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The meaning of the word animation in a large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. computer animation

The meaning of the word ANIMATION in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

ANIMATION

Filming of successive phases of the movement of drawn or three-dimensional figures, as a result of which, when shown on the screen, the viewer is given the illusion of their movement; animation.

The object of such a shooting.

Large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. 2012

Flash animation

Flash animation is based on the keyframe animation principle. . The arrangement of key frames is done by the animator. Intermediate frames are generated by a special program. This method is the closest to traditional hand-drawn animation, only the computer takes on the role of the phaser, not a person.

The process of creating cartoons consists of several stages:

The first stage is the idea and script;

The second is the storyboard;

Third - Creating an animatic (a rough layout of the cartoon. Already on the basis of the animatic, you can judge the ongoing action. Animation is already present in the animatic, but the movements of the characters can be changed at the next stage),

The fourth and longest is Animation;

Fifth - fine outline;

Sixth - editing and assembly of the film.

Animation

Animation - multimedia technology; reproduction of a sequence of pictures, giving the impression of a moving image. The motion picture effect occurs when the video frame rate is more than 16 frames per second.

In English: animation

Synonyms: Animation

Finam Financial Dictionary.

Synonyms:

See what "Animation" is in other dictionaries:

Animation: Wiktionary has an article for "animation" Animation (from fr. animation ... Wikipedia

- (lat.). Inspiration, revival; in forensic medicine, the moment from which a fetus is considered animate. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. animation and, j. (fr. animation ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Animation Dictionary of Russian synonyms. animation noun, number of synonyms: 5 anime (7) inspirational ... Synonym dictionary

animation- and, well. animation f. cinema. Animation. Well, think, in what other cinema is such a capacious, laconic information rich artistic design of life possible? Of course, only in animation, or, as they say all over the world, in ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

animation - … Technical Translator's Handbook

ANIMATION- creating an image of a moving object, animation ... Legal Encyclopedia

A technology that allows using inanimate stationary objects to create the illusion of movement. The most popular form of animation is a series of hand-drawn images. In each following figure, the figure is presented in ... ... Collier Encyclopedia

animation- 3.1 animation (animation): Simulation of the operation of software (or a separate part of it), intended to display significant aspects of the behavior of a programmable electronic system related to the safety of buildings and structures. ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Creation on a movie screen or display screen (or TV) of moving images of stationary objects (imaginary or real). Animation in cinematography, otherwise animation, is achieved by frame-by-frame shooting of individual phases of the movement of drawn ... Encyclopedia of technology

AND; well. [from lat. anima soul]. Animation. ◁ Animated, oh, oh. A. film. * * * ANIMATION ANIMATION (eng. animation, from lat. anima soul, life), displaying on the screen a sequence of slightly different images created by means of ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

Animation from Alex to Z, or All Inclusive, Alexander Novgorodtsev. This is an exciting story about the adventures of a brave Russian animator on the coast of Kemer, armed with a dash of arrogance, a set of swimming trunks and a magic mantra. The depth of the described events ... electronic book
Animation and multimedia between tradition and innovation. Materials of the V International scientific-practical conference "Animation as a phenomenon of culture". October 7-8, 2009, Moscow, Authors team. The collection contains reports of the participants of the V International scientific and practical conference "Animation as a phenomenon of culture", affecting topical issues of the development of domestic and world…

Animation(from English animation) - an artificial representation of movement in cinema, on television or in computer graphics by displaying a sequence of drawings or frames at a frequency that ensures a holistic visual perception of images. The concept of animation comes from animate. Animate literally means "to give life"; animation - the movement of something (or the impression that something is moving) that cannot move by itself.
Animation, unlike video, which uses continuous motion, uses many independent drawings. The synonym for "animation" - "animation" - is very widespread in our country. Animation and animation are just different definitions of the same art form. The more familiar term for us comes from the Latin word "multi" - a lot and corresponds to the traditional technology of drawing reproduction, because in order for the hero to "come to life", you need to repeat his movement many times: from 10 to 30 drawn frames per second.
But still, the professional definition of "animation" adopted in the world (translated from the Latin "anima" - soul, "animation" - revival, animation) most accurately reflects all the modern technical and artistic possibilities of animated cinema, because animation masters are not just they bring their heroes to life, and put a piece of their soul into their creation.

History of animation
The first attempts to capture movement in drawings are attributed to Paleolithic cave drawings, where animals were depicted with many legs overlapping each other. In Shahr-i Sokhta (Iran), an earthen vessel was found, whose age is estimated at 5000 years. There are 5 images of a goat in motion on the walls of the vessel. Drawings were also found in Egypt (attributed to 2000 BC). There were statements that these drawings should be called the first examples of animation, however, this is not entirely correct, since there was no equipment capable of showing these drawings in motion.
The first mention of such devices dates back to the second century AD - they invented it in China (about 180 AD, the inventor was Ding Huan). In the XVIII century. were invented and became the first popular devices for playing animation, and. The phenakistoscope uses a set of rotating slits to show the viewer a sequence of images by placing two discs rotating together on the same axis; one disk has slots, the other has images. The observer is looking along the axis of rotation, so that the slits pass in front of his eyes, and can see the sequence of images from another disk. A praxinoscope uses a set of rotating mirrors inside a large cylinder with images facing towards the mirrors. The mirrors are arranged in such a way that they show images to the observer.
Animation, like any other art form, has its own history. For the first time, the principle of inertia of visual perception, which underlies animation, was demonstrated in 1828 by the Frenchman Paul Roget. The object of the demonstration was a disk, on one side of which there was an image of a bird, and on the other - a cage. During the rotation of the disc, the audience created the illusion of a bird in a cage.
The first real practical way to create animation came from Thomas A. Edison's creation of the camera and projector.
As early as 1906, a short film called Humorous Phases of Funny Faces was created. The author made a drawing on the board, photographed, erased, and then again drew, photographed and erased ...
A real revolution in the world of animation was made (1901-1966), an American director, artist and producer.
In 1923, he released the series "Alice in the Land of Cartoons". In 1928 - the sound cartoon "Steamboat Willie" with the hero Mickey Mouse. Later, the duckling Donald Duck appeared, who won the love of all the children of the world. Disney has received 12 Oscars for their work.
In Japan, the first experiments with animation began in 1913, and as early as 1917, animated films with a length of 1 to 5 minutes appeared. These films were made by single artists who tried to generalize and reshape the experience of American and European animators. Thus, the Japanese style of animation called "anime" was born. In the 20s. anime was a film adaptation of classic Chinese and Japanese fairy tales, drawn in the style of traditional Japanese graphics. The most famous animators of this time are Shimokawa Dekoten, Kochi Junichi, Chinano Seitaro, Yamamoto Sanae, Murata Yasuji and Ofuji Noboru, who cut his characters out of paper (silhouette animation).
In 1932, the first Japanese animation studio was established, and in 1933, the first animated sound film was made.
In 1943, by decision of the government, the first Japanese full-length animated film "Momotaro, the Sea Eagle" was shot.
Japanese animation in the 60s and 70s associated with the name, which had a significant impact on the formation of the principles of construction of Japanese animation and greatly pushed the boundaries of acceptable topics and the composition of the audience. Thus, in the 70s, anime entered an already established commercial art, much more popular in Japan than any other national animation in its homeland. At the same time, almost all major major anime projects were television series.
In Russia, Japanese films such as "Sally the Witch", "Puss in Boots", "Ghost Ship", "The Adventure of Maya the Bee", "Conan the Boy from the Future" and others were shown on TV at different times.
Since 1969, at Soyuzmultfilm, Kotyonochkin has been creating a serial film "Well, wait a minute!"

Animation Creation Technologies
Currently, there are various technologies for creating animation:

(traditional) animation represents an alternate change of drawings, each of which is drawn separately. This is a very time-consuming process, as the animators have to create each frame separately.

(puppet) animation. Objects placed in space are fixed by a frame, after which their position is changed and fixed again.

Sprite animation implemented using a programming language.

Transformation of one object into another by generating a specified number of intermediate frames.

color animation- when it changes only the color, not the position of the object.

3 D-animation created using special programs (for example, 3D MAX). Pictures are obtained by rendering the scene, and each scene is a set of objects, light sources, textures.

(Motion Capture) - the first direction of animation, which makes it possible to convey natural, realistic movements in real time. Sensors are attached to the live actor at locations that will be aligned with the control points of the computer model for motion input and digitization. The actor's coordinates and orientation in space are transmitted to the graphics station, and the animation models come to life.
There are two main approaches to measurement: electromagnetic sensors and optical tags. The motion capture method is used to animate virtual models of people (or aliens, as in the movie Avatar) in the modern film industry.

Sources used
1. cgm.computergraphics.ru.
2. en.wikipedia.org.
3. 24ikt.ru.

In the first lesson of the Basic Actionscript 3.0 Animation Basics mini-course, you will learn about:

What is animation
How to achieve the illusion of movement with frames
About the possibilities of frame-by-frame animation
About the features and benefits of software animation

Adobe Flash is, in fact, a kind of animation machine. Already in his very first versions, he created it using the Tween concept. It consists of the following:

two keyframes with different content are created on the timeline (positions of objects, their shape, color, etc. are changed);
Flash creates all intermediate (transitional) frames on its own (Fig. 1).

Here's what it looks like in Adobe Flash CS6.

But, this lesson and course in general is not only about Tween, but about a powerful language that is built into Flash and is called ActionScript. By studying it, you will learn a lot of useful and practical, especially in sections such as imitation of physical phenomena of the real world and mathematical calculations. Obviously, this kind of knowledge will give you complete control when creating interactive applications that you could never achieve with Tween alone.

But before we get into specific tricks, techniques, and formulas that will help you animate objects with ActionScript, let's take a closer look at the idea of animation, some of its basic techniques and how they are used in it, and how to make it more interesting. and, most importantly, dynamic.

What is animation?

So what exactly is animation? The definition of this concept can be found in many dictionaries. Here, for example, is one of them, which Wikipedia gives:

Translated into common language animation means movement. If we expand this definition a bit, we can say that animation is change over time. This is especially true for visual (visible) changes. Movement is a change in position in time.. At one point in time, the object was in one place, and a minute later in another. Theoretically, he was also at intermediate points between the start and end as time progressed.

But an object doesn't have to change its position to be considered animated. He can simply change his outer form. In the 90s (it's scary to say, the last century!) Computer programs were popular that did morphing.

For example, you have two pictures: a girl and a tiger. The program creates a smooth transition / animation between them (morphing).

This flash video was created using Sqirlz Morph 2.1

When morphing, an object can also change its size or location. For example, in this way you can create the illusion of a growing tree, a spinning ball, or a change in the color of an object.

Animation timing is an important concept.

Without visible movement or change, there is no animation, and therefore no sense of time for the viewer!

You have probably seen many times shooting a camera that does not show any movement, for example, an empty room or a cityscape.

In such a situation, it is difficult to say what is in front of you: an ordinary photo or a video clip. As you watch, you suddenly notice small changes in the frame: a slight movement, a change in the flow of light, or a shadow moving. Even such small changes clearly tell you that time is running out and if you continue to watch, something else may change. If there are no changes during the next period of time, then it will again seem to you that you are looking at a photograph. Therefore, the absence of time in the frame means that the picture will be unchanged.

All of the above brings us to a very important conclusion: animation, movement cause us visual interest.

Everyone remembers the painting by Leonardo da Vinci "Mona Lisa" - a masterpiece of painting, one of the most famous paintings in world art history.

It can be assumed with a high degree of probability that the average person will get bored after just a few minutes of inspection and will very soon start looking for the next object to “study”. But, start showing him the latest Hollywood blockbuster and he won't notice how a couple of hours fly by. That's the power of animation!

How to create the illusion of movement in frame-by-frame animation

Let's go back for a second to the definition of animation we saw above:

Animation is a technique for creating the illusion of moving images (movement and / or changing the shape of objects - morphing) using a sequence of still images (frames) that replace each other with a certain frequency.

The authors of such definitions are forced to introduce the word illusion into them. It often happens that only the illusion of movement exists in those types of art or media that we encounter in life. So here is the time to introduce the concept of frames.

Theoretically, all kinds of visual animation use frames - a sequence of pictures or photographs quickly shown to the viewer in order to simulate movement or change.

What you see on a computer screen, TV or in a movie theater is based on frames. It all started with the first animated films, where individual pictures were drawn on sheets of transparent film, and the first films, where the same technique was used to show a series of photographs.

The concept is simple: you are shown a sequence of pictures, one after the other, that are slightly different, and your brain stitches them together into a single moving picture.

Then why should we call it the illusion of movement?

If you see a girl walking down the street on your monitor screen, is that not movement? Of course, this is only an image of a girl, and not a real object, but this is not the main reason why we consider such movement an illusion.

Remember, I talked about an object that at one point in time is in one place, and a minute later in another? At the same time, I said that it moves in real space. This is the only kind of movement we can call real. Objects move in space smoothly, and not in jumps, as happens in all types of frame-by-frame animation. In them, the object does not move from one place to another; he disappears and then reappears elsewhere in the next frame. The faster he moves, the longer such jumps.

If I showed you a photo of a girl in one place, and a few seconds later another photo with the same girl in a different place, you would say that these were two photos, not an animation.

If I showed you some photos of her in the process of moving, you would still say that this is just a series of photos.

If I were to show you a number of photographs fairly quickly, it wouldn't change the fact that they are still photographs, but you would begin to perceive them differently.

Your brain would see them as a moving girl. In fact, such a representation is no different from the first two photographs, i.e. there is no real movement in them, but at a certain moment the brain gives up and buys into this illusion. Naturally, this effect has been very well studied in the film industry.

After the research, it was found that at the display speed 24 fps, the viewer perceives them as a single moving picture. If you show more slowly, then the image begins to irritately “jump” and the illusion of movement is destroyed. If you speed up to 50 frames per second, then this will not add realism to the image (although in software animation, when the viewer interacts with the picture, the response will be faster and the movement of objects at high speeds will be more “smooth”).

The frame concept makes three things possible:

storage
transfer
and show

Obviously you can't store, share and then show a real girl walking down the street, but you can store an image/photo of her or a series of them and then share and show them. Thus, you have the ability to play animation almost always and everywhere, with access to saved photos and the ability to show them.

It is time to give a more general definition of a frame. Up to this point, when talking about him, we had in mind a photograph, a picture or a drawing. Now let's count like this: a frame is a record of the system at a specific point in time.

This system can be:

a landscape photograph you took from your own window;
a collection of virtual objects (the record, in this case, would be their shape, size, color, location, etc. at a certain point in time. Thus, your movie would turn from a series of pictures into a series of records of picture descriptions. Instead of just show a picture, the computer takes such a description, creates a picture from it and then shows it);
frames containing certain programs.

Frame programming

Because the computer can do the calculations on the fly, you can avoid a long list of frame descriptions. You can simplify things by describing only the first frame and setting rules for creating all subsequent frames.. Now the computer does not just create a picture from the description, but:

first creates a description,
then generates an image based on this description
and at the end shows this picture.

Just imagine how much space you could save using this approach! Pictures always take up a decent amount of disk space and network bandwidth. And 24 pictures per second can become simply “unbearable”. If you can reduce everything to a single description and definition of rules, you have the opportunity to reduce the file size hundreds of times.

In 90 cases out of 100, even the largest program with rules for how objects should move and interact takes up less space than one medium-sized picture. Therefore, one of the first effects that was noted when studying software animation is its economical in terms of file size.

There is definitely a compromise. If your system starts to grow and the rules get more and more complex, then the computer has to spend more and more resources processing each subsequent scene, and then a significant amount of time to display them on the screen.

If you try to maintain a certain frame rate, then it sometimes does not leave time for your processor (milliseconds) to “digest” all this. Therefore, if the computer cannot render the scene in time, then the playback quality (frame rate) will suffer. On the other hand, regular picture-based animation doesn't care much about what's in the scene and how complex that picture is. She just shows the next picture in time and that's it.

Advantages of software animation

The next advantage of software animation over frame-by-frame animation, which we'll discuss in a moment, goes well beyond mere file size. It is already an established fact that software animation in most cases is used precisely as a dynamic.

You have probably seen the movie Terminator 2: Judgment Day. At the end of the film, each time the Terminator disappears into the melting pot with the phrase "I'll be back". He does it in theaters, on TV and on DVD. Even by pressing the "Stop" or "Pause" button, you are not able to stop it. And that's because an ordinary film is nothing more than a sequence of pictures. At the end of this film, they (the pictures) show the Terminator disappearing into the inferno and that's all they can do.

Now let's move from the Terminator to a regular flash site. In the late 90s, when Flash was rapidly gaining its popularity, only the lazy did not want to use its capabilities on their website:

moving, appearing and disappearing forms;
accompanying music;
a sudden pop-up call to something;
an emerging spot of light or shadow.

Then such things were new, so I wanted to exclaim: “Cool!” To be fair, not all of these sites were really cool. Looking back today at what I saw then, only two or three of them really stuck in my memory.

The duration of the animation on them was no more than a minute. It was only enough for me to watch them three times in a row. Were they bad? No, it's just that after a few viewings, attention weakened, because there was nothing more to watch, like in a Terminator movie. And here we can talk about a certain paradox - in films of this kind, animation does not change, each frame, from the first to the last, is predetermined.

Let's get back to software animation. It doesn't have to be dynamic. You can create an object and use code to locate it on the stage and then make it move along it. In such a situation, every time you run such a clip, the same code will run, causing the same movement. And, obviously, there are no dynamics here.

But what if we take the same object and, using the code, randomly determine the location of this object, its direction of movement and speed? In such a situation, after running the video each time, we will see something different from the previous one.

But there is also a third option. After launching the video, will the time of day, month and year be determined and based on these data a scene will be built, for example, a winter morning, a summer afternoon or a September evening?

And here is the fourth one. During the film, the viewer, with the help of a mouse or keyboard, could change some factors at will? This would allow him to interact with objects in the scene. Such a film would be far from what we are used to seeing it, right? You could even save the Terminator!

The virtual reality

It is possible that the most interesting aspect of dynamic animation is the application of the laws of mathematics and physics of the real world to the objects created in it. You can not only make such an object move in a random direction, but also simulate the effect of gravity on it. As a result, it will start to fall. When the fall is over, he will hit the ground and bounce, but not to a height equal to the one from which he began to fall. In the end, he will stop jumping and remain lying on the "ground".

After that, you could allow the user to interact with it:

"grab" it with the mouse
or move using the keyboard.

After the user starts interacting with it in this way, he will have the complete feeling that this is a real physical object.

You can see for yourself by playing with the red ball below.

By creating such an animation, you make the user feel that he is not just looking at how the frames move, but that he is in some space created by you. How long will he be there? Yes, just as long as he is interested. The more you give him opportunities for interaction, the longer he will stay there, and then also come back many times.

Results

In this introductory lesson, we discussed:

basics of animation;
differences between frame-by-frame and program animation;
main advantages of dynamic animation.

This is conceptual, basic knowledge, on the basis of which all subsequent material will be built. free mini-course "Fundamentals of Animation in Actionscript 3.0"».

In the following lessons, I'm going to talk about some of the tools that you can use in your work. The most obvious use of all the information that will be discussed in this course is the creation of games. It is clear that they require the greatest interaction with the user, where he is required to solve certain tasks and achieve goals.

But the information in this course can be successfully used for your professional work as a web designer. For example, to create an interesting menu on the site, banner advertising or applications (programs) for the education system.

What type of animation is more interesting for you personally? Write about it by leaving a comment below. Also, if you have any questions during the study of this lesson, then ask, do not hesitate, I will be happy to answer them.

See you in the next lesson!

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The meaning of the word animation in a large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. computer animation

The meaning of the word ANIMATION in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ANIMATION in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Flash animation

See what "Animation" is in other dictionaries:

Books

What is animation?

How to create the illusion of movement in frame-by-frame animation

Frame programming

Advantages of software animation

The virtual reality

Results

What else to read

THE LAST NOTES

The meaning of the word animation in a large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. computer animation

The meaning of the word ANIMATION in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ANIMATION in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Flash animation

See what "Animation" is in other dictionaries:

Books

What is animation?

How to create the illusion of movement in frame-by-frame animation

Frame programming

Advantages of software animation

The virtual reality

Results

What else to read

THE LAST NOTES

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