How to take readings from the heating meter. Taking readings from a heat meter is a necessary procedure for monitoring energy consumption

Answers to search queries of site visitors: how to take readings from a heat meter, how to take readings from a heat meter correctly, how heat is calculated from a heat meter. Let's take a look at 2 options:

a) You take readings yourself, manually, i.e. just overwrite the values ​​in .

Now there is no need for this (if only for your own complacency). New - the accounting journal was canceled. Is this good or bad. It is good that the quality of heat meters has increased so much that there is no need to keep a log, all data can be read at any time directly from the heat meter directly or via a flash drive, computer or laptop.

It is bad if you have an old heat meter. Since this year, he is outlawed, which means he will live until the next state verification, after which the heat meter will without fail will have to be replaced.

If you still want to take readings, for yourself, for this, manually study the operating manual for your heat meter - the heat meter maintenance section, or the operating instructions - a mandatory application to the heat metering unit project.

Moreover, the readings must be taken at the same time. You can set the pick-up time yourself, as you wish, we recommend the morning hours. accounting and is also a mandatory annex to the project.

What values ​​for removal are required depends on the specific node. As a rule, this is the temperature in the supply and return pipelines, the flow rate of the coolant in the supply and return pipelines is better in (t), the amount of heat energy received - the value can be in any units - Gcal, MW, kJ.

On counters domestic production these values ​​look like this - Gcal; MW; kJ; imported kW (kWh-current); MW; MJ or GJ.

For heating networks, it's all the same. They themselves will recalculate into Gcal. For verification, I recommend downloading or remembering that 1 Gcal is 1.163 MW (MW) or 4.187 GJ (GJ). The last mandatory value is the operating time of the meter or operating time.

b) You take the evidence yourself, (the rules do not prohibit this) with the help of technical means- cumulative remote control, printer, laptop. The most acceptable for you is, of course, the printer - with it you will make the least mistakes.

How to shoot is again in the "instructions" - an appendix to the project. I would certainly recommend you to hire specialists. Why - .

If you hire specialists, for control, put a small notebook in the shield with a heat meter, where they will record for you the date of taking readings and the amount of thermal energy at the time of taking them. This is your requirement to voice in advance, before the conclusion of the contract, otherwise they have every right to refuse.

Analyzing the records of readings, you can easily control the amount billed to you for heat by thermal networks. And it is imperative that they themselves transfer their testimony to heating network otherwise why do you need them. As my first master said, even a monkey can do such work if it is taught to press buttons.

And a final note, never try to save heat by cheating. At modern methods control, everything is very easy to control. Punishment court costs and payment of five times the amount. This is the best economy.

How to correctly take readings of a kwh meter manufactured in 1985;

Read a little higher - section "a". I would recommend replacing the heat meter of 1985, because already in 1995, after the release of the rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant, it ceased to comply with them, and it does not comply with the new rules all the more, and the worst thing is that it is unknown what.

Based on operating experience, heat meters of 1998-99 do not pass state verification - they do not correspond to the declared parameters due to wear. Although there are individuals, the pressure gauges of 1961 pass the state verification without additional adjustments, and the new ones from the box do not pass it. It all depends on the manufacturer.

How is heat calculated?

The amount of received thermal energy is calculated in Gcal. It is accepted for calculation by thermal networks in any values ​​- it can be - Gcal, MW, kJ, GJ.

On counters of domestic production, these values ​​look like this - Gcal; MW; kJ; imported kW; MW; MJ or GJ. For heating networks, in what quantities you will transfer the data anyway. They themselves will recalculate into Gcal.

1 Gcal is 1.163 MW (MW) or 4.187 GJ (GJ).

Saving heat with the help of UUTE.

Is an SRO (old license) required for the installation of heat meters;

Yes, the answer is clear. In addition, the specialists of the company installing the devices are required to have initial training and valid certification in the technical supervision bodies. Therefore, if you are a manager concluding a contract, check the certification documents with the contractor in advance. Otherwise, your heat meter will never become commercial.

How to install a heat meter yourself;
Do I have the right to install a heat meter myself;

As follows from the above, it is impossible, and moreover, I do not advise you to undertake it. The rules for installing heat meters from different manufacturers are very different from each other. Even if you are a heating engineer, metrologist, instrumentation engineer, welder, electrician, plumber, all rolled into one, which is unlikely, you will have to remember or study all the rules, GOSTs, SNiPs and also installation manuals for this heat meter. The cost of services in this market has now fallen. And the area of ​​heat supply is so complex that sometimes even specialists lack knowledge and experience. My personal opinion is that it is high time for us to forget the communist times and earn money where we work. Thankfully it's not banned now. No offense. I myself am like you. Brought up in communist times, I know how to do everything better than modern "specialists". Why do kids always scold me.

How are heat meter readings calculated?

The following is taken into account:
- the amount of thermal energy received by the heat meter.
- the amount of heat spent on feeding the heating system, if there was a leak in the heating system. In this case, the possible error of the flow meters and the permitted normative leakage of water from the heating system must be taken into account.
- loss of thermal energy to metering devices in accordance with the contract.
These data are summarized and multiplied by the cost of 1 Gcal.

How to check if the payment for heat according to the heat meter is correctly calculated;

Calculate the difference, the value of Q is the amount of heat energy consumed between the last and penultimate reporting dates. Since, for example, if it were an electric meter.
Convert your heat meter readings to Gcal.
To do this, if you have Q in MW, multiply by 0.8598; if in GJ, multiply by 0.2388, you will get the value in Gcal.
Add the amount of contractual losses, if any. Losses should be stipulated in the contract and painted by months.
Multiply the amount of heat received by the cost of 1 Gcal.
If this value differs from the one set for you, check if you have had any water leakage from the heating system. To do this, look at the consumption readings, parameter G in (t) as well as in the case of Q by reporting dates. If the data does not differ by more than 2%, (for closed systems heating), in some heat networks they accept 4%, 2% error of one flow meter, 4%, respectively, of 2 flow meters - flow meters are devices that count the amount of water that has passed through your heating or hot water supply system. If they differ, it means that you have been charged an additional cost for drawing water from the heating system.
It is considered so. The amount of water withdrawal, (taking into account the error of the instruments) in (t) is multiplied by the temperature difference between the return pipe and the temperature cold water for this period. Get the value in Gcal, which is added to the heat you consumed. Data is usually rounded to whole numbers, the remainder is carried over to the next reporting period.
Checked, you can now go argue or sleep peacefully. I'm always in control, because errors are common, both through the fault of people and the fault of programmers writing programs for reports.

When using apartment heat meters, you can significantly reduce heating costs. All this happens not only due to more accurate accounting of consumed heat, but also due to the fact that the consumer is interested in more economical use of thermal energy. He begins to regulate the flow of coolant through his heater in the apartment, as well as to insulate walls, windows, etc.

Sometimes the benefit is obvious and the heat meter pays off in a matter of months, but the opposite often happens when the amount of energy consumed by the meter is more than normative indicators. We will talk about how to choose the right counter and the need to install it in this article.

• What you should pay attention to and whether it is worth installing a counter.
• What to Consider When Deciding to Install a Meter
• Registering a heat meter
• How to take readings correctly?
• You decide to install a meter, what should you be guided by when choosing an installation organization

What you should pay attention to and whether it is worth installing a counter.

The operation of the heating meter is based on a very simple calculation. To produce it, you only need to know the temperature difference between the supply and return pipelines, as well as the flow rate of the coolant that has passed through the meter. The temperatures at the supply and return are taken using thermal converters, there is no difference between the meters, but according to the heat carrier, flow meters may differ. So on sale you can find electromagnetic, ultrasonic and tachometric. The simplest and, accordingly, the cheapest type of them is the tachometric (mechanical) type of flow meters, although it is inferior in terms of ultrasonic indicators, but due to its cost, it is no less popular, and maybe even more.

The cost of installing a heating meter can be within 20 thousand rubles. It all depends on the type of the selected meter required for installation. stop valves, filters, as well as prices for their services to the organization that installs the meter.

In addition to installation, you must remember that once every 4 years, you will have to carry it for verification to a specialized company that has these powers. All verification periods are recorded in the documents for the meter. By the way, do not forget to check the documents themselves during installation: passport and certificate.

What to Consider When Deciding to Install a Meter

Depending on your heating system wiring diagram, some difficulties may arise. So at horizontal pattern wiring, it will be enough for you to put one meter at the entrance of the heating pipes to the apartment, but what if you have a vertical circuit. I have a vertical layout in my apartment and 4 risers of heating pipes, and it turns out that when installing a heat meter, I will have to install a meter for each heater. Naturally, this option is not profitable, but not everything is so bad. Manufacturers of heat meters produce distributors that measure the flow rate of the coolant based on the difference between the surface temperature of the heating device and the temperature of the indoor air. The cost of this equipment, together with the installation, will be approximately from 3 to 7 thousand rubles, it all depends on the configuration of the equipment.

Registering a heat meter

Personally, it is impossible to put a heating meter. Since before installation it is necessary to take specifications at the heat supply organization, then prepare a project, coordinate it, install and put the heat metering unit into operation. These tasks will be completely performed for you by a certain organization that will install a turnkey heat meter. You will only have to calculate the savings in thermal energy, and with it your money.

How to take readings correctly?

Everything happens by analogy with taking readings from the accounting counter electrical energy. The amount of heat energy consumed is the difference between the indications for the current month and the previous one.

You decide to install a meter, what should you be guided by when choosing an installation organization

• The company must have the entire list of documents for this species works and have information about yourself in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (Unified State Register of Legal Entities).
• It is best if the organization completes the entire list of works, since it will also be fully responsible for all the work.
• Departure of a specialist to the place, during which he will offer a possible complete set thermal node. Most likely it will be free for you.
• Possible guarantees for work
• Benefits for certain categories of the population
• Service maintenance
• Terms of work and payment by installments

Video about heat energy meters.

That's basically all the necessary information according to the heating meter. I would just like to add that in addition to apartment meter heat, you can install a common house, it will cost more, but you will not be the only one to collect money for its payment.

A heat meter is a device for recording the consumed heat carrier, which is currently very profitable, as it allows you to save money by paying only for the consumed heat, eliminating overpayment.

The important point is right choice type of device depending on the place of installation and design features heating networks, as well as the conclusion of an agreement with a service organization that will control technical condition devices.

There are many models of heat meters that differ in design and size, but the principle of how the heating meter works remains the same as on the simplest device that measures the temperature and water flow at the inlet and outlet of the heat supply pipeline. Differences appear only in engineering approaches to solving this issue.

The operation of the heat meter is based on the principle of calculating the amount of heat using data taken from a coolant flow sensor and a pair of temperature sensors. There is a measurement of the amount of water that has passed through the heating system, as well as the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet.

The amount of heat is calculated by the product of the flow rate of water passing through heating system, and the temperature difference between the incoming and outgoing coolant, which is expressed by the formula

Q \u003d G * (t 1 -t 2), gcal/h, in which:

• G – mass flow water, t/h;
• T1,2- temperature indicators of water at the inlet and outlet of the system, o C.

All data from the sensors are sent to the calculator, which, after processing them, determines the value of heat consumption and records the result in the archive. The value of the consumed heat is displayed on the display of the device and can be taken from any moment.

What affects the accuracy of the heat meter

Techem compact V

A heat meter, like any precision device, has a certain total error when measuring consumed heat, which is the sum of the errors of temperature sensors, a flow meter and a calculator. In apartment accounting, devices are used that have an allowable error of 6-10%. The actual error rate may exceed the base one, depending on the technical characteristics of the components.

The increase in the indicator is determined by the following factors:

1. The amplitude of the incoming and outgoing coolant temperature, which less than 30 o C.
2. Violations during installation in relation to the requirements of the manufacturer (when installed by an unlicensed organization, the manufacturer withdraws warranty obligations from it).
3. Inadequate quality of pipes, hard water used in the coolant, and the presence of mechanical impurities in it.
4. At a coolant flow rate below minimum value, indicated in technical specifications devices.

How is heat consumed measured?

It is customary to calculate the tariff for consumed heat in gigacalories. The unit of measurement refers to non-systemic, and has been traditionally used since the existence of the USSR. Appliances made in Europe calculate the consumed heat in GigaJoules (SI), or a generally accepted international non-systemic unit kWh (kWh).

Types of heat meters

All heating meters available for purchase are divided into the following types:

• Tachometric or mechanical

It measures the amount of coolant that has passed through the section of the pipe using a rotating part. The active part of the device can be screw, turbine or in the form of an impeller.
The devices are affordable and easy to use. Weak side similar devices - sensitivity to dirt and settling inside the mechanism of dirt, rust, and to water hammer. For this, a special magnetic mesh filter is provided in the design. Also, the devices are not able to store the data collected per day.

• Ultrasonic

More commonly used as a general counter apartment building. It has varieties:

1. frequency,
2. temporal,
3. doppler,
4. correlation.
   It works on the principle of generating ultrasound passing through water.

The signal is generated by the transmitter and picked up by the receiver after passing through the water column. Guarantees high measurement accuracy only with sufficient purity of the coolant.

• Electromagnetic

Differs in high accuracy of indications and cost. The operation of the device is based on the principle of passing through the coolant flow magnetic field, which reacts to its state. The device needs periodic maintenance and cleaning. It consists of a primary converter, an electronic unit and temperature sensors.

• Vortex

It works on the principle of measuring the number and speed of vortices. It is not sensitive to clogging, but reacts to the appearance of air in the system. The device is installed in horizontal position between two pipes.

How to present evidence correctly

An apartment heat meter is functionally much simpler than a modern one. mobile phone, but users periodically have misunderstandings about the process of taking and sending display readings.

To prevent such situations, before starting the procedure for taking and transferring readings, it is recommended to carefully study his passport, which provides answers to most questions related to the characteristics and maintenance of the device.

Depending on the design features of the device, data collection is carried out in the following ways:

1. From the liquid crystal display by visual fixation of readings from various sections of the menu, which are switched by the button.
2. ORTO transmitter, which is included in the basic package of European devices. The method allows you to display on a PC and print extended information about the operation of the device.
3. M-bus module is included in the delivery of individual meters in order to connect the device to the network of centralized data collection by heat supply organizations. So, a group of devices is combined into a low-current network with a twisted pair cable and connected to a hub that periodically polls them. After that, a report is generated and delivered to heat supply organization or displayed on the computer display.
4. Radio module, supplied with some meters, transmits data wirelessly over a distance of several hundred meters. When the receiver enters the range of the signal, the readings are recorded and delivered to the heat supply organization. So, the receiver is sometimes attached to a garbage truck, which, when following the route, collects data from nearby counters.

Archiving readings

All electronic heat meters store in the archive data on the accumulated indicators of thermal energy consumption, operating and idle time, coolant temperature in the forward and return pipelines, total time developments and error codes.

By default, the instrument is set to various modes archiving:

• hourly;
• daily;
• monthly;
• annual.

Some of the data, such as total operating time and error codes, can only be read using a PC and special software installed on it.

Transfer of readings via the Internet

One of the most convenient ways transmission of indications of consumed thermal energy to institutions for its accounting is transmission via the Internet. Its convenience and practicality lies in the ability to independently control payments and debts, as well as track heat consumption in different periods without staying in queues and spending a small amount of time.

To do this, you must have a personal computer connected to the network and the address of the website of the controlling organization, as well as a login and password. personal account, after entering which a form for entering readings will open. To prevent the occurrence of disagreements in the event of a possible failure or malfunction on the site, it is advisable to take “screenshots” of the screen after entering information.

Breakdowns and repairs

Maintenance of the device is limited to maintaining it in working condition, regular inspection, and avoiding causes that cause premature wear and tear. According to paragraph 80 of the Rules for the commercial accounting of the coolant, all maintenance and control of the correct operation of the meter is carried out by the consumer. On the part of the owner, he special care does not need.

lithium battery or the batteries that power the device are not suitable for reuse and should be disposed of if they fail.

If any malfunction in the operation of the metering device is detected, the consumer must notify the service company and the organization providing heat supply within 24 hours. Together with the arrived authorized employee, an act is drawn up, which is then transferred to the heat supply organization with a report on heat consumption for the corresponding period. In case of untimely notification of a breakdown, heat consumption is calculated in a standard way.

The service company will provide services to repair or replace the meter, and may install a replacement device during the repair. The cost of installation and dismantling, repair and other services is regulated by an agreement between the consumer and the service company.

Error logging

As standard, heat meters are equipped with a self-testing system that can detect inaccuracies in operation. The calculator periodically queries the sensors, and if they fail, fixes an error, assigns a code to it and writes it to the archive. The most common reported errors are:

1. Incorrect installation or damage to the temperature sensor or flow device.
2. Insufficient battery charge.
3. The presence of air in the flow path.
4. No flow if there is a temperature difference for more than 1 hour.

Removal and installation of the heating meter

Before installing a heating meter in an apartment or apartment house, specialists of specialized companies with permits for this type of work are invited. Based on the specific situation, they can take on the following obligations:

1. Develop a project.
2. Submit documents to certain authorities in order to obtain permits.
3. Install and register the device. In the absence of registration, payment for the supplied heat is made according to the established tariffs.
4. Carry out test tests and put the device into operation.

The developed project should include the following points:

1. Type and device of the model, which is designed to work in a particular heating system.
2. Necessary calculations for heat load and coolant flow.
3. Scheme of the heating system with the installation location of the heat meter.
4. Calculation possible losses heat.
5. Calculation of payment for the supply of thermal energy.

Checking heating meters

As a rule, a quality device arrives at the point of sale initially tested. The procedure is carried out at the factory, which is evidenced by a stamp with a record corresponding to the record in the documentation. In addition, the documents indicate the calibration interval.

After the expiration of this period, the owner of the device must contact service center manufacturer or an organization authorized to check and install the meter. There are companies that, after installing the device, are engaged in its maintenance.

Periodic confirmation of the metrological class, or in a word, verification, is carried out by a specialized company that has pouring installations, as well as a permit issued by the metrological supervision authorities.

The calibration period depends on the type of device, and averages 4-5 years.

For this purpose, a metrologist is called, seals are removed, a specialist from a service organization dismantles the meter and sends it for verification. After checking and reassembly, the device is sealed.

A heating meter is a device for accounting for thermal energy, which allows you to save money by paying only for the actually consumed service. Failure to comply with the conditions below will lead to the inability to pay for heat according to the meter readings.

For the correct and long-term operation of the device, it is important to choose the type of meter, which must be present in the state register of measuring instruments acceptable for use, and also have metrological certification in the appropriate authority.

The device is installed by an enterprise licensed to carry out such work.

Earlier, an article was published on our website about what the “Heat Consumption Parameter Accounting Sheet” is. In it, we set out in sufficient detail what parameters fixes heat meter in this statement, and what malfunctions of the heat metering unit (UUTE) can be determined by analyzing the "printout" with metering device. In this article, we will consider how the above statement can be extracted from the meter using the example of a VIS.T brand heat meter. There are at least 4 main ways to transfer readings from a meter to a consumer:

1. By direct printing to a printer. To do this, a specially configured printer must be connected to the LPT connector on the heat meter's computing unit. Printing is started from heat meter menu.
2. Using a specialized data transfer adapter.
3. ASUPR or other dispatching system. To do this, the UUTE must be equipped with a modem that performs remote data transmission via GSM, Ethernet or another data transfer protocol.
4. Taking readings on a computer.

The first three methods described involve the installation of additional specialized equipment, and quite expensive. Each of these methods has its own advantages with a certain set of factors, such as: the number of objects, their geographical location, the diversity of the fleet of metering devices used. In order to optimally select the equipment configuration and not overpay for unnecessary equipment, it is better to seek advice from our specialists. If your device is not equipped additional equipment, and the readings from the device must somehow be taken, I will dwell in more detail on the fourth method of taking readings from the UUTE using a computer. This method will require minimal financial outlay, provided that the consumer has a suitable device based on the Windows operating system. So, we will need:

1. Computer (laptop, tablet or other device based on the Windows operating system). Of course, the most convenient device, from personal experience, is a small laptop.
2. In view of the fact that modern computers rarely have an RS-232 COM port on board, but are equipped with USB connectors for connecting peripheral devices, it is necessary to purchase adapterUSB- RS232 . This is cheaper than a printer or data transfer adapter.

In our case, this is MOXA USB Serial Port (COM1). Next, install and run the Lexx program. Click File / Program Settings. In the window that opens, select the Communication port. In our case, this is COM1, respectively. The communication port speed must be set to the same as specified in the heat meter settings. Most often there are devices with a speed setting of 9600, but a different data transfer rate can be set up to 57600. In order not to start receiving data every time in manual mode, I recommend checking the box “Accept protocols automatically” and save the settings by pressing the OK key. In the device menu, open the settings, check the data output "Modem" connect adapter RS-232 port connector to the “modem” connector on the heat meter. Make sure the baud rate matches the setting in the program on your computer. Save the settings in the device.

Then go to instrument print menu, select the period for which you want to generate statement. Verify that the computer displays "COM1, 9600 Bps: Waiting for data" in the lower right corner of the Lexx program window. Confirm the print sheet on the instrument. A bar should appear on the computer screen indicating that data is being transferred to the device. After the data transfer is completed (the procedure usually takes about 1 minute), the number corresponding to your device should appear in the list of devices. heat meter and a statement should appear in the right part of the program window.

It can be printed directly from the program (printer icon), or exported (blue floppy disk icon) to an RTF file that is supported by the program Microsoft Word. It looks somewhat intricate, but only at the first reading. Once you perform the procedure for setting up the device and the computer, in the future, taking readings will take no more than 2-3 minutes. If it does not work out, you can always contact our specialists who will help you configure the equipment and provide further technical support in case of any questions in the work of UUTE.