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Supply ventilation unit for an apartment. Exhaust fan installation

By default, air exchange in the apartment is provided by natural exhaust ventilation. Remember the holes with bars under the ceiling in the bathroom and in the kitchen. From them come ventilation ducts from the apartment to the common house exhaust shaft, which goes to the roof. Through these channels, stuffy air is removed from the apartment to the outside. But it is necessary not only to remove the air, but also to supply fresh air from the street.

Air can enter the house through open windows. But as soon as they are closed - and street air stops flowing into the apartment. And without inflow, there is no exhaust. On the other hand, dirty air with impurities enters the apartment through open windows. exhaust gases, allergens and bacteria. If you are allergic, then in the summer it is added here Poplar fluff, pollen of plants and flowers. And in winter, at a time when the immune system is already weakened by the fight against viruses and microbes, open windows give you “dangerous” drafts, which does not bode well for your health.

Why is forced ventilation necessary?

without forced ventilation

With traditional ventilation through the windows in the apartment dirt, noise, bacteria and odors.

With forced ventilation

tributary provides ventilation and cleans the incoming air simultaneously.

Therefore, more and more people are asking the question: " But not Do you need forced ventilation in the apartment?"

The answer is simple:

Supply ventilation for the apartment is needed

She may be central or compact. Central is when under false ceiling or on the balcony there is a ventilation unit that drives air through pipes that run through all the rooms.Such ventilation "eats up" a lot of space, requires serious repair work and is expensive.Central ventilation makes sense if you have private house or an apartment under renovation.

If the apartment already has fine finish, then it would be a pity to break the interior for laying air ducts. It is easier and cheaper to install compact supply ventilation:ventilator or breather. These are small appliances that are mounted on the wall and supply fresh air through a through channel.

We assumed that most of the readers' apartments have already been renovated, so in this article we paid attention to compact ventilation. Let's figure out what you should pay attention to before buying a ventilator.

1. Performance

According to the norms, the minimum productivity is 30 cubic meters of air per hour for one person. To ensure that there is enough fresh air for all family members, it is desirable that there is a fan in the supply ventilation. The more powerful it is, the more fresh air it will bring in.

2. Air filtration

City air is an explosive mixture of exhaust gases, dust, industrial emissions, and in the spring also allergens. Hold this whole cocktail can good system cleaning with multiple filters. For large particles - a filter of class G (coarse cleaning) or class F (fine cleaning), for small particles - more efficient filters of class H (the so-called HEPA filters), for harmful gases - carbon filters.

3. Price

The cost of installing ventilation panel house(and in brick too) depends on the parameters of the ventilator. In any case, compact devices are noticeably cheaper than central supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment with air filtration. It costs about 100 thousand rubles and even more. You can buy supply ventilation in an apartment with filtration for a price of no more than 22 thousand, and a supply valve - 2-3 thousand.

4. Extra options

There are compact supply ventilation with air heating in the apartment, a different number of fan speeds and, accordingly, with different levels noise and so on.

Below - comparison table where you can evaluate different types supply ventilation for all of the above parameters.

Types of apartment ventilation systems

Type of supply ventilation	Performance	Filtration	Extra options	Price with installation
Supply valve	from 0 to 54 m3/h for one room	No	No	5 900 rub
Ventilator	from 10 to 160 m3/h for one room	or a carbon filter or coarse filter G3	no air heating low noise level 7 speed	22 490 rubles
breather	from 30 to 130 m3/h for one room	three filters: fine filter F7, HEPA filter H11, carbon filter	heating from -40°С to +25°С with climate control middle level noise, 4 speeds	28 900 rub
Central supply ventilation	about 300-500 m3/h for the whole apartment	additional filters for a separate fee: coarse filters G3-G4, fine filters F5-F7, carbon filters	water or electric air heating, low noise level at extra charge modules can be installed cooling and humidification	about 100,000 rubles + expenses for additional modules + repair costs

Installation of a ventilation system in the wall of the apartment

With the exception of central ventilation, other types of air handling units practically do not differ in the complexity of installation. And for supply valves, and for ventilators, and for breathers, drilling of a through channel in the wall is required to take air from the street.

For drilling, a special diamond drilling unit and an industrial vacuum cleaner are used. The installation process takes 1-2 hours and does not spoil the finished repair. Unlike the installation of central ventilation (we talked about this at the beginning of the article).

Conclusion: compact ventilation is the best choice

In all respects, compact supply ventilation is not inferior to the central one. As for the cost, it is cheaper to install 2-3 ventilators or breathers for a typical apartment than to spend the same money on central ventilation. And the same amount for repairs after laying air ducts.

1. Choose a supply valve if you live in an environmentally friendly and warm region, you want to protect yourself from street noise and you need minimal ventilation (at the level of an open window).

2. Choose a ventilator if you live in the same warm and environmentally friendly region, but you want more intensive ventilation compared to an open window.

3. Choose a breather if you live in a noisy and dusty city and you need a lot of air - not only fresh, but also clean.

Comfortable living of a person in an apartment is possible in the presence of all communications necessary for his life - water supply, sewerage, lighting, ventilation. modern building multi-storey buildings is aimed at minimizing their heat loss, so the facades are lined with high-quality heat-insulating materials, windows and doors are made as airtight as possible. This necessitates the organization of ventilation of the premises. What ventilation system to choose and how to properly equip it - you will learn from this article.

General rules for ventilation of apartments

According to SNiP, air exchange must be organized in each residential building. Therefore, the apartments are provided with a ventilation system designed to remove air from service premises, such as a bath, toilet, kitchen.

Scheme of organizing ventilation in an apartment building

Each member of the family uses these rooms several times daily, as a result of which the air in them is polluted, moisture accumulates in it. With proper ventilation, these consequences of human activity are invisible. But if the air exchange in the apartment is disturbed, this manifests itself:

, the formation of condensate;
the appearance of dampness in the corners, mold;
stagnation of air, the spread of unpleasant odors throughout the premises.

All this negatively affects not only the state of furniture, decoration, but also human health. Excess moisture and heat - a favorable environment for the reproduction of pathogens.

We check the performance of ventilation in the apartment

How efficiently is your home ventilated? This can be found out on your own. It is necessary to open the window in one of the rooms and attach a thin sheet of paper to the vent. If it starts to be sucked in, the ventilation works, if not, there are problems with air exchange in the housing.

Note: the thrust is checked in the same way if a lit match is presented to the hole.

Ventilation can be measured with an anemometer. This device shows the speed of movement of air through the channels. The resulting value, together with the cross-sectional indicator of the ventilation hole, is entered into a special calculation table, and as a result, they find out how much air passes through the grate in 1 hour (m 3 / h).

Ventilation work in the house, check

How ventilation works in a typical apartment

In all high-rise buildings forced-air and exhaust ventilation of natural type is organized. On its basis, air exchange rates for city apartments are calculated. According to this system, air must enter the housing through door, window openings / leaks, open vents, and be removed through the ventilation ducts.

This principle of air exchange worked before the appearance on the market of PVC windows equipped with sealed double-glazed windows, and metal doors equipped rubber seals. On the one hand, they strengthen, but on the other hand, they block the flow of fresh air into the rooms. Opening windows (especially in winter) is impractical, since heat leaves the apartment, and cold air and dust enter from outside.

The problem of ventilation is particularly acute in upper floors. In order for the air to be effectively removed from the room, it must pass through a vertical channel of at least 2 m. This is possible on any floor except the last one (because there is an attic above it).

Bottom line: supply and exhaust apartments, based on natural air supply, are ineffective today. It needs to be improved by using additional devices.

Supply and exhaust ventilation of apartments

How to organize the ventilation of the apartment

Determination of air exchange rates

The choice of ventilation system is based on the calculation of air exchange rates for different rooms. To determine the optimal volume of inflow, it is necessary to compare the norms of ventilation of the apartment with its area and the number of inhabitants. For 1 m 2 of housing, 3 m 3 of air should flow in 1 hour. One adult needs 30 m 3 of air for every 60 minutes. The air exchange rate is:

for a kitchen with a gas stove - 90 m 3 / h, with an electric one - at least 60 m 3 / h;
for - 25 m 3 / hour,
for a toilet, or a combined bathroom - 50 m 3 / hour.

Air exchange

Ways to organize ventilation in the apartment

There are two methods for installing ventilation in an apartment building:

natural (natural) way - based on the use of traction resulting from the temperature difference inside and outside the structure;
forcibly - when traction is organized artificially, mechanically. It can be supply, exhaust, or combined.

In order to reach the targets optimal microclimate in the apartment, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of each system.

How Masses Circulate Naturally

This is the simplest, low-cost method of organizing ventilation, which is used in most multi-storey buildings. Air enters the premises through vents, gaps in windows and doors, and is removed through ventilation ducts arranged in the walls of the building.

But since modern technologies construction exclude the formation of gaps for air supply, they must be equipped additionally. To do this, special valves are installed in the walls or windows to let air in from the outside. These devices do not spoil appearance design, and, thanks to sound-reflecting visors, do not let in noise from the street.

Install supply valves in the walls, at the level of radiators. Pre-make a hole of the required diameter (50-100 mm). A valve is inserted into it, the gaps between it and the wall are sealed. All work takes about 15 minutes.

Note: by placing supply valves near radiators, you will provide partial heating of the air coming from the street.

Air circulation naturally

The main advantages of this type of ventilation are low cost, ease of installation and maintenance. But the effectiveness of the functioning of the valves depends on how well the ventilation ducts in the house work. The system provides high-quality air exchange in winter, when the temperature difference inside and outside the building is large, and the draft is stronger. In summer and when the temperature difference is less than 15˚С, its work is almost imperceptible. Significant drawback natural ventilation - lack of control over the volume of incoming and outgoing air, the microclimate in the apartment.

Arrangement of forced-type exhaust ventilation

When the removal of exhaust air from the premises naturally impossible, it is pumped out mechanically. For these purposes, fans are used, which are built into the ventilation shafts of bathrooms and kitchens. They create a rarefaction of air in the premises, due to which it is drawn in from the outside (through open windows or supply valves).

The disadvantage of such a system is the uncontrolled volume of inflow coming naturally. It may not be enough for the needs of people living in the apartment. To prevent part of the heat from being spent on heating fresh air, supply valves are installed near radiators. Also, supply devices can be equipped with special electric heaters.

Ventilation forced type

Influx organized forcibly

If the amount of air coming from the street is not enough for the needs of the residents, it can be forced in. For this, special supply units are used. They consist of:

fan;
filter;
shut-off valve;
air heater;
silencer.

To install equipment in the main wall of the building, a hole is made corresponding to the diameter of the supply unit. After installing the system, it is connected to a power source. It begins to supply fresh air into the room, and the exhaust air is removed. natural draft through ventilation ducts. In order for air to be supplied to all rooms, to the lower part interior doors install gratings, or cut them by 1.5-2 cm.

Forced supply ventilation in the apartment useful in that clean air enters the apartment in any weather all year round. The unit operates silently, and due to the heating of the inflow, condensation and mold do not form in the room. The disadvantage of the system is an uncontrolled air outlet. If the exhaust ducts cannot cope with the load, or there is no draft, the exhaust air begins to stagnate in the apartment.

Supply ventilation in the apartment

Full forced air exchange

To ensure the comfort of people living in the apartment, to create a microclimate favorable for their health, it is necessary to constantly supply fresh air from the outside and regularly remove processed masses. Forced-air ventilation is designed to ensure this. With the help of special installations, air is not only supplied / removed, but also undergoes multi-stage purification.

The most effective way to ventilate an apartment is a forced-air supply and exhaust system with heat recovery. The air supplied from the street is heated by the masses removed, which saves 70-80% of the heat that could be used to heat it. In summer, the fresh air is cooled down, which reduces the load on the air conditioner.

Forced supply and exhaust system

Forced supply and exhaust ventilation consists of:

air ducts - networks of pipes and connecting elements, through which the masses enter and exit the premises;
fans providing forced air supply and output;
air intake grilles through which outdoor air enters the building;
an air valve that prevents the entry of masses from the outside when the system is turned off;
filters that ensure the quality of the supplied air;
heater - a device that heats the flows entering the premises;
recuperator - a special cylinder with many channels, where supply air heated by the heat of the waste;
silencer;
air intakes and distributors (vent grids);
control systems - mechanical (represented by a switch), or automatic (consisting of hygro- and thermostats, pressure gauges that respond to changes weather conditions certain area).
safety system to prevent equipment overheating.

The power of the units is selected to ensure optimal air exchange in all rooms of the apartment. The equipment is installed in suspended ceilings, or separate utility room(pantry, insulated balcony).

Stages of arranging the ventilation of an apartment

To organize ventilation, you must:

analyze the feasibility and possibility of its use in the apartment. This will require expert judgment. The specialist will be able to evaluate the operation of the existing ventilation system, give recommendations for improving its operation, or installing forced installations, analyze the possibility of laying additional ventilation ducts;
make calculations to determine the optimal air exchange in different rooms;
determine the type of ventilation system that meets the conditions of a particular apartment;
draw up a ventilation scheme, including network wiring, indicating the length and cross-section of air ducts, locations and dimensions of installations;
buy necessary equipment, materials;
install and configure the system.

Tip: the type of ventilation system, its calculation, selection and installation of equipment should be carried out by experienced specialists - this is a guarantee of arrangement effective air exchange in the apartment, health, well-being of all inhabitants.

Air exchange in the apartment

Arrangement of exhaust ventilation in the kitchen

The kitchen room is intended for cooking, so it is often observed high humidity, accumulate a variety of odors. To neutralize them, an exhaust hood is provided above the stove. But does it manage to ventilate the room?

Using a range hood

Establish the removal of used air from kitchen area, applying the hood, in two ways:

by changing the air. Fresh flow enters the room through leaks, or supply valves, and the exhaust is removed by the hood into the ventilation duct;
by cleaning the air in the exhaust device and returning it back to the room. For this, recirculation type hoods are used.

These methods have one drawback - the hood removes only the exhaust air above the stove and nearby it, it cannot cover the entire kitchen space. Therefore, in addition to exhaust hood, in the room for cooking, it is necessary to additionally organize the removal of exhaust air.

Other ways to organize kitchen ventilation

Ventilation ducts in apartments have a cross section of 130x130 mm, so their throughput is on average 130-180 m 3 / hour (maximum 300 m 3 / hour). If the exhaust power is higher, this will disrupt the functioning of the air exchange system in all apartments connected to this shaft (stagnation of air will appear, odors will spread).

It is possible to equip the ventilation of the kitchen natural way. To do this, the room must have two exhaust ducts - to remove the exhaust air above the stove and for the rest of the room.

Tip: if the system does not work naturally, it is forced to organize it by installing a fan in the ventilation duct.

Apartment ventilation is an important factor in ensuring healthy and comfortable life all its inhabitants, maintaining the integrity, presentable appearance of furniture, premises. Well-coordinated, well-thought-out work of air exchange, air conditioning and heating systems will create a favorable microclimate in housing with minimal energy consumption.

It works on the same principle: air enters the room from one place, and exits from another. There are no other options. In this case, the inflow of air masses is usually carried out from the lower part of the room, the outflow (exhaust) - from the top, because the spent warm air rises to the ceiling. In this article we will talk about one type of ventilation schemes, which has recently been used in city apartments. This is a supply ventilation in an apartment with filtration.

The very scheme of the ventilation system in the apartment is very simple. This is just a ventilation shaft, penetrating all floors of the building from the basement to the roof. Each apartment is connected to it, which are closed with decorative grilles in the rooms. Channel outlets are located under the ceiling in the kitchen and toilet.

In this case, the movement of air masses inside the apartment comes from living rooms to the ventilation openings. Such a scheme is called overflow, because the air flows from one room to another, being cleaned and renewed.

This ventilation system for the time being, it was effective for an apartment, because the influx of fresh air was carried out through leaks in and windows. This is exactly what the ventilation parameters were designed for. With the advent of everything has changed not in better side. There was no air flow, which means that all ventilation stopped working. And it was a big problem for city dwellers. The first sign that the system is not working is misted windows. But there are other options to check whether the outflow of exhaust air is efficiently performed.

Related article:

In the material, we will consider the types of systems, how to independently calculate and arrange ventilation, advice and recommendations from specialists.

How to determine if the ventilation in the apartment is working effectively

The easiest way is to attach a paper napkin to the decorative grille of the ventilation duct. If she fell, then the hood is zero.

Attention! Never use fire to test. Accumulates inside the ventilation ducts and shaft a large number of cobwebs, debris, fat and oil deposits. When in contact with fire, all this flares up like gunpowder.

Side problems:

humidity inside the bathroom decreases slowly;
in the toilet unpleasant odors hold on for a long time;
smells from cooking spread throughout the apartment;
heavy air in the rooms;
mold appears on the windows;
microparticles of dust, pet hair, carpet pile are collected in the air, which negatively affects people's health.

Forced ventilation is a modern solution to the problem

To solve the problem, you need to create a supply exhaust ventilation for an apartment. That is, there is already an exhaust hood in the building, it is necessary to organize a way to deliver fresh air from the street to the premises. There are several options that will be discussed.

First of all, it is necessary to indicate that supply ventilation is divided into two categories: natural and forced:

Natural. This is when the air, according to the laws of physics, moves from the room below to the exhaust vent near the ceiling. That is, fresh air with a lower temperature enters the apartment from below, and exhaust air comes out from above, with more high temperature. In this case, it is very important to observe the parameters of the holes among themselves. This is especially true for intakes. They must be a certain size to fit. bandwidth corresponding to the standard.
Forced Scheme- this is when a fan is installed in the lower holes. That is, the air is driven into the premises by force.

The second option is more efficient than the first, but more expensive in terms of initial investment. Money, and in terms of operation. Because the operation of the fans will take electricity, for which you will have to pay. But such fans are low-power, so the payment will be negligible.

How is air supplied

When it comes to natural supply system ventilation, then organize it in two ways.

Specially installed in plastic windows. They are installed either in the gap between the opening sash and the frame, or today they use special handles in which holes are made.

In the wall in contact with the street, they make through holes(it is not forbidden to do this) where cylindrical air valves are inserted.

Attention! There are no restrictions on where to install air valves in the wall. But it is recommended to do this over heating radiators. So that in winter the incoming cold air is immediately heated without changing temperature regime in the premises.

How to make forced ventilation in the apartment with your own hands

This is simple process, the main thing is to accurately select the installation itself in diameter and length. Consider mounting over:

A photo	Description of works
	To drill a hole in the wall, a hammer drill and a diamond core bit of the appropriate diameter are required.
	It turned out such a through hole.
	A corrugated hose or is inserted into it, which will serve as the trunk of the ventilation passage.
	Be sure to install a sealing insert made of polypropylene, which will close the gap between the pipe and the walls of the hole. In fact, this is a heater that will not allow air to penetrate through the gap.
	A protective box is installed in place, and marks are made through the mounting holes on the wall in which holes for fasteners must be drilled.
	Holes are drilled under fasteners where the plastic dowels are inserted.
	The box is installed in place and attached to the wall with self-tapping screws.
	A filter is installed inside the box.
	From above, the entire structure is closed with a lid. There is a hole on the side through which fresh air will enter the room.

Forced ventilation

It should be noted that there is also forced exhaust ventilation, which differs from forced supply ventilation only in that the fan is installed on the exhaust. There is another option that bears the name - a forced supply and exhaust scheme. This is when the fans are installed on both the air supply and the exhaust. This system more often used in private housing construction. In apartments - either exhaust or supply air. Although it should be noted that today manufacturers ventilation equipment offer a variety of new air handling units for apartments. They are compact, efficient, but not cheap.

Since the topic of the article is the supply ventilation of the apartment, we will consider this particular option. As mentioned above, the supply circuit is the presence of a fan. Therefore, there are air valves on the market, inside which small fans are installed. The photo below shows two types of such devices: with a cylindrical channel shape and rectangular.

In principle, the process of installing such a valve from the previous one is no different:

it is also necessary to make a through hole with a puncher and a crown;
install a cylindrical valve in it;
fill the space between the device and the walls of the hole with mounting foam;
connect the fan to the power supply;
install a cover from the side of the street that will protect the hole from the penetration of birds and small animals, debris and dirt;
mounted on the inside of the valve decorative lattice, with which you can adjust the power and direction of the flow of incoming air.

Forced ventilation in an apartment is not only about installing valves with fans inside. There are several options for organizing this type of ventilation system.

Air conditioner with forced ventilation for an apartment

It is necessary to indicate that the fan itself can be installed outdoors or inside the house on the case indoor unit conditioner. The photo below shows the first option with the installation of a fan on the street, which is connected to a room in the apartment with a hose.

Air purification system for an apartment - Tion installation

The supply ventilation unit must necessarily be provided with a cleaning system, because the air entering from the outside is primarily dust. Various filtration materials are used for this. Consider how the incoming air is cleaned using the example of a supply unit Tion Breezer 02. The photo below shows what filters it consists of. this device.

The unit uses a three-stage filtration layer consisting of different filtration materials:

The first stage traps large solid impurities.
The second traps small particles, pollen and smoke. This is an accordion-shaped filter made of fibrous material.
The third is an adsorption-catalytic filter that traps microbes and odors. The device is based on Activated carbon small granules.

The Tion ventilation units themselves are classified according to their performance, which depends on the size and speed of the fan. Today, the manufacturer offers three positions with a capacity of 45, 70 and 120 m³ of air per hour.

As for the usual wall valves, then inside them there is a filter for air into the apartment in the form of material rolled into a cylinder. Here, manufacturers use materials that are different in structure, the main requirement for which is the maximum purification of the supplied air. The filter can be installed either inside the valve pipe or in outdoor unit installed on the inner wall of the room in the apartment.

The choice of air filters for the apartment

The choice of filtration material must be approached from a two-sided position. The denser it is, the cleaner the air at the outlet, but at the same time the speed of passage of air masses decreases, and, accordingly, the performance of the valve itself. Therefore, filters are divided according to the degree of purification:

Mesh filters that trap contaminants with sizes within 10 microns. They belong to the category of coarse filters marked G3 and G
Medium cleaning materials, referred to as G5, which trap particles in the size range of 1 µm.
Absolute cleaning. These are materials through which only the smallest particles with sizes less than 0.1 microns pass. Their marking is G7.

Supply ventilation with air heating

Manufacturers ventilation valves supply type went further in terms of increasing the comfortable operation of devices. They began to supply them with devices that heat the air entering the apartment. This, of course, increases maintenance costs, but such installations quickly became popular. For example, the same Tion devices are equipped with ceramic heating elements, which are installed between the first and second filtration stages.

Supply air valves are also supplied with heating devices. Usually they are mounted in the installation cylinder. Manufacturers today offer different variants: these are connected to electrical network home heaters or heating system. In apartments, electrical analogues are usually used, because it is forbidden to do any manipulations with heating.

Overview of prices for air handling units

Today, buying a ventilation unit is not a problem. A huge variety of models and brands makes it possible to accurately select the device for the required conditions of their operation, which is based on indoor air exchange. At the same time, the supply and exhaust ventilation installations themselves are so simple that it is not difficult to install them with your own hands.

Model	Characteristics	price, rub.
	Type of installation - wall. Heating type - electric. Power - 1.45 kW. Productivity - 120 m³ / h. Noise level - 32 dB. Dimensions: 514x454x163 mm. Weight - 9 kg.	33000
	Productivity - 70 m³ / h. Power - 40 watts. Power - 220 V. Dimensions: 467x270x132 mm. Weight - 3 kg.	19000
	Power: 3.5-4.6 W. Transported air temperature: from -20°С to +50°С. Power - 220 V. Fan speed: 570-1100 rpm. The heater is ceramic.	20000
	Productivity: 35−58 m³/h. Power: 2.8-4.8 W. Power - 220 V. Fan speed: 1150-2100 rpm.
	Type - supply and exhaust. Productivity: 30−100 m³/h. Power: 12-45 W. Rotation speed: 2200 rpm. Weight - 31 kg. Transported air temperature: from -20°C to +60°C.	34500

Forced ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows is the most effective method achieve optimal air exchange in the rooms. At the same time, there is no need to think over the hood, as is done in private homes. After all, the ventilation shaft, penetrating the entire apartment house, should already provide the outflow of polluted air with maximum performance. But we must also take into account the fact that the influx of air masses must be organized in residential premises. This is how the air exchange will be better in them.

Ventilation design

Before starting the installation of supply and exhaust ventilation in a building, it is worthwhile at the beginning to draw up a sketch of the ventilation system project. Reproduce all calculations on paper:

pipe length dimensions for air outlet;
set of air ducts for air exchange;
choose a location installation system;
choose a place for the location of air - a fence and a grate.

In addition to everything, a place is chosen - the location and dimensions of the air ducts (in particular, the diameter of the pipes). Wide diameter providing more airflow for better performance. But unfortunately not all apartments have high ceilings, which does not allow the installation of wide pipes. In addition, there is a drawback in the design of narrow air ducts, this is the creation of noise during the operation of the fans.

How a ventilation device works

The supply and exhaust ventilation unit has a simple design. Air ducts and fans play a major role in its work. Other details are involved as a reunion and fastening of the main elements. They provide Good work all system functions. When using a sensor, a power regulator and a filter, the basic properties of ventilation are improved with subsequent automation.

Making an entrance and an exit of the air which is in the general area or in versatile rooms. They fit well with large buildings and apartments.

The installation scheme for the installation of supply and exhaust ventilation is divided into 2 stages:

for small apartments connect a unit that has 2 fans in top floor;
for cottages, installation is carried out using an air duct in the ceiling area throughout the apartment, in all rooms where the connection is made to all points with different power units.

What types of systems are involved in air circulation

Basically there are three types of ventilation:

modular type;
monoblock type;
heat recuperators.

Each of them carry out one and the same task.

Bringing in and out of air together.
Balance the normal microclimate in the building.

According to its structure, it refers to a mechanical system in which air exchanges occur with the help of a special unit. Each of them has two fans:

Supply
Exhaust.

Norms and indicators of ventilation, as well as air conditioning in the apartment

In each residential building or apartment, a small air exchange is required, consisting of a calculation of 3 m3 / h per 1 m2 of area - SP 54.13330.2011 residential multi-apartment buildings.

Permissible extraction rate for utility rooms:

Kitchen with electric stove - 60 m3/h.
Kitchen with gas - stove - 90 m3/h.
Bathroom, WC - 25 m3/h.
Combined bathroom - 50 m3/h.
Storage room, wardrobe - 25 m3/h.

Regulatory degree of temperature:

AT summer season- 22-25 C.
In the cold season - 20-22 C.

Mounting Features

The installation of a supply and exhaust ventilation system in buildings is carried out during repair and construction works associated with dirty procedures in the form of plastering, puttying, especially the ceiling part, where the main blocks of ventilation units are located. However, many do not have exact instructions on how to arrange them. Mounting options have several directions of supply installations: they produce ventilation outside the building, under the ceiling, from the floor. The design of the device itself consists of:

Air intake valve.
Purification filter.
Heating device.
A device that is activated when the lower temperature scale is reached, when the air at the exit does not have time to heat up with the incoming flow.
A device consisting of a block inside which the incoming flow is heated. Designed to save, using a variety of energy efficient use of less consumption.
The block of the cooling controlling an output and an input of an air stream.
If the flow is obstructed, a fan and a humidifier are specially installed for the passage of air.
If created maximum level and the degree of sound during the work of supply ventilation put a noise absorber.

In order to ensure the high-quality operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation, an auto - on/off switch control unit - of different nodes is specially built in (in the summer they turn off the heating option and turn on the air cooling, and vice versa in the winter season).

At the end of all installation activities, it is checked for high-quality operation of the hood in this way, any paper sheet or a lit match is brought to the ventilation grate. By swaying the paper and directing the flame towards the grate and into the ventilation, the appliance works well. If not, then the channel is clogged and needs to be cleaned. If the system still does not work, it is worth using the help of a special team to identify the causes and correct them.

In our pursuit of thoroughly insulating our home and keeping it warm, we are often faced with reverse side this "good" - the stagnation of air.

To prevent this from happening, supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment is installed. What are the types of equipment, how do they differ from each other and how much do they cost. This will be discussed.

In a poorly ventilated room, approximately the same thing happens as in an aquarium that has not been cleaned for a long time - the space is filled with the waste products of its inhabitants, the atmosphere becomes “used out”, unsuitable for life.

The rooms are filled with dust. And dust is millions of skin particles, pile of carpets, pet hair, the smallest microorganisms, pests, pathogens. All this is inhaled by people. It is especially bad for babies and allergy sufferers.

The lack of oxygen also has a negative effect on well-being - a person quickly gets tired, his mood deteriorates, his eyes hurt and get tired, “puts pressure on his head”. Residents of such houses often get sick, catch colds easily.

How to know if the rooms do not have enough fresh air:

If the smells from the kitchen quickly spread throughout the house, soak clothes, stay in the air for a long time.
The bathroom is stuffy, damp, smells do not disappear for a long time.
Wetter air can cause condensation on windows.
The appearance of mold near the windows, between the tiles, in the far corners.
The smell of damp, musty.

Conventional ventilation, although useful, has a number of disadvantages: a portion of icy air quickly bursts into the apartment, and drafts are very dangerous, and temperature fluctuations are not good for anyone.

The city street is filled with exhaust gases and industrial smoke. Yes, and airing is done manually, which means it takes time and attention.

Supply ventilation units

Ventilation systems can be:

Supply.
Exhaust.
Mixed.

The supply air passes the air into the room, the exhaust removes it to the outside.

From exhaust systems can be of little use, especially if the room is well insulated and the windows and doors are airtight.

Their principle of operation assumes that oxygen will penetrate into the room in a natural way and squeeze out the warmer one.

Supply systems are more efficient and can supply the room fresh air from the outside. PU (air handling units) can be very different from each other. For example:

valve for plastic windows- This simple ventilation installed directly in the window frame.
Supply fans - mounted in walls or windows. They are mainly used where the climate is mild.

Such designs do not regulate the temperature of the air entering the house - they are not advised to be used in regions with frosty winters.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system

The correct supply and exhaust ventilation system in the apartment should have:

heating;
filter;
soundproofing;
automation that will regulate the quantity and quality of air.

All types of ventilation can be natural and forced. In most apartments, even at the construction stage, a common exhaust ventilation shaft with natural draft is laid.

Most the best way- a combination of supply and exhaust ventilation, and it must be calculated and designed by specialists. Mistakes made in the design will lead to drafts or inefficient ventilation.

Individual supply ventilation unit

Such devices got their name because they serve one room.

The system capacity is about 100 cubic meters per hour.

All components of the IPU (individual supply unit) are assembled in one housing, they have small size, and mounting them is much easier than a bulky typesetting system.

The downside is that the device is located inside the building and the sound of its operation can interfere with residents.

Installing compact installation, you should direct the flow of incoming air towards the kitchen or bathroom so that odors do not spread around the apartment.

Forced ventilation - perfect solution for poorly ventilated areas. But in winter, when the air temperature is low, it is necessary to heat it up so that the room has a healthy climate. For these purposes is used. Read about types, models and ways to calculate power.

How to turn on the boiler and how to turn it off, read.

And here you will learn how to choose the right air ionizer for an apartment.

Duct supply ventilation

If the system is called a channel, it means that the air movement is carried out here through special air ducts, and serves the entire building.

This is the main type of ventilation, it allows you to create a complete system. To implement the project, you will need to mount and hide a network of channels in the space under the ceiling, and bring gratings into the room.

Channel type ventilation system

The description of the equipment may not indicate that the system is channel, since most ventilation devices, except for individual ones, they are.

The performance of the installation for an apartment or house can be 300-500 cubic meters per hour. For large cottages, office buildings and public institutions, equipment is selected for 2-3 thousand cubic meters per hour.

Combination of air handling unit and air conditioning

In parallel with ventilation, air conditioning can also be carried out - it is cleaned and humidified.

There are two versions of such a system:

From multiple air conditioners.
Channel system based on one air conditioner.

Both of these options are modifiable.

So, if you use a number of air conditioners in each room, you can set a comfortable temperature. But even if a duct network is used, thermostats and valves can be mounted at the outlets in each room, then when the temperature is reached, the valve will shut off the air supply and then open again.

A softer supply of cold air provides zonal distribution. On the roof or other remote room, one outdoor unit, which is connected by air ducts to the network of indoor units.

Supply and exhaust ventilation with a heat exchanger

Of course, rapid air heating is an energy-intensive process. So, in order to raise the temperature from -25 ° C to an acceptable +18, a launcher that produces 330 cubic meters per hour will spend about 5 kW. This is a significant burden on the network and on the budget. To reduce costs, a recuperator is used.

A recuperator is a device that raises the temperature of the incoming air, due to its heat exchange with the already warm air leaving the room. However, they do not mix.

Air handling unit with heat recovery

It is advisable to install such a model where ventilation volumes are significant. In apartments, recuperators are practically not found, since they require an increase in air lines, and this, in conditions limited space, is not easy to do. Also, a clear disadvantage of the system is that it can carry odors from the kitchen and bathrooms throughout the house. And the cost of such devices is higher, especially if the heat exchanger is equipped with an anti-freeze system.

Inexpensive plate heat exchangers are not recommended to be installed in cold regions, as they freeze in winter.

Price

The price of supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment varies from the configuration of the system. Compact launchers, such as Selenga, Eco freshness, Sfera, Breather Tion, iFresh and others, can be bought for 17-55 thousand rubles. It all depends on the configuration, functions and power of the device.

Channel systems consist of a number of mechanisms that can be purchased separately, or you can take ready kit. These can be: filters, exhaust and supply fans, air heaters, recuperators, sensors, automation unit, control panel, fasteners, housings, etc. Depending on what and how much is included in the kit, ventilation can cost 50-230 thousand rubles.

An example of supply and exhaust equipment:

EPVS - 200 from Electrolux.
Productivity - 200 m 3 / h. Power 75 W, with plate heat exchanger.
Low noise level, air purification and humidification, automation with a control panel, electronic frost protection. It is mounted to round air ducts.
Price - 52 thousand rubles.

Conclusion

In well-ventilated rooms it is easier to breathe and work better. The selection of equipment should be made taking into account the size of the room, the number of people in it long time and the nature of impurities in the atmosphere ( high humidity, dustiness, etc.), it is also worth considering maximum temperatures winter and summer. If everything is calculated correctly, the ventilation system will create an excellent microclimate in the house.