Introducing children to horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines; the number of horizontals, verticals and diagonals. Slings, strollers and stress
Often words reflect the action that follows them. So, if someone tells you that he will beat such finishing material like lining, then, my advice: run away from such a master, he is a danger to wood material.
Yes, let it be at least a lining made of plastic !!! Nailing panels is last century when protruding nail heads didn't seem so ugly, how scary they have become with the advent of hidden fasteners today!
The correct term is: laying the lining, installing the board or installing it. The quality and durability of your repair depends on the correctness of the installation process, regardless of whether the lining is mounted vertically or horizontally.
So, in this article I will answer the questions:
Photo 1. Installation of eurolining vertically
- What is the best way to lay the lining vertically or horizontally?
This question is often asked by our customers. The answer will depend on what goal you want to achieve:
Photo 3. Angarsk pine lining installed horizontally
For the best visual effect, there are two types of fasteners, both of them are hidden, these are wood screw and screw with a special design, because ordinary self-tapping screws often split pieces of wood:
Everything is basically simple here.
For interior decoration use a dry, planed bar 30/40; 20/40; 20/30 and other small sections.
Photo 7. Lathing on the attic ceiling
The placement of the crate usually occurs in increments of 0.5 meters. In order for the logs to stand up straight, use the building level.
For installation, you can use ordinary screws. I do not recommend black ones, they break easily, it is better to take yellow ones.
IMPORTANT!!! If you are going to mount the lining vertically, then the crate is installed horizontally, and if the lining is mounted horizontally, then the lags should be the other way around.
Photo 8. Horizontal ceiling lathing
The use of wood in baths and saunas requires from the panels not only a beautiful appearance, but also qualities such as low density and lack of resin.
It doesn’t matter if the lining in the sauna is installed vertically or horizontally - this is a matter of taste. It is important that it be made of linden or cedar.
Photo 9
Photo 10. Sauna from cedar lining grade AB
plastic material in the bath?- No, absolutely not, if you are not an enemy to your health. The design of such premises should be only high-quality, environmentally friendly wood panels.
Online store "LesoBirzha" will help you with the choice of material, experienced consultants will tell you how to mount it correctly, select fasteners, and our teams of carpenters will save you from the problems associated with installing the lining, whether vertically or horizontally, I repeat, this is both a matter of your taste and design tasks that You decide with a repair.
Can the layout method affect the design of the bathroom? Yes, but only if the intermediate seams stand out against the background of the tiles or the tiles alternate various shades. For example, if the tile is black and the grout is white, the direction of the layout becomes obvious and to some extent affects visual perception rooms.
In the case when the seams are barely visible, there is virtually no difference in the vertical and horizontal layout.
how to lay tiles horizontally or vertically
No effect is produced by a large tile close to square with a minimum difference in width from length. At various ways layouts of similar tiles, it will look about the same.
How does the tiling method affect the interior?
The vertical layout of the tiles with contrasting seams visually makes the room appear taller while narrowing it down. Horizontal, on the contrary, expands the bathroom, making it lower.
To support the effect, accent inserts from tiles or other decor are often added to the finishing scheme. For example, make one or more horizontal rows to visually expand the bathroom. Vertical inserts can make the ceiling higher.
In addition, the stripes allow you to smooth out the effect of the tile layout. For example, if vertical direction is preferred, several horizontal stripes needs to be contrasted. As a result, the vertical layout of the tile will narrow the room, but the horizontal insert will soften this effect. At the same time, the bathroom will not become either narrow or low.
This rule also works with the reverse scheme: the tile is laid horizontally, but one or a pair of vertical inserts is added. As a result, an increase in the perimeter is obtained, both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction.
The combined layout of tiles similar to panels (white top - black bottom or vice versa) will visually enlarge the bathroom. With this finish, the way the tiles are arranged will no longer have a strong impact.
Choose: vertical or horizontal tiling?
Horizontal tile laying is more familiar to the eye, as it looks more natural. Since the standard horizontal brickwork. However, if a non-intrusive grout is used, then attention is not drawn to the location of the tile.
The horizontal arrangement of a rectangular tile may allow the use of a standard brick layout with offset seams. This will bring zest to the interior.
horizontal or vertical tiling
If the room is very small, and the tiles are elongated enough, horizontal laying will look unsightly due to the large number of "pieces". It is better to position it vertically and apply a grout that blends with the tile.
The narrowest fragments are stacked only horizontally.
To finish the screen under the bath structure itself, it is better to choose tiles of such dimensions that it does not need to be cut in height. Here the laying method is subject to the rule of practicality, and not the visual component.
If you cannot decide which method you like, then you can combine both layout options. For example, on one part of the bathroom, apply vertical laying tiles, on the opposite - horizontal. Both visual effects will balance each other, which will lead the interior to harmony.
Horizontal, horizontal, horizontal - all these words denote the position of an object or any object, including a living one, described in figuratively, in relation to the ground. If you look from some distance at a random accumulation of objects, you can see that the objects turn into horizontal chains, in the end - into horizontal lines.
Consider examples, what does it mean horizontally?
- We look into the distance - we see the horizon. Where is the horizon line? Horizontally. What? Earth.
- We lay down to rest - accepted horizontal position. What position is our body in? In horizontal. In relation to what? To the sofa. To the floor. To the ground.
- Reading a letter or a book. How are the lines arranged? Horizontally. Regarding what?
- A bird is flying horizontally. What? Earth.
- The river flows horizontally. What? Earth.
Here we can give a lot of examples, but now it is clear that horizontal means the parallel position of lines, objects, objects or structures in relation to the ground or another object (object, structure), but which must be located necessarily parallel again to the ground. To make it easier to imagine, what is horizontal, horizontal or horizon, henceforth we propose to focus precisely on the location of the object in relation, ultimately, to the surface of the earth.
Horizontal line
Draw a horizontal line on a piece of paper. If a sheet of paper lies on the table - the sheet is located horizontally. Line drawing is done on the left right or right to left - a horizontal line is drawn. You can draw anything on the sheet: vertical lines (top to bottom or bottom to top), diagonal, any pattern. In this case, the sheet is still horizontal. What? Table. Semi. The lower floor of the house. Earth.
The horizontal is the most familiar of all, the baseline. In any sense, it serves as the basis of any composition. Even its visual heaviness recalls that horizontal surface there is a fundamental holding base. It is parallel to the earth. No wonder the image of a horizontal line expresses weight, calmness, peace and stability.
Horizontal as a psychological concept
Horizontal lines in the drawings can be seen through the knowledge of psychology. Straight lines imply some kind of dividing line. A person, as a spectator, can stay outside, looking beyond it, or step over this horizon, so to speak, "step over the line." Straight and clear lines express courage and perseverance, thin and curved horizontal lines express delicacy and softness.
Horizontal - topographic definition
The simplest definition of this word can be found in numerous dictionaries and encyclopedias. different directions. Most often, this name is applied to isohypse, i.e., lines connecting points that are at the same absolute height above sea level or any other plane taken as a basis.
Here is how this concept is deciphered Encyclopedic dictionary I.A. Efron and F.A. Brockhaus:
- Horizontals - (isohypses) lines connecting points on the ground that lie at the same height above sea level or some main plane taken as the base.
- Contours - lines on a map or terrain plan obtained from the intersection of the earth's surface with horizontal planes standing at the same distance from each other.
Excerpt from the Geological Encyclopedia:
- Contours – These are lines connecting points of the same height above sea level. With the help of contour lines on topographic maps, the features of the relief of various parts of the earth's crust are displayed.
And at the end we give the text of the definition from the Technical Translator Handbook a (machine-building industry):
- Contours - lines on the surface parallel to the horizontal projection plane.
Definition in professional growth
Professionals have such a concept as career vector. Numerous and now very popular trainings on achieving results in professional activity and moving up the ladder to a successful career, bring to the table ideas that imply the growth of a person’s potential both vertically and horizontally. The vertical is understandable, stepping over the steps one after another, i.e., moving up, the individual rises vertically. What about the second option?
Here we must recall the playful principle of the Canadian teacher Peter Lawrence, which says that when climbing vertically there is a limit, that step above which a person is not able to rise. Well, there is some truth in this. But, few people agree to dwell on what he is good at. So, it makes sense to continue growth in the other direction.
Horizontal growth means the deepening of the specialist in the expert area. The individual becomes an excellent master and an unsurpassed expert in concrete form activities in a particular direction. He does his job, he has the same responsibilities, but at the same time he has mastered and applies new tools to perform the assigned tasks. Over time, his work becomes better and is performed more virtuoso, for which the professional is more appreciated by his superiors and external partners.
Another option for the development of professional activity horizontally is the transition to a parallel direction, the acquisition of new skills in it, including in many other areas. This is necessary when the company practices the rearrangement of employees from one block to another. For example, from the financial department to logistics. On the one hand, the specialist brings knowledge from other areas into this new subdivision, on the other hand, he learns new things all the time. The employee develops strongly as a person, which will certainly affect his professional qualities.
Many professionals are quite satisfied with horizontal growth and do not need vertical growth, citing such an important bonus as less responsibility. The most important thing is that in this case a person must understand in what role he will be most successful, valuable for the profession and effective for the result. This is where you need to think carefully about your steps. career ladder and be honest with yourself. Moreover, not everyone wants to be leaders.
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
two inseparable components of culture. The vertical symbolizes the energy of moving forward, creativity. a breakthrough into the unknown, new and extraordinary, original and original, which is sometimes not recognized as such by contemporaries and is misunderstood due to stereotyping, traditional thinking, prevailing species preferences and evaluative norms. The development of culture in the vertical dimension embodies the infinity of perspective and the avant-garde beginning. Pioneers cause an ambiguous attitude among the Society, their ideas and actions are often rejected by the majority in all spheres of spiritual life. One from Egypt. pharaohs was ahead of his time, expressing the idea of transition to monotheism, but did not receive wide support and understanding. Christ, preaching his creed, was betrayed and crucified. Brilliant artists, with rare exceptions, were not appreciated by their contemporaries, in accordance with their contribution to spiritual culture. Drama creative. fate is impressive and amazing. Bach received recognition after 100 years, representatives of the father. artistic the avant-garde at the beginning were also not spoiled by the attention of the public. These isolated examples from the history of culture, unfortunately, are not an exception to the rule, but rather their confirmation.
What is the horizontal in the development of cultural phenomena? In the triad “denial-doubt-affirmation”, the vertical begins to turn into a horizontal plane at the moment when a new cultural form takes root in the minds of the mass audience, i.e. at the stage of its full acceptance, when the cultural form becomes recognizable. The ratio of V. and G. in culture is a two-pronged process. Vertical - the discovery of new forms of culture, "riding into the unknown", the quintessence of a creative and productive beginning. The horizontal is a gradual process. mastering this new, turning it into the property of many, a recognizable form of culture based on the production of the known.
In addition to the above interpretation of the relationship between V. and G. in culture, one more one can be proposed, in which the vertical symbolizes the process of the temporary development of culture, its history. character, the principle of continuity, the transition of previous cultural forms or their elements into new cultural formations. So classic. antiquity became a role model in the Renaissance, classicism, and elements of the culture of the Middle Ages in the era of romanticism. The horizontal in this case can be understood as the spatial development of culture, the synchronous coexistence of decomp. local and national its forms, their interaction and mutual enrichment.
Lit.: Unknown E. Catacomb culture and official art // Sowing. Fr./M., 1979, no. 11; Berdyaev N.A. Philosophy of inequality. "M., 1990; Centaur: Ernst Neizvestny about art, literature, philosophy. M., 1992.
I. G. Khangeldieva
Culturology. XX century. Encyclopedia. 1998 .
Vertical and horizontal
two inseparable components of culture. The vertical symbolizes the energy of moving forward, creativity. a breakthrough into the unknown, new and extraordinary, original and original, which is sometimes not recognized as such by contemporaries and is misunderstood due to stereotyping, traditional thinking, prevailing species preferences and evaluative norms. The development of culture in the vertical dimension embodies the infinity of perspective and the avant-garde beginning. Pioneers cause an ambiguous attitude among the Society, their ideas and actions are often rejected by the majority in all spheres of spiritual life. One from Egypt. pharaohs was ahead of his time, expressing the idea of transition to monotheism, but did not receive wide support and understanding. Christ, preaching his creed, was betrayed and crucified. Brilliant artists, with rare exceptions, were not appreciated by their contemporaries, in accordance with their contribution to spiritual culture. Drama creative. fate is impressive and amazing. Bach received recognition after 100 years, representatives of the father. artistic the avant-garde at the beginning were also not spoiled by the attention of the public. These isolated examples from the history of culture, unfortunately, are not an exception to the rule, but rather their confirmation.
N. Bohr's well-known thought is that an idea that is distinguished by undeniable novelty goes through three stages in the process of introducing it into the public consciousness: a) this cannot be; b) perhaps there is something in it; c) is undeniably true.
What is the horizontal in the development of cultural phenomena? In the triad “denial-doubt-affirmation”, the vertical begins to turn into a horizontal plane at the moment when a new cultural form takes root in the minds of the mass audience, i.e. at the stage of its full acceptance, when the cultural form becomes recognizable. The ratio of V. and G. in culture is a two-pronged process. Vertical - the discovery of new forms of culture, "riding into the unknown", the quintessence of a creative and productive beginning. The horizontal is a gradual process. mastering this new, turning it into the property of many, a recognizable form of culture based on the production of the known.
In addition to the above interpretation of the relationship between V. and G. in culture, one more one can be proposed, in which the vertical symbolizes the process of the temporary development of culture, its history. character, the principle of continuity, the transition of previous cultural forms or their elements into new cultural formations. So classic. antiquity became a role model in the Renaissance, classicism, and elements of the culture of the Middle Ages in the era of romanticism. The horizontal in this case can be understood as the spatial development of culture, the synchronous coexistence of decomp. local and national its forms, their interaction and mutual enrichment.
I. G. Khangeldieva.
Cultural studies of the twentieth century. Encyclopedia. M.1996
Large explanatory dictionary of cultural studies.. Kononenko B.I. . 2003 .
See what "VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL" is in other dictionaries:
- (new lat. verticalis, from vertex, verticis top, top). A circle drawn mentally through the zenith and nadir and used to determine the height of the luminary and its distance from the horizon. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. ... ...
Profile; line. Ant. horizontal Dictionary of Russian synonyms. noun vertical, number of synonyms: 1 line (182) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin ... Synonym dictionary
Horizontal ... Antonym Dictionary
horizontal- I. HORIZONTAL I and, well. horizontale, German. Horisontale c. 1. A straight line parallel to the horizon plane. BASS 2. From behind the scenes, a sharp horizontal ramp with light bulbs is visible, the light is right in the eyes. Zaitsev Far 23. Always walk along the tops of the ridge ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
This term has other meanings, see Vertical (meanings). Vertical is the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. It is defined as the direction of the plumb line, that is, the direction of the gravity vector at a given location. ... ... Wikipedia
- (gr.; see horizon) 1) a straight line parallel to the plane of horizon 1; 2) horizontal lines otherwise geode isohypses, lines on geographical map, connecting points with the same height above sea level and together displaying the terrain. ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
This article is about the term from descriptive geometry. For the common name of a line on a map connecting points of the same height, see isohypse. The horizontal line in descriptive geometry, parallel to the horizontal ... ... Wikipedia
- (from lat. verticalis vertical) a conditionally figurative concept associated with the application of spatial representations to music and denoting harmonic. aspect of music. fabrics. V. refers to any simultaneous sounding of two or more sounds, ... ... Music Encyclopedia
I A straight line, the direction of which coincides with the direction of the plumb line; vertical line. Ant: horizontal II f. The hierarchical sequence of someone or something, persons, organizations, etc. from superior to inferior and vice versa. Explanatory ... ...
I A straight line parallel to the horizon plane. Ant: vertical II f. A line connecting points on a geographical map that are at the same height above sea level. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
Any building must be reliable, stable, have a structure that resists destruction, and at the same time look beautiful and spectacular.
To fulfill these requirements helps the knowledge of the basic physical laws associated with operating loads and control of the distribution of gravitational forces.
They constantly act on building elements, directed towards the center of gravity of the Earth. Under their influence, any body without support falls down from a height, moves along the shortest straight line - the vertical, coinciding with the direction of the lines of force of attraction.
This law defines the operation of two main building appliances:
- a plumb line indicating the vertical;
- level that defines the horizontal.
They are built into various modern measuring instruments and allow high-quality marking and assessment of the state of surfaces.
Principles of operation of plumb and level
When the geometry of a building under construction is checked and its design is created, it becomes necessary to control the orientation of the horizontal planes, the accuracy of the alignment of the vertical load-bearing elements. Since ancient times, people have used a plumb line and a level for this.
The device uses a weighted metal weight in the form of a balanced cylinder with a sharp cone tip, which is tied to the end of a thin and strong twine.
If you raise the reel, then the weight will hang on the cord, stretching it into a straight line indicating the direction to the center of the earth - the vertical. It remains only to evaluate the orientation of the wall on it or to mark it.
If a scale calibrated in angular units is placed near a vertically stretched cord, then it can be used to measure the deviation of building elements from the nominal parameters.
What is a level
The principle of operation of this device is based on the property of the fluidity of liquids under the influence of gravitational forces. At rest, molecules liquid substance uniformly fill all the cavities of the volume in which they are located, and on outer surface create a strict and even plane called a mirror.
It is always located in a plane perpendicular to the vertical and is called the horizon, and the line drawn on it is the horizontal.
If water is poured into a cup, it forms a mirror in the horizon plane. When we tilt our vessel at different angles, the water mirror will stably maintain its perpendicularity to the vertical.
This property is used in building levels. Their vessel is made from clear glass in the form of a cylinder and pour liquid inside, leaving some air. The inlet is hermetically sealed, and then placed sideways on a controlled plane and the parallelism of the surface of the filled water is compared horizontally with the vessel wall.
Sometimes in life situation of the entire tool, the designer may only have a bottle of vodka. With its help, it is easy to check the horizontal surface or stability on it. But, it is better to use devices with a scale in angular degrees.
It is applied on the body in uniform divisions, according to which, due to the movement of an air bubble, the angle of deviation of the building surface from the level of the horizon is determined.
Numerous devices called building levels work according to this principle.
A plumb line with a level allows you to compare the correctness of the erection of building structures and draw horizontal and vertical lines on their surfaces at the end points.
Tools for drawing precise lines
With the help of a plumb line, you can top point determine the position of the lower, located on the same vertical. But in order to draw a straight line between them, you need to apply a ruler, and draw on it with a pencil.
However, there are a number of devices that greatly facilitate such work.
Building cord impregnated with a coloring compound
This device is sold wound on a reel or placed in a special case that excludes foreign contamination. Gel, liquid or powder in a special case quickly dyes the thread to transfer color to building structure.
You will need to attach one end of the cord to starting point line (you can just involve an assistant for a couple of minutes), and then take the reel to its end and pull the thread. Then it should be taken away like a bowstring and abruptly released. The cord will beat off a clearly visible and perfectly straight segment.
In this way, you can quickly a large number of lines horizontally, vertically or on an inclined plane.
Laser level gauges
Level-drawing devices based on the use of a laser are now widely used. Most simple designs have a laser beam source, which is switched on by power supply with a built-in battery.
They have bubble levels on the body with divisions, according to which the pointer body is oriented in space, after which it turns on laser ray A that draws a line on a plane.
Even with a simple laser pointer, you can accurately draw a horizontal line on a wall. To do this, you need to put a bowl of water on a stool or table and place a floating object on it, for example, a piece of flat foam.
It remains only to put on top the usual laser pointer and direct it to one of the points of the line. Then the foam is rotated, and the light signal moves along a single horizontal level.
The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of adjusting the height level of a home-made device vertically.
More complex structures, called plane builders, laser or rotational levels or levels, have a mechanism for scanning the optical beam in one or more planes located at different angles. Professional expensive devices used for can simultaneously draw up to five planes, have various complex technical settings.
The most popular are levels that create only two perpendicular planes that can be tilted at different angles relative to the horizontal by adjusting the mounting of the body on a tripod.
They immediately draw lines for laying out tiles, creating parallel steps and railings on inclined stairs, and performing other design ideas.
The devices described in the article are not the only ones. Manufacturers of measuring equipment for construction works produce them in an expanded range with different characteristics and technical capabilities horizontal and vertical definitions.
For example, we suggest watching the principle of operation of Bosch practical laser levels in the video below. This general appliance for similar models from other companies.
Write in your comments about the devices that you use more often.