How is the operating mode introduced during the NDP. Commissioning works

Developed by JSC Firm ORGRES.

Agreed: with Glavenergo, with the Main Technical Administration, with the Main Directorate for Design and Capital Construction.

These Rules establish the general principle of organizing start-up and adjustment works at thermal power plants, their stages and content by stages, as well as the procedure for their implementation.

Compliance with the Rules is mandatory for associations, enterprises and organizations subordinate to the USSR Ministry of Energy, as well as associations, enterprises and organizations of other ministries and departments that perform commissioning work at thermal power plants.

With the release of these Rules, the "Rules for the production and acceptance of commissioning work at thermal power plants. RD 34.20.406-89" (M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1990) become invalid.

These Rules are developed in accordance with SNiP 3.01.04-87 "Acceptance for operation of completed construction facilities. Basic provisions", SNiP 3.05.05-84 "Technological equipment and technological pipelines", SNiP 3.05.06-85 "Electrical devices", SNiP 3.05.07-85 "Automation systems", SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction"; "Rules for the acceptance into operation of individual start-up complexes and completed construction of power plants, objects of electrical and thermal networks. VSN 37-86" (Ministry of Energy of the USSR, 1986); the current "Rules for electrical installations"; "Rules technical operation power stations and networks"; "Rules of Gosgortekhnadzor"; "Rules for the use of gas in national economy"; "Safety regulations for the operation of technological equipment of power plants and heating networks"; "Safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations", as well as other guidance and regulatory materials for the design, construction, installation and operation of equipment for energy facilities.

The rules apply to the period of commissioning on the equipment of power plants up to its acceptance into operation by the State Commission.

The rules define the main functions and relationships of organizations involved in the commissioning.

An explanation of the terms used is given in Appendix 1.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The main technology of commissioning works (CW) is their implementation according to the principle of setting up functional and technological units (node-by-node commissioning).

Unit adjustment begins after individual testing of the equipment and continues until the equipment is put into operation.

1.2. The preparation of commissioning begins for power plants with head and experimental samples of the main equipment or for the first power plants at newly built and reconstructed facilities from the moment the order (instruction) of the higher organization is issued to appoint the head commissioning organization, but no later than 18 months, and for the rest power plants - no later than 18 months before the year of the planned start of the comprehensive testing period.

The order (instruction) on the appointment of the head commissioning organization is issued on the same terms as the orders on the appointment of state commissions for VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

In other cases, the need for a head commissioning organization is determined by the customer. In this case, the appointment of the head commissioning organization is made by the customer in agreement with the organization that is entrusted with the functions of the head, or when the facility is handed over on a turnkey basis by the general contractor on the same conditions.

1.3. Organizational support for the commissioning includes: drawing up a coordination plan for commissioning; development budget documentation on the NDP; conclusion of contracts for the production of commissioning works; opening of financing for commissioning and commissioning within the time frame that ensures settlements with involved commissioning organizations at all stages.

Characteristics of work on the organizational support of the commissioning work are given in Appendix 2.

1.4. The technical support for commissioning includes: project commissioning; familiarization with the project of a power plant and (or) TPP, its analysis and issuance of comments on the project; development commissioning documentation; development of temporary operational documentation; training of operational personnel for the production of commissioning programs; input control technological equipment, pipelines, electrical equipment and apparatus, means of control and management of technological processes; control over construction and installation works.

A description of the work on technical support during the preparation of the commissioning work is given in Appendix 4.

The recommended forms of the list and composition of the equipment of functional and technological units, as well as the general technological schedule for commissioning included in the technical support of commissioning, are given in Appendices 5 and 6 (not given).

1.5. The material support of the commissioning work includes: financing, providing the production of commissioning works with equipment, instruments, materials, energy resources and communications; providing organizations participating in the NDP with industrial and sanitary premises, housing, medical care, transport services, places in preschool and school institutions, social and cultural services, and personal protective equipment.

1.6. The list of equipment and devices of TPPs, which are used for commissioning, is given in Appendix 7.

1.7. Technological sequence, duration and sequence of pre-commissioning and commissioning determines the schedule for commissioning, which is part of the commissioning documentation.

The schedule should provide for the parallel implementation of autonomous adjustment of the automated process control systems and installation of the main equipment. To do this, the following organizational and technical measures should be reflected in the schedule.

1.7.1. Early completion of construction and finishing works in the block control room with the inclusion of lighting, fire extinguishing, ventilation, air conditioning systems (in accordance with SN-512-78) and the transfer of these premises for the installation of APCS hardware.

1.7.2. Pre-emptive voltage supply and adjustment of the uninterruptible power supply system for automated process control systems in the block control room.

1.7.3. For timely scrolling of mechanisms, successful adjustment of systems, functional group control and functional groups, early voltage supply to the main building for the power unit's own needs.

1.7.4. Ensuring the necessary time for high-quality performance of the node-by-unit commissioning, completion of installation and individual testing of the main power equipment before the start of the node-by-unit commissioning.

1.7.5. A rational procedure for carrying out complex adjustment, which allows to complete the complex testing of the unit (installation) as soon as possible.

1.7.6. The minimum terms for the implementation of determining measures when performing commissioning for power units (individual boilers or turbine plants) with a developed process control system (where these tools perform the main functions of control and display of information) are given in Table. one.

Table 1

1.7.7. An example of the implementation of the start-up schedule is given in Appendix 6.

2. STAGES AND ORGANIZATION OF COMMISSIONING

2.1. The commissioning can be divided into eight stages, which differ in the technology of their implementation.

2.1.1. Preparatory stage.

2.1.2. Pre-assembly revision and verification of equipment: machines and mechanisms, devices, fittings, controls and information presentation.

2.1.3. Element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment.

2.1.4. Nodal acceptance from individual tests (including necessary control completeness and quality of installation) equipment of functional units.

In accordance with SNiP 3.05.05-84, SNiP 3.05.06-85 and SNiP 3.05.07-85, the stages of element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment do not coincide in time for different types of equipment, and this difference can be quite significant. Nodal acceptance serves to check the readiness of the entire variety of node equipment for node-by-node adjustment at the time it starts.

2.1.5. Unit-by-unit start-up (hereinafter referred to as "start-up") adjustment of functional units on idle equipment (cold adjustment) and their testing under load. Transfer of functional units from commissioning to operation mode, to check of construction and installation readiness and to unit-by-unit complex adjustment on operating equipment.

2.1.6. Testing of a block (or a separate boiler unit, turbine unit) with synchronization (or without it for a separate boiler unit) and a set of loads to check its complete construction and installation readiness.

2.1.7. Unit-by-unit complex (hereinafter - "complex") adjustment and testing of functional units, including subsystems of automated process control systems and the operational circuit of the block control panel for testing equipment modes. Pilot operation of functional and technological units, including the monitoring and control system, detection and elimination of defects, transfer of functional units to commercial operation. Carrying out a comprehensive testing of the block (installation).

2.1.8. Acceptance of the unit (installation) for operation state commission with carrying out the necessary tests of power equipment and with the execution of the relevant act.

2.2. Two fundamentally different types of organization of commissioning work on equipment are envisaged:

works carried out by specialists of the same profession (thermal mechanics, electricians, APCS specialists, etc.), assembled into teams and performing adjustment operations almost independently of specialists from other professions;

work carried out by integrated node teams (hereinafter referred to as "nodal teams"). Each node team includes workers of all professions necessary for the adjustment of this functional and technological node.

2.2.1. The first type of organization of work is applied:

during pre-installation revision, verification, element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing of equipment;

on the initial stage complex adjustment of units, when it is advisable to carry out the initial assurance of the reliability of the equipment in the design volume separately by its types.

2.2.2. Starting from the stage of node acceptance from individual testing and up to the acceptance of the unit (installation) by the state commission (with the exception of the initial stage of complex adjustment), commissioning is carried out by the nodal teams and organized by complex working subcommittees.

2.2.3. The nodal team is organized by the decision of an integrated working subcommittee during individual testing of equipment from among the leading specialists of organizations that perform installation and commissioning work at this functional node under contracts: to perform commissioning work, the nodal team may additionally be assigned employees from the assembly and commissioning organizations.

The nodal team is headed by a foreman appointed from among the highly qualified specialists of the leading commissioning organization for the node, the customer, the research organization or the equipment manufacturer.

The foremen of the nodal teams, and, if necessary, the entire composition of the nodal team, are appointed by order of the customer or (when the facility is delivered on a turnkey basis) by the general contractor.

The foreman of the nodal brigade and the brigade subordinate to him can perform commissioning work at two or more functional nodes.

2.2.4. The integrated working subcommittee includes workers of all specialties necessary for the organization and acceptance of work at the site.

The Chairman of the Integrated Working Subcommittee is a member working commission.

The appointment of chairmen and the creation of complex working subcommittees is carried out during the period of individual testing of equipment.

2.2.5. Working and state acceptance commissions are created in the manner and under the conditions corresponding to VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

Specialized subcommittees, organized by the working commission in accordance with VSN 37-86 of the USSR Ministry of Energy, can provide assistance to complex working subcommittees in accordance with their areas of activity.

Prior to the organization of the working commission, the customer can form workshop commissions for the acceptance of premises, equipment, etc.

2.3.1. The organization of pre-commissioning work should provide for the "integration" of units of a unit or a separate installation, which is sequentially increased from stage to stage, with access to their full functional linkage during the period of complex adjustment.

2.3.2. The preparatory stage of commissioning begins after the release of working drawings. At this stage, the following is done:

study and analysis of design and factory documentation, determination of compliance project documentation regulatory documents, standard solutions and best practices, development of comments and recommendations to eliminate deficiencies;

drawing up a project for the production of commissioning, including safety measures;

development and approval of work programs for commissioning and commissioning of equipment;

preparation of a fleet of measuring equipment, testing equipment and fixtures, organization and equipment of an object laboratory, provision of workplaces with instruments, tools and instructional and methodological materials;

compiling a list of documentation, the execution of which is necessary at various stages of production and acceptance of commissioning work at each functional unit;

development of the first edition of operating instructions.

Works under clause 2.3.2 are carried out by organizations participating in commissioning works in accordance with the coordination plan individually with the necessary mutual consultations.

2.3.3. At the stage of pre-installation revision and verification of equipment, machines, mechanisms, fittings, control and management facilities, the general operational and technical management is carried out by the customer in the person of the deputy chief engineer for repairs.

The procedure and scope of audits and inspections are established, guided by current rules and standards.

The audit is carried out by the relevant workshops of the power plant with the involvement of installation, repair and commissioning enterprises.

The workshops provide the organization of jobs for repair and adjustment personnel in the premises allocated for this purpose by the management of the power plant.

2.3.4. At the stage of element-by-element acceptance from installation and individual testing, the general operational and technical management is carried out by the deputy chief engineer of the power plant for installation.

The procedure for acceptance and individual testing is established, guided by the current rules and standards, by the heads of the power plant workshops together with the relevant heads of the teams of the head commissioning organization, heads of departments of construction, installation and commissioning organizations, and the chief personnel of manufacturing plants.

Adjustment works are carried out by adjustment organizations in accordance with the coordination plan. The workshops ensure the organization of workplaces for adjustment personnel in the premises allocated for the performance of these works by the management of the power plant.

The result of this stage is the execution of the act of the working commission on the acceptance of equipment after individual tests (Appendix 8).

The power supply for commissioning is carried out by the power plant in accordance with current regulations.

2.3.5. At the stage of node-by-unit acceptance from installation and individual testing of the equipment of functional units of the main and general station equipment, the general operational and technical management is carried out by the deputy chief engineer of the power plant for operation.

Acceptance of functional units from installation and individual tests is carried out in a complex from construction, heat installation, electrical installation and commissioning organizations with consideration of the readiness of the unit in terms of construction, heat installation, electrical work and individual tests, with consideration of acts for hidden work and documents (acts, protocols, records in magazines) compiled during the audit of equipment, element-by-element acceptance, individual tests.

By the beginning of the unit-by-unit adjustment and unit-by-unit testing, the installation of the technological equipment of the unit must be fully completed; adjustment operations were performed on the technological equipment that do not require putting the equipment into operation; completed autonomous adjustment of sections of subsystems of automated process control systems included in this node in the amount of:

special software subsystems for the collection and primary processing of information, an information base, a subsystem for presenting information, a subsystem for technological printing of programs for diagnosing technical means;

information channels and signal propagation panels;

cabinets for subsystems of control, blocking, protection and signaling;

control schemes for mechanisms, shut-off and control valves;

subsystem cabinets automatic regulation;

cabinets (with their verification on simulators) of the functional group control subsystem (FGU);

the operational circuit of the block control panel and all communications within the block control panel.

Conducting node-by-unit acceptance of equipment from installation is carried out by an integrated working subcommittee.

As a result of this acceptance, an acceptance certificate is issued, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant. The form of the act is given in Appendix 9.

If in the process of acceptance of the assembly from the installation and individual tests, defects and imperfections are revealed, then the acceptance is suspended until they are eliminated.

The need to perform work not provided for by the project, factory instructions and other documents is documented by the act of the working commission.

2.3.6. At the stage of commissioning of functional units on non-operating equipment (cold commissioning) and their testing under load (with voltage, air, steam, water, oil supply with boiler kindling), node-by-unit acceptance into the subsequent comprehensive commissioning, general technical management is carried out by the Deputy Chief Engineer of the power plant for operation.

The commissioning of the node is directly carried out by the node team under the leadership of the foreman.

Works at the stage of commissioning and testing of functional units are carried out according to work programs approved by the chief engineer of the power plant.

Cold commissioning of a functional unit is considered completed if:

all necessary calibrations of analog instruments and checks of factory settings have been performed;

checked the correctness of the passage of all analog signals from sensors to automation, computer technology, instruments and signaling devices;

all protection and alarm settings are set;

the course of regulating bodies and electromagnetic valves is checked;

the correctness of the signal passage of discrete devices and sensors used in protection systems, interlocks, automatic control and signaling to computer technology and its display means, individual devices, signaling and control devices;

motor torque limit switches and position indicators calibrated and tested;

switching equipment checked;

the direction of rotation of the drives of technological mechanisms was checked;

the direction of movement of actuators and indicating devices was checked under control action;

the possibility of operational control from the control panel is installed;

the systems of protection, interlocks, signaling and logic control were checked (as far as possible without the technological mode);

the direction of the impact of automatic control systems was checked, the calculated parameters of their settings were set;

generated and tested the general software of the APCS;

downloaded and tested on simulators special software for automatic process control systems (as far as possible without a technological regime);

the mechanisms were scrolled at idle, it was found that the parameters characterizing the state of the mechanism at idle are within the limits established by standards, factory, design and other regulatory and technological documentation. Completion of the cold checkout points is reflected in the "Joint readiness log for load tests". The form of the journal is given in Appendix 10.

Testing of the unit under load is carried out after the completion of its cold adjustment.

The stage of commissioning and testing of equipment units ends with trial runs, during which the settings are adjusted, debugged, tested and put into operation (on the equipment included in the operation) of the subsystems of protection, interlocks, ARV, signaling, ACP, FGU and the subsystem for presenting information in volume , necessary to ensure the safety and reliability of testing a unit (or installation) in order to check its construction and installation readiness with taking the load, with its release into the operating mode and complex adjustment. Technical programs for testing functional assemblies under load specify the roles and responsibilities of operating personnel.

The organization of testing of the unit after the launch attack in order to accept it for checking the construction and installation readiness and for complex adjustment is carried out by an integrated working subcommittee.

If during the testing of the unit damage, defects or imperfections are revealed, then the testing is interrupted and carried out from the beginning after they are eliminated.

The completion of this stage for each node is documented by the node test report, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant. The protocol form is given in Appendix 11.

The unit is considered accepted for checking construction and installation readiness and for complex adjustment if there is an act of acceptance of the unit from installation and individual testing approved by the chief engineer of the power plant (clause 2.3.5), as well as a test report of the unit (Appendix 11).

2.3.7. Checking the construction and installation readiness of the start-up complex of a power unit or a separate unit is carried out according to a special technical program that provides for the start-up of equipment according to design schemes. At the same time, for a separate boiler unit, it is envisaged to obtain a pair of design parameters, and for a power unit and a separate turbine unit with a generator, synchronization and a set of electrical loads.

The program for checking construction and installation readiness is developed by the head commissioning organization and approved by its chief engineer and the chief engineer of the power plant. In the absence of a head commissioning organization, the program is developed and approved by the customer, involving installation and commissioning organizations in the development of the program.

Operational control of the equipment is carried out by the customer's operating personnel according to pre-developed operating instructions and a program for checking construction and installation readiness.

In accordance with the program, the personnel of installation, commissioning, research organizations and the chief personnel of equipment manufacturers take part in the readiness check in accordance with the program.

The chief engineer of the power plant is the technical manager of the verification of construction and installation readiness.

Upon completion of this stage of commissioning, an act is drawn up by the working acceptance committee on the acceptance of the equipment of the unit (installation) after checking the construction and installation readiness. Attached to the act is a list of defects in equipment, installation and construction revealed during testing, as well as a program-schedule for the complex adjustment of units and testing of a unit or a separate unit. The act is approved by the head of the superior instruction of the customer. The form of the act is given in Appendix 12.

Defects in equipment, construction and installation, identified during the verification of the construction and installation readiness of the launch complex, must be eliminated before the start of a comprehensive commissioning of the equipment.

2.3.8. At the stage of complex adjustment of units, unit-by-unit adjustment, testing (research) of equipment in various modes works:

when the block or a separate unit is stopped with the inclusion in the operation of individual functional technological units;

during start-ups and shutdowns of a unit or a separate unit according to the program of commissioning tests;

when carrying an electrical load at a level specified by the adjustment program.

In the same period, repair and finishing work is carried out on the stopped equipment, defects identified in the process of adjusting the units are eliminated.

The program of complex adjustment of nodes provides for the separate work of specialists at the first stage various professions for initial setup certain types equipment in order to ensure the reliability of the installation in the design volume, and then - comprehensive work nodal teams created at the stage of acceptance, under the technical supervision of foremen.

Completion of the adjustment of the nodes is documented by the nodal teams with protocols for conducting a comprehensive test of the nodes (in the required operating modes of the power unit, which are approved by the chief engineer of the power plant).

During the same period, a comprehensive adjustment of the subsystems of the automated process control system (including the operational circuit of the block control panel), their trial operation and transfer to commercial operation is carried out.

The operation of the equipment during the period of complex adjustment is envisaged according to separate programs, and electricity generation for this period is not planned according to the dispatch schedule.

During the complex adjustment period, the following is carried out:

technological debugging of functional units during equipment operation in variable and stationary modes;

carrying out and testing of equipment launches from various thermal states according to the schedules of manufacturing plants;

debugging information channels of discrete and analog parameters, as well as updating the information base based on the results of equipment operation;

experimental determination of static and dynamic characteristics of equipment, inclusion of automatic control systems in the design volume;

adjustment and adjustment of technological algorithms and programs for the complex of tasks of automated process control systems on existing equipment;

adjustment of functional group control systems with adjustment of technological algorithms and FGU programs and blocking based on the results of launches;

adjustment of operational technical documentation;

development of control modes and interaction between operational personnel in the conditions of the existing automated process control system and in case of its failures;

trial operation of a set of tasks and subsystems of automated process control systems with testing in variable and stationary modes of equipment operation, its verification for taking the maximum possible (within the design) and maximum continuous load;

transfer of the start-up complex of tasks and subsystems of automated process control systems as part of the power equipment being commissioned into commercial operation.

Comprehensive adjustment ends with a comprehensive testing of equipment with the execution of an act according to SNiP 3.01.04-87 (Appendix 2).

2.3.9. After the completion of work according to the program-schedule for the complex adjustment of a power unit or a separate unit and its comprehensive testing, the said equipment is accepted for operation. Acceptance for operation is carried out by the state acceptance committee with the appointment, if necessary, of control tests and trials.

Samples and tests are carried out under the technical guidance of the chief engineer of the power plant according to the program approved by the state acceptance committee. This produces:

checking the operating modes of the boiler unit, turbine unit, generator, transformer and auxiliary equipment when operating on the main fuel and control algorithms for functional units in stationary and variable modes;

complex check of all subsystems of process control systems;

examination joint work main units and auxiliary equipment at the maximum possible (within the design) load;

other necessary trials and tests.

Upon successful acceptance by the State Acceptance Commission of a power unit or installation, an act of acceptance of the facility into operation is drawn up in accordance with SNiP 3.01.04-87 (Appendix 5).

customer;

general contracting organization;

subcontracting specialized organizations (installation, commissioning, etc.);

general designer;

subcontracting design organizations;

research organizations - developers of technical solutions;

adjusting personnel of plants - manufacturers of equipment. Depending on the specific conditions, it is possible to combine the functions of several participants by one organization.

3.1. Customer Responsibilities

Implementation of general, operational and technical management of the quality of construction, installation, adjustment and testing of equipment; carrying out pre-launch and launch operations on equipment, units and unit; work of acceptance committees; elimination of defects in equipment, construction and installation.

Ensuring the organization and conduct of pre-installation inspection of equipment and apparatus.

Ensuring commissioning works at all stages:

financing of works;

by qualified operating personnel (starting from unit testing);

working means and materials in the required quantities;

exemplary devices, design and factory technical documentation.

Ensuring the safety of equipment and installations, the experimental control system, as well as documentation, equipment and apparatus of organizations involved in commissioning at the power unit and a regime that excludes access by unauthorized persons.

Provision of personnel of commissioning and research organizations with service and laboratory premises, housing and other consumer services.

Development, together with the general contractor, of measures to ensure safe conditions work, and taking action general for safety and fire safety at the power unit.

3.2. Responsibilities of the head commissioning organization

3.2.1. Ensuring the implementation of their volumes of commissioning work on the equipment in accordance with the agreed distribution of volumes between the commissioning organizations involved.

3.2.2. In addition to performing your scope of commissioning:

distribution of adjustment work volumes (when drawing up a coordination plan);

coordination of actions of all participants of commissioning works: development of engineering support for commissioning works, participation in the development and approval of a combined schedule of construction, installation and commissioning works, development or coordination of work and technical programs for commissioning works in accordance with the instructions of Appendix 3, participation in the formation of consolidated commissioning teams , including the allocation of a number of node foremen from its composition;

monitoring the results of commissioning by all participants, participation in the work of acceptance committees;

ensuring round-the-clock duty of leading specialists to provide operational technical assistance during the start-up operations on the equipment;

submission to the launch headquarters of issues and proposals related to the organization and progress of construction, installation and commissioning;

summarizing, together with the co-executing organizations, the results of commissioning and, on their basis, prompt issuance to the customer, design organizations and manufacturing plants (in a copy - to the relevant central offices) of proposals for improving the technology, schemes, modes and designs of equipment and monitoring their implementation;

summarizing the operating experience of similar equipment and issuing a proposal to the customer for implementation;

development together with the customer of instructive and technical documentation.

The head commissioning organization, together with the customer, bears the main responsibility for the timing and quality of commissioning and commissioning of equipment.

3.2.3. The instructions of the head commissioning organization regarding the technology and timing of commissioning are obligatory for all organizations involved in the commissioning of equipment.

3.2.4. The main form of activity of the head commissioning organization is the conclusion of a single contract for the implementation of the entire range of commissioning works with the involvement of other commissioning organizations on a subcontract basis.

3.2.5. Additional execution the commissioning organization of the "head" functions is paid in accordance with the "Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors", approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy and the USSR State Planning Committee dated 07.03.87 N 132/109 and under an agreement with the customer.

3.2.6. In the absence of a head commissioning organization, its functions in terms of distribution, control and coordination of work are performed by the customer or, when the facility is delivered on a turnkey basis, by the general contractor.

3.3. Responsibilities of other commissioning organizations

Performance of commissioning works in accordance with the volumes agreed with the customer and the head commissioning organization. Participation in element-by-element acceptance and individual testing of equipment, as well as in acceptance, start-up, complex adjustment and testing of functional units and the unit as a whole (section 2).

Development and coordination with the head commissioning organization and the customer of technical programs for pre-commissioning and commissioning works carried out by them in accordance with the coordination plan and protocols for distributing the scope of work.

Preparation of lists of defects in installation, equipment and project.

3.4. Responsibilities of research organizations and adjustment personnel of manufacturing plants

Co-executors of commissioning works according to the coordination plan carry out, as part of teams, control over the installation and individual testing of equipment: draw up a list of defects in equipment, installation, design and develop proposals for their elimination; carry out technical supervision of installation; adjustment of the scheme of experimental control on the equipment determined by the work distribution protocol;

as part of the nodal teams, they carry out commissioning of functional units, conduct research at the stage of complex adjustment of functional units in the amount necessary to ensure their performance and determine the parameters for setting up the automated process control system; participate in the work of acceptance committees and complex working subcommittees.

3.5. When organizing the construction of turnkey facilities, the customer transfers part of his functions to the general contractor in accordance with the Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated November 10, 1989 N 147.

Attachment 1

APPLICABLE TERMS

Annex 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKS ON ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT OF COMMISSIONING

Appendix 3

Appendix 4

CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKS ON TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Annex 5

Appendix 7

LIST OF EQUIPMENT, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS OF TPP WHERE COMMISSIONING IS PERFORMED

A. Technological part

2. Turbines

3. Centrifugal, axial, screw, plunger, vacuum pumps

4. Turbo drives

5. Steam engines

6. Jet devices (ejectors, injectors, thermodynamic pumps)

7. Smoke exhausters

8. Fans

9. Regenerative rotary heaters

10. Mills

11. Cyclones

12. Scrubbers

13. Separators

14. Electrostatic precipitators

15. Receiving and unloading device

16. Device for automated supply of solid fuel

17. Fuel bunkers

18. Pulverizing systems

19. Raw coal and dust feeders

20. Ignition-protective devices

21. Air filters

22. Vacuum plants

23. Suction unit

24. Installations of foam and dust suppression

25. Installation of hydro-steam removal of dust

26. Shot cleaning plants

27. Vacuum installations

28. Receiving and draining fuel systems

29. Liquid fuel tanks (diesel, gas turbine, fuel oil)

30. Installations for the supply of liquid fuels

31. Installations for the supply of gaseous fuels (gas distribution stations and gas distribution points)

32. Ash collection plants

33. Sulfur trapping plants

34. Installations of liquid and dry slag removal

35. Foam plants firefighting

36. Water fire extinguishing systems

39. Deaerators

40. Vessels

41. Tanks, measuring tanks for storing water, reagents, oils

42. Capacitors

43. Heat exchangers

44. Oil cleaning and fuel cleaning machines (separators, centrifuges)

45. Filter presses

46. ​​Water seals with regulators

47. Oil station lubrication

48. Hydropower stations

49. Shut-off, control, safety valves

50. Hydraulic, pneumatic and steam regulators

51. Reducing-cooling and reducing plants

52. Pipelines hot water and couple

53. Gas pipelines, air pipelines, gas ducts

54. Systems of regulation and protection

55. Lubrication systems

56. Systems of water and oil cooling electrical machines

57. Gas cooling systems for electrical machines

58. Cooling systems for electrical machines with superconducting windings

59. Air conditioning systems

60. Heating systems

61. Compressor units

62. Internal combustion engines

63. Cooling towers, channels or conduits for pressure and discharge

64. Spray pools

65. Electrolysis plants

66. Storm drain systems

67. Oily and oily wastewater treatment systems

68. FIACM installations

69. Vacuum filters

70. Wastewater treatment plant

71. Evaporators

72. Brighteners

73. Ion exchange filters

74. Mechanical filters

75. Filter regenerators

76. Sorption filters

77. Mixed filter

78. Electromagnetic filter

79. Stirrers

80. Traps

81. Hydrocyclones

82. Electrodialysis water treatment plant

83. Installation for coagulation of water in a clarifier

84. Installation for liming water in a clarifier

85. Plant for softening and stabilizing water

86. Plants for chemical water desalination

87. Installations for chemical desalination of plant-wide condensates

88. Installations for thermal water desalination

89. Turbine condensate treatment plants

90. Device for unloading, storing and preparing a working reagent

91. Settings for chemical processing cooling water

92. Installations for maintaining the water-chemical regime of boilers

93. Technical water supply system

94. Circulating water supply system

95. Installations for the treatment of turbine, transformer and circulating oils

96. Support-suspension system of technological pipelines

B. Electrical part

1. Synchronous generators and pathogens

2. Power and instrument transformers

3. Switching equipment

4. Relay protection devices

5. Automation devices in power supply

6. Devices of voltage and operating current systems

7. Electric cars electric drives

8. Static Converters

9. Systems of automatic control and regulation of electric drives

10. Alarm devices

11. Measurements in electrical installations

12. Tests with increased voltage

13. Electrical interconnected devices and technological processes

14. Electric elevators

B. Automated control systems

1. Devices for obtaining information about the state technological process

2. Means of converting information for transmission over a communication channel

3. Means for converting, processing, storing information and generating control commands

4. Devices for using information by the team to influence the process

5. Devices and devices of local action

6. Electronic computing

7. Equipment automated control, control and data teleprocessing

8. Devices for counting equipment and office equipment

9. Software for computing systems

9.1. Adjustment of individual programs

9.2. Adjustment of software systems

9.3. Software development

10. Offline system tuning

11. Complex adjustment of systems

12. Means of telemechanics (devices and equipment of telemechanics)

Annex 8

Annex 9

Annex 10

II. protection

All protection settings have been set and the operation of the protection on cold equipment has been verified.

III. Signaling

All alarm settings are set and alarm operation on cold equipment is verified.

IV. Measurement channels

The correctness of the passage and display of all analog and discrete signals has been checked.

V. Regulating and shut-off bodies

The stroke of the regulating and shut-off devices has been checked, the torque limit switches and position indicators have been calibrated and tested. Management from all project posts is carried out.

VI. Automatic control and regulation systems (blocking, ASR, FGU)

The direction of impact of the systems has been checked, the calculated settings have been set, the algorithms for working on cold equipment have been tested and correspond to the project.

VII. The APCS application software has been loaded and tested on cold equipment.

Annex 11

Annex 12

Content:

An integral part of the production and technological process are narrowly focused special activities, known as commissioning. In the process of carrying out these activities, the equipment is checked for trouble-free operation and safety, the possibility of putting it into operation and bringing it to design indicators. First of all, the documentation of the project to be checked is considered. The equipment is checked and tested for possible failures and emergencies. In addition, it also includes many additional work performed in the process of preparing and conducting individual tests of the entire equipment complex.

Procedure for commissioning

Commissioning is carried out after the installation of the equipment is completed. The main objective of these activities is to comprehensively test the installations being tested. During the check, the degree of their safety and reliability, compliance with the declared design characteristics is determined. Based on the results of the work, all identified shortcomings that impede the normal operation of the equipment are eliminated.

Installation and commissioning are carried out by specialized organizations with which the enterprise concludes a business contract. If the enterprise has trained engineering and technical personnel and the necessary instrumentation, then these works can be performed on their own. These employees belong to the category of operational personnel. They must take a course. After passing the exam, a protocol is drawn up and a certificate is issued for the right to perform commissioning. For workers, a re-test of knowledge is carried out annually, and for engineering and technical workers - once every 3 years.

Commissioning ends with the preparation of a technical report, reflecting all the stages completed, with conclusions and recommendations for further improving the operation of equipment and installations. Thus, this report is the main document characterizing the volume and efficiency of the work performed. Practical experience shows that the cost of start-up and adjustment activities pays off already in the first months of operation. For example, the results of calculations and comparative tests show that due to competently driven start-up and adjustment, fuel savings can be 3-5%.

To perform commissioning, a team of specialists is involved, which should be led by a qualified engineer. The number of workers is determined according to the volume upcoming work usually no more than 5 people. The main activities are carried out by engineering and technical workers, and the personnel of the enterprise are used for auxiliary work.

For each type of equipment, a commissioning program is drawn up, agreed with the management of the enterprise. During its development, the main attention is paid to practical experiments, during which individual nodes are tested, design flaws are identified, and the quality of installation is determined. Great importance is attached to experiments to verify the reliability of all types of equipment, its ability to maintain the specified parameters. The maximum value of the performance of the unit, the stability of its operation at low loads is determined.

Such checks are carried out in sufficient numbers to draw up an indicative regime map, which takes into account the entire range of operational loads. To determine some parameters, instrumentation of the equipment itself is used.

In conclusion, the most important event is carried out for the comprehensive testing of equipment and its inclusion in the work. This operation is carried out only with the permission of the head of the adjusting group. No one should interfere with his orders, except when there is a threat. safe work equipment and maintenance personnel.

Electrical commissioning

Commissioning works are carried out at the final stage of electrical work. During this period, electrical equipment is tested and checked for compliance with the project, the current PUE, technical specifications and documentation of the manufacturer. All units must comply with the declared technological indicators. After all settings, testing and testing have been carried out, conclusions are issued on the operability of the entire installation and each of its components.

Our organization in short time and with high quality will perform a wide range of such works, including commissioning of the electrical equipment system. The company's specialists will carry out activities in several stages:

• Receipt from the customer and careful study specifications installations, technical documentation and the electrical part of the project, its relationship with technological processes.
• Training work program and the project for the implementation of commissioning, including activities related to safety, their coordination with the customer.
• Analysis of the finished documentation, identification of shortcomings and other comments.
• Preparation of instructions technological maps And guidelines on setup issues. Particular importance is attached to protocols and other forms of reporting documentation, preparation necessary tools, appliances and fixtures.

After the preparatory period, commissioning activities are carried out jointly with. A temporary circuit is used to supply voltage to the equipment. When combining work Special attention refers to compliance with safety regulations. By this time, all construction works, heating, lighting and ventilation in the premises with electrical equipment are being completed. The electrical equipment itself is already installed and grounded. Wells, openings and cable channels were closed.

At this stage, the installed electrical equipment is tested by applying voltage through test circuits to individual devices. When performing this operation, electrical installation personnel should not be in the adjustment area. If defects in electrical equipment are detected, they are eliminated by the customer, and installation errors and shortcomings - by the electrical installation organization. Based on the results of the second stage, the employees of the company draw up the following documents:

• Protocol of tests and measurements of insulation.
• protocol.
• Protocol for setting up protections and relay-contactor equipment.
• Executive diagrams of objects subject to power supply, connected to voltage.

At the next stage, individual tests of electrical equipment are carried out, in which the voltage is supplied according to the normal operating scheme. First of all, for electrical installations, the operating mode is entered and personnel permits are issued in accordance with safety regulations. After that, the adjusters adjust the equipment parameters, test protection, control and signaling schemes. Before testing technological equipment, it is necessary to set up and check the operation of electrical equipment at idle.

After the company's specialists conduct individual tests, the electrical equipment will be considered accepted for operation. Based on the results of the tests, all the necessary documents will be drawn up and transferred to the customer:

• Test protocols for grounding and zeroing.
• Test protocols for electrical equipment at high voltage.
• Principal executive schemes, as in the previous stage.

The rest of the documentation is provided to the customer within two months after the equipment is put into operation. For objects of increased technical complexity, this period is extended to four months. At the end of this stage, an act of technical readiness is drawn up for conducting a comprehensive testing of electrical equipment.

Comprehensive testing is carried out according to special programs agreed with the customer. During this event, the interaction of electrical equipment systems and electrical circuits in various operating modes is checked. Parameters in individual devices and functional groups are adjusted and configured, their mutual connections are provided, and specified operating modes are created. Electrical installations are tested according to complete scheme, which makes it possible to prepare and conduct a comprehensive testing of technological equipment.

Equipment commissioning

In order to put the mounted process equipment into operation, it is necessary to perform commissioning work. The volume of these activities can be up to 20% of the entire project. These works are carried out at the final stage, before putting the equipment into operation.

In our organization, we qualitatively and quickly perform commissioning of all major types of equipment. The company's specialists will carry out the following activities:

• Check the compliance of the project documentation with the actual execution.
• They will prepare and test technological lines.
• Perform revision, testing and calibration of various instruments and automation.
• Individual components and assemblies, auxiliary systems will be checked by testing method, dynamic equipment will be run in.
• Organize events for comprehensive test facility and putting it into operation.
• Conduct staff training for the subsequent operation of the equipment.

As a rule, the organization of commissioning works at any object is carried out at the last terms of construction and installation works. Already during this period, engineers discovered possible inconsistencies between the design documentation and the installed equipment. Because of this, malfunctions may occur in the future, so it is very important to eliminate all shortcomings in a timely manner. This stage has great importance and guarantees the reliable operation of the facility in the future.

Our commissioning organization offers a full range of services, from the adjustment of individual technological elements to complex facilities of various industries.

During the implementation of many projects, capital construction or reconstruction of buildings and structures with the installation of new equipment or specialized processes. Such works include the installation of fire extinguishing systems, power supply, air conditioning, ventilation, fire alarms. All of them require commissioning, for this, a commissioning program has been drawn up more and more often lately.

What is NDP and why they are carried out

According to SNiP, commissioning is a set of activities that are carried out during the preparation for the implementation of integrated testing and individual testing. installed equipment. This includes checking, testing and adjusting equipment to achieve design parameters.

The performance of all these manipulations is usually carried out on a contractual basis by specialized organizations that have the necessary permits and a staff of qualified specialists. The necessary conditions for their activities at the site (industrial sanitation, labor safety) are organized by the customer, who also pays for commissioning at the expense of the general estimate for putting the facility into operation. All operations must be carried out by instructed and certified for each specific case by the personnel of the commissioning organization under the supervision of a responsible representative on the part of the customer.

There are two main stages in the commissioning activities:

• Individual tests are activities that are designed to ensure that the requirements that are provided specifications, standards and working documentation, for testing units, machines and mechanisms. The purpose of individual tests is to prepare for complex testing in the presence of a working commission.
• Complex tests are actions carried out after the acceptance of the mechanisms by the working commission, and directly the complex testing itself. At the same time, the interconnected joint operation of all installed equipment is checked at idle, then under load, after which the technological regime provided for by the project is reached.

Although not mandated by law, last years more and more often, the customer requires that a commissioning program be drawn up for testing work. This gives confidence that not a single nuance will be missed, and the operation of all systems will comply with the approved standards and project documentation.

How is it compiled and what does the commissioning program include?

The commissioning program is a document that clearly outlines the entire list of actions that will be carried out by the responsible organization. On the net, you can see discussions about whether it is worth including a commissioning methodology in the Program or whether it should be drawn up as a separate document. There are no clear requirements regarding this, so everything here depends on the agreements of the parties. A sample for each specific situation can be easily found on the Internet.

The program is drawn up and approved by a representative of the commissioning company and agreed upon by the customer, the signatures and seals of the parties are put in the header of the document. The following sections follow (as an example, let's take the preparation of a hotel heating system):

• checking the correct installation, readiness and serviceability of equipment in visual mode (control devices, stop valves, filling the system with water), according to the results, a defective statement is compiled;
• commissioning tests in operational conditions, balance experiments (installation optimal modes, testing of valve control in manual and automatic modes, checking the automation settings, identifying shortcomings and working out proposals for their elimination), the result is an act of individual tests;
• comprehensive testing (72 hours continuous work- for all main equipment, 24 hours - for heating networks), its beginning is the time when all systems are started at maximum load.

Some companies document all activities related directly to the preparation and testing of devices in a separate document - the Commissioning Methodology, which comes as an addition to the Program. In the Program, they include more general things of an organizational nature. That is, there is an actual division of the entire complex of works into organizational, legal and technical components. However, the Methodology is often an integral part of the main body of the approved Program.

An integral part of the Program may be such additional documents:

• passports of ventilation, heating and hot water supply systems, as well as individual nodes of their connection;
• the procedure for preparing and subsequent commissioning with a list of all operations, their start and end times;
• list of stationary and portable measuring instruments (pressure gauges, thermometers, etc.);
• list of control and stop valves, equipment (pumps, valves, heat exchangers, filters);
• list of control points and measurement protocol for each of them;
• a list of parameters that require clarification and adjustment (humidity and air temperature, pressure in pipes, coolant flow rates);
• a method for measuring heat losses by building structures (a special act is drawn up and a certificate is issued).

After the completion of all commissioning works, complex testing and regime tests, a commissioning report is drawn up with the relevant annexes (a list of mechanisms and equipment on which adjustment and testing was carried out).

The technical report of the involved specialized organization issues, as a rule, within one month.

Mar
2017

Commissioning is a series of activities to prepare the equipment for launch, check the assembly according to factory schemes and trial testing functioning of all systems. Specialists have developed a specific scheme of actions for testing the technological complex, which is summarized by the term « commissioning methodology ».

All work is carried out strictly in accordance with the project plan of the facility. One of the important points during the commissioning phase is to test the main equipment systems under above-average load conditions and their response to critical conditions. Successful start-up and adjustment works testify to the further efficiency of production and safe operation of the equipment.

List of NDP works

Important points in the methodology for commissioning are the following requirements:

• All specialists and heads of the commission participating in commissioning work, must be highly qualified, trained and pre-certified to test knowledge in the relevant field of technology;
• Commissioning starts only AFTER the issuance of a permit, issued in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, to start work;
• All measuring instruments and materials used must be checked;
• Equipment adjustment starts after the equipment acceptance certificate is signed by the members of the working commission, taking into account the schedule and cost of work;

It consists of 3 items:

Introductory part. Familiarization with the theory and available documents for the future installation and its location. It is necessary to study the features of the model of the selected equipment, technical data, etc. The contractor creates a preliminary program of activities for commissioning.

Prepractical part. Adjustment of equipment, regulation of modes, verification of communications, control of control systems, automation and signaling.

Individual testing. At this stage, each system is tested in isolation from the others in order to avoid emergencies, leaks, breakdowns, etc. Produced necessary measurements, measurements, calculation of coefficients.

Commissioning. First idle without manufacturing finished products. If the trial run is successful, the installation is tested further under load.

Preparation of a final report on the work carried out with the results of testing, detected and eliminated defects and information about the functioning of the tested equipment.