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The second level in the apartment. Comfortable mezzanine: we make the second floor in a house with high ceilings An office, a library or a small workshop

How to make a second floor in a room?

A full-fledged second floor can only be built if the ceiling height in the room is at least 4 meters. Most modern apartments cannot boast of such values, and therefore an inferior second floor-mezzanine can be organized in them.

For example, if you remove sleeping place, then a significant space will be freed up in the room. How to do it and where to start?

How to calculate the parameters for the second floor in a room?

As mentioned above, for the equipment of a full-fledged second floor, the ceiling height should not be less than 4 meters. And how much space is needed to equip a sleeping place on the second tier?

It's easy to calculate. In a sitting position, a person occupies a height of about 1 meter, add to this value the height of the bed, the width of the mattress and blanket, and another 20 centimeters. It turns out that the second tier should be at least 1.2 meters from the ceiling.

The resulting space under the mezzanine on the lower tier should be at least 2 meters. However, this value can fluctuate in different directions, depending on how this space is supposed to be equipped.

How to make a second tier in a room?

The second tier is created with:

supports;
beams;
stairs;
gender;
balustrades (fences).

In most cases, the mezzanine is made of wood. The staircase plays an important role in achieving a harmonious combination of the first and second tiers. Ideal is one in which the height of the step is not less than 15 cm, and the depth is not less than 26 cm. However, such a staircase will take up a lot of space and can simply overload the space. Sometimes small spiral staircases or attic stairs are used. It should be borne in mind that the latter are not very safe, especially if there are children in the house.

A special role in the equipment of the second tier in the room should be given to the balustrade. It must be reliable and prevent a possible fall if a person, for example, stumbled. The fence should be well thought out if there are small children at home.

How to make a second floor in a room? Ventilation and light

These parameters are very important if it is planned to equip a sleeping or working place on the second tier. As you know, warm air always accumulates under the ceiling (especially during the heating season). If you do not think about ventilation, then sleeping in closeness will be simply unbearable.

Ideal if the second tier will be equipped near the ventilation grate. If this is not possible, then you need to turn to professionals who will combine the second tier with the ventilation system using flexible pipes and a fan.

As far as lighting is concerned, then there are two options. If it is supposed to equip the second tier for a berth, then lamps are perfect as light sources. If a workplace is to be equipped, it is desirable to have access to natural light. This can be achieved by making the second tier at the window. If this is not possible, then several lamps with diffused and directional light will help bring the lighting as close to natural as possible.

How to make a second floor in a room? A photo

An apartment with high ceilings a priori has a lot of advantages, even if the second floor has not yet been built in the room - it looks lighter, more spacious, its very atmosphere becomes favorable for residents. But if you decide to start a renovation, then the issue of wall decoration and lighting equipment becomes acute. Everything becomes important, even such trifles as the length of the curtains. Accordingly, much more finishing materials will be required than for the repair of an ordinary apartment. Therefore, you should seriously think about creating a second floor, because the height makes it possible to carry out such work, due to which the usable area will immediately increase by 20-50%.

A suitable ceiling height for arranging the second tier in an apartment is about 4 m (in an ordinary low standard apartment - 2.4 m). The upper floor can be made not too high, because it is usually used for sleeping or passive recreation.

Technical requirements

For the organization of the second tier, high ceilings alone are not enough: this will also require a very strong lower ceiling that can withstand the weight of your superstructure. To find out if your apartment is suitable for this kind of redevelopment, the commission of the architectural department and the housing inspection will help, without their permission it is impossible to carry out work in any case, this may entail fines and the need to return the housing to its original form. If the commission approved the possibility of redevelopment and the creation of a second floor, then you need to draw up a design plan. What will be required:

The area of the room on the second floor;
Number of supports;
Locations of supports in the apartment;
Estimated level of load on the floors.

The load is calculated based on what exactly you want to turn the second tier into. If it is small, then it makes sense to place only a bed there, and if there is a lot of space, then on the second tier it is quite possible to place a dressing room or even equip a library or office.

By design, the second tier can be different: sometimes it is placed along the walls of the apartment, along the perimeter of the room, sometimes it is made in the form of a balcony along one wall - everything here is limited only by your imagination.

Design and interior in the apartment

Thinking about how to beat the second tier and the interior in it, do not forget that it should fit into the common room, and the resulting two-story room should not look overloaded and cluttered. The design and interior of the room will help to cope with this. You can turn to specialists who will prepare for you a 3D model of the house and a suitable interior, or try to create your own unique design. Below are several options for the successful placement of the second tier and furniture in the room:

On the 2nd floor, it is possible to place a podium bed, and under it, on the lower tier, make a relaxation area with a sofa, a table and a TV, and the latter can be placed on the wall, so that it can be clearly seen both from below and from above;
Make an office or sleeping area upstairs, and place a dining and living room under it. Cute lamps with soft light will help to add coziness to the interior;
In the space of the second floor, place a bedroom and a relaxation area, and equip a kitchen, a shower and a bathroom downstairs so that the sounds of communications do not interfere with a comfortable stay upstairs. Here, on the balcony, it makes sense to equip an office for an appropriate interior, where you can focus on work;
If you have a studio, make a spacious kitchen-living room on the ground floor, and move the bed and other personal items upstairs, and then the guests who come to the house will not embarrass you;
If you are confused by the supports and their number, convert them into a bar counter - this will help save space and add a stylish touch to the interior design.

In general, the presence of the second tier gives a lot of scope for creating a unique design, almost any interior you have thought up will look stylish and modern, if, of course, you choose the right furniture and finishing materials. In modern interior design of this kind of premises, eco-style is very often used, which is characterized by natural materials and natural colors. Make a structure from natural wood, because it has solid advantages: strength, durability, expensive and presentable appearance, and finally, just a pleasant smell. Returning to your city apartment in the center of the metropolis, you will feel like in a cozy house in the forest.

Since the space of the second floor usually turns out to be lower than the first one, which must necessarily make it possible to move around it to its full height, the furniture for the second tier will also need to be appropriate:

For the interior design of the bedroom, it is better to choose a podium bed, bedside tables or chests of drawers without legs, you can expand the room with the help of mirrors, and wallpaper or other finishes with vertical stripes will help to visually increase the height. If you have chosen an eco-style for your home, then even vertically installed wooden beams will do;
If you have an office upstairs, then a wooden interior will also be appropriate here, because all the details of such a room are usually made of wood - a table, bookcases, shelves, etc. If the office does not occupy the entire area of the second tier, but only part of it, then it is better to isolate it with the same bookcases so that at least some privacy is present in the office;
Most likely, much less natural light will fall on the second tier, so this part of the room needs additional lighting. Sconces and floor lamps directed upwards will help to visually increase the height of the room, but more bulky chandeliers in the room, on the contrary, will steal space and add the feeling that the ceiling is “pressing” on the head;
To decorate the walls, you can use light wallpaper with a floral pattern, such a design will both decorate the room and at the same time not look intrusive, not conspicuous and not distracting. The same applies to curtains - it is better to choose light-colored curtains to the full height of the walls - this way they will visually stretch the room. In the decoration of walls and windows, try to avoid horizontal lines, it is better to prefer diagonals or vertical stripes.

As it was written in the previous article, when buying an apartment with a ceiling height of 4.5 m, I immediately understood what it would be. The second level is sometimes called a mezzanine or ramp.

On the second tier, you can place a bedroom, an office, I even thought about making a large bathroom. But being married and tough man, then I decided that on the second level there would be a bedroom and a dressing room, in a 50/50 ratio.

Here I will not talk about the convenience, practicality or design of duplex apartments. An article about the choice of material, calculation of the load, height and cost of work on the installation of metal structures in an apartment.

When I put things in order in the apartment, two or three "masters of their craft" came and offered their services. The funniest thing was to make a mezzanine out of wood. To my question “How to attach to the walls?” he, with a full understanding of the matter, answered “With self-tapping screws for wood” ... Into a partition made of gas block 7 cm thick ... Pure engineering genius

For reference, there is a special fastener for the gas block. I hope that this unfortunate master did not overlap anyone in our house. Money is not a pity, the main thing is that the structure does not collapse.

Material selection: If there was a large corner bath on the second floor, it would be a channel. But after analyzing the maximum load, weighing himself and his wife, the choice fell on a profile pipe 3x40x80. It is also due to the struggle for every centimeter.

Profile pipe load

Please note that this table shows the maximum load, taking into account the length of the span. Even if the weight is exceeded by at least 1 kg, this will lead to deformation of the profile pipe. The margin of safety should exceed the calculated load by 2-3 times.

Height calculation: We will spend most of the time in the kitchen (1st floor), again, when guests come, they will also be located in the kitchen, and not in the bedroom. It was unanimous to make the first floor 225 cm, and the second 190 cm (height to the rails).

Features of the installation of metal structures:

Cost of work: The approximate cost of this metal structure in Rostov-on-Don, together with the material today 50000 rubles. It includes consumables, fasteners, delivery services and movers.

Rooms with high ceilings are suitable for mezzanine (French - entresol). The mezzanine is the upper mezzanine, built into the main volume of the high room of a residential building (apartment) or a shelf under the ceiling for storing everything you need and do not need.

On the mezzanine floors, rooms for recreation (for example, bedrooms), work (secluded offices, libraries, etc.) are very often placed, and they are also often used as utility spaces in the form of pantries or utility shelves under the ceiling.

The photographs below show the process of implementing one of the projects, the construction of load-bearing mezzanine structures in an isolated apartment with a ceiling height of more than 4 m.

The device of the second floor in a house with high ceilings

Before designing these structures, a survey of the existing structures of a five-story residential building built in the 1930s was carried out. First of all, I was interested in the question: what structures can be used as carriers for supporting the mezzanine?

Then the issues of the location of the mezzanine rooms, stairs, the composition of the ceiling and the arrangement of floors, the provision of natural light, ventilation, etc. were worked out. The sections of the load-bearing metal beams and the stair stringer were calculated and selected.

As can be seen from the photographs, it was decided to install a fairly steep staircase with stepwise steps (the angle of inclination of the stairs was 58°). Such a staircase with beech wooden steps made it possible to save the space of the lower level of the apartment as much as possible and fit well into the interior of the kitchen-studio.