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I dreamed of a lamp, dream book lamps, a lamp. Kerosene lamp

To see a kerosene lamp filled with kerosene means the beginning of a period of business activity, thanks to which you will get what you expected.

An empty lamp portends depression and despair.

To see a lamp burning with an even, pure flame means well-deserved good luck and family happiness.

If the flame is cloudy, unclear, your jealousy and envy will merge into suspicion, which will point you to the true culprit of your troubles.

A burning lamp that has fallen to the floor is a sign that your plans and hopes will suddenly turn into a failure.

If you dream that the lamp explodes, your friends and enemies are united in their desire to harm your interests.

A broken lamp portends the death of a friend.

The light of the lamp portends that you will be able to organize your business in such a way that it will begin to generate income.

Carrying a lamp - a harbinger of the fact that you will be independent and independent - preferring your own beliefs.

If the light of the lamp goes out, misfortune awaits you.

If you were very frightened and threw the lamp from the window, this means that the enemies will trap you with feigned friendship and a false interest in your successes.

To set fire to your clothes from a lamp means that you will experience humiliation from people who outwardly show approval and sympathy.

Alternative interpretation:

If you dreamed of a lamp filled with oil, then you have to work hard, but you are unlikely to be satisfied with the results of your work. If the lamp is empty, then beware of despair and despondency. A lamp burning with a bright flame portends well-deserved good luck and the warmth of a family hearth. The weak light of the lamp means that jealousy and envy will torment you in reality. You will find peace only after you honestly and sensibly discuss everything with your beloved. A broken lamp is a sign of the death of a relative or friend. Dropping a burning lamp means that in real life your plans will not come true. Lighting a lamp means that you intend to take some innovations that will bring you profit in the future. Walking with a lamp means that you will be independent of the opinions of others. If the fire goes out in the lamp, then serious trouble awaits you. If you dreamed that you were very afraid of something and threw the lamp, then you should be on the alert, as the enemies will try to lure you into a trap. If in a dream your clothes caught fire from the flame of a lamp, then in reality you will experience disappointment where you expected to receive approval and sympathy.

Dream Interpretation of Simon Kananita:

bright burning - a good, happy time is approaching; to see fading - patience; carry - you are on the right track; to light - happiness; burning - success in business; not burning - difficulties and poverty

Miller's dream book:

Seeing a kerosene lamp filled with kerosene means the beginning of a period of business activity, thanks to which you will get what you expected. An empty lamp portends depression and despair. To see a lamp burning with an even, pure flame means well-deserved good luck and family happiness. If the flame is cloudy, unclear, your jealousy and envy will merge into suspicion, which will point you to the true culprit of your troubles. A burning lamp that has fallen to the floor is a sign that your plans and hopes will suddenly turn into a failure. If you dream that the lamp explodes, your friends and enemies are united in their desire to harm your interests. A broken lamp portends the death of a friend. The light of the lamp portends that you will be able to organize your business in such a way that it will begin to generate income. Carrying a lamp - a harbinger of the fact that you will be independent and independent - preferring your own beliefs. If the light of the lamp goes out, misfortune awaits you. If you were very frightened and threw the lamp from the window, this means that the enemies will trap you with feigned friendship and false interest in your successes. To set fire to your clothes from a lamp means that you will experience humiliation from people who outwardly show approval and sympathy.

Ukrainian dream book:

As you dream that the lamp is on, then this is good. Pour kerosene into the lamp - woo

Dream interpretation of Tsvetkov:

lit - success.

Dream Interpretation of Heinrich Rommel:

a lit lamp or a brightly burning light bulb symbolizes success in money matters or in love.
Light a lamp - fortunately in love.
A non-burning lamp - to difficulties and illness.
Fading lamp - to the sad news.
Pour oil or kerosene into an old lamp - to matchmaking; extinguish it - to love caresses.
Knock over or drop a lamp on the floor - to the collapse of hopes and plans; break - to the death of a friend.
Carry a lamp in your hands - to newfound independence, independence.

Idiomatic dream book

Lamp in a dream - what does it symbolize

Lamp - “I don’t give a damn” - indifference; "Aladdin's magic lamp" (wonderful), "green lamp" - a symbol of the meeting, knowledge, literary creativity.

Slavic dream book

Lamp in a dream why dream

Lamp - table - evidence of success in research Extinct lamp - to problems.

See the Lamp, why? (according to the Magic dream book)

I dreamed of a Lamp - burning - the approach of a happy occasion, dimly glowing or going out - you should be patient and everything will work out, carry a lit lamp - to choose the right direction, light a lamp - improve your life.

Dream interpretation of Simeon Prozorov

Meet the Lamp in a dream

Lamp - Lit - to improve all aspects of life. If you had an extinguished lamp in a dream, imagine that you light it and it illuminates the whole house.

Dream Interpretation of Arnold Mindell

What does it mean to see a lamp in a dream

I dreamed of a Lamp - you saw in a dream a kerosene lamp burning evenly, emitting a bright light - neither troubles nor even minor troubles will overshadow your family well-being; you will enjoy happiness and wish happiness for others. The light in the lamp smokes and burns unevenly, the light from the lamp is unclear - you yourself will not notice how the feeling of happiness will go away; as a result of events that seem insignificant, your affairs will worsen; you will be tormented by suspicions: that your friends have betrayed you, that your beloved has changed, that your relatives in their hearts mock you and consider you a loser; those who you think are lucky, you will become jealous. The lamp seems to go out - misfortune will happen to you. It was as if you dropped the lamp and the light went out - you had great plans, you were on the rise in striving for the high and beautiful, but due to some kind of accident (or not an accident?), your business will end in complete failure. The lamp broke in your dream - your friend will die; the light of his reason and kindness will no longer illuminate you.

Dream interpretation for the whole family / E. Danilova

Why is the Lamp dreaming in a dream

Lamp (off) - fear; anxiety; turned on and brightly glowing - confidence.

New and most complete dream book 1918

If you see a lamp in a dream

I dreamed of a Lamp - to a comprehensive improvement in your life. You must imagine the lamp being lit (or how you light it) without fail. The lamp shines very brightly, illuminating the entire space around so that there is not a single dark corner left. If you want good luck in everything, imagine walking close to a glowing lamp and looking at it. If you want to professional success, imagine that you are carrying a brightly lit lamp in your hand. If you need help, support from other people - imagine that some influential person is holding the lamp in his hands, who is an authority for you (not necessarily familiar - this is some kind of a famous person, in this case, he plays the role of a symbol - this does not mean that you will receive help from him, because dreams are usually not interpreted literally).

Psychological dream book

What does it mean to see a lamp in a dream

Lamp - see also Light. 1. In dreams, the lamp and light in general represent life. The movement towards the lamp speaks of a purity of perception, which can be somewhat old-fashioned. The lamp in dreams in itself is intelligence and clarity. 2. A lamp in a dream is often associated with guidance and wisdom. It also highlights past well-founded beliefs. 3. From a spiritual point of view, a lamp signifies the idea of a personal light in the dark. The Hermit in Tarot cards Demonstrates this by moving forward despite the darkness around him. The lamp also signifies the light of the divine.

The meaning of sleep about the Source of Light (Russian dream book)

The lamp is a substitution of the true with the artificial; symbol of false knowledge.

The meaning of the dream about Lampada (Jewish dream book)

light bulb - Replace a burnt out light bulb A dream that occurred on Monday night means that you will make new friends; having a dream on the night of Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, a dream means that you will receive valuable advice that will help you succeed; having a dream on the night of Saturday or Sunday, a dream means that your opinion about your old friend will change. To break a light bulb A dream that occurred on Monday night means that you will give up your old habit; having a dream on the night of Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, a dream means that important changes will occur in your relationships with people; a dream seen on the night of Saturday or Sunday means that your relationship with an old acquaintance will deteriorate. Looking for a suitable light bulb - to find a new activity.

Lamp - A suddenly extinguished lamp - to a break in relations with an old friend. Break the lamp - get an unexpected failure. Put a lamp on the windowsill - you will have the opportunity to change your life for the better. Walk around the room with a lamp in hand. For a woman - to languish in anticipation. For a man - to achieve his requirements.

Children's dream book

Lamp in a dream, what does it mean

Lamp - The relationship that you need to get rid of the feeling of loneliness is just an appearance and does not give you anything of what you would like - this is the meaning of what this dream is about.

Big dream book of Natalia Stepanova

Why does a woman dream of a lamp in a dream

Lamp - The light of a lamp in a dream portends that you will be able to perfectly organize your business. It will take quite a bit of time, and it will begin to generate income. Carrying a lamp is a sign of your independence and independence. If the lamp goes out, unhappy days await you. Why dream that the lamp is exploding - your friends and enemies are united in a coalition in order to harm your interests.

Dream interpretation of Tsvetkov

What does it mean if you dream of a Lamp

Lamp - Lit - success.

Ukrainian dream book Dmitrienko

Why dream Lamp in a dream

Lamp - As you dream that the lamp is on, then this is good. Pour kerosene into the lamp - woo.

Dream interpretation of the XXI century

Lamp in a dream why dream

Lamp - A turned off lamp or lamp to see - means that you will have a happy time, a bright life and joy. Light it - to the triumph in the house. It is difficult to light a lamp - you will have to suffer from someone's coldness. Dark lamp - to the blow, resentment. Extinguishing the lamp means that you can intentionally or unintentionally offend someone, be careful in your statements. Breaking a lamp is bad luck. If you dreamed of a light bulb in a dream, it means that you can approach the essence of the matter, discover the cause of some phenomenon. Carrying a light bulb in your pocket - to the temptation, life in erotic dreams. Screwing in or unscrewing a light bulb means that you can become the culprit of something (misfortune, holiday), step on it - you run the risk of a person turning up under the arm. Drop a light bulb in a dream - to anxiety. A colored light bulb is a symbol of a lie taken as truth. Light bulbs in the form of a garland are a symbol of confusion. If you dreamed in a dream of a lamp burning with an even and bright light, there is a high probability of success in all areas. If you dream of a large chandelier - perhaps you were burned by participation in a solemn meeting; a luminous chandelier - to strengthen health, joy, an extinguished chandelier - a dream has the opposite interpretation.

Old French dream book

see a lamp in a dream

Lamp to see - If you had a lighted lamp in a dream - expect extraordinary events, happy love. Extinguished lamp - portends someone's ingratitude that will upset you. You carry a lit lamp at the height of the day - a dream warns you that it is better for you to postpone your affairs for a while. If you had a dream about a lamp under a beautiful lampshade - forgotten love will remind you of yourself.

Miller's dream book

Why dream Lamp in a dream

Lamp - Seeing a kerosene lamp filled with kerosene means the beginning of a period of business activity, thanks to which you will get what you expected. An empty lamp portends depression and despair. To see a lamp burning with an even, pure flame means well-deserved good luck and family happiness. If the flame is cloudy, unclear, your jealousy and envy will merge into suspicion, which will point you to the true culprit of your troubles. A burning lamp that has fallen to the floor - your plans and hopes will suddenly turn into a failure. - if in a dream you dream that the lamp explodes - your friends and enemies unite in the desire to harm your interests. A broken lamp portends the death of a friend. The light of the lamp portends that you will be able to organize your business in such a way that it will begin to generate income. Carrying a lamp is a harbinger that you will be independent and self-reliant - preferring your own beliefs. If the light of the lamp goes out, misfortune awaits you. If you were very frightened and threw the lamp from the window, it means that the enemies will trap you with feigned friendship and a false interest in your successes. To set fire to your clothes from a lamp means that you will experience humiliation from people who outwardly show approval and sympathy.

Dream Interpretation Miss Hasse

Seeing the Lamp in a dream as a symbol

Lamp - Burning brightly - a good happy time is approaching; to see fading - patience; carry - you are on the right track; to light - happiness, this is how your dream is interpreted by the dream book.

What the Lamp means - The lamp is always an indication of you as the hostess of the house. If the glass of the lamp is transparent, not dusty, you are an exemplary hostess. If the glass of the lamp is dusty, the housekeeping is not ideal, you are destined to endure resentment and insult. When a lamp topples over in a dream, the dream is extremely unfavorable, as it may portend your death. Light a lamp - to the birth of a baby. Holding two lit lamps in your hands - to the appearance of twins. In the event that you are not yet married, the dream predicts that you will find a spouse very soon. When the lamp goes out, it portends the loss of your child or property. When in a dream you own a lot of lamps, this is a harbinger of a fair amount of offspring.

Dream Interpretation of Simon Kananita

Lamp in a dream why dream

To see a lamp in a dream - Bright burning - a good, happy time is approaching - to see fading - patience - to carry - you are on the right track - to light - happiness - burning - success in business - not burning - difficulties and poverty.

The meaning of the dream about the Lamp (Vedic dream book of Sivananda)

Lamp - Sleep is very good. prophesies happy life, peace in the family.

Dream Interpretation of the Wanderer (Terenty Smirnov)

Interpretation of the Lamp from your dream

Lamp (burning) - Favorable, successful activity (especially in cognition and creativity). The rays of the lamp - spiritual progress.

If you dreamed about the spiritual sources of the Lamp (Biblical dream book of Azar)

Lamp (burning) - Learn the unpleasant truth about a person close to you.

The ABC of Dream Interpretation

To dream about a Lamp, what does it mean?

Lamp (bulb) - The lamp symbolizes controlled light, which can bring both joy and irritation. The light bulb represents the one who controls the situation. Lighted lamp with soft light- happiness, joy, sick - recovery. A lamp without light is poverty, resentment, sadness. Screw in - unscrew the light bulb (but not see the light) - interfere in someone else's life, envy others.

Interpreter of dreams of a Siberian healer

What does a dream with a Lamp mean, taking into account the date of birth

In the spring, what a lit lamp in your dream or in someone else's hand means a new hope that will not disappoint you, in the next interpreter you can find out what this dream is about.

If in the summer you dreamed of lighting a lamp in a dream when the electricity went out in the house - not everything is lost, there is a ray of hope.

In the fall, why dream of a kerosene lamp - to nostalgia for the past.

In winter, why dream of a lamp, a chandelier - good luck. Light up for a housewarming party. Buy for a celebration, a holiday.

Home > Lesson

5 CLASS TOPIC 2: "Emergency emergency in the home."

Lesson 1: "Sustainability of the Modern Dwelling".

Study questions:

1. Modern housing and its design.

2. Features of his life support. Advantages and disadvantages.

Target:

to make students understand about the life support of a modern home.

Course progress.

The lesson can be started by asking a series of questions to the guys:

What can be attributed to the structural elements of our home?

How reliable are they?

Have they ever experienced discomfort if at least one of these design features failed?

1. Summing up the students' answers to the questions posed, the teacher notes that modern communal or household dwellings are very diverse: apartments in multi-storey buildings, a private individual house in a suburban area or within the city, dilapidated housing, remaining from the old days.

AT design features modern housing, it should be noted that mass construction multi-storey buildings in terms of the quality of their construction, it is inferior to individual housing, since the latter is being built precisely “for oneself” and, naturally, the quality of its construction is much better. On the contrary, panel joints, depressurization of joints and nodes can create an emergency situation for housing.

Each of us knows that in a modern multi-storey building, systems of central supply of water (cold and hot), heat, electricity, removal of life products (sewerage, water supply), television and radio networks are equipped. In addition, the design of the dwelling includes elements and general purpose: staircases, elevators, attics (roofs), dryers, basements, as well as loggias and balconies -

us. Is this good or bad? We will not rush to answer, but only say that a person in these conditions is connected and directly dependent on his housing.

2. Very important point in the life support of modern housing is correct operation all its systems: water supply, heat and electricity, television and radio communications, gas supply. Neglect of the rules of operation leads to serious consequences, high material costs and even human casualties. For example, a cigarette or match accidentally thrown into a garbage chute can cause fire to penetrate it in a matter of minutes from the first to last floor and will cause a fire everywhere. Or, say, a small tap leak: is it dangerous or not? It is difficult to imagine that water can cause a fire, but it is real. And that's why. You left for a few days at the dacha, water, leaking, enters the outlet, causes a short circuit in the network, and if there is a "bug" instead of a fuse, the losses can be unpredictable. Another example. Hurrying to visit, you did not completely turn off the tap of the gas stove or column. Close the vents! and gas, of course, accumulates primarily in the kitchen. Returning from the guests, going to the kitchen, you turn on the light. In this case, troubles cannot be avoided - an explosion is inevitable.

There are many such examples, and this will be the homework for students, which they should discuss in the next lesson.

Lesson 2: "emergency situations in a dwelling." Study questions:

1. Gas stove as a source of danger.

2. Troubles associated with improper operation of electricity, plumbing, sewage.

Target:

to acquaint students with possible extreme situations that arise as a result of a disdainful attitude to the rules for the operation of housing.

Course progress.

1. The lesson can be started by listening to the children's stories about dangerous situations that arose in their home. Summing up what has been said, the teacher emphasizes that great dangers can arise due to improper operation of the gas stove.

The gas that is commonly used in our homes is of two types: urban mains (methane) and liquefied petroleum (in bottles). Whatever gas we use initially, we need to invite a specialist to install a gas stove.

Fires and explosions when using a gas stove often occur due to an irresponsible attitude to the rules of operation. What are their main requirements?

The cylinder should be installed in a horizontal position, at a distance of at least a meter from windows and doors, sheltered from direct sunlight, in a wooden box with holes;

You can not change the cylinder if there is a fire nearby, hot coals, electrical appliances turned on;

Before replacing cylinders, make sure that their valves are closed;

The gasket between the cylinder valve and the regulator must be changed with each new installation;

Flexible rubber hose must be of the appropriate type and marking, must not be pinched and secured with safety clamps;

After each replacement of the cylinder, it is necessary to check the connections with a soapy solution;

If you smell gas, close the cylinder valve, ventilate the room and check the connections soapy water: the presence of bubbles indicates the location of a gas leak;

After each use, the bottle must be closed.

The gas in cylinders is two and a half times heavier than air and spreads downwards, while the main gas is lighter and spreads upwards and its smell is not so strong. In the event of a leak, ventilate the room first. After that, you can not smoke, light matches, use switches, electrical appliances.

Make a rule: every evening to check whether the gas is shut off - this will save your life.

2. Electricity - from a blessing that gives people light and energy, it can turn into a disaster if you neglect the precautions. Therefore, when using any electrical appliance, always be aware of the danger and try to follow the following general rules:

When washing the refrigerator, other household appliances - unplug them from the mains;

Do not use hair dryers or electric shavers if they are wet or have bare conductive ends;

Do not remove the plug from the outlet by pulling on the cord (it can come off, exposing and shorting the wires);

Don't touch the iron wet hands, do not iron while standing on the floor with bare feet;

Do not leave the iron on the ironing board unattended, as small children may catch on the cord and it may fall on them;

Do not plug more than one plug into an outlet, as multiple plugs may cause a short circuit and fire;

Exposed places and breaks in wires, forks must be repaired immediately;

Do not make temporary wire connections.

In case of electric shock, immediately turn off the general switch on the shield. Under no circumstances should burning electrical wiring be extinguished with water (sand, dry sawdust, while in rubber shoes). If the person is conscious, leave the person lying on their back with their feet raised 30 cm off the floor, or lay on their side with their head or knees elevated. For electrical burns, do not use cold water. And be sure to call ambulance.

Questions to review.

1. What will you do if you smell gas in the apartment?

2. Why shouldn't electrical appliances be left on?

3. In the morning, when you left for school, there was no water in the house. What should have been done about it?

Homework.

Make up an oral story on the topic: "How a neighbor from above flooded our apartment ..."

Lesson 3: "Housing fire and fire handling". Study questions:

1. Possible causes of fire in the home.

2. Rules for handling fire and ways to protect against it.

Target:

To acquaint students with the possible causes of a fire in a dwelling;

Course progress.

1. The lesson can be started by listening to the gram-record "We are going into the fire" performed by L. Leshchenko, against the background of quiet music, the teacher announces the topic and sets educational goals and objectives.

Further, the teacher can lead a conversation about the fact that it took humanity thousands of years to learn how to make fire and use it. Ancient people worshiped fire as an incomprehensible and formidable deity, the mysterious brother of the Sun. Ancient Greek myths tell how Prometheus stole fire from Zeus and gave it to people, for which he was severely punished by the gods.

People needed fire, because with its help many useful things are done, it faithfully serves people in everyday life and at work.

But, it often happens that fire can turn from a devoted friend into a merciless enemy, destroying in a matter of minutes what was created by many years of hard work.

Not bad if a pre-prepared student reads a poem, for example, this:

Yes, fire is different:

Pale yellow, bright red, Blue or gold - Good fire, evil fire. Evil fire - the fire of fire, Evil fire - the fire of war! From the merciless heat - The days are dark, the fields are black.

So what is a fire? How does it arise? Why is it difficult to breathe in a fire? If you try to answer the questions posed, then we can say that a fire is a fire that has gone out of human control.

Thus, a fire, scientifically speaking, is a complex physical and chemical combustion process, accompanied by the release of heat and various gaseous products.

A fire produces a lot of smoke, which includes carbon dioxide. This gas, mixing with air, lowers the concentration of oxygen in it. Therefore, in a fire, it is not only difficult to breathe, but the threat of suffocation is also great.

What are the conditions for a fire to occur?

These include the following:

1. The presence of combustible material.

2. Availability required amount oxygen, to support combustion.

3. Source of ignition.

Speaking about the causes of a fire, emphasize that the most important of them is careless handling of fire. A thrown cigarette butt or a burning match can destroy an entire house. Lighting matches is especially dangerous in attics, closets, sheds, where the slightest negligence leads to a fire.

What kind of lighting should be in these cases? If there is no electric light, a flashlight or flashlight is good" bat".

What are main causes of fire? They can be grouped as follows:

1. Human inattention:

The use of gasoline, kerosene to ignite the stove;

Cleaning clothes, household items with explosive substances in poorly ventilated areas or where there is fire;

Abandoned irons or other live appliances;

Paper or lampshades that are too close to a hot bulb;

Thrown cigarette butts, use of fire of any type (candles, torch, gasoline lamp) in fire hazardous areas;

Transfusion of flammable liquids in the vicinity of a heat source, joint storage various materials, which, upon contact, ignite on their own (squeezing a flammable material - folding wet hay);

Spontaneous combustion in the forest, when a bottle is lying on the ground, which turns into a lens in the sun.

2. Defects in electrical installations:

Careless or inept use of an electric stove, iron, kettle;

Use of homemade electric heaters;

Spontaneous combustion of the TV;

The inclusion of many devices in one outlet;

Ineptly (incorrectly) performed electrical wiring (network overload), the use of homemade fuses ("bugs").

3. Spontaneous combustion:

Lightning, electrical devices etc.

Summarizing what has been said, it can be emphasized that fire prevention includes: exclusion of the possibility of a fire; if a fire occurs, it is necessary to localize it, preventing it from spreading.

The second question the teacher can give as homework.

Questions to review.

1. Name three conditions for the occurrence of a fire.

2. What can cause a fire at school, at home?

3. What should be remembered when handling fire? Homework.

1. What can happen to an iron that is left plugged in overnight?

2. What can an accidentally thrown cigarette do?

Lesson 4: Fire extinguishing and evacuation of people.Study questions:

1. Improvised fire extinguishing equipment.

2. Evacuation of people in case of fire.

Target:

Familiarize students with fire extinguishing means;

Train them in actions in case of fire.

Course progress.

1. The lesson can be started by posing problem questions to students:

You kindled a fire: why does it burn well in one case, and not in the other?

What is needed for the combustion process?

Pour water on fire: is it always possible to do this?

After analyzing the answers of the children, the teacher proceeds to the disclosure of the questions of the lesson.

The essence of combustion was discovered by M.V. Lomonosov in 1756, where he showed that combustion is a chemical reaction of the combination of a combustible substance with air.

What is the fastest way to put out a fire? So, the main means of extinguishing a fire is--

there is water. And not only because it is available almost everywhere. Water has a large heat capacity and has the ability to vaporize. Getting on burning objects and evaporating, it takes away one of the combustion factors - it lowers the temperature, and water vapor in the combustion area reduces the concentration of oxygen necessary to maintain combustion. To fight fire, water can be used in the form of a solid, compact, as well as a distributed rain-like jet.

The compact jet has good impact force and mechanically knocks down the flame.

The atomized jet, consisting of small water droplets, will completely turn into steam, taking away heat. One liter of water produces 1700 liters of steam. When extinguishing a fire, water should be poured into the hearth itself, for this you need to practice on a simulated fire in the yard.

However, it should be remembered that water cannot always be used to extinguish a fire, since not all combustible objects and substances can be extinguished with water. It is impossible, for example, to use water to extinguish a fire in buildings where there are substances that enter into a chemical reaction with water, as a result of which ignition can occur, release flammable gases or develop a high temperature. So, when interacting with potassium, sodium, calcium, oxygen released from the water immediately ignites. When interacting with carbide, a very flammable and explosive gas, acetylene, is released. When water reacts with quicklime, a lot of heat is generated, which can cause wooden structures to catch fire.

It is impossible to extinguish flammable and combustible liquids with a specific gravity of less than 1 with water, because water is heavier than them and will sink down, and the burning liquid will rise up, overflowing over the edges and increasing the combustion zone.

Water is also electrically conductive, therefore it is impossible to extinguish electrical networks and installations that are under current with it, so as not to be struck by an electric current and to avoid a short circuit if water gets on the electrical wiring.

The simplest extinguishing agent small quantities liquid spilled on the floor or ground is sand. Its fire extinguishing effect lies in the fact that it somewhat cools the burning substance, makes it difficult for air to access it and prevents the release of new vapors of a combustible liquid. Sand is stored in a wooden box, painted red, near which there should be a shovel.

As a bulk material used as a fire extinguishing agent, you can use

land, and at home - even from flower pots.

With the explosion of stoves, kerosene, when a lit kerosene lamp falls, kerosene usually spills and immediately ignites, engulfing neighboring objects with fire. In this case, a tarpaulin, carpet, blanket, felt mat should be thrown over the burning liquid, moistened with water and pressed tightly against the burning liquid.

For fire extinguishing purposes, inert gases (carbon dioxide) are used, which are not able to oxidize, and, therefore, burn. Their quenching is based on the fact that by filling the combustion zone, they reduce the amount of oxygen.

Chemical foam used in fire extinguishing has a small specific gravity therefore floats on the surface of flammable liquids. Covering the surface of the liquid, it prevents further vapors from entering the combustion zone. In addition, it cools the liquid well. Decomposing under the influence of temperature, carbon dioxide is released from the foam, which also extinguishes the fire, reducing the oxygen content in the combustion zone.

For extinguishing alkali metals special extinguishing agents are used in the form of dry powders based on soda ash and, if the combustion center is small, they can be used to cover the flame manually.

To extinguish a fire inside the building, crowbars, hooks, buckets are used. An ax is a hand fire tool. Scrap - for opening the floor and partition. Bagry - for pulling away burning structures. The end of the hook is convenient to shoot down the Turkish thing. With an ax - open locked doors. Fire ladders - for supplying fire extinguishing equipment to a height and evacuating victims who are in danger. They can be attached, folding and retractable.

An effective remedy fire extinguishers are fire extinguishers.

2. In case trouble happens, you need to remember following rules:

When it is possible to extinguish the flame, it is better to move against the fire, trying to limit its spread and "pushing" the fire to the exit or where there are no combustible materials;

Always belay with a rope when you have to go along corridors, on roofs, in cellars and other dangerous places, as in heavy smoke it is difficult to find the way back;

The most effective fire extinguishing is carried out from a height, at the level of the fire;

If a person's clothes catch fire, do not let him run: throw him to the ground, bite

melt in a blanket and pour plenty of water. In no case do not undress the burnt person, if the clothes are not burnt, cover the affected parts of the body with a sterile bandage;

When extinguishing a fire with a hydrant, it must be remembered that it is not the amount of water used that is important, but its correct use;

Having extinguished the source of combustion, it is necessary to check the existence of other possible foci that may cross out previous efforts. Checks should be carried out several times during the day, paying attention to cellars, attics and other little-visited premises.

Questions to review.

1. What can be extinguished with water and what cannot?

2. What, besides water, can put out the fire?

3. What applies to improvised means of extinguishing a fire?

Homework. Picture:

Fireman extinguishing the flame;

A worker pouring water from a bucket into a fire;

A housewife trying to put out a burning iron with a bucket of water.

Lesson 5: "Fire extinguishers".Study questions:

1. Fire extinguishers, their types and purpose.

2. Rules for using a fire extinguisher. Target:

To study with students the main types of fire extinguishers and their purpose;

Familiarize them with the use of a fire extinguisher.

Course progress.

It is a good idea to start the lesson by repeating the provisions studied in previous lessons. Let's say one student works on the blackboard on the assignment:

Depict graphically what is necessary for the combustion process and define the essence of combustion.

With the rest of the students, you can conduct an express quiz on the following questions:

When is water used to extinguish a fire?

When can't you put out a fire with water?

What refers to the simplest means of extinguishing a fire?

I fell to the floor and a kerosene lamp caught fire - what should I do?

The quiz can be held in a competitive form between, say, rows of desks, noting on the board the number of correct answers and the highest number of points (marks) scored.

Summing up the quiz and putting marks in the journal, the teacher proceeds to the presentation of the new material.

1. The principle of fire extinguishing is based on the creation of conditions for the cessation of combustion. These are the following conditions:

Termination of air access to the hearth of burning;

Dilution with non-combustible oxygen gases (carbon dioxide and powder products);

Cooling the combustion source to a temperature below a certain limit (water, foam);

Intensive inhibition of the rate of chemical reactions in the flame (powder fire extinguishers).

To achieve the greatest efficiency of fire extinguishers, it is necessary to bring them into working condition near the place of combustion, so as not to lose extinguishing agents, act quickly, since they work for a short time (foam 60 - 80 s., carbon dioxide 25 - 45 s ., powder 10 -15 s.). When extinguishing solid substances and objects foam fire extinguishers direct the jet to the places of the most intense burning, gradually knocking down the fire from top to bottom. Start extinguishing the spilled liquid from the edges, gradually covering the burning surface with foam.

When extinguishing burning substances with powder fire extinguishers, the entire surface should be covered with powder.

Chemical-foam fire extinguishers OHP-10, chemical air-foam OHVP-10 are used to extinguish combustible materials, with the exception of energized electrical installations. The principle of their operation is based on the interaction of the acid part of the charge (an aqueous solution of a sulfuric acid salt) and the alkaline part (an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate) with the formation of carbon dioxide and foam. The quality of the charge is checked once a year in special workshops. A charged fire extinguisher is sealed, a plate is attached to the body indicating the date of laying, as well as a hairpin - cleaning in case of clogging during operation. The OHVP-10 fire extinguisher differs from the OHP-10 in the composition of the charge and an additional nozzle for the spray for the formation of air-mechanical foam.

gasoline, diesel fuel, varnishes, paints and other combustible liquids, as well as electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 volts.

At the end of April, it got dark early in the Crimea. In general, it is no secret to anyone that it is darker in the south than in the north.
So, it got dark early. And many processes, such as cooking, took place already in the dark. There was not enough light from the fire to make it convenient to cook on the table. And, for example, on the shore of the same Manych, we did not have a fire at all, i.e. not a bit.

All this time, the Trophy TSP19 rechargeable flashlight came to the rescue, which could be used as, in fact, a hand-held spotlight, and as table lamp. This lantern is good for everyone, as a lantern, but as a table lamp it does not provide 360-degree lighting, and I do not like cold diode light. In a tent, again, it is very comfortable with him. But not on the table.

Upon arrival home, I planned to be puzzled by this issue and pick up a device that would meet these requirements.

Returning from the Crimea, we stopped at Tishanka for a few days to take a break from the road and rest before the road. And, in fact, in the village in the aunt's shed, a brand new kerosene lamp was discovered. The fly, of course, sat, but the wick was never set on fire.
I immediately imagined how cool it would be to put a kerosene stove on our folding table. And 360 degrees shines, also warm and a kerosene lamp. Filling kerosene from a bottle is much easier than charging a battery from an inverter.

I received permission, and the lamp was packed and taken to Yaroslavl.

Already in the city, I bought half a liter of kerosene in a hardware store. These cost half a liter less than 50 rubles.
He poured some fuel into the lamp and lit it. The burning has begun. Very active combustion. The soot was impossible.
I read what is written on the kerosene container. It was said there that this kerosene should not be used in stoves and lamps. It was recommended to use lighting kerosene KO-25. It was not on sale.

The second nuance I felt a little later. It was a terrible smell of kerosene throughout the apartment. The lamp, tied in several packages, still terribly stank of kerosene. Started bottle too. Due to the fact that I could not find lighting kerosene, accordingly, I could not smell it.

The smell of kerosene put me off using the lamp.
I began to use the Internet and look for ways to replace kerosene in kerosene lamps. Several resources recommended pouring lamp oil.

Okay, google. I go to church and buy lamp oil. Half a liter for 100 rubles. It says on the bottle that it's refined petroleum jelly.

Drain the kerosene, pour the contents of the church bottle. We set it on fire.

Lit. It burns, but much dimmer than kerosene. Doesn't smell. Doesn't smoke. It does not shine brightly, but it shines.
Looks like the problem is solved, but...
But the wick decreased in size by leaps and bounds. This is a bad indicator. Probably, with the speed with which it decreased during the trial ignition, it would not have been enough for the evening.

It makes no sense to take a lamp on future trips. At least filled with lamp oil. Filled with kerosene too. We'll just suffocate in the car.

Friends, can anyone recommend any fuel for the lamp? Maybe there is some kind of life hack?

Of course, you can also offer an option to go and buy an LED camping lantern, but I would like a warm and lamp-shaped kerosene lamp and that it shines so that the wick lasts for a long time and does not smell ...

PS: no cats were harmed during the experiments.

upd: further fate and experiments with a kerosene stove here:

Lesson 1. Features of the city as a human habitat.

Lesson 2 Zones of increased danger.

Lesson 1:

Lesson 2:

Lesson 3:

Lesson 4: Fire extinguishing and evacuation of people.

Lesson 5: "Fire extinguishers".

Lesson 7:

5 CLASS

TOPIC 1: "City as a human environment"

Lesson 1. Peculiaritiescities as human habitats.

Study questions

1. Probable sources of danger in the city.

2. How to prevent possible dangers for a person living in the city.

Target:

Familiarize students with the likely sources of danger in the city;

Course progress.

The lesson can be started by paying attention to the quote: "Cities - the result of human activity - have given rise to dangers that lie in wait for a person! To know their causes, to learn how to defend oneself - often means saving one's life" Thus, a city dweller can often find himself in a rather difficult and sometimes dangerous situation, such as a person who finds himself in a deep forest or even in a deserted place.

Then, encouraging the guys to think, you can ask a number of leading questions:

City as a habitat - good for a person or harm?

What are the main dangers that can lie in wait for a person in a city?

Traveling in public transport - good or bad?

1 question .

After listening to the answers of the guys, the teacher sums up, they say, man has always sought to arrange his life as best as possible and, while doing this, he longed to have more and more household goods, not thinking about the need to maintain harmony in nature, but often simply ignoring the dangers that are found everywhere: in nature, in the city, on village. But the city is especially full of various dangers.

Which of them are the most typical for our city?

This is a danger associated primarily with various accidents and explosions at work;

Accidents at chemical facilities and plants (enterprises) storing chemicals;

Fires and explosions at work, in residential buildings, cultural and public institutions;

Accidents related to thermal and water systems;

Dangers associated with movement in transport: the collapse of trains, river vessels, aircraft (at railway stations, in river ports, at airfields);

Criminogenic dangers.

2 question.

Who has a document with a blood group number in their pocket?

Expecting outside help is not only naive, but also careless. . A person must and must resist the troubles that lie in wait for him and the world around him. And no matter what problem a person faces, it depends only on him what measures he will take at the first moment, taking care of his own life.

A child who is not afraid of danger, accurately and quickly follows the instructions of his elders, is already making his contribution to overcoming danger.

A teenager who has learned the rules of behavior in school to ensure his safety, and an adult who knows what and how to do to reduce or limit danger, can prevent accidents, get out of a difficult situation without great losses and, ultimately, save his life. .

One of our biggest mistakes underestimation of their capabilities. Understanding that our body can react in unpredictable ways and that internal resources have the ability to increase when urgently needed gives us self-confidence.

A firm and determined person confronts the difficulties of life with great success. To think that you will never find yourself in any dangerous situation is a big mistake and frivolity, which can lead to very tragic consequences.

A careless, unprepared and insecure person is already a potential victim.

It is no less mistaken to overestimate one's capabilities, as this may interfere with the selection of appropriate countermeasures.

To prevent possible dangers, it is important for a person living in a city to observe the following rules of behavior in everyday life:

If possible, refuse to travel at night, avoid walking alone, especially in sparsely populated places;

Try to anticipate and avoid unpleasant situations, not to respond and not to succumb to provocations;

In transport, when leaving a store or bank, do not show money or jewelry: you need to keep them in your inside pocket or in another safe place;

If the route lies through dangerous places, keep your hands free, freeing them from suitcases and bundles;

Be attentive to doorways, poorly lit places;

If you are asked for advice, indicate something, do it quickly and briefly;

Do not get into an unfamiliar car, an empty bus, do not see off and show;

Out of curiosity, do not approach the place where something has happened or some kind of manifestation, meeting is taking place;

When crossing the road, do not suddenly jump out from behind the front of the bus (truck, car). Do not do this near turns and in a dimly lit area of the street.

THREE RULES FOR LIFE SAFETY:

1. Anticipate danger.

2. Avoid it if possible.

3. Take action if necessary.

___________________________________________________________________________

5 CLASS

TOPIC 1: "City as a human environment"

Lesson 2 Zones of increased danger.

Study questions:

1. Probable areas of increased danger of the city (village).

2. Basic rules of behavior for pedestrians and passengers.

Target:

Familiarize students with high-risk areas;

Course progress.

1. Opening the first question, the teacher recalls that a modern city is, first of all, a human habitat, where industrial and residential buildings are located with maximum density, and the streets are clogged with heavy traffic.

That is why the city is a more dangerous human habitat, where the following can be distinguished high-risk areas:

Roads, intersections and squares saturated with various modes of transport;

Crowded places: automobile and railway stations, river port, airport, parks, beaches;

Industrial and other enterprises;

Urban transport.

Of particular concern are sometimes drivers, whose behavior is sometimes associated with disrespect for pedestrians and, often, neglecting the rules traffic which may cause accidents. This is especially true for drivers of motorcycles and other small vehicles that are more mobile than cars.

Pedestrians don't behave well either. In the current situation, the elderly, who have a slow reaction, and children are especially affected because of this. Road traffic accidents end, as a rule, with serious consequences for people.

2 question.

The second part of the lesson can be structured as follows:

Divide the class into two or three teams;

A representative (judge) from each group (team) stands at the blackboard and notes the answers of his team;

1) cross the street only on a green traffic light;

2) cross the street at a marked crossing ("zebra") or in appropriate places, letting the driver know about his intention, so as not to force him to brake sharply;

3) to move on the sidewalks, and not on the carriageway;

4) use the underground passage, if any;

5) not accumulate at bus stops, forcing other passengers to leave the sidewalk;

b) give way to parents with prams;

7) do not walk along the narrow sidewalk arm in arm or hugging, occupying it entirely.

The team that named the largest number correct answers takes first place.

The teacher groups the answers of the students and writes them down on the blackboard in the listed order. Remember - this will be homework.

5 CLASS

TOPIC 1: "City as a human environment"

Lesson 3 How to get away from danger.

Study questions:

1. What you need to remember when driving in public transport, train, car.

2. How to avoid danger in crowded places.

Target:

Familiarize students with the rules of conduct in urban modes of transport;

Orient them to balanced and reasonable actions in crowded places.

Course progress.

The lesson can be started with students doing their homework: building "daisies" on the blackboard, on the petals of which are written the rules for the behavior of pedestrians on the streets of the city. The student names one of the rules, and then fixes it on the board (or sheet of paper). After that, he turns his back on her and tries to name all seven. A correct answer is given an appropriate mark.

1. Now the teacher can start talking abouthow to behave in different modes of transport:

a) In urban modes of transport (trolleybus, bus, tram).

When using these modes of transport, you should remember that they are often overloaded and you have to travel in cramped conditions. Therefore, the following rules must be observed:

Tram, trolleybus, bus must be expected on the sidewalk or on the landing site;

Landing in a public mode of transport is carried out at its full stop;

It is necessary to enter the interior of buses and trolleybuses, and tram cars through the back door, and exit through the front;

Entering the salon (car), you need to take a ticket and go forward;

When leaving the tram, you need to look to the right and, making sure that it is completely safe, go to the sidewalk;

Leaving the bus or trolleybus at a stop, you need to go to the sidewalk, walk to a pedestrian crossing or crossroads and, making sure that it is safe, cross the street;

A standing tram should be bypassed in front (since in this case an oncoming car is visible), as well as along a pedestrian crossing;

From passenger car, as well as from the bus, exit only towards the sidewalk.

b) On the train.

Being a train passenger, you should always remember that among fellow travelers who treat you well, there may be random people who are not averse to "borrowing" something that is "badly lying." Therefore, you need to remember these rules:

Sit in that compartment (compartment of the train), where someone is already there;

Do not fall asleep if your fellow travelers are in doubt;

Keep the lights on in the compartment, even if it interferes with rest;

Do not leave the doors ajar, as this makes it possible to view the situation in the compartment from the corridor;

If you find yourself in a reserved seat car (or train), keep your documents or wallet in a safe place, your briefcase - closer to the wall;

It is especially necessary to be careful at intermediate stations, during the exit (entrance) of passengers, looking after the bag (suitcase), personal belongings and documents.

in) In the car .

When planning a trip by car, you must first determine its purpose. If this is not associated with a short trip to the garden or countryside recreation area, then it is advisable to adhere to the following rules:

Make sure that the necessary documents are available and suitable and plan the route in advance;

Carefully check the technical serviceability of the car, the sufficiency of fuel, do not overload it;

Constantly monitor the operation of the machine, the readings of control devices, use seat belts;

On the way, avoid overeating and drinking alcohol;

Move in the general flow of traffic, drive at a moderate speed, be careful when overtaking, respect the rule of someone else's advantage;

Do not get behind the wheel in a state of nervous tension; if necessary, it is better to stop and rest in a special parking lot;

Do not use the lane for special vehicles;

Keep a safe distance;

Refrain from smoking while driving, and keep the radio at a moderate volume so that you can hear the sound signals of other vehicles;

In conditions of driving with limited visibility, slow down and increase attention;

For overnight parking, choose a crowded and well-lit place.

2. The second part of the lesson can be started by asking students problem questions. For example, in what places and when can troubles and dangerous situations arise? Or, what time of day is it most likely to happen?

After listening to the children's answers, the teacher explains that troubles can arise anytime and anywhere, but most likely in crowded places:

a) In parks, restaurants, cafes and beaches .

Even while on vacation, you must constantly think about your well-being and adhere to the following rules:

Do not enter the park alone at night, avoid walking along sparsely populated alleys and places;

Choose benches located in an open area, preferably without thickets on the back;

In case of doubt that you are being pursued, quickly withdraw before being overtaken;

If you decide to visit a cafe or other places of recreation, do not take a large amount of money unnecessarily and do not get carried away by excessive decoration of your toilet with precious jewelry;

If a woman is invited to dance by an unknown man, it is best to politely answer that she is busy and belongs to her companion;

Do not agree to the offer of strangers to take you home and do not trust your number (token) to a stranger to receive personal belongings, especially if outerwear is expensive;

Do not engage in conversations with strangers about your itinerary and method of returning home;

Men, beware of casual acquaintances with women who can invite you to their apartment to visit. Such a visit can end badly for your health and wallet.

b) At train stations and airports .

The most typical are thefts and robberies. Therefore, if there is time before the departure of the train or plane, it is better to hand over things to the storage room, Special attention referring to the serviceability of the automatic camera. Be careful with the cipher - write it down away from prying eyes. Try not to buy a ticket with your hands, and if this happens, then carefully check the composter, but it is better to contact the box office to verify its authenticity. In case of the slightest doubt, refuse the purchase.

To purchase a ticket, you must immediately prepare the entire necessary amount of money.

Other station adventures include drinking and casual acquaintances with members of the opposite sex. Neglecting this leads not only to the loss of documents, money and luggage, but, at times, to serious injuries and even illnesses.

Gathered on the road - do not look for adventure.

As homework, you can invite the children to draw a sketch of a tram, trolleybus, bus on thick paper. This will come in handy during the survey in the next lesson and in further classes.

____________________________________________________________________________

5 CLASS

TOPIC 2: "Housing emergency"

Lesson 1: "Sustainability of modern housing".

Study questions:

1. Modern housing and its design.

2. Features of his life support. Advantages and disadvantages.

Target:

to make students understand about the life support of a modern home.

Course progress.

The lesson can be started by asking a series of questions to the guys:

What can be attributed to the structural elements of our home?

How reliable are they?

Have they ever experienced discomfort if any of these design features failed?

1. Summing up the answers of students to the questions posed, the teacher notes, what modern dwellings for communal or household purposes are very diverse: apartments in multi-storey buildings, a private individual house in a suburban area or within the city, dilapidated housing left from the old days.

In the design features of a modern dwelling, it should be noted that the mass construction of multi-storey buildings is inferior to individual housing in terms of the quality of their construction, since the latter is being built precisely “for oneself” and, naturally, the quality of its construction is much better. On the contrary, panel joints, depressurization of joints and nodes can create an emergency situation for housing.

Each of us knows that a modern multi-storey building is equipped with central supply systems for water (cold and hot), heat, electricity, removal of waste products (sewage, water supply), television and radio networks. In addition, the design of the dwelling includes elements for general purposes: stairwells, elevators, attics (roofs), dryers, basements, as well as loggias and balconies.

Is this good or bad?

We will not rush to answer, but only say that a person in these conditions is connected and directly dependent on his housing.

2. A very important point in the life support of modern housing is the proper operation of all its systems: water supply, heat and power networks, television and radio communications, gas supply. Neglect of the rules of operation leads to serious consequences, high material costs and even human casualties. For example, a cigarette or a match accidentally thrown into the trash can cause fire to penetrate it in a matter of minutes from the first to the last floor and cause a fire everywhere. Or, say, a small tap leak: is it dangerous or not?

It is difficult to imagine that water can cause a fire, but it is real. And that's why. You left for a few days at the dacha, water, leaking, enters the outlet, causes a short circuit in the network, and if there is a "bug" instead of a fuse, the losses can be unpredictable.

Another example. In a hurry to visit, you did not completely turn off the tap of the gas stove or column. The vents are closed and the gas naturally accumulates first of all in the kitchen. Returning from the guests, going to the kitchen, you turn on the light. In this case, troubles cannot be avoided - an explosion is inevitable.

5 CLASS

Lesson 2: "Housing Emergencies".

Study questions:

1. Gas stove as a source of danger.

2. Troubles associated with improper operation of electricity, water supply, sewerage.

Target: to acquaint students with possible extreme situations that arise as a result of neglect of the rules for the operation of housing.

Course progress.

1. The lesson can be started by listening to the children's stories about dangerous situations that arose in their home. Summarizing what has been said, the teacher emphasizes, what great dangers can arise due to improper operation of the gas stove. The gas that is commonly used in our homes is of two types: urban mains (methane) and liquefied petroleum (in bottles). Whatever gas we use initially, you need to invite a specialist to install a gas stove. Fires and explosions when using a gas stove often occur due to an irresponsible attitude to the rules of operation. What are their main requirements ?

The cylinder should be installed in a horizontal position, at a distance of at least a meter from windows and doors, sheltered from direct sunlight, in a wooden box with holes;

You can not change the cylinder if there is a fire nearby, hot coals, electrical appliances turned on;

Before replacing cylinders, make sure that their valves are closed;

The gasket between the cylinder valve and the regulator must be changed with each new installation;

Flexible rubber hose must be of the appropriate type and marking, must not be pinched and secured with safety clamps;

After each replacement of the cylinder, it is necessary to check the connections with a soapy solution;

If you smell gas, close the cylinder valve, ventilate the room and check the joints with soapy water: the presence of bubbles indicates a gas leak;

After each use, the bottle must be closed.

When using a gas stove, it is necessary to monitor the boiling liquids standing on the stove, as when boiling, the liquid can splash out, flood the fire and cause gas poisoning. It is also necessary to constantly clean the burners, as dirty burners not only consume more gas, but can also cause trouble. The fire should be uniform and deep blue in color. Yellow, or reddish and uneven, indicates that the combustion is incorrect, and soot on the pans also testifies to this. The gas in cylinders is two and a half times heavier than air and spreads downwards, while the main gas is lighter and spreads upwards and its smell is not so strong. In the event of a leak, ventilate the room first. After that, you can not smoke, light matches, use switches, electrical appliances. Set up a rule: every evening to check whether the gas is shut off - this will save your life.

2. Electricity - from a blessing that gives people light and energy, can turn into a disaster if you neglect the precautions.

Therefore, when using any electrical appliance, always be aware of the danger and try to follow the following general rules :

When washing the refrigerator, other household appliances - unplug them from the mains;

Do not use hair dryers or electric shaver if they are wet or have bare conductive ends;

Do not remove the plug from the outlet by pulling on the cord (it can come off, exposing and shorting the wires);

Do not handle the iron with wet hands, do not iron while standing barefoot on the floor;

Do not leave the iron on the ironing board unattended, as small children may catch on the cord and it may fall on them;

Do not plug more than one plug into an outlet, as multiple plugs may cause a short circuit and fire;

Exposed places and breaks in wires, plugs must be repaired immediately;

Do not make temporary wire connections.

In case of electric shock, immediately turn off the general switch on the shield. Under no circumstances should burning electrical wiring be extinguished with water (sand, dry sawdust, while in rubber shoes). If the person is conscious, leave the person lying on their back with their feet elevated 30 cm from the floor, or lay on their side with their head or knees elevated. For electrical burns, do not use cold water. And be sure to call ambulance.

Questions to review.

1. What will you do if you smell gas in the apartment?

2. Why shouldn't electrical appliances be left on?

3. In the morning, when you left for school, there was no water in the house. What should have been done about it?

Homework. Make up an oral story on the topic: "How a neighbor from above flooded our apartment ..."

_____________________________________________________________________________

5 CLASS

TOPIC 2: "Housing emergency",

Lesson 3: "Housing fire and fire handling".

Study questions:

1. Possible causes of a fire in a dwelling.

2. Rules for handling fire and ways to protect against it.

Target:

Familiarize students with the possible causes of a fire in a home;

Course progress.

1. The lesson can be started by listening to the recording "We are going into the fire" performed by L. Leshchenko, against the background of quiet music, the teacher announces the topic and sets learning goals and objectives.

The teacher can then talk about it took humanity thousands of years to learn how to make fire and use it. Ancient people worshiped fire as an incomprehensible and formidable deity, the mysterious brother of the Sun. Ancient Greek myths tell how Prometheus stole fire from Zeus and gave it to people, for which he was severely punished by the gods.

People needed fire, because with its help many useful things are done, it faithfully serves people in everyday life and at work.

But, it often happens that fire can turn from a devoted friend into a merciless enemy, destroying in a matter of minutes what was created by many years of hard work.

Not bad if a pre-prepared student reads a poem, for example, this:

Yes, fire is different:

Pale yellow, bright red,

Blue or gold -

Good fire, bad fire.

Evil fire - the fire of a fire,

Evil fire is the fire of war! .

From the merciless heat -

The days are dark, the fields are black.

* So what is a fire?

* How does it occur?

* Why is it difficult to breathe in a fire?

If we try to answer the questions posed, we can say that a fire is a fire out of human control.

Thus, fire, scientifically speaking, is a complex physico-chemical combustion process, accompanied by the release of heat and various gaseous products.

What are the conditions for a fire to start?

These include the following:

1. The presence of combustible material.

2. The presence of the required amount of oxygen to support combustion.

3. Source of ignition.

Speaking about the causes of the fire, emphasize that the most important of them- careless handling of fire. A thrown cigarette butt or a burning match can destroy an entire house. Lighting matches is especially dangerous in attics, closets, sheds, where the slightest negligence leads to a fire.

What kind of lighting should be in these cases? If there is no electric light, a flashlight or bat lantern is good.

What are main causes of fire?

They can be grouped as follows:

1. Human inattention :

The use of gasoline, kerosene to ignite the stove;

Cleaning clothes, household items with explosive substances in poorly ventilated areas or where there is fire;

Abandoned irons or other live appliances;

2. In case something goes wrong, remember the following rules:

When it is possible to extinguish the flame, it is better to move against the fire, trying to limit its spread and "pushing" the fire to the exit or where there are no combustible materials;

Always belay with a rope when you have to go along corridors, on roofs, in cellars and other dangerous places, as in heavy smoke it is difficult to find the way back;

The most effective fire extinguishing is carried out from a height, at the level of the fire;

If a person's clothes catch fire, do not let him run: throw him to the ground, wrap him in a blanket and pour plenty of water on him. In no case do not undress the burnt person, if the clothes are not burnt, cover the affected parts of the body with a sterile bandage;

When extinguishing a fire with a hydrant, it must be remembered that it is not the amount of water used that is important, but its correct use;

5 CLASS

TOPIC 2: "Housing emergency",

Lesson 5: "Fire extinguishers".

Study questions:

1. Fire extinguishers, their types and purpose.

2. Rules for using a fire extinguisher.

Target:

To study with students the main types of fire extinguishers and their purpose;

Familiarize them with the use of a fire extinguisher.

Course progress.

It is a good idea to start the lesson by repeating the positions learned in the previous lessons. Let's say one student is working on a blackboard for an assignment:

Depict graphically what is necessary for the combustion process and define the essence of combustion.

With the rest of the students, you can conduct an express quiz on the following questions:

When is water used to extinguish a fire?

When can't you put out a fire with water?

What is the simplest means of extinguishing a fire?

A kerosene lamp fell on the floor and caught fire - what should I do?

The quiz can be held in a competitive form between, say, rows of desks, noting on the board the number of correct answers and the highest number of points (marks) scored.

Summing up the quiz and putting marks in the journal, the teacher proceeds to the presentation of new material.

1. The principle of fire extinguishing is based on the creation of conditions for the cessation of combustion. These are the following conditions:

Termination of air access to the combustion source;

Dilution with non-combustible oxygen gases (carbon dioxide and powder products);

Cooling the combustion source to a temperature below a certain limit (water, foam);

Intensive braking of the rate of chemical reactions in the flame (powder fire extinguishers).

To achieve the greatest efficiency of fire extinguishers, it is necessary to bring them into working condition near the place of combustion, so as not to lose extinguishing agents, act quickly, since they work for a short time (foamy, carbon dioxide 25-45 s., powder 10 -1 5 with.). When extinguishing solid substances and objects with foam fire extinguishers, direct the jet to the places of the most intense burning, gradually knocking down the fire from top to bottom. Spilled liquid should be extinguished from the edges, gradually covering the burning surface with foam.

When extinguishing burning substances with powder fire extinguishers, the entire surface should be covered with powder.

Chemical-foam fire extinguishers OHP-10, chemical air-foam OHVP-10 are used for extinguishing combustible materials, with the exception of energized electrical installations. The principle of their operation is based on the interaction of the acid part of the charge (aqueous solution of sulfuric acid salts) and the alkaline part (aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate) with the formation of carbon dioxide and foam. The quality of the charge is checked once a year in special workshops. A charged fire extinguisher is sealed, a plate is attached to the body indicating the date of laying, as well as a hairpin - cleaning in case of clogging during operation. The OHVP-10 fire extinguisher differs from the OHP-10 in the composition of the charge and an additional nozzle for the spray for the formation of air-mechanical foam.

TYPES AND BRANDS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Intermittent powder fire extinguishers . Designed to extinguish fires of gasoline, diesel fuel, varnishes, paints and other combustible liquids, as well as electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 volts.

Technical specifications

	OP-2B	0P-8B1
Tank capacity (l)
Working pressure (MPa)
Jet duration (s)
Extinguishing area (sq. m)

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers . They are used to extinguish fires of various substances and materials, as well as electrical wiring at voltages up to 1000 volts. Ambient temperature from - 25 to +50 "С. Installation near heating devices is not allowed.

Technical specifications


Tank capacity (l)
Working pressure (MPa)
Jet exit time (s)

The charge of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers by weight is checked once every 3 months. Weight loss should not exceed 1 0%. Charging is done in special workshops.

Air-foam fire extinguishers . They are used to extinguish fires of liquid and solids and materials, with the exception of alkaline and alkaline earth materials and their alloys, as well as for extinguishing fires in electrical equipment under voltage. Used at temperatures from +5 to +50 "C.

Technical specifications

	ORP-5	ORP-10
Tank capacity (l)
Jet length (m)
Duration of action (s)
Extinguishing area (sq. m)

2. On one of the types of fire extinguishers that is available at the school, the teacher shows the rules for using it.

Questions to review.

1. Why does a fire extinguisher need to work quickly?

2. What types of fire extinguishers are divided into according to their purpose?

3. Tell us about the rules for using a fire extinguisher.

5 CLASS

TOPIC 2: "Housing emergency",

Lesson 7: "Actions of students in case of fire".

Study questions:

1. Exit students from school in case of fire.

2. Practical actions of students to extinguish the fire.

3. Search for children in a burning building.

Target..

To train students to act calmly, thoughtfully and prudently during a fire;

To instill in them confidence that with deliberate actions in a fire, human casualties can be avoided.

Course progress.

The lesson can be conducted in two versions in accordance with the educational questions:

As part of the entire parallel of fifth grades at three training points

In this case, the life safety teacher needs to prepare leaders at training points in advance by conducting an instructive session with them.

With each class separately on the three above questions.

We will consider the first option, as more complex, but also more interesting.

Training place number 1.

Exit students from school in case of fire.

At the training site, the head of classes must have a school "Plan for the evacuation of students in case of fire", which indicates:

The main and emergency exits from the school building (each exit must have a prescriptive sign: "Get out here!" Made in the form of a green square along the contour with a white border. Inside - a symbolic image in black of a person running through the open door towards the exit) ;

The order (order) of exit of students from different classes and floors.

The teacher with each class from the source of combustion passes along the indicated route, explaining along the way that you need to move quickly, but without fuss and panic, strictly according to right side corridor (stairs).

Depending on the class (place) in which the lesson was held, you need to head to the appropriate exit. The teacher goes through this route with each class.

Training place number 2.

Practical actions of students to extinguish the fire.

Here the leader of the lesson is directly the teacher of life safety.

You need to choose a place of study somewhere in school yard away from flammable items. The teacher prepares fire extinguishers in advance and at the time of the lesson practically kindles the fire.

Here you can work out the following questions:

Appointment and procedure of actions by improvised means;

Fire fighting precautions;

Practical actions to extinguish a fire (sand, felt mat, water, etc.).

Particular attention should be paid here to the precautions for fire fighting and fire handling.

Training place number 3.

Search for children in a burning building.

The teacher says what is necessary for this.

Clarify the layout of the premises and the likely location of the children. At the same time, it must be remembered that children most often hide under beds, sofas, tables, clog in pantries, toilets and bathrooms. In most cases, the call is not answered.

Put on a gas mask with a hopkalite cartridge or a respirator. In their absence, you can use a wet anti-dust fabric mask or a cotton-gauze bandage.

Throw on a piece of dense cloth moistened with water.

Take a spare gas mask (wet bandage), moistened cloth with you.

Having found the child, it is necessary to put a gas mask (wet bandage) on him, firmly take his hand and, throwing a moistened cloth over him, take him to a safe place.

If the child is unconscious, take out of the fire and smoke immediately.

If clothing catches fire, throw a wet or even dry blanket over it as soon as possible and press it tightly against the body to stop air from entering and stop burning.

Be careful that the person on whom the clothes caught fire does not run - the flame will only intensify from the breath of air.

Do not attempt to extinguish clothing with a fire extinguisher, as a chemical burn may occur. In heavily smoky rooms, open windows and doors (although it must be remembered that this speeds up the combustion process). The jet of atomized water will reduce smoke, which cools the smoke, while simultaneously precipitating its solid particles. First of all, this should be done where children can be.

They work in such premises in small groups of people), moving around areas with relatively good visibility, near windows and doors, sticking to one side.

The search for children in a burning building stops if it becomes known for sure that no one is already there.

Questions to review.

1. Tell about ways for students to leave the school in case of fire.

2. What is the procedure for extinguishing a fire on electrical wires?

3. What is the procedure for extinguishing burning liquids?

4. When and for what are improvised means of extinguishing a fire used?

5. How to look for people in a burning building?

6. How to get out of it?

5 CLASS

TOPIC 2: "Housing emergency",

Lesson 9: "Club Hour" Watch out for fire.

The purpose of the game; -

To consolidate the students' knowledge of the fire and the means of extinguishing it;

Step them up vocabulary and acquired skills about fire and its extinguishing;

Prepare for weighted and thoughtful action in the event of a fire.

1. A quiz about the fire and the means of extinguishing it.

2. Express quiz about fire terms.

3. Competition of riddles, poems, stories.

4. Relay.

The lesson can be built in the form of a game.

In the office, tables are arranged U-shaped so that the class, divided into two teams, is opposite each other. At the top of the letter "P" is a jury of 3 - 4 people. The teacher or the jury brings to the attention of the students the conditions of the game, its purpose, evaluation criteria. If time allows, you can listen to the disc "We are going into the fire" performed by L. Leshchenko the day before.

The game will be successful and achieve its goal if the teacher prepares sample quiz questions in advance:

Name three conditions for the occurrence of a fire;

What should you do if you smell gas?

What should be remembered when using a gas stove?

What is a fire?

Can you always use water to put out a fire?

What is needed for the combustion process?

Name improvised means of extinguishing a fire;

How to put out a burning primus stove or a fallen kerosene lamp?

Name the main types of fire extinguishers;

How to put out burning clothes on a person?

Questions can be prepared on special cards, which the participants in the game will pull out, and the jury will evaluate the correctness of the answers. The result is calculated by the number of points scored.

2. A variety of words can be included in the express quiz about fire terms:

* fire truck,

* fire extinguisher,

* fire shovel,

* fire, etc.

Its essence lies in the fact that the word is called and the answer is immediately given. The score is based on the number of correct answers.

3. In the competition of riddles, poems, stories, you also cannot do without preliminary preparation. To do this, the guys need to make five basic signs in advance, since knowing them is very important.

We give a detailed description of them.

1) prohibition signs are a red circle with a white field inside, a white border along the contour of the sign and a symbolic image of black color on the inner white field, crossed out by a red stripe drawn from top left to right down at an angle of 40 degrees. The width of the red ring is taken equal to 0.1, and the slanted red stripe -0.08 of the white border along the contour of the sign,

The "No Smoking" sign has a crossed out symbolic image of a smoking cigarette.

The sign "It is forbidden to use open fire" has a crossed out symbolic image of a burning match.

The sign "Forbidden to extinguish with water" has a symbolic crossed-out image of a flame and a water tap.

2) warning signs are made in the form of an equilateral triangle with rounded corners. They are yellow with a black border with a width of 0.05 sides of the triangle and a black symbolic image.

The sign "Caution, flammable substances" has a symbolic image of a flame.

Sign "Caution, danger of explosion!" has a symbolic image of an exploding bomb.

In addition to the preparation of these signs, the children are given the task:

Come up with short story, compose (you can group) a picture (staging) about a fire and firefighters;

Pick up and learn a poem (quatrain).

If the teacher does not have at hand, say, the story of L. Tolstoy "Fire Dogs" or S. Marshak "The Story of an Unknown Hero", "Fire" and others, then the following lines can be recommended:

I am Fire! I am a friend of the guys, But when they play pranks with me, then I become an enemy And I burn everything around! Here are ditties, so ditties! Someone threw a chimney, And a fire, not a fire, And what a big waste. The smokebox was picked up And the culprit was found. We took him by the ear, We took him to mom and dad. In order to fight the fire skillfully, Everyone needs to know the fire business. Fire skills will be useful to everyone, so that we know how to handle fire!

In the competition of riddles, stories, poems, teams ask each other questions (riddles):

What does the displayed fire safety sign mean and where is it installed?

Give a short story about the fire;

Depict a flame, the actions of a fireman, smoking;

At the end of the competition, the result is summed up.

4. In the final part of the hour and if there is time, it would be good to hold a relay race in the corridor (recreation), the gym:

Connect the fire hose;

Put a bandage on the burn;

Move the casualty to a safe place, etc.

At the end of the lesson, the results of the whole game are summed up; the results shown (knowledge and practical skills) can be put in the form of grades in the journal.

5 CLASS

THEME 3.Transport Emergencies

Lesson 1-2

How to behave in case of an accident, catastrophe or other emergency?

In the literature there is the concept of "competent passenger". This is not the kind of person who knows car brands or ticket prices.

A competent passenger is a person who makes the most of their chances of being rescued in an emergency.

So here are the survivors in a train accident then they talked about the horror that they managed to survive. They are convinced that with all that tragic situation, many of the passengers could have survived if they had not made a stampede in the corridors, had not jumped out of the car indiscriminately right on the side where the fire was blazing, had not rushed to save their belongings, etc. P.

Of course, no one will warn about such a catastrophe in advance, so the most reasonable tactic is preliminary personal security measures.

For example, even when resting, try to be in some kind of clothing (sports or something like that), it will protect you from burns in case of a fire. Shoes should be in sight (in case you have to run over debris, burning plastic, etc.). Never leave glassware, sharp objects on the table - in an extreme situation, you can get hurt on them. Under no circumstances leave your compartment until it has come to a complete stop.

Don't panic. You can leave the car through the window in the compartment or which is opposite.

Give preference to the central cars, which will suffer less in the event of a railway accident.

How to protect yourself from thieves and hooligans

Sit in those compartments where someone is already there;

Do not fall asleep if your fellow travelers inspire distrust in you;

Do not leave the doors ajar, as this allows you to see from the corridor what is happening in the compartment;

Keep documents and valuables in a safe place, briefcase - closer to the wall;

Do not leave things in the next place.

The navy loses an average of 200 ships a year, more than 8 thousand suffer accidents. The greatest maritime disaster - the death of the steamer "Titanic" in 1912, from a collision with an iceberg, claimed the lives of about 1.5 thousand people.

One of the largest disasters in our country - with the steamer "Admiral Nakhimov" - in 1986 claimed 423 lives. Quite a few accidents and catastrophes happen here on the Volga: mainly due to the negligence of the commander and crew, leading to a collision with other ships or bridges across the river, and other obstacles.

Unlike other modes of transport, water transport is the most dangerous and unpredictable. The passenger here is completely in the power of the captain of the ship and his team and to do something to prevent an accident, and even at the time of it he is not able to.

What are his responsibilities:

While on board the ship, one must behave in accordance with the basic rules of civil hostel,

Maintain high morale, which largely depends on the compatibility of the group;

Understand how to use rescue and fire fighting equipment;

In case of emergency, follow the commands of the captain and his crew only.

To save passengers on the ship there are:

Personal life-saving equipment (life jacket, safety belt, life buoy, life suit);

Calculations show that the probability of rescue with an organized abandonment of the vessel is 4-47 times higher than the panic one. The decision to leave the vessel is made only by the captain.

First of all, places on watercraft are provided to women, children, the wounded and the elderly. It is allowed to take with you: documents, matches, a lighter, a blanket, personal medicines, money.

Disembarkation from the ship.

1. Put on plenty of clothes, and on top - a protective suit made of waterproof fabric

2. Put on the life jacket correctly.

3. If possible, land dry.

4. If you are forced to jump, then preferably from a height of no more 5 m, covering the nose and mouth with one hand, the other holding tightly to the vest.

After disembarkation.

If this happened not on the river, but on the sea, then one more problem is added to all problems - how to survive.

The French physician Alain Bombard wrote: "Victims of the legendary shipwrecks died of fear."

after 24 hours.

1. Don't panic.

2. Try to keep more fluid in the body (moisten clothes during the day and protect yourself from the sun).

3. Strictly ration water (0.5 liters per day).

4. Never drink sea water.

5. There is only an emergency supply.

Air Transport

In terms of the number of passengers transported over long distances, this type of transport ranks second after the railway.

Aviation plays a huge role in the development of hard-to-reach areas, such as the Far North.

Modern aircraft deliver passengers and cargo ten times faster than other modes of transport.

However, knowing these qualities, air passengers, all the same, getting on the plane are alarmed. Naturally, this concern is not without foundation.

If on the railway or even on water transport you can somehow save your life in the event of a vehicle accident, then in the air it is practically impossible.

However, according to statistics, a plane crash is one of the rarest causes of death.

The protective systems of the machine, aerodynamic qualities, even the deformation of the material, which takes up the impact energy when falling, all this serves to save, as well as the skillful behavior of people in such a situation.

There are several basic types of emergencies.

Decompression - This is rarefied air in the cabin. It comes from the depressurization of the aircraft body at high altitude.

Her signs. It starts with a deafening roar (the air leaves the cabin). The salon is filled with dust and fog. The air quickly leaves the lungs of a person, and it cannot be delayed. Ringing in the ears and pain in the intestines.

What protection?

Without waiting for the command, and even more so for the help of the crew, immediately put on an oxygen mask. The flight attendant will tell you about where it is located and how to use it at the beginning of the flight.

Takeoff and landing accidents.

You will not be warned about this kind of accident in advance. Therefore, the most reasonable tactic is preliminary personal safety measures before each takeoff and landing. For example, a coat or jacket (not synthetics) can protect you from burns if you have to get out of a fire.

Of course, you need to take off your tie, scarf, glasses, hairpins, etc. In an extreme situation, even a fountain pen in the side pocket of your jacket is dangerous.

Adjust the seat belt carefully;

Check if you have heavy suitcases over your head;

Immediately before the accident, it is possible to take a safe fixed position (on the back of a chair, which you need to put your hands in a crossed position in front of you and press your head to your hands, stretch your legs and rest against it);

At the moment of impact - strain as much as possible;

The plane can be left through the emergency exit, but only when it stops.

Airplane fire.

It is necessary immediately, after the plane stops, go to the nearest exit.

Wherein:

Protect your skin (use a coat, hat, blanket);

Do not breathe smoke, bend down, there is less smoke below;

Do not stand in the crowd at the entrance, if the line does not move, remember that there are other exits;

If the passage is littered, make your way through the chairs, lowering their backs;

Do not take with you hand luggage, it could cost you your life;

Do not open the emergency hatch in a place where there is fire and smoke outside;

Do not panic and do not fall into apathy.

Underground

Residents who use this mode of transport must know and follow the instructions.

The most dangerous thing to break it while on the escalator. If you do not hold on to the handrail, then during an emergency stop of the car, the energy will throw you forward. The suitcase that you did not hold and put on the handrail will rush down, knocking down other passengers and lamps. Do not sit on the thresholds, the floors of your clothes may get stuck in the steps or comb.

If the bag with wheels is not lifted, it may fall under the comb or get stuck in the gap between the steps. If you drop something, it's better not to try to pick it up, maneuvering among other people's legs - nothing good will come of it. The duty officer is obliged to stop the car and then you can calmly collect your things.

Children who are not looked after by their parents suffer the most. The child touches the handrail from below and his fingers fall under it.

The danger of children lies in wait when descending from the escalator - their small shoes can be pulled under the comb. It is not uncommon for unfortunate dog paws to get there.

There were cases when the brakes failed and the escalator developed a high speed, in this case the only way out was to jump over the balustrade to the next staircase.

You can’t walk on an idle escalator, because there were cases when, under the weight of walking passengers, it began to move, and then accelerated uncontrollably.

Do not come close to the edge of the platform, someone on the run can push you, you yourself can slip, a madman, deciding to give up his life, wants to take someone with him, an approaching train can hit a mirror ... Even when landing, there is a risk of being on the rails: the crowd pushes a man into the gap between the cars.

If you drop something on the rails, do not jump there, the station attendant has special tongs. If you still find yourself on the way, run to the "head" of the platform (where there is a green light and a clock), there is an exit. Well, if you don’t have time, lie down between the rails - the depth of the tray is sufficient to save a person.

5 CLASS

TOPIC 4. Emergencies of a criminogenic nature.

Lessons 1 - 3

Often staying in the city is more dangerous than in wild and deserted places.

City - the concentration of contrasts, and along with civilized life, semi-barbaric phenomena can also exist here. People living in such an environment easily become accustomed to violence, which in their lives is the usual and most common means of solving problems. Such individuals do not have psychological and moral barriers to restrain the use of violence, and the darkness and the absence of witnesses give them confidence in their impunity.

Unfortunately, criminals often operate during the day. What explains such audacity?

Everyday life isolates people so much that everyone has to mind their own business. Indifference to people from a business habit becomes a character trait of citizens. He who asked for help in the middle of the street is unlikely to receive it from anyone.

How to behave in this stone jungle?

If you are stopped by a criminal , avoid reacting violently to this, especially if he is armed and even more so if you are not sure that you can protect yourself. This is not the case to take risks, to be injured. not yet robbed. It's disgusting to say, but the best way to reduce physical abuse to yourself is not to fight back.

If you recognize the superiority of the criminal, you are more likely to survive.

If you follow our advice, this will, on the one hand, reduce the likelihood of getting into unpleasant situations, and on the other hand, increase your inner readiness to withstand difficulties.

So, being in the city:

Avoid walking alone in sparsely populated areas;

Refuse to travel at night, in extreme cases, use a taxi;

If you are treated rudely about a mistake you have allegedly made or made you the object of ridicule,

Do not respond or give in to provocation;

Try to anticipate and avoid unpleasant situations;

Do not stop passing cars and do not agree to be picked up by strangers, no matter men or women;

Never show money or jewelry, they must be kept in a safe place;

Do not burden yourself with things, it is better to have freedom of action if the need arises to defend yourself;

If someone interferes with your movement and you cannot free yourself, contact the policeman, drive to the store, ring the bell on any door;

If you have arrived in another city, it is best to move around with a map; If you are looking for someone please contact different people, because the only answer can be wrong;

Don't make it too clear that you're a visitor, walk around with the local papers, mingle with the locals;

If anyone asks for advice, give it briefly, but do not volunteer to accompany him;

Avoid getting into an empty vehicle, and if you do, then sit closer to the driver;

It is always convenient to have small money in your pocket;

Avoid crowded places.

Emergencies of a criminogenic nature must be considered in three directions:

Housing and its protection;

Zones of increased criminal danger;

Situations related to the provocative use of weapons.

Housing and its protection

We will not talk about the state when, upon returning home, you discover the theft. To prevent this, it is necessary to understand the causes and nature of robberies, and they are simple and understandable: if until recently it was done by professionals who did not risk it for nothing, now up to 75% of robberies are committed by newcomers, vandals and drug addicts.

Only 1 5% crimes are the work of professionals. 78% of apartments are robbed through a broken door.

Entrance door.

Unfortunately, builders usually install doors and grilles Low quality. They serve the owner until the robbery of someone you know makes you seriously think about it. The apartment thief usually uses manual mechanical means: a jack, a chisel, a wedge, master keys, screwdrivers, English keys, files, a hand drill. Apartments are especially easily accessible, the doors of which are not visible to other residents. The "best" place for breaking doors is directly above the lock. Other ways are pulling out the lock cylinder or knocking it out, landing the door itself (but this is less common due to noise). There are two enemies of a burglar - time and noise. Hence the advice - make it as difficult as possible for the robbers, each obstacle encountered takes time and poses problems for them, since he needs to act as quickly and silently as possible. Protection front door is carried out not just by installing another lock, but based on broader requirements. If necessary, the door must be reinforced or replaced with an armored one. To prevent a criminal from breaking into your apartment when you are at home, have a security chain or "peephole". Since the lock is the most important part of any door, it must be chosen based on security requirements. It should be opened with only one key, resist picks and false keys for as long as possible, its internal parts should not give in to various devices.

Windows and balcony.

Very good protection - bars on the windows. It is desirable to glaze the balcony!

Tips to follow in order not to meet thieves in your home:

Do not let strangers into the apartment (talk through a closed chain or door);

Good dog - the best defender both at home and on the street;

Keep near the phone the numbers of the police, fire department, as well as those who can come to your aid;

Warn children not to answer strangers' questions on the phone;

On the landing everyone should be friendly;

If you have lost your keys, it is better to change all the locks;

If you find yourself in front of an armed criminal, then do not try to become a hero. It is better

behave passively, hiding the first feelings, since any uncontrolled reaction can have dramatic consequences;

Try to remember better, and then write down the signs of the attacker (for identification);

If you have become a victim of any crime, even a minor one, report it to the law enforcement agencies;

A professional thief needs half an hour to clean an apartment. Therefore, it is not necessary to give him such an opportunity. For this:

Don't give the thief the impression that all the tenants have left;

Do not leave expensive items in plain sight or in a place that is too easily accessible;

Turn down the volume of the phone so that the call in an empty apartment is not heard from the outside;

Leave the lights, radio on;

When returning home, keep the keys at hand so as not to stand too long in front of the door, rummaging through your purse;

As soon as you enter the apartment, look around. If everything is in order, close the door behind you. If you notice something suspicious, it is better to leave the house and call someone for help.

Zones of increased criminal danger

At the station

Perhaps the station at all times remains the most criminal place. Here is a place for a gathering of thieves and extortionists, criminals and drug addicts, swindlers and swindlers.

So how do you behave in such a place?

1. If you are going to go somewhere, try to buy a ticket in advance.

2. It is advisable to come to the train a few minutes before the announcement of boarding (usually it is announced 20-30 minutes before).

3. Try to stay in the waiting room for as little time as possible.

4. And if it so happens that you still have to be in this public place for a significant time - find a quiet corner, put your things nearby, do something of your own and least of all react to various "performances". Know that they are designed to divert the eyes of passengers and are designed for mouths.

5. The most dangerous place here is the ticket office. There always wait for pickpockets and swindlers ("buy an extra ticket for such and such a train"). Therefore, always be vigilant, get out of the queue more often under some pretext, when paying with the cashier, the entire amount for the ticket must be prepared in advance.

6. Do not leave your belongings to your neighbors and do not undertake to guard other people's - a provocation is possible.

7. Constantly listen to information on the radio.

At the stadium

A large number of people gather at the stadium during football matches, most of them are fanatics who are ready at a critical moment to give their lives for their favorite team. And when she wins, then there is no limit to their joys! They want to hug everyone, kiss (whether you like it or not). They blow up firecrackers, burn smoke bombs, launch signal rockets, etc. Naturally, all this is not safe: not only fans, but also players can suffer from explosions and fire. This is first.

Secondly - your favorite team can lose! Then these same fanatics begin to destroy everything: benches in the stands, barriers, etc., throw various items on the field... and God forbid, if a fan of opponents appears among these fanatics, they can simply be killed, but what if there is a whole group of them? There is no need for a fight here. Statistics show that people (even outsiders) die in such collisions. The emotions of these fans do not subside even when they leave the stadium. Here they turn into a terrible crowd and do not expect anything good from it.

So how should you behave if you got to the stadium?

1. Determine in advance in which stands the fans of the opposing team are placed.

2. Keep a low profile during a match.

3. As soon as you notice that around you the fans began to drink alcohol - go to a more free place (fortunately, there are plenty of them now).

4. If fans of the opposing team are nearby, in no case find out whose team is stronger, this may end badly.

5. It is advisable to leave the stadium a few minutes earlier, if the outcome of the match is a foregone conclusion, or a little later, when the main stream is gone.

On the beach, in the crowd

The feeling of carelessness during the holidays, generated by the instant release from duties, encourages you to behave differently than usual. This also applies to behavior on the beaches, which, due to overcrowding, can be considered temporary cities for the summer. Crowds of people come here for a short time determined to make the most of their rest time. The feeling of freedom is supported by anonymity, that is, by the fact that no one knows anyone. In a crowd that only wants to have fun, dishonest people can often be found ready to take advantage of the general state of relaxation.

Therefore, a few tips:

Be attentive to your things, do not leave them unattended even for a minute;

Do not carry valuables or a substantial amount of money with you, do not leave anything in booths or locker rooms;

Don't leave your car windows open, even if it's hot outside;

Don't play pranks on the water.

General conclusions.

1. It is necessary to know that extreme situations can arise in any conditions.

2. Learn and know the rules of behavior in various situations.

3. Know how to navigate in an unfamiliar room, car, aircraft cabin and find correct solution in extreme situations (emergency exit, first aid kit, fire extinguisher, inflatable ladder, etc.).

5 Provide assistance to others in extreme situations (evacuation in case of fire, assistance in case of accidents, on the street, stadium, swimming pool, etc.).

The value of these elementary rules will help ensure (to some extent) the safety of each student.

5 CLASS

Lesson 1. "Pollution of the environment in places of residence."

Man has always sought to arrange his life, he longed to have more and more household goods, but did not think about the need to maintain harmony in nature. Selfishness, negligence led to a violation of the balance in nature. Air pollution. According to scientists who have been watching this alarming phenomenon for years, humanity is facing a catastrophe more terrible than nuclear war. The population is increasingly exposed to various types allergies, chronic poisoning, bronchitis, cardio-respiratory failure and lung tumors.

The main sources of this high danger are industrial enterprises, energy facilities, automobile transport. Clean air is nitrogen, oxygen and a small percentage of other gases. Now it has been added:

Carbon dioxide is a gas produced during the combustion of fuels and also emitted by industrial enterprises. The accumulation of this Gas in the atmosphere reduces the oxygen content in the air, leads to an increase in the temperature on Earth and incalculable environmental damage;

Carbon monoxide is a gas from the incomplete combustion of coal and oil (this is black smoke from the pipes of an enterprise). It is poisonous to humans. When inhaled, it causes a headache.

Currently, the air contains other gases and chemical elements - these are: sulfur dioxide; nitric oxide; phosphates; mercury; lead; etc.

Vegetation also suffers from such pollution (from acid rain).

What are the precautions?

· avoid the city center and stay out of the streets during busy hours, and try to avoid being in industrial areas, especially on foggy days;

choose green areas for walking, because in this way, with increased breathing, a large amount of oxygen enters the body;

Do not smoke at home, indoors, especially where there are children;

Do not hang laundry on foggy days with low clouds.

5 CLASS

TOPIC 5. "Emergency situations related to the violation of the ecological balance in places of residence"

Lesson 2. "Water pollution".

Recently, water pollution has reached alarming levels. The main reasons are the growth of cities with an increasingly developing industry, few treatment facilities.

A huge amount of untreated organic matter (waste) is dumped into rivers and lakes, fertilizing water in excess, which consumes a lot of oxygen to destroy organic matter, producing succulent algae, the decomposition of which leads to the formation of hydrogen sulfide, which is very toxic to humans.

In case of poisoning, a person complains of hoarseness, nausea and lacrimation.

This is the first type of pollution.

Second type- pollution of waters by hydrocarbon products during accidents on oil tankers or dumping of dirty waste after cleaning the ship.

to the third type can be attributed to the release of water for cooling, which leads to an increase in temperature in water bodies, and this causes great harm to flora and fauna.

Fourth type- agriculture, which uses highly toxic drugs in large quantities as fertilizer and protection against rodents and insects. All this is washed away by sewage into rivers and lakes, from where we take water for drinking.

Control measures and precautions

The fight against pollution is carried out on a national scale. Precautions for one person are negligible, however, they need to be known:

* avoid visiting polluted beaches;

* do not swim in prohibited water bodies;

* after bathing, take a shower and wash your bathing suit with soap;

* drink water from the water supply after boiling or other type of treatment.

5 CLASS

TOPIC 5. "Emergency situations related to the violation of the ecological balance in places of residence"

Lesson 3. "Noises".

Urbanization, the growth of traffic, industrialization have led to a significant increase in noise in cities. Experts have identified its negative impact not only on hearing, but also on the entire human body. Sound reaching 80 decibels (a measure of sound intensity) is disturbing human body, and at 180 decibels death occurs.

Hearing damage also depends on the duration of noise exposure. Its main sources are as follows:

street transport,

Cars and motorcycles after alteration to increase speed;

airports;

Household electrical appliances, radios, televisions, stereo equipment;

Discos;

Jackhammers.

From constant exposure to noise, diseases can occur:

Hearing loss and deafness;

Nervous diseases, stress, with side effects (ulcers, high blood pressure, heart disorders).

The maximum permissible level - for daytime - 65 decibels, for nighttime - 5 5 decibels.

Intense Noise Scale

Noise level		in room

	jackhammer at a distance of 100 m car signal with 5m
	motorbike
	sport car
	busy street	loudly turned on radio
	running car at a distance of 10 m	loud conversation
	street without traffic	quiet conversation
	quiet garden

To reduce the harmful effects of noise it is necessary:

* avoid noisy places;

* in discos, do not approach speakers that are turned on at full capacity;

* try not to be in places where work is being done with a jackhammer, as well as near airports, railway stations and other sources of noise;

* try not to leave the house during rush hour, when the traffic is most intense;

* turn down the sound of the TV, tape recorder;

* speak quietly, avoid unnecessary noise in in public places;

* provide hearing rest from noise, which is extremely beneficial for a person.

5 CLASS

TOPIC 5. "Emergency situations related to the violation of the ecological balance in places of residence"

Lesson 4

Everyone knows that farmers use various methods to grow large crops. chemicals. This cannot but affect the quality of food. Penetrating into the blood, nitrates combine with hemoglobin, which loses its ability to carry oxygen. As a result, a person experiences oxygen starvation, and with it other diseases.

What are the necessary precautions? Before eating or cooking, all greens and vegetables should be thoroughly washed, the skin removed, and then soaked for 10-15 minutes. At home, control is necessary. It is recommended that opened canned food from cans, even for short-term storage, be placed in glass or porcelain dishes.

Do not store pickled, salted vegetables and fruits in galvanized dishes.

Do not store cooked food in decorative dishes. Food can be stored in a plastic bag and dishes, but for a short time and only dry.

To avoid food poisoning:

* eat only those mushrooms that you know well and that are well processed (boiled);

* Throw away food that has expired, as well as swollen canned food and those that come out of gas at the time of opening;

* be careful with stale meat, especially offal.

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