Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms first aid. Atypical symptoms of poisoning

In our world, where it becomes every day, as well as when faced with various types of combustion - poisoning carbon monoxide becomes a big problem for the health of each of us, especially when it comes to the health of children.
No one is safe from carbon monoxide poisoning. And the opportunity to see a doctor is not always available, for example, when you are on the road. In this case, it will be good to have a jar in your glove compartment. The drug in a couple of minutes will begin to remove toxins and poisons from your body. Polysorb collects toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract and removes them from the patient's body natural way, cleanses the circulatory system, promotes recovery proper ventilation lungs.
In addition, this drug is recommended to be used to prevent poisoning in chemical production workers, its use will help protect your body from the occurrence various kinds, asthmatic attacks, hepatitis and other unpleasant diseases.

When does carbon monoxide poisoning occur?

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that fills the air space during combustion processes and intensively interacts with hemoglobin, prevents the penetration of oxygen into the tissues of the body, which stimulates the occurrence of hypoxia. When CO enters the human body, it begins to take part in oxidation reactions, thereby changing the biochemical balance.
The big danger with carbon monoxide poisoning is that it is almost impossible to recognize them: the effect of carbon monoxide is practically not felt. Therefore, the only way to protect your health from carbon monoxide poisoning is to understand when such a threat occurs, and then prevent these incidents.
Precedents when first aid is urgently required for carbon monoxide poisoning happen in ordinary life:

• Close proximity to highways, closed parking spaces. Vehicle exhaust contains approximately 1–3% carbon monoxide, and 0.1% CO in the air is sufficient to produce severe carbon monoxide poisoning.
• At long work in the garage with behind closed doors, for example, when the vehicle engine is warming up for a long time.
• In case of poor ventilation of heating columns or if such equipment is located in cramped rooms, i.e. in those conditions when the level of oxygen content decreases, therefore, the content of carbon monoxide increases after the combustion of oxygen and the likelihood of poisoning increases.
• In case of violation of the rules of use kiln installations in bath rooms, country cottages with furnace heating systems. If a person closes the stove damper before the set time, then there is a high probability of becoming a victim of carbon monoxide poisoning.
• In case of fire.
• When working in hazardous industries.

Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning

The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning depend on the amount of carbon monoxide released into the air and the general health of the person. Identify a range of symptoms general group characteristic of carbon monoxide poisoning:

• pain in the head, tapping in the temporal region;
• urge to nausea;
• decreased alertness;
• decline in concentration;
• craving for sleep;
• red rashes on the skin;
• inflammation of the mucous membranes;
• tearing;
• cutting pains in the eyes;
• pulse failures;
• sensation of pain in the chest;
• dyspnea,
• the appearance of a cough;
• dryness in the throat;
• high blood pressure;
• possible hallucinations.

Symptoms of severe carbon monoxide poisoning

In the case when a person breathes CO for a long time or sits in a room with its high content, then he develops symptoms of severe carbon monoxide poisoning. This situation can cause serious damage to human health. Severe carbon monoxide poisoning has the following symptoms:

• the occurrence of paralysis;
• fainting state;
• falling into a coma;
• pupil dilation;
• uncontrolled excretion of urine and feces;
• disruption of the upper respiratory tract.

If you notice these symptoms, you should immediately go to the hospital.

Emergency help for carbon monoxide poisoning

In case of carbon monoxide poisoning great importance has timely first aid before the arrival of medical specialists.
1. If signs of carbon monoxide poisoning are found, it is necessary to take the person outside, unfasten clothes to facilitate breathing, bring it to the nose a large number of ammonia and call an ambulance immediately.
2. It is necessary to ensure that a person who has been exposed to carbon monoxide poisoning does not fall asleep before the arrival of specialists, if necessary, perform an artificial respiration procedure.
3. To neutralize the impact of harmful substances on the health of the victim, you need to cleanse the body with the help of medications. As a rule, sorbent preparations are used for this. One of the most effective sorbents is Polysorb. It is this drug that will help to quickly get rid of the manifestations of carbon monoxide poisoning after a fire.

Prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning

What to do to prevent exposure to carbon monoxide in the body? These measures will help you avoid dangerous consequences.

• Pay close attention to your health. At the first sign of a deterioration in well-being, do not hesitate to consult a doctor.
• Ventilate the premises, be attentive to the use of gas, kerosene burners, gas stoves.
• Check the condition of the chimneys regularly.
• Observe fire safety regulations.

Take care of yourself, because health is the most valuable thing we have!

You can buy Polysorb at any pharmacy in your city. For your convenience, you can use the service apteka.ru, which will deliver the drug to a pharmacy convenient for the location.

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Application of Polysorb

Indications

Why Polysorb MP?

Security

Polysorb MP does not contain any additives and flavors, so the drug does not have a toxic effect and does not cause allergies. The drug is not absorbed into the blood, and does not pass through the liver and kidneys, so it has practically no contraindications. Enterosorbent Polysorb MP has a high safety, it is prescribed for children from birth and pregnant women.

Efficiency

Sorption surface of Polysorb MP at internal application is 300 m2/g, which is significantly higher than that of most enterosorbents available on the Russian and foreign markets. The drug is able to bind any harmful substances.

immediacy

During treatment, the first minutes of the disease play a special role, when it is necessary to promptly provide assistance to the victim, remove intoxication, and improve overall well-being. Here Polysorb MP again comes to the rescue, which, thanks to its unique spatial structure, begins to act immediately after it enters the intestines and is able to radically change the situation in a matter of moments.

Operating principle

Harmful substances such as allergens, toxins and all kinds of pathogenic bacteria provoke the development of diseases and a general deterioration in well-being;

Polysorb, getting into the intestine, surrounds harmful bacteria and removes them from the body;

Polysorb sorbs toxins and allergens different sizes, which allows you to equally effectively cope with various poisonings and allergies;

Instruction

Dosage and administration

Indications for use

pharmachologic effect

Side effects and contraindications

Polisorb - dosage and method of application

Firstly, Polysorb is always taken in the form of an aqueous suspension, that is, the powder is mixed with 1/4 - 1/2 cup of water, and never taken dry inside.

Secondly, the amount of powder to be taken depends on body weight, that is, you need to know the approximate weight of an adult or child who will drink it. There can be no overdose, which removes concerns when determining the dose.

Patient weight	Dosage	Water volume
up to 10 kg	0.5-1.5 teaspoons per day	30-50 ml
11-20 kg	1 teaspoon "without a slide" for 1 reception	30-50 ml
21-30 kg	1 teaspoon "with a slide" for 1 reception	50-70 ml
31-40 kg	2 teaspoons "with a slide" for 1 reception	70-100 ml
41-60 kg	1 tablespoon "with a slide" for 1 reception	100 ml
over 60 kg	1-2 tablespoons "with a slide" for 1 reception	100-150 ml

Patient weight

The specific dosage of Polysorb is calculated depending on the indication for use (see below), the patient's weight and symptoms. In case of difficulty with the calculation, you can get free consultation by phone: 8-800-100-19-89 , or in the section .

1 teaspoon of Polysorb "with a slide" contains 1 gram of the drug.
1 gram is the most recommended single dose for children.
1 tablespoon of Polysorb "with a slide" contains 2.5-3 grams of the drug.
3 grams is the average single adult dosage.

How to use Polysorb for the main indications

Disease	Mode of application	Reception features	Number of receptions	Duration
		During meals or immediately after	3 times a day	10-14 days
	Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water		3 times a day	10-14 days
	Washing stomach with a 0.5-1% solution of Polysorb ((2-4 tablespoons per 1 liter of water)	Next - ingestion of Polysorb suspension depending on body weight	3 times a day	3-5 days
	Mix powder depending on body weight in ¼-1/2 glass of water: 1 day - take every hour. 2 days - four times a day according to the dose.		3-4 times a day	5-7 days
	From the first days of illness Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water		3-4 times a day	7-10 days
	Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water		3 times a day	7-14 days
	Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water	Admission as part of complex treatment	3-4 times a day	25-30 days
	Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water	One hour before meals or one hour after meals	3 times a day	10-14 days
	1 day - take 5 times a day in an hour. 2 days - take 4 times a day in an hour.	Drink more liquid	1 day - 5 times. 2 days - 4 times.	2 days
	Take 1 dose: before a feast, at bedtime after a feast, in the morning.		1 per day	3 days

Disease

food allergy

Mode of application:
Reception features: During meals or immediately after
Number of receptions: 3 times a day
Duration: 10-14 days

Chronic allergies, urticaria, hay fever, atopy

Mode of application: Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water
Reception features: One hour before meals or one hour after meals
Number of receptions: 3 times a day
Duration: 10-14 days

Poisoning

Mode of application: Gastric lavage with 0.5-1% Polysorb solution (2-4 tablespoons per 1 liter of water)
Reception features: Next - ingestion of a suspension of Polysorb MP, depending on body weight
Number of receptions: 3 times a day
Duration: 3-5 days

Intestinal infections

Mode of application: Mix powder depending on body weight in ¼-1/2 glass of water: 1 day - take every hour. 2 days - four times a day according to the dose.
Reception features: Admission as part of complex treatment
Number of receptions: 3-4 times a day
Duration: 5-7 days

Viral hepatitis

Mode of application: from the first days of illness. Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water
Reception features: Admission as part of complex treatment
Number of receptions: 3-4 times a day
Duration: 7-10 days

Cleansing the body

Mode of application: Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water
Reception features: One hour before meals or one hour after meals
Number of receptions: 3 times a day
Duration: 7-14 days

Chronic renal failure

Mode of application: Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water
Reception features: Admission as part of complex treatment
Number of receptions: 3-4 times a day
Duration: 25-30 days

Toxicosis of pregnant women

Mode of application: Mix powder according to body weight in ¼-1/2 cup of water
Reception features: One hour before meals or one hour after meals
Number of receptions: 3 times a day
Duration: 10-14 days

Hangover

Mode of application: 1 day - take 5 times a day in an hour. 2 days - take 4 times a day in an hour.
Reception features: Drink more liquid
Number of receptions: 1 day - 5 times. 2 days - 4 times.
Duration: 2 days

Polysorb is a modern sorbent with a wide spectrum of action that binds harmful substances and removes them from the body. Polysorb is used for diseases such as,. Polysorb is also used for toxins and harmful substances. Approved for use from birth.

If you have any difficulty in calculating the individual dose of Polysorb, you can getfree consultation by phone:8-800-100-19-89 , or in the sectionconsultations .

You can buy Polysorb at any pharmacy in your city. For your convenience, you can use the serviceapteka.ru , which will deliver the drug to a pharmacy convenient for the location.

Polysorb- a powerful sorbent of a new generation based on natural silicon, effective for the treatment of diarrhea, poisoning, allergies, toxicosis, hangover syndrome and for cleansing the body.

Indications for use:

Acute and chronic intoxications various origins in adults and children;

Acute intestinal infections of any origin, including food poisoning, as well as diarrheal syndrome of non-infectious origin, dysbacteriosis (as part of complex therapy);

Purulent-septic diseases, accompanied by severe intoxication;

Acute poisoning with potent and toxic substances, including drugs and alcohol, alkaloids, salts of heavy metals, etc.;

Food and drug allergies;

Viral hepatitis and other jaundices (hyperbilirubinemia);

Chronic renal failure (hyperasotemia);

Residents of environmentally unfavorable regions and employees hazardous industries for the purpose of prevention.

What are the main advantages of Polysorb?

The highest sorption surface among sorbents is 300 m2/g.

High safety profile - 18 years of experience in the use of Polysorb in Russia.

Instantaneous speed of action immediately after entering the gastrointestinal tract, relief occurs 2-4 minutes after ingestion.

Storage conditions: At a temperature not higher than 25°C. After opening the package, store in a tightly closed container. The shelf life of the aqueous suspension is not more than 48 hours. Keep out of the reach of children.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies: Without a prescription.

Phone free hotline for consultations:8-800-100-19-89

Polysorb- inorganic non-selective polyfunctional enterosorbent based on highly dispersed silica with particle sizes up to 0.09 mm and with the chemical formula SiO2.

Polysorbhas pronounced sorption and detoxification properties. In the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, the drugbinds and removes from the body endogenous and exogenous toxic substances of various nature, including pathogenic bacteria and bacterial toxins, antigens, food allergens, drugs and poisons, salts of heavy metals, radionuclides, alcohol.

Polysorbalso absorbs some metabolic products of the body, incl. excess bilirubin, urea, cholesterol and lipid complexes, as well as metabolites responsible for the development of endogenous toxicosis.

Polysorb has pronounced sorption and detoxification properties. In the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, the drug binds and removes harmful toxic substances from the body, including pathogenic bacteria and bacterial toxins, antigens, food allergens, drugs and poisons, heavy metal salts, radionuclides, alcohol. Polysorb, like a magnet, also attracts some metabolic products of the body, including excess bilirubin, urea, cholesterol and lipid complexes, as well as metabolic products responsible for the development of endogenous toxicosis. The drug is not split, not absorbed, is excreted unchanged.

Compared to the old generation sorbent activated carbon, the powder Polysorb- a new generation enterosorbent with a high speed of work - the action is already 2-4 minutes after ingestion (no time is required to dissolve the tablets). 1 tablespoon of Polysorb powder replaces 120 tablets activated carbon by the volume of its sorption surface, it envelops the gastrointestinal tract as thoroughly as possible and collects all harmful substances, respectively, the quality of its work is much higher. In addition, drinking a small amount of powder with water is much more pleasant than swallowing dozens of tablets several times a day, which is why patients prefer Polysorb's aqueous suspension. For two decades, Polysorb "settled" in every third family. Doctors know the drug well, thanks to its long experience of use in Russia and the CIS countries and the maximum qualities by which the enterosorbent is evaluated.

Seldom- allergic reactions, dyspepsia, constipation. With prolonged, more than 14 days, taking Polysorb, malabsorption of vitamins, calcium is possible, and therefore it is recommended to take prophylactic multivitamin preparations, calcium.

Interaction with other drugs. It is possible to reduce the therapeutic effect of concomitantly taken orally drugs.

Contraindications: Polysorb Sachet 3 grams Banks of 12, 25, 35, 50 grams

sachet3 grams- single dose in a convenient pocket pack.
Jar:
12 grams- volume full course treatment for the child.
25 grams- essential tool home first aid kit for any occasion for the whole family.
35 grams- a three-day course for the treatment of diarrhea in an adult.
50 grams– a full-fledged course of treatment for an adult in an economical package.

Accidents can happen to anyone. They cannot always be prevented, so it is useful for everyone to know what to do if such a situation occurs with a loved one or a stranger.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common and dangerous accident..

Carbon monoxide is a combustion product that pollutes the air. When it enters the lungs, it causes great harm to the human body. Code according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10: T58 - toxic effect of carbon monoxide.

Poisoning with this product is life-threatening, because the substance itself is imperceptible. By the time the first symptoms appear, the organs are already suffering.

When such an unpleasant situation arises as carbon monoxide poisoning, home treatment can be used, but only after examination by health workers and agreement with the doctor.

Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs instantly. If you do not immediately provide emergency care correctly, a person dies after 3 minutes at a gas concentration in the air of 1.2%.

The body is affected instantly, as the substance is colorless and odorless. Even a gas mask cannot protect against harmful effects.

As a result of severe damage by exhaust gases, erythrocytes are the first to suffer. They cannot carry oxygen to tissues and organs, which leads to severe hypoxia. The rapid reaction of the nervous system to this condition malfunctions - these are the first symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Then the muscles of the heart and skeleton are affected. Therefore, the victim cannot move, and the heart does not pump blood well. Necessary actions in case of carbon monoxide poisoning should be carried out immediately. Otherwise, the consequences may become irreversible.

The most common causes of poisoning with this substance:

1. Carrying out car repairs in a room that is not ventilated. This provokes damage to the lungs by exhaust gases.
2. Operation of faulty heaters, poisoning with household gases.
3. The outbreak of a fire in an enclosed space.
4. Lack of good extraction.

Symptoms of pathology

The characteristic signs of poisoning must be known in order to provide emergency assistance in time and correctly.

Symptoms of a mild degree of poisoning appear quite quickly as follows:

Obvious signs of an average degree of intoxication:

• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• feeling tired;
• noise in ears;
• muscle paralysis.

Symptoms of acute poisoning:

• loss of consciousness;
• uncontrolled urination and defecation;
• respiratory failure;
• convulsions;
• cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes;
• dilated pupils, poor reaction to light sources;
• coma state.

Untimely assistance can lead to death. In case of mild to moderate poisoning, irreversible consequences of intoxication may remain:

• frequent dizziness;
• acute headache;
• disorders of the nervous system;
• stop in development;
• memory loss;
• decrease in intellectual abilities.

In acute poisoning, the following disorders often occur:

• deterioration of blood circulation in the brain;
• polyneuritis;
• swelling of the brain;
• deterioration of hearing and vision or their complete loss;
• toxic pulmonary edema, which turns into severe pneumonia.

People most at risk:

1. Those who abuse alcohol.
2. Smoking tobacco products indoors.
3. Asthma sufferers.
4. Suffering from nervous and physical stress.
5. Pregnant women and children.

To save the victim and minimize the negative consequences, you should know how first aid is provided for carbon monoxide poisoning before the ambulance arrives.

Action algorithm:

Exists special agent- Acizol, what to take in case of carbon monoxide poisoning. Such a drug is available from the ambulance team and is administered by injection intramuscularly.

It is quite effective against acute carbon monoxide poisoning in lethal doses. The faster Acizol is administered, the more likely the victim is to survive and the effectiveness of subsequent treatment procedures.

Carbon monoxide poisoning. How to neutralize the "silent killer"

Treatment of the consequences of poisoning with fumes can be carried out at home after the victim has received qualified help from specialists and permission is at home. To do this, you need to know what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Treatment folk methods as effective as medication and is able to restore health in short time. But it should be used under the supervision of doctors and after their approval.

Natural products are popular because of their safety and environmental friendliness. But every ingredient in the recipes traditional medicine has certain properties that can ambiguously affect human body.

Therefore, for safety reasons, it is better to get the approval of a doctor. The most effective means:

The consequences of pathology are very severe and difficult to eliminate. Even after effective treatment, a certain time it is necessary to observe the victim.

To avoid an unpleasant and dangerous situation, you must follow some preventive measures:

It is important to be vigilant and understand that carbon monoxide poisoning is a life-threatening condition. Big threat lethal outcome and irreversible complications.

Everything can be solved on time and correctly rendered first health care and adequate treatment under the supervision of doctors even at home. You don't have to compromise on your safety.

After all, failure to comply with elementary safety rules leads to death or serious consequences for life.

If poisoning occurs carbon monoxide , then we are talking about a serious pathological condition. It develops if a certain concentration enters the body carbon monoxide .

This condition is dangerous to health and life, and if you do not turn to specialists for help in a timely manner, death from carbon monoxide can occur.

Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide, CO) is a product that is released during combustion and enters the atmosphere. Since poison gas has no smell or taste, and it is impossible to determine its presence in the air, it is very dangerous. In addition, it can penetrate soil, walls, filters. Many are interested in the question, carbon monoxide is heavier or lighter than air, the answer is that it is lighter than air.

That is why it is possible to determine that the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is exceeded using special devices. It is also possible to suspect CO poisoning if a person develops some signs rapidly.

In urban conditions, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is increased by vehicle exhaust gases. But car exhaust poisoning can only occur at high concentrations.

How CO affects the body?

This gas enters the blood very quickly and actively binds to. As a result, it produces carboxyhemoglobin , which is more closely related to hemoglobin than oxyhemoglobin (oxygen and hemoglobin). The resulting substance blocks the transfer of oxygen to tissue cells. As a result, it develops hemic type.

Carbon monoxide in the body binds to myoglobin (it is a protein of skeletal muscles and heart muscle). As a result, the pumping function of the heart decreases, and severe muscle weakness develops.

Also carbon monoxide enters into oxidative reactions, which disrupts the normal biochemical balance in the tissues.

Where can carbon monoxide poisoning occur?

Many situations can occur in which carbon monoxide poisoning is possible:

• poisoning by combustion products during a fire;
• in the premises where gas equipment, and at the same time there is no normal ventilation, not enough supply air, which is necessary for normal combustion gas;
• in those industries where CO is involved in the reactions of synthesis of substances ( acetone , phenol );
• in places where automobile exhaust gases can accumulate due to insufficient ventilation - in tunnels, garages, etc.;
• at home, when there is a leakage of lighting gas;
• when staying near very busy highways for a long time;
• with prolonged use of a kerosene lamp, if the room is not ventilated;
• if the stove damper of the home stove, fireplace, sauna stove was closed too early;
• when using breathing apparatus with low-quality air.

Who can suffer from hypersensitivity to CO?

• people who have been diagnosed with exhaustion of the body;
• those who suffer , ;
• future mothers;
• teenagers, children;
• those who smoke a lot;
• people who abuse alcohol.

You should know that organs and systems in case of carbon monoxide poisoning are more quickly affected in women. The symptoms of poisoning are very similar. methane .

Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning

The following describes the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in humans, depending on the concentration of CO. Symptoms of household gas poisoning and poisoning from other sources manifest themselves in different ways, and by the way carbon monoxide (not carbon dioxide, as it is sometimes mistakenly called) acts on a person, one can assume how strong its concentration was in the air. However, carbon dioxide in high concentrations can also lead to poisoning and the manifestation of a number of alarming symptoms.

Concentration up to 0.009%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 3-5 hours:

• decrease in the speed of psychomotor reactions;
• increased blood flow in vital organs;
• in people with heart failure in severe form, chest pain is also noted.

Concentration up to 0.019%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 6 hours:

• performance decreases;
• shortness of breath with moderate physical exertion;
• headache , slightly pronounced;
• visual impairment;
• death is possible for those who suffer from severe heart failure, and fetal death can also occur.

Concentration 0.019-0.052%

• severe throbbing headache;
• irritability, instability of the emotional state;
• nausea;
• impaired attention, memory;
• fine motor problems.

Concentration up to 0.069%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2 hours:

• vision problems;
• worse headache pain;
• confusion;
• weakness;
• nausea, vomiting;
• runny nose.

Concentration 0.069-0.094%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2 hours:

• severe dysmotility (ataxia);
• appearance;
• strong rapid breathing.

Concentration 0.1%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2 hours:

• weak pulse;
• a state of fainting;
• convulsions;
• breathing becomes rare and superficial;
• condition .

Concentration 0.15%

Clinical manifestations are observed after 1.5 hours. Manifestations are similar to the previous description.

Concentration 0.17%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 0.5 hours.

Manifestations are similar to the previous description.

Concentration 0.2-0.29%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 0.5 hours:

• convulsions appear;
• there is respiratory depression and cardiac activity;
• coma ;
• death is likely.

Concentration 0.49-0.99%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2-5 minutes:

• no reflexes;
• pulse thready;
• deep coma;
• death.

Concentration 1.2%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 0.5-3 minutes:

• convulsions;
• lack of consciousness;
• vomit;
• death.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

The table below summarizes the signs that appear with different degrees of poisoning:

The mechanism of development of symptoms

Manifestation of symptoms different type associated with exposure to carbon monoxide. Let us consider in more detail the symptoms of various types and the features of the mechanisms of their manifestation.

neurological

The greatest sensitivity to hypoxia show nerve cells as well as the brain. That is why the development of dizziness, nausea, headache indicate that oxygen starvation of cells occurs. More severe neurological symptoms appear as a result of severe or irreversible damage to the nerve structures. In this case, convulsions, impaired consciousness occur.

Respiratory

When breathing quickens, the compensatory mechanism “turns on”. However, if the respiratory center is damaged after poisoning, the respiratory movements become superficial and ineffective.

Cardiovascular

Due to the lack of oxygen, more active cardiac activity is noted, that is, tachycardia . But due to hypoxia of the heart muscle, pain in the heart can also occur. If such pain becomes acute, it means that oxygen has completely stopped flowing to the myocardium.

Dermal

Due to a very strong compensatory blood flow to the head, the mucous membranes and skin of the head become blue-red.

If carbon monoxide poisoning or poisoning has occurred natural gas mild or moderate, then for a long time a person may manifest: dizziness and headaches. Also, his memory, intellectual abilities are deteriorating, emotional fluctuations are noted, since during poisoning the gray and white matter of the brain is affected.

The consequences of severe poisoning, as a rule, are irreversible. Very often, such lesions end in death. In this case, the following severe manifestations are noted:

• subarachnoid hemorrhages;
• disorders of a skin-trophic nature (edema and tissue);
• cerebral edema ;
• violation of cerebral hemodynamics;
• deterioration of vision and hearing up to complete loss;
• polyneuritis ;
• pneumonia in severe form, which complicates coma;

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

First of all, emergency care for carbon monoxide poisoning involves the immediate cessation of human contact with the gas that poisons the body, as well as the restoration of all important body functions. It is extremely important that the person who provides first aid does not become poisoned in the course of these actions. Therefore, if possible, it is necessary to put on a gas mask, and only after that go to the room where the poisoning occurred.

Before the start of PMP, it is necessary to take out or remove the one who suffered from the room in which the concentration of carbon monoxide is increased. You need to clearly understand what CO is what kind of gas, and how quickly it can harm the body. And since each breath of poisoned air will only increase negative symptoms, it is necessary to deliver the victim to fresh air as soon as possible.

No matter how quickly and professionally the first aid is provided, even if the person feels relatively well, it is necessary to call ambulance. There is no need to be deceived by the fact that the victim is joking and laughing, because such a reaction can be provoked by the action of carbon monoxide on the vital centers of the nervous system. Only a professional doctor can clearly assess the patient's condition and understand what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning.

If the degree of poisoning is mild, the victim should be given strong tea, warm it up and ensure complete rest.

If confusion is noted, or it is absent at all, the person should be laid on his side on flat surface, make sure he gets an influx fresh air, unbuttoning his belt, collar, underwear. Give a sniff ammonia holding the cotton at a distance of 1 cm.

In the absence of a heartbeat and breathing, artificial respiration should be carried out, a sternum massage should be done in the projection of the heart.

In an emergency, you can't act rashly. If there are still people in a burning building, you cannot save them on your own, as this can lead to an increase in the number of victims. It is important to immediately call the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Even after a few breaths of CO poisoned air, death can occur. Therefore, it is a mistake to believe that a wet rag or gauze mask can protect against the harmful effects of carbon monoxide. Only a gas mask can prevent the lethal effects of CO.

Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning

Do not practice after poisoning treatment at home. A person in such a situation needs the help of specialists.

Provided that the victim is in a critical condition, doctors carry out a set of resuscitation measures. Immediately injected intramuscularly 1 ml of antidote 6%. The victim must be taken to the hospital.

It is important that in such conditions the patient is provided with complete rest. He is provided with breathing with pure oxygen (partial pressure 1.5-2 atm.) Or carbogen (composition - 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide). This procedure is carried out for 3-6 hours.

Further, it is important to ensure the restoration of the functions of the central nervous system and other organs. The treatment regimen prescribed by a specialist depends on how severe the patient's condition is and whether the pathological reactions that occurred after the poisoning are reversible.

In order to prevent natural gas and CO poisoning, it is important to follow very carefully those rules that will help prevent dangerous situations.

• If there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning during certain work, they should only be carried out in rooms that are well ventilated.
• Carefully check the dampers of fireplaces, stoves, do not close them completely until the firewood is burned.
• In a room where CO poisoning can potentially occur, it is necessary to install autonomous gas detectors.
• If possible contact with carbon monoxide is planned, one capsule should be taken. Acizola half an hour before such contact. The protective effect will last up to two and a half hours after taking the capsule.

Azizol is a medicine domestic production, which is an effective and fast acting antidote for acute CO poisoning. It creates an obstacle in the body for the formation carboxyhemoglobin , and also speeds up the process of removing carbon monoxide.

The sooner Acizol is administered intramuscularly in case of poisoning, the greater the chances of a person to survive. Also, this medicine increases the effectiveness of those measures that will subsequently be taken for resuscitation and treatment.

conclusions

Thus, carbon monoxide poisoning is a very dangerous condition. The higher the gas concentration, the more likely the death. Therefore, it is very important to be extremely careful to comply with all the rules of prevention, and at the first suspicion of such poisoning, immediately call for emergency care.

Carbon monoxide is a strong toxic substance that, when it enters the body, leads to disruption of the functioning of its organs and systems.

Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur in a variety of places. This substance is odorless, which undoubtedly increases its danger, since a person is not aware of its presence in the air.

The whole body is forced to work in conditions of severe oxygen deficiency. This leads to serious consequences: damage to the heart, brain, lungs, skeletal muscles.

The effect of carbon monoxide on the human body

First of all, it is necessary to consider its effect on the composition and functioning of the blood. This dangerous substance enters the human body through the respiratory tract into the lungs, which are well supplied with blood. It is here that the poison is quickly absorbed into the blood.

In the bloodstream, carbon monoxide seeks out red blood cells and binds to them. These blood cells, in turn, perform an important function - the respiratory. That is, they bind oxygen and carry it to all organs and tissues.

In case of poisoning, carboxyhemoglobin is formed in the blood, which is no longer able to perform this function. That is, red blood cells lose their ability to capture oxygen. In this case, a severe pathological condition develops - hypoxia, that is, oxygen starvation.

Carbon monoxide can be poisoned by following conditions:

• Household. During fires, a large amount of this hazardous gas. This happens when the interior is burning, in the decoration of which there is plastic, wiring and household appliances. When found long time in a closed garage where the car is running. In a traffic jam in calm weather. In case of leakage of domestic gas, as well as improper operation of furnace equipment;
• Production. Poisoning can occur in the gas and automotive industries. Where carbon monoxide is used for the synthesis of organic compounds.

It should be noted that children, pregnant women, the elderly and debilitated people are most sensitive to carbon monoxide. Let's take a closer look at the consequences individual systems organism.

Influence on the work of the heart

In conditions of hypoxia, the heart turns on compensatory devices. That is, under any conditions, it tries to fulfill its main function - to supply the body with oxygen-enriched blood.

With the penetration of carbon monoxide into the blood, the concentration of oxygen in it is significantly reduced. In this case, the heart begins to distill blood at a faster rate through the systemic and pulmonary circulation. This leads to tachycardia - an increase in the number of heartbeats per minute.

At first, the tachycardia is moderate, but with severe poisoning or prolonged exposure to gas on the body, the pulse becomes frequent, but poorly filled. The heart rate reaches 130 - 140 beats per minute.

Against the background of severe tachycardia and hypoxia, the likelihood of developing myocardial infarction is high.

Consequences for the central nervous system

With the blood flow, the toxin enters the brain, where it exerts Negative influence to its various departments. At first, a person feels a severe headache, “cerebral vomiting” may occur, which occurs when the center of the brain responsible for digestion is irritated.

Carbon monoxide leads to a violation of the nervous regulation, which is manifested by dysfunction of various sensory organs:

• Hearing impairment (noise, ringing), decrease in its severity;
• Violation of visual function. There may be fog, flies before the eyes, blurry pictures, decreased visual acuity (may be significant).

With damage to the cerebellum, the victim has such pathological signs as a wobbly gait and discoordination.

In severe cases, a large volume of the brain is affected, which is manifested by such consequences as convulsive syndrome and coma.

Carbon monoxide and the respiratory system

Hypoxia provokes a violation of the respiratory system. There is hyperventilation of the lungs, that is, shortness of breath, which progresses over time. This is a compensatory mechanism. Thus, the lungs try to eliminate the lack of oxygen in the body.

If a person with carbon monoxide poisoning is not immediately helped, then his breathing becomes superficial, that is, unproductive. In this case, respiratory arrest and death of the victim may occur.

The effect of gas on skeletal muscle

Muscles need a constant supply of oxygen. With its lack, they cease to function in full. The person experiences severe weakness. He cannot stand on his feet, they give way.

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In severe cases, muscle weakness is pronounced. A person is not able to get up, pick up even a light object, call for help.

Symptoms of poisoning

The clinical picture of poisoning in this case depends on the severity of the pathological process (the amount of carbon monoxide affecting the body and the time the person stays in adverse conditions).

There are 3 degrees of severity of carbon monoxide poisoning:

• The first or mild degree is manifested by headache, pressure in the temples and forehead, nausea, single vomiting. There is dizziness and slight weakness in the body. The person complains of rapid heartbeat and chest tightness. In rare cases, auditory hallucinations are recorded;
• The second or moderate severity is characterized by neurological symptoms. The patient has complete or partial paresis and paralysis. The victim is drowsy, his hearing is reduced;
• Third or severe degree. The patient is in critical condition and requires immediate medical attention. There are convulsions, loss of consciousness. Uncontrolled emptying of the bladder and bowels may occur. Breathing is shallow, pupils almost do not react to light. There is a high probability of death before arrival at the hospital.

First aid and subsequent recovery

A person who has received carbon monoxide poisoning needs first aid as soon as possible. The outcome of poisoning depends on this.

Algorithm for rendering the first emergency care to the victim:

• Stop the flow of carbon monoxide into the body. For this, a person must be taken out or taken out of the gas contamination zone;
• Provide access to oxygen. You should loosen tight clothes, remove the belt, tie, scarf, scarf, and so on. If a person is indoors, then you need to open the windows;
• Call an ambulance. Before arrival medical workers provide assistance on their own;
• If a person is conscious, then you should give him hot and strong coffee or tea to drink;
• If consciousness is absent, check for pulse and respiration. If these indicators are not determined, then you should immediately begin to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (indirect heart massage and artificial respiration);
• To improve blood circulation, you need to rub the limbs, cheeks and chest of the patient;
• If a person is unconscious, pulse and breathing are determined, then it is necessary to give him a stable lateral position. That is, lay it on its side. This prevents the tongue from sinking and aspiration of the respiratory tract with vomit (in the presence of vomiting);
• In the presence of ammonia, they need to lubricate the whiskey and give the victim a sniff of cotton wool moistened with ammonia.

The ambulance team continues to provide assistance to the victim:

• Oxygen is supplied through an oxygen mask;
• It is necessary to introduce an antidote - Acizol. The solution is administered intramuscularly in a volume of 1 milliliter. This drug eliminates negative impact carbon monoxide. It is able to destroy the carboxyhemoglobin formed in the blood;
• To restore the functions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the introduction of Caffeine subcutaneously is indicated;
• Carboxylase is administered intravenously. This drug is an enzyme that breaks down carboxyhemoglobin;
• Hospitalization of the victim in a hospital.

In the hospital, symptomatic therapy is carried out, and treatment with Acizol is also continued. The course of treatment with this drug is at least 7 days.

It should be remembered that carbon monoxide is a highly toxic substance. Therefore, the consequences of poisoning are very diverse.

Doctors distinguish 2 types of consequences that arise due to the toxic effects of this substance:

• Early occurs in the first few days after poisoning;
• Late - develop after a few weeks or months.

Early complications include:

• Prolonged headaches and impaired coordination;
• Violation of the functioning of the senses. There is a sharp decrease or a short absence of vision and hearing;
• ONMK (acute violation of cerebral circulation). This pathology develops due to ischemia of the meninges (oxygen starvation) or hemorrhage in violation of the integrity of the blood vessel. A stroke can be of varying severity. In severe cases, there is a coma and death of the patient;
• Cerebral edema is a pathological condition, which consists in the impregnation of the brain tissue with fluid from the blood vessels. This condition is very life threatening. The consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning for the brain are extremely severe: disruption of the central nervous system, damage to brain tissue and death;
• Pulmonary edema is an emergency condition that requires immediate resuscitation. characteristic feature there is a strong cough with the release of pink foam from the mouth, the patient begins to choke;
• Violation of the heart rhythm;
• Sudden cardiac arrest and, as a result, the death of the victim.

Late consequences are due to the fact that many organs and systems were damaged under the influence of carbon monoxide.

Late Negative consequences most often observed from the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems:

• Memory impairment. Amnesia develops, that is, memory loss;
• Decreased intellectual abilities of a person;
• Violation of the motor function of the upper and lower extremities up to paralysis;
• Blindness;
• Violation of the bladder and intestines. There is urinary incontinence, involuntary bowel movements;
• Myocardial infarction is characterized by an area of ​​necrosis in the heart muscle. This is an emergency condition that can be fatal (especially with a massive heart attack);
• Angina pectoris is an ischemic lesion of the heart;
• cardiac asthma. In this case, the patient is worried about shortness of breath, a feeling of tightness in the chest, an obsessive cough, and suffocation. Seizure occurs during physical exertion and horizontal position person;
• Pneumonia. They occur frequently and have a long course with complications.

1travmpunkt.com

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning: symptoms and treatment, consequences

Carbon monoxide poisoning refers to acute pathological conditions that develop as a result of the ingestion of a certain concentration of carbon monoxide into the human body. This condition is life-threatening and without qualified medical assistance can be fatal.

Carbon monoxide (CO, carbon monoxide) is a product of combustion and enters the atmosphere in any of its forms. Having no smell and taste, the substance does not manifest its presence in the air in any way, it easily penetrates through walls, soil and filter materials.

Therefore, excess CO concentrations can only be detected with the help of special instruments, and in worst case– in a rapidly developing clinic. In urban air, the main contribution to the concentration of this hazardous substance is made by exhaust gases from automobile engines. internal combustion.

Action on the body

• CO enters the bloodstream 200 times faster than O2 and enters into an active bond with blood hemoglobin. As a result, carboxyhemoglobin is formed - a substance that has a stronger bond with hemoglobin than oxyhemoglobin (oxygen combined with hemoglobin). This substance blocks the process of oxygen transfer to tissue cells, causing hemic type hypoxia.
• CO binds to myoglobin (a protein in skeletal and cardiac muscle), reducing the pumping function of the heart and causing muscle weakness.
• In addition, carbon monoxide enters into oxidative reactions and disrupts the biochemical balance in tissues.

Where are cases of CO poisoning possible?

• On fires.
• In production, where CO is used in the reactions of synthesis of substances (phenol, acetone).
• In gasified premises operating gas equipment (gas stoves, water heaters, heat generators) with insufficient ventilation or insufficient supply air required for gas combustion.
• Garages, tunnels and other premises with insufficient ventilation where accumulation is possible exhaust gases car.
• When you stay near busy highways for a long time.
• At the time of leakage of lighting gas at home.
• When untimely (early) closed stove barriers of the home stove, stove in the bath, fireplace.
• Prolonged use of a kerosene lamp in an unventilated area.
• The use of low-quality air in breathing apparatus.

Risk groups (with hypersensitivity to CO)

Signs of poisoning depending on the concentration of CO

CO concentration, %	Time of onset of clinical manifestations	signs
Up to 0.009	3-5 h	Decreased speed of psychomotor reactions Compensatory increase in blood circulation in vital organs Chest pain and shortness of breath in people with severe heart failure
Up to 0.019	6 h	Decreased performance Minor headache Shortness of breath during moderate exercise Impaired vision (perception) May cause death in individuals with severe heart failure and in the fetus
0,019-0,052	2 h	Severe throbbing headache Dizziness Emotional instability, irritability Violation of attention and memory Nausea Violation fine motor skills
Up to 0.069	2 h	Strong headache visual impairment Confused mind General weakness Runny nose Nausea and vomiting
0,069-0,094	2 h	hallucinations Severe motor disorder (ataxia) Shallow rapid breathing
0,1	2 h	Fainting Weak pulse Convulsions Tachycardia Rare shallow breathing
0,15	1.5 h
0,17	0.5 h
0,2-0,29	0.5 h	Convulsions Inhibition of cardiac and respiratory activity Possible death
0,49-0,99	2-5 min	Lack of reflexes Arrhythmia thready pulse deep coma Death
1,2	0.5-3 min	Convulsions Loss of consciousness Vomit Death

headache and dizziness; knocking in the temporal region; chest pain, dry cough; lacrimation; nausea and vomiting; redness of the scalp, face and mucous membranes; hallucinations (visual and auditory); tachycardia; hypertension.	weakness and drowsiness; paralysis of muscles against the background of preserved consciousness.	loss of consciousness; convulsions; respiratory failure; coma; uncontrolled urination and defecation; dilated pupils with a weak reaction to a light stimulus; significant bluing of the mucous membranes and skin.

• The brain and nerve cells are most sensitive to hypoxia, so headache, nausea, dizziness, etc. are a signal that nerve cells suffer from oxygen starvation.
• More severe neurological symptoms (convulsions, loss of consciousness) occur against the background of deep damage to the nervous structures up to irreversible.

The lack of oxygen begins to be compensated by more intense cardiac activity (tachycardia), however, the occurrence of pain in the heart suggests that the heart muscle is also experiencing hypoxia. Acute pain indicates a complete cessation of oxygen supply to the myocardium.

Respiratory symptoms

Increased respiration also refers to compensatory mechanisms, but the defeat of the respiratory center in case of severe poisoning leads to superficial, ineffective respiratory movements.

Skin symptoms

The red-blue shade of the scalp and mucous membranes indicates an increased, compensatory blood flow to the head.

Consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning

With mild and moderate degrees of severity of poisoning, the patient may be disturbed for a long time by headaches, dizziness, memory and intelligence loss, emotional instability, which is associated with damage to the gray and white matter of the brain.

Severe complications are most often irreversible and often lead to death:

• skin-trophic disorders (edema followed by tissue necrosis);
• subarachnoid hemorrhages;
• violation of cerebral hemodynamics;
• swelling of the brain;
• polyneuritis;
• impaired vision and hearing to complete loss;
• myocardial infarction;
• severe pneumonia complicating coma.

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

First aid c implies the termination of contact of the victim with poison gas and the restoration of vital functions. First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning should exclude the poisoning of someone who is trying to provide this very help. Ideally, you should put on a gas mask and only then go into the room where the victim is located.

• Remove or remove the injured person from the room where there is an increased concentration of CO. This is the measure that must be performed first of all, since pathological changes in the body intensify with each breath.
• Call an ambulance for any condition of the patient, even if he jokes and laughs. Perhaps this is a consequence of the action of CO on the vital centers of the central nervous system, and not a sign of health.
• With a mild degree of poisoning, give a person a strong sweet tea to drink, warm and ensure peace.
• In the absence or confusion of consciousness - lay on a flat surface on its side, unfasten the collar, belt, provide fresh air. Give a sniff of cotton wool with ammonia at a distance of 1 cm.
• In the absence of cardiac or respiratory activity, perform artificial respiration and massage the sternum in the projection of the heart.

What to do in case of fire poisoning?

If it so happened that people were left in the burning room, you should not try to save them on your own - this will lead to an increase in the number of victims of the emergency and nothing more! You should immediately call the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Even 2-3 breaths of CO poisoned air can be lethal, so no wet rags and filtration masks can protect a person who comes to the rescue. Only a gas mask can protect against the deadly action of CO!

Therefore, the rescue of people in such a situation should be trusted to professionals - the EMERCOM team.

Treatment

If a person is in a critical condition, the ambulance team carries out a set of resuscitation measures. In the first minutes, the antidote Acizol 6% is administered by intramuscular injection in a volume of 1 ml. The patient is taken to the hospital (intensive care unit).

In a hospital, the patient is provided with complete rest. They organize breathing with pure oxygen with a partial pressure of 1.5-2 atm or carbogen (95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide) for 3-6 hours.

Further therapy is aimed at restoring the functioning of the central nervous system and other organs and depends on the severity of the condition and the reversibility of the pathological reactions that have occurred.

Prevention of CO poisoning

• All work associated with the risk of CO poisoning should be carried out only in well-ventilated areas.
• Check dampers for stoves and fireplaces. Never close them when the firewood is not completely burned.
• Install autonomous gas detectors in rooms with a potential risk of CO poisoning.
• In case of possible contact with CO, take 1 capsule of Acizol half an hour before the likely contact with gas. Protection lasts 2-2.5 hours after taking the capsule.

Azizol is a domestic drug, a quick and effective antidote against acute carbon monoxide poisoning in lethal doses. It prevents the formation of carboxyhemoglobin substance and accelerates the excretion of CO from the body. As early as possible, intramuscular administration of Acizol to victims significantly increases their chances of survival and increases the effectiveness of subsequent resuscitation and medical measures.

zdravotvet.ru

Carbon monoxide poisoning. First aid for poisoning.

The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious physician. Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common and severe form of intoxication that can cause serious damage to human organs and systems, even death. The consequences of the transferred poisoning often lead to loss of working capacity and disability of the victims. In Russia, carbon monoxide poisoning ranks first among the causes of death from acute poisoning. Deaths occur predominantly at the scene. Timely help carried out at the scene of the accident, during transportation and in hospital conditions, can significantly reduce the risk of developing severe complications and the number of deaths. Carbon monoxide, also known as carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide (CO), is formed during the incomplete combustion of substances containing carbon. Has no color or smell. It is able to penetrate through partitions, walls, soil layers. It is not absorbed by porous materials, therefore filtering gas masks will not protect against carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide is a poison of rapid general toxic action, with its concentration in the air of 1.28% or more, death occurs in less than 3 minutes. Carbon monoxide is considered a blood poison, as it primarily affects blood cells (erythrocytes). Normally, red blood cells carry oxygen to organs and tissues with the help of a special protein - hemoglobin. Once in the blood, carbon monoxide binds tightly with hemoglobin, forming a destructive compound - carboxyhemoglobin. In this case, red blood cells lose their ability to carry oxygen and deliver it to vital organs. The whole body begins to experience oxygen starvation (hypoxia). Nerve cells are most sensitive to lack of oxygen. And therefore, the first symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are associated with disruption of the nervous system (headache, dizziness, nausea, impaired coordination, etc.). Carbon monoxide binds to a protein in skeletal muscle and heart muscle (myoglobin), which is manifested by general muscle weakness and a decrease in the pumping function of the heart (shortness of breath, palpitations, weak pulse). 1. Inhalation of vehicle exhaust gases, prolonged stay in closed garages in a car with a running engine;

2. Carbon monoxide poisoning in the home: a malfunction heating appliances(fireplaces, stoves, etc.), leakage of propane gas (propane contains 4-11% CO), long burning kerosene lamps and etc.

3. Poisoning during fires (buildings, transport cars, elevators, aircraft, etc.)

The manifestation of symptoms in case of carbon monoxide poisoning directly depends on its concentration in the inhaled air and on the duration of its exposure to the human body. So, with a concentration of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of 0.02-0.03% and an exposure time of 4-6 hours, the following symptoms will appear: headache, dizziness, nausea, and impaired coordination of movements. And at a concentration of 0.1-0.2% and a duration of exposure of 1-2 hours, coma occurs, respiratory arrest and death is possible.

What is affected?	Light and medium degree	Severe degree	Origin mechanism
CNS (central nervous system)	Headache, in the temples and in the forehead, girdle character Dizziness Noise in ears Flickering before the eyes Nausea, vomiting Cloudy mind Movement coordination disorder Decreased visual acuity and hearing Brief loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness Possible convulsions Possible involuntary urination or defecation	The most sensitive organ to a lack of oxygen is the brain and all adjacent nerve structures. Thus, all primary symptoms like headache, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea are the result of nerve cells suffering from oxygen starvation. All subsequent symptoms such as impaired coordination, loss of consciousness, convulsions are the consequences of a deeper damage to the nerve structures from a lack of oxygen.
The cardiovascular system	heartbeat, Rapid pulse (more than 90 beats per minute), There may be pressing pains in the region of the heart.	The pulse is quickened (130 beats per minute or more), but weakly palpable, High risk of myocardial infarction	The body tries to compensate for the lack of oxygen by working the heart more intensively, pumping as much blood as possible (heartbeat, rapid pulse). Pain is a signal of a lack of nutrition of the heart muscle. Complete disruption of oxygen delivery to the heart muscle leads to a heart attack.
Respiratory system	rapid breathing, Shortness of breath (shortness of breath)	Breathing shallow, intermittent	Rapid breathing is a compensatory mechanism in response to a lack of oxygen. In the severe stage, the center of regulation of respiration is damaged, which is accompanied by superficial and irregular respiratory movements.
Skin and mucous	Facial skin and mucous membranes are bright red or Pink colour	Skin and mucous membranes are pale, with a slightly pinkish tint	The result of increased blood flow to the head area. In the severe stage, the body becomes exhausted and loses the ability to pump blood efficiently. In places of insufficient blood circulation, the skin turns pale.
The content of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood

The form	Symptoms	Origin mechanism
swoon form	Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes Marked decrease in blood pressure (70/50 mm Hg or less) Loss of consciousness	The exact mechanism is unknown. It is assumed that under the influence of a lack of oxygen and the toxic effect of CO, the center of regulation of vascular tone is affected. This leads to a sharp drop in pressure and loss of consciousness.
Euphoric form	Physical and mental arousal Mental disorders: delusions, hallucinations, unmotivated actions, etc. Loss of consciousness Violation of respiratory and cardiac activity	The toxic effect of carbon monoxide on the centers of higher nervous activity.
The lightning-fast form of carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air exceeds 1.2% per 1 m³. In a matter of minutes, the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood of the victim reaches 75% or more percent. Which in turn is accompanied by loss of consciousness, convulsions, respiratory paralysis and the development of death in less than 3 minutes.

Carbon monoxide poisoning entails a number of complications from the organs and systems of the body. Allocate early and late complications.

Consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning
What is affected?	Early complications of acute poisoning (first 2 days after poisoning)	Late complications of acute poisoning (2-40 days)	Origin mechanism
Nervous system	Prolonged headaches and dizziness Damage to the peripheral nerves, which is accompanied by impaired motor activity and loss of sensation in the limb Bowel and bladder disorders Hearing and vision disorders Cerebral edema, the first symptoms of fever Exacerbation and development of mental illness	Memory loss Decreased intelligence Psychoses Apathy parkinsonism Movement disorders(trochaic) paralysis Blindness Dysfunction of the pelvic organs	Damage to the white and gray matter of the brain under conditions of oxygen starvation Direct toxic effect of carbon monoxide on nerve cells. CO binds to a protein in the membranes of nerve cells (myelin), disrupting the conduction of an impulse along the nerve endings.
The cardiovascular system	Sudden death Rhythm disturbance Violation of the coronary circulation	myocardial infarction angina pectoris Myocarditis cardiac asthma	lack of oxygen Direct damaging effect of CO on heart cells CO binding to a protein in cardiac muscle cells (myoglobin)
Respiratory system			Toxic effect of CO on lung tissue Weakening defense mechanisms lungs Joining the infection

• From the concentration of carbon monoxide in the inhaled air
• From the duration of exposure to carbon monoxide on the human body
• From the degree of physical activity of the victim at the time of the action of the poison (the higher the load, the more severe the consequences of poisoning)
• Women are more resistant to carbon monoxide than men
• Poisoning is difficult to tolerate: malnourished people suffering from anemia, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, alcoholics, heavy smokers.
• Children, adolescents and pregnant women are especially sensitive to the action of the poison.

Not really	Why?
Yes need! And this must be done as soon as they saw the victim.	Only a doctor is able to objectively assess the condition of the victim. Symptoms and signs of poisoning do not always indicate the true severity of poisoning. Perhaps the development of long-term complications, after 2 days or several weeks. Timely started drug treatment can reduce the percentage of death and disability as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Indications for hospitalization for carbon monoxide poisoning: All patients with moderate and severe poisoning (with a concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood of more than 25%) Pregnant women (with a concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood of more than 10%) Victims with cardiovascular diseases (with a concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood of more than 15%) Victims who lost consciousness, as well as those with neurological disorders (impaired coordination, delirium, hallucinations, etc.) Victims with low body temperature (below 36.6 °C)

Help Steps	How?	What for?
Stop exposure to CO		Remove to fresh air, or Shut off the CO source, or Put on an oxygen mask or gas mask (with a hopcalite cartridge)	With every minute of carbon monoxide exposure to the body, the possibility of survival is reduced.
Ensure airway patency and adequate oxygen delivery		Remove the victim to the open air, or put on an oxygen mask (if any), or open windows and doors indoors. Examine and clear the airways, Loosen from tight clothing, tie, shirt Lay victim on side	For half an hour in the fresh air, the content of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood decreases by 50%. The position on the side prevents the tongue from sinking
Stimulate breathing and provide blood flow to the head, bring to consciousness		Give a sniff of ammonia (no closer than 1 cm from the nose) Rub the chest, put mustard plasters on the chest and back (if any) Give hot tea, coffee	Ammonia stimulates the respiratory center and brings out of unconsciousness. Rubbing the chest and mustard plasters improve blood circulation in the upper parts of the body, which increases cerebral circulation. Tea and coffee contain caffeine, which has a tonic effect on the nervous system and also stimulates respiration.
If necessary, perform chest compressions and artificial respiration		One cycle: 2 breaths and 30 chest compressions. See Chest Compression and CPR	Provides blood circulation and oxygen delivery to organs and tissues. Supports the vital functions of the body until the arrival of medical assistance.
Provide peace, protect from unnecessary waste of energy		Lay on side Warm, protect from hypothermia, wrap up. But do not overheat the victim.	Lay down to reduce oxygen consumption. When hypothermia or overheating, the body spends a lot of energy to maintain the necessary balance.
		Oxygen 12-15 liters per minute, for 6 hours (delivered with: oxygen mask, oxygen tent, or mechanical ventilation). Acizol, ampoules 6% -1.0 ml, Capsules 120 mg. Treatment: 1 ml intramuscularly, as soon as possible after poisoning. Re-introduction after 1 hour. For prevention: 1 ml intramuscularly, 20-30 minutes before entering the danger zone.	Oxygen competes with CO for a place "on hemoglobin", thus, the more oxygen there is, the more chances it has to displace CO and take its natural place. Azizol is an antidote of carbon monoxide, accelerates the breakdown of the pathological compound - carboxyhemoglobin and promotes the addition of oxygen to hemoglobin. Reduces the toxic effect of CO on cells. It is also used as a prophylactic, several times reduces the harmful effects of carbon monoxide on the body.

www.polismed.com

Carbon monoxide poisoning - symptoms, first aid, treatment, consequences

Carbon monoxide, or carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is an extremely toxic, colorless gas. It is a must have incomplete combustion carbon-containing substances: it is determined in automobile exhaust gases, cigarette smoke, in smoke from fires, etc. Carbon monoxide has no smell, therefore it is impossible to detect its presence and estimate the concentration in the inhaled air without instruments.

In our article we will analyze the question of what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning? On how correctly and quickly first aid is provided to the victim, not only his further health often depends, but also whether he will survive.

"Silent killer" - so people call carbon monoxide. This is one of the most powerful poisons that can kill a living creature in just a few minutes. Chemical formula this gaseous compound is CO (one carbon atom and one oxygen atom). Another name for carbon monoxide is carbon monoxide. This air mixture is colorless and odorless.

CO is formed from any type of combustion: from burning fuel at heat and power plants, from burning a fire or gas stove, from the operation of an internal combustion engine, from the smoldering fire of a cigarette, etc.

The toxic properties of carbon monoxide have been known to mankind since ancient times. Our distant ancestors were well aware of how dangerous it is to turn off the stove draft when the firewood is not completely burned out. Wanting to keep more heat, the unreasonable owner hurried to close the damper, the whole family went to bed, and the next morning they did not wake up.

With the development of civilization, the danger associated with carbon monoxide has not decreased. After all, now instead of stoves in dwellings modern people are actively working gas boilers and stoves, cars puff toxic fumes in the streets and garages, and periodic reports of tragic accidents related to CO poisoning appear in the news.

How does carbon monoxide affect the human body?

Carbon monoxide has the ability to bind hemoglobin molecules, thereby preventing the blood from carrying oxygen. The longer a person breathes poisonous air, which contains carbon monoxide, the faster the pathological process develops. Carboxyhemoglobin is formed in the blood. The cells of the body do not receive life-giving oxygen, a headache appears, a person begins to experience suffocation, consciousness is confused. The victim does not realize what is happening to him, in this case, self-administration of first aid for carbon monoxide poisoning becomes impossible. Help must come from other people.

It takes a long time for hemoglobin to be completely cleared of carbon monoxide. The danger to life is directly related to the increase in the concentration of CO in the air and the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. If the accumulation of carbon monoxide in the air is only 0.02-0.03%, then after 5-6 hours the content of carboxyhemoglobin in human blood will be 25-30%.

Rescue actions in case of carbon monoxide poisoning must be very fast, because if the concentration of CO2 reaches only 0.5%, carboxyhemoglobin will rise to lethal values ​​in 20-30 minutes.

What are the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

The toxic effects of CO on the body can be manifested by the following symptoms:

When can CO poisoning occur?

With normal ventilation and a well-functioning extractor, carbon monoxide is quickly removed from the room without causing any harm to the people there. Nevertheless, according to statistics, more than one and a half million people die every year from carbon monoxide poisoning in the world. In some cases, this happens for reasons beyond human control, for example, in case of a fire. Usually, people caught in a fire lose consciousness by inhaling the deadly gas and cannot get out of the fire trap themselves.

CO poisoning is also possible under the following cases and circumstances:

• In rooms with stove or fireplace heating (residential buildings, baths, etc.) if the exhaust dampers are not closed in time or if the hood is poor.
• In areas where they work gas appliances(water-flow heaters, stoves, gas boilers, heat generators with open cam combustion); if there is insufficient air flow necessary for the combustion of gas, as well as if the draft in the chimney is disturbed.
• IN production shops, where CO is used as a working substance for the synthesis of certain organic substances (phenol, methyl alcohol, acetone, etc.).
• If you stay for a long time next to a busy highway or directly on it (on most major highways, CO levels in the air can exceed allowable norms several times).
• In garages, when the car engine is running and there is no ventilation.

Carbon monoxide poisoning - first aid

It is important to act very quickly, remembering that the countdown is not just minutes, but even seconds. What should be done in case of carbon monoxide poisoning in the first place? The sequence of actions should be as follows:

1. Quickly open all windows and doors and take the person out of the room.
2. Call a specialized ambulance team. When making a call, you need to describe the problem as clearly as possible to the operator receiving the call so that medical personnel are sent to the victim with necessary equipment.
3. If a person has lost consciousness during poisoning, it is necessary to lay him on his side. Next, bring a cotton wool soaked in ammonia to his nose (at a distance of 2 cm from the nostrils) and gently wave it. Remember that if you bring ammonia too close, then powerful impact ammonia can lead to paralysis of the respiratory center.
4. If a person is not breathing, then artificial respiration should be started immediately. If the victim not only lost consciousness, but he also has no signs of cardiac activity, then artificial respiration should be supplemented with an indirect heart massage. Such first aid for carbon monoxide poisoning should be done until the arrival of the medical team or until the person begins to actively show signs of life.
5. In the event that the poisoned person is conscious, he must be laid down and try to ensure the maximum flow of fresh air. For this purpose, you can fan it with a newspaper, turn on the air conditioner and the fan. A warm heating pad or mustard plasters should be placed at the feet. An alkaline drink can bring considerable benefit to the victim (1 liter of warm water - 1 tablespoon of soda).

What to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning, how to provide first aid, we found out. Now let's talk about another very important point: It is important for people involved in providing assistance to protect themselves. When taking a person out of a poisoned room, you need to cover your airways with gauze or a handkerchief.

What treatment is provided in the hospital?

Victims who have received an average or severe degree of poisoning are subject to mandatory hospitalization. The main antidote is 100% oxygen. Its uninterrupted intake into the body in the amount of 9-16 l / min. occurs through a special mask placed on the face of the patient.

In severe cases, the victim undergoes tracheal intubation and is connected to a ventilator. In a hospital setting, infusion therapy is also carried out using a course of droppers with sodium bicarbonate - this helps to correct hemodynamic disorders. For intravenous infusion, Chlosol and Quartasol solutions are also used.

Another drug used by doctors to help a victim with carbon monoxide poisoning is Acizol. This drug is injected into the body intramuscularly. Its action is based on accelerating the breakdown of carboxyhemoglobin with simultaneous saturation of the blood with oxygen. "Acyzol" reduces the toxic effect of CO on muscle tissue and nerve cells.

Providing assistance with the help of folk remedies

The traditional medicine recipes below can be used at home for mild carbon monoxide poisoning. Here are some easy-to-make home remedies that have highly effective antitoxic properties:

1. Dandelion tincture (only the roots are used). To prepare the infusion, 10 g of finely ground dry raw materials should be poured with a glass of boiling water. Boil about 20 min. and then leave for 40 minutes. After strain and dilute warm water(100 ml). Take the remedy 3 or 4 times a day for a tablespoon.
2. Cranberry tincture. What to do after carbon monoxide poisoning with it? First, for cooking, you will need 200 g of lingonberries and 150 g of rose hips. The ingredients are ground as thoroughly as possible and 350 ml of boiling water is poured. Infuse the berries for 3 hours, then strain the remedy and consume inside 5 to 6 times a day, 2 tbsp. spoons.
3. Knotweed herb tincture. 3 art. tablespoons of crushed dry knotweed are poured into 0.5 liters of boiling water. Insist for at least 3 hours, then strain and drink 3 times a day in a glass.
4. Tincture of Rhodiola rosea in alcohol. This drug does not need to be prepared independently, it is sold at any pharmacy. The method of administration is as follows: 7-12 drops are added to a glass of water. Drink half a cup twice a day.

Preventive measures to prevent CO poisoning

As already mentioned, carbon monoxide is often the culprit in the death of people. To protect yourself and your loved ones, you need not only to know what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning, but also try to follow preventive measures, which are as follows:

• The condition of chimneys and ventilation shafts must be checked regularly. It is especially important to pay attention to this before starting heating season.
• Before starting to use appliances that use combustible fuels, you should always check their serviceability. Early detection of damage will help to avoid many problems.
• In the event that the room is poorly ventilated, it is necessary to take additional measures for regular ventilation.
• Do not start the car in a closed, unventilated garage or sleep in a car with the engine running.
• Purchase a special sensor that reacts to CO leakage and install it in a house or apartment.
• Try to avoid being near busy highways especially during their busiest hours.

carbon monoxide sensor

As already mentioned, the presence of carbon monoxide in the air can be detected using own feelings impossible. To protect yourself and your loved ones from trouble, you can purchase a carbon monoxide detector. This small device will perform vigilant monitoring of the composition of the air in the room. After all, first aid in case of poisoning a person with carbon monoxide should be almost instantaneous, otherwise you may not have time.

In the event that CO indicators exceed the prescribed norm, the sensor will notify the owners with sound and light signals. Such devices are household and industrial. The latter have a more complex device and are designed for large areas.

Risk group

To some extent, we are all at risk and, under certain circumstances, we can suffer from SA. Therefore, each of us should know well what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning. However, there are a number of professions whose representatives are most at risk. These include:

• welders;
• taxi drivers;
• auto repair workers;
• diesel engine operators;
• firefighters;
• employees of breweries, boiler houses;
• personnel of steel, oil refining, pulp and paper industries, etc.

Conclusion

It is very important to know what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning. IN difficult situations people who have necessary knowledge and skills can bring the greatest help injured. The main thing is not to panic, but to act as quickly as possible, clearly and consistently.