Pvu for an apartment. Rules for calculating the minimum air exchange volume

A healthy microclimate in an apartment can only be ensured by good ventilation. Modern building technology practically nullify the efficiency of natural air exchange systems. Therefore, consumers are increasingly thinking about installing supply and exhaust ventilation in apartments.

The importance of apartment ventilation

Signs of poor ventilation in the apartment:

• musty smell;
• aromas of the kitchen spread to other rooms;
• stuffy in the bathroom;
• the smell of air freshener lingers in the toilet for a long time;
• mold may appear in far corners and near windows.

But unpleasant odors are not the worst. Residents in an unventilated apartment suffer from a lack of oxygen in the winter: depressed mood, pain in the eyes and fatigue are just the very first signs of a lack of oxygen in the body.

Millions of dust particles, particles of the epithelium, pet hair, villi from carpets and clothes are in the air and enter the respiratory tract.

Children suffer the most from dust allergies, and allergy sufferers also have a hard time. Normal air exchange eliminates this problem. Together with the air flow, all harmful allergens and impurities are removed from the room.

Many owners of air conditioners are convinced that they are provided with fresh and clean air. This is a dangerous misconception: the air conditioner only filters the air, partially solving the problem of impurities.

But there is no more oxygen in the room. Only the most expensive premium models have an inflow function.

The problem is eliminated by installing supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment or by increasing the inflow (outflow) of air. Supply ventilation in the apartment can also be adjusted by installing special valves on the windows.

Supply ventilation units

Supply ventilation units provide clean air to the apartment. At the same time, the outflow is carried out by the ventilation system of the house - the exhaust air is forced out through all possible slots and openings, including exhaust in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. As a result, it creates combined system ventilation.

Benefits of installing fresh air ventilation:

• relatively low price;
• air of optimal parameters is supplied to the room;
• compactness;
• selection of equipment for the parameters of each apartment;
• automatic control.

Before entering the room, the air in the ventilation unit is filtered and heated (during the cold season).

The supply unit for ventilation consists of:

• air duct systems;
• fan, heater;
• filters, silencer;
• automatic control unit.

The supply ventilation unit can be stacked, that is, it can be assembled from parts according to the type of constructor directly on site. The main disadvantage of the prefabricated supply ventilation unit is its large dimensions. Therefore, for the ventilation of apartments, small offices and cottages, compact monoblock air handling units are more often used.

The compact supply ventilation unit is a single soundproof housing in which all working units are assembled.

Small size and quiet operation make such equipment attractive for apartment residents. Another advantage of the compact plant: costly design and calculation work, as well as commissioning activities are not required.

Individual supply ventilation unit

Individual compact units for supply ventilation, they provide air exchange within 100 cubic meters per hour, therefore they are designed to serve a single room. Such an installation works without an air duct, is easily and quickly mounted, does not spoil the decoration and design of the room. Supply ventilation units are produced for an apartment with. They are more economical. A plate heat exchanger is built into the body, which freezes over in frosts of more than -12 degrees. Therefore, the installation of such supply ventilation in an apartment is possible only in southern latitudes.

Supply ventilation unit Marta

Ventilation unit March made in the Czech Republic is a compact case with two control knobs: air heating and fan operation intensity.

The main advantage of the Marta type air handling unit: no air duct is needed, installation takes only an hour and a half. But there are also many disadvantages:

• the body is placed directly in the room;
• poor soundproofing.

The disadvantages of installing Marta supply ventilation far outweigh the advantages. Therefore, the equipment is in limited demand.

According to the reviews, the noise of the March ventilation unit at the minimum setting does not interfere with sleep, but at the maximum it is quite noticeable.

In reviews of the Marta air handling unit, the difficulty of replacing filters is mentioned. They must be ordered from an authorized dealer, and the price is quite high.

Consumers note a loose filter mount in reviews of the March air handling unit. It has to be additionally compacted with isolon or other material.

But the advantages of the Marta air handling unit include a neat and small case, which is hung on the lower half of the door to the balcony.

Supply ventilation unit Selenga

The Selenga air supply unit is manufactured by the Moscow company Ventmachine. It differs from the previous model by the presence of automatic adjustment. The Selenga air supply unit heats the air with a safe ceramic ten and purifies it by passing it through a carbon filter. The latter is quite expensive, but some craftsmen have learned to make suitable filters from improvised means.

The supply ventilation unit Selenga collects a lot positive feedback, works quite quietly and efficiently.

Air handling unit Sphere

Supply ventilation unit Sfera is currently out of production. The unit contains a whole system of filtration and air improvement: 2 photocatalytic filters and one carbon filter, an ultraviolet lamp.

The Sphere supply unit is controlled from the remote control, equipped with an air valve that does not let cold air from the street into the room. The temperature sensor allows you to accurately maintain the temperature set by the user.

Most of the components for the Sphere ventilation unit were supplied from Germany.

Duct supply ventilation

The duct supply ventilation unit in an apartment is a stacked system: a unit with equipment from which air is supplied to the premises through air ducts.

Full ventilation for the apartment, providing air flow. The complexity of the installation lies in the placement of the unit and ventilation ducts, which must be decorated or hidden under a false ceiling. Grids are attached to the outlets of the ventilation ducts. The choice of places for them is also very important for creating comfortable environment in the apartment.

A household supply ventilation unit in an apartment should have an average capacity of 400 cubic meters of air per hour, and for country houses up to 2500 cubic meters. When purchasing a supply ventilation unit for an apartment, you should consider:

• static pressure;
• performance;
• noise level;
• complete set;
• functions of the automatic control system;
• air filtration;
• placement.

Performance. Without having special calculation skills, you can, on average, focus on the following indicators:

• for apartments with an area of ​​​​35 - 60 square meters. meters productivity of the supply unit - 200 - 350 cubic meters per hour;
• for apartments with an area of ​​70 - 130 sq. meters productivity 300 - 500.

static pressure. It depends on the length and shape of the air ducts, the number of additional filters. For apartments up to 90 sq. meters suitable supply and exhaust ventilation unit with static pressure from 450 Pa.

Network resistance must be taken into account, which reduces the actual performance of the equipment compared to the maximum declared.

Noise level. Determined at the input and output. The acoustic power of the supply and exhaust ventilation unit is of the greatest importance when it is installed directly in the apartment. If you mount the equipment in a pantry or basement, the noise will not interfere. The output noise level indicates whether the hum through the channels will reach the living rooms. Silencers are used to reduce acoustic power.

Completeness. Any ventilation unit for an apartment should be equipped with automatic control and a control panel with a display.

Automatic controller options. Most simple systems only change the intensity of rotation of the fan, the temperature of the air supplied to the room. More advanced ones notify the owner of the need to clean the filters, have the ability to set different operating modes for different times of the day. The most advanced are connected to the smart home system.

Air filtration. All supply and exhaust ventilation units are equipped with a filter coarse cleaning for the air supplied to the room. It catches fluff, coarse dust or particles of wool. Smaller particles are captured by fine filters, which is included in the optional package. An additional filter is necessary for residents of large cities with unfavorable environmental conditions. When deciding to buy it, you should know: it increases the load on the supply and exhaust ventilation system in the apartment and reduces its efficiency.

Place of installation. Choosing a location ventilation system need to be cleaned and repaired should be taken into account. A special hatch is used to replace or remove the filter. It is desirable to mount the equipment before finishing the walls, since a hole with a diameter of up to 20 cm is drilled in the outer wall. It is done using a diamond drill, which is constantly washed by water. Yes, and it is desirable to hide the air ducts under the boxes before painting and plastering the walls.

Air flow in the apartment

When planning the ventilation system in the apartment, it is important to correctly distribute the movement air currents. Clean air should be supplied to the living rooms, flow through the corridors to the kitchen, toilet and bathroom. From here, the exhaust air is removed through the ventilation grilles. Such a scheme of air movement provides increased pressure in "clean" rooms and the displacement of exhaust air from them, prevents air from being sucked from the toilet or kitchen into the living rooms.

When installing supply ventilation in an apartment, you should be aware that the exhaust ducts of natural ventilation are designed for the fact that in one hour the air in the apartment will be completely replaced once. At the same time, too intense inflow will increase the load on the exhaust system and it will stop working on other floors (the air from your apartment will be blown into the neighboring ones).

Combination of air handling unit and air conditioning

Often, the supply ventilation system is combined with air conditioning.

Conditioning methods:

• one channel air conditioner for the whole apartment;
• several split systems according to the number of rooms.

The first option is preferable, since it is the duct air conditioner that can be combined with the ventilation system. An excellent effect is also achieved when installing zone systems that provide the necessary temperature for each room without drafts.

A simpler option for an apartment is a supply ventilation unit with a cooler. That is, in the cold season, the air is warmed before entering the room, and in the warm season it is cooled.

The air handling unit can be supplemented with a humidifier.

Supply and exhaust ventilation with a heat exchanger

This is the most perfect type ventilation for the apartment. The recuperator heats the supply air using the heat from the exhaust air. The mechanism allows you to save up to 70% of the energy used for heating in winter, and this is no less than 4.5 kilowatts per hour!

These devices are very good for large apartments or country houses, ventilation and heating of which requires significant funds. Supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment with a heat exchanger makes it unprofitable in small and medium-sized apartments due to its cost. In addition, the air ducts are quite voluminous, it is difficult to hide them with low ceilings.

To learn how to assemble a supply and exhaust ventilation unit with heat recovery for an apartment with your own hands, see our video:

I want a happy life in my own apartment!

Have you bought a brand new apartment or decided to make it in your old renovation? Great, congratulations, it's time to correct the mistakes of our domestic SNIPs and GOSTs - you finally need to install the right ventilation!

Forget that hole in kitchen wall, which is mistakenly called ventilation! This hole only lets you know what your neighbors are cooking today, because all their smells are yours. It also collects sticky gray kitchen dust on the obligatory white mesh for a month, spoiling your chic kitchen with its appearance and generally blocking any access even to this miserable dirty air.

So, if you are going to make your apartment a real "home sweet home", then we are ready to provide you with really clean air! You will stop thinking about ventilation - the air will always be fresh, you will no longer wipe the dust - it will disappear forever along with a runny nose, allergies and asthma, you will no longer breathe harmful secretions from finishing materials- this air will be removed automatically.

If you have solid wood floors, parquet or parquet board, then you will forget about problems with cracks in winter and "humps" at the ends in summer. You will no longer need to ventilate the bedroom before going to bed - the air will be perfect, you will return strong, deep and healthy sleep. Your skin will no longer dry and fade, it will begin to shine, become smooth and elastic, giving you joy and a beautiful reflection in the mirror.

What is needed for this?

We have been installing ventilation systems in country houses and city apartments for 10 years. Will it be ventilation in a house or apartment - great importance does not have. Every house has a bedroom, a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom, and all these rooms need clean and healthy air, and the air is like water and food, without it we simply cannot live normally.

Kitchen- a room where odors, exhaust air and a large number of wet steam. We all spend more than one hour in the kitchen, at the time of cooking, both our well-being and the cleanliness of the room are very important, so this part of the house deserves special attention. close attention. Installation of a supply and exhaust ventilation system in the kitchen is strictly required.

bathroom- a room where the content of heat and moisture is always increased, the faithful companions of which are mold and fungus. They begin to wind up under the bath, under the sink or behind the toilet, i.e. in all hard-to-reach damp places. Condensation, moisture, dampness, and with them mold and fungus, begin to destroy your apartment and made brand new repairs, as well as kill the health of its residents, so it is also necessary to install a ventilation system in this room without fail.

Bedroom- a room where moist and stale air accumulates during and after sleep. When we sleep, we sweat, breathe out excess moisture and harmful carbon dioxide. All this must be completely removed from the premises, otherwise we run the risk of acquiring diseases of the heart, head and lungs. A person sleeps an average of 8 hours a day, a full third of his life, almost 25 out of 70 years. When you sleep, it is impossible to independently regulate the temperature, humidity and air quality in the room. This also requires an automatic supply and exhaust ventilation system.

Living room- part of the house that is connected with the premises high humidity and in which harmful fumes from finishing materials are constantly present. No matter how environmentally friendly the materials used in the decoration of the living room are, they still highlight certain harmful substances. If the air in the room does not change to fresh for an hour, then we are 80% at risk of falling ill with the most terrible diseases, including dementia and cancer. The supply and exhaust ventilation system will ensure a complete change of harmful air in due time and preserve your health.

By the way: After installing the supply and exhaust ventilation system in the apartment, there is no need for constant dust cleaning, the system removes up to 98% of dust and dirt from the room.

Almost without exception, the premises in a city apartment need constant high-quality ventilation, along with the old air, all harmful microbes, dust and dirt, as well as excess heat, moisture and carcinogens are removed from the premises.

What then is the way out?

For all that is listed above, you need only one simple solution - to install a supply and exhaust ventilation system in your apartment and ... make the planned repairs. After that, you can proudly say that life was a success, and we can say with all responsibility that we saved another apartment from decay and aging and extended the life of its owners by 20 years!

Do not put your life at risk, and the body - premature aging, make your apartment an analogue of a luxurious country house with clean and fresh air, enjoy your efforts to the fullest - we will sincerely help you with this.

What do we offer

So, there are several ways to make supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment. The two most common options are supply valves into the wall and the installation of a conventional “air inlet” with a familiar fan in the bathroom. The pluses include the fact that air begins to flow into the apartment. In general, everything.

Of the minuses, it is worth noting, for the first option, the lack of a unified valve control system for different rooms, the fragmentation of components, the bulkiness of devices and increased electricity consumption. For correct operation, it is required that the common house ventilation riser function. If your neighbors from above demolished or laid down the ventilation shaft, then goodbye ventilation.

The disadvantages of the second option are generally similar, it only needs to be said that the traditional air distribution system with successive metal air ducts has already become obsolete 20 years ago. You get a bulky and expensive to install central trunk with branches that are not serviced, clogged with dust over time and become completely unusable over the next 3-5 years.

We offer a new generation ventilation solution, modern, technologically advanced and efficient. Our equipment is easy to install, serviced during the entire period of operation, works independently of general house communications and consumes a minimum of electricity.

Our solution consists of two main parts:

1. Ventilation unit. The placement of a supply and exhaust ventilation unit with a rotary heat exchanger would be ideal. Pros - a highly efficient heat exchanger will allow you to heat the outdoor air to the desired temperature for free in the cold season, provide a partial return of moisture back to the premises of the apartment, guarantee the absence of freezing and defrost mode, as well as the arrangement of water drainage to the sewer (drainage).

All system control is carried out from the remote control remote control. High-quality filters will not allow dust to enter the apartment. Air supply is carried out without opening windows, removal - without noisy fans in the bathrooms. Electricity consumption is about 100-150 W / h, in winter it is possible to connect a built-in heater (at temperatures below -15 "C) with a power of 1 kW. Ventilation installation options - an insulated balcony, wardrobe or bathroom.

2. Air distribution system. Modern system VentyFlex flexible double-layer ducting solves all traditional problems in one go. Advantages - ease and speed of installation, small diameter (only 75 mm), minimal ceiling drops or wiring in partitions (from 75 to 100 mm), the possibility of pouring into the screed, the absence of custom-made shaped elements and bulky bends, noiseless operation. 100% serviceability during the entire period of operation. Installation does not require special qualifications or professional experience, fastening - on 6 mm perforated tape.

The principle of operation is very simple - a ventilation unit and two air distribution boxes are mounted in a convenient place. It is desirable to install these two air collectors equidistant from the air supply / exhaust points, according to the "star" principle. One box is responsible for supplying air to residential premises (bedrooms, living room, office, etc.), the other is responsible for collecting and removing exhaust air from non-residential premises (kitchen, bathrooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms).

The movement of air occurs from one zone to another, from residential to non-residential, by flowing between rooms. Air outlets are either ceiling boxes with poppet valves or telescopic wall boxes with adjustable ventilation grilles. The average air exchange rate is once per hour.

Everything is assembled according to the instructions, calmly and neatly. It is also possible as installation supervision, and installation by our teams with a guarantee for the work performed.

The geography of objects (apartments) mounted on our equipment today is Moscow, St. Petersburg, Murmansk, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Vladivostok, as well as Helsinki, Vilnius and Stuttgart.

Let's look at prices. The cost of modern air handling unit with recuperation for an apartment with an area of, for example, about 100 sq.m. is approximately 150,000 - 170,000 rubles (1 euro = 70 rubles), the cost of an air distribution system is ~ 100,000 rubles. Here it is worth adding a set of pipes for tying the ventilation unit with the street, professional insulation and fasteners, all this for a total amount of ~ 15,000 - 20,000 rubles. The cost of installation (if necessary) is usually 30% of the cost of equipment. In any case, we will need to go to the site to meet with the customer and discuss all the nuances in relation to this object.

As a result, you get an apartment filled with fresh air at the temperature you need. As in the interior of a modern car - without noise, dust and open windows. If desired, cooling in summer and humidification in winter can be added to the system. While the neighbors live - you live!

Fresh air in a living space is not a luxury, but a vital necessity for human body. Surprisingly, in our time, very few people pay attention to the issue of supply ventilation in city apartments. And there are still people who first hermetically seal window openings. plastic windows and then install air conditioners naively believing that they will provide fresh and clean indoor air. It would seem that this has already been discussed several times - household split systems operate exclusively in recirculation mode and drive air in a circle. And after all, many do not even open the windows on purpose when the air conditioner is running, thereby completely eliminating the inflow. fresh air to the apartment.

Let's solve the problem together available options her decisions. Let's start with the basics. When a person breathes, he takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Therefore, for normal life, our task is to ensure the flow of fresh air and remove carbon dioxide from a closed room. Nominally, all urban apartments have natural draft exhaust ventilation, which is directly related to the overall height of the building and the street temperature. In particular, the draft of natural ventilation in the warm season is minimal. In order for ventilation to work, air flow is necessary (even if you install a fan at the outlet from the apartment). To do this, it is imperative to open the windows, that is, manually adjust the volume of incoming air into the apartment. And if the windows are sealed plastic and also closed, then there will be no inflow of fresh air from the street, and in fact the exhaust ventilation will draw air from the entrance through the front door.

If the windows are not opened, then the apartment will be stuffy - the first sign of an excess of carbon dioxide in the air. This is fraught with at least a deterioration in well-being and a decrease in brain performance. Many mistakenly assume that the so-called air washer will help in such a situation. But it works just like a household air conditioner and drives the air in the room in a circle in recirculation mode. Yes, it traps dust particles, but unfortunately it cannot turn carbon dioxide into oxygen. And air washers eventually become a source of various bacteria that form on the filter element. Exactly the same story awaits you with an air conditioner that often works without fresh air (I think many are familiar with a nasty smell when you turn on the air conditioner in a car - and so a sign of such a smell is the very frequent operation of the air conditioner in recirculation mode, as a result of the fact that they begin to multiply on the filter bacteria that got there from the air exhaled by a person).

Therefore, as in the presence of air conditioning, and air washing, we definitely need an influx of fresh air from the street. But here another problem arises - street air filtration. If you live away from highways and large industries, and the windows of your apartment overlook a quiet courtyard - then this will concern you to a lesser extent. But what about those who live with windows facing a busy avenue? After all, you will not only have to breathe exhaust from cars and street dust, but also put up with increased noise. And in this case it becomes obvious that the street air must be filtered.

The most universal solution to the existing problem is the installation of a supply ventilation system with forced filtration of the incoming air. A device that solves all issues related to the flow of clean air necessary to ensure the full functioning of a person. Let's study how it works.

2. Let's start with the installation. I have an apartment in an eight-story brick "Stalinist" building with windows overlooking the courtyard. To install supply ventilation, you will need to make a round hole with a diameter of 120 mm in outer wall Houses. In my case the thickness brick wall was 67 centimeters. According to current regulations in load-bearing structures it is allowed to make holes with a diameter of up to 200 mm without any coordination with the relevant services. Before starting work, check that there are no electrical wiring or fittings in the wall at the installation site.

3. First, a guide platform for the drill is attached to the wall, then a hose with pressurized water is connected to cool the bit and a pumping line to a vacuum cleaner, which immediately collects all the dust and dirt from the drilling site. In terms of time, drilling lasts about 10 minutes, including the installation of an extension nozzle. The entire installation takes approximately 40 minutes.

4. A plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is installed in the hole made, wrapped with insulation around the circumference (this is necessary in order to prevent the appearance of condensate on the pipe in the cold season), two holes are made on the wall for mounting the ventilation unit. Below there is a hole in which the anchor holding the guide platform for the drill was fixed - it will be closed by the body of the device. A decorative metal grill is installed from the side of the street. The device only needs to be switched on electrical outlet with the supplied 3m cable.

5. Included is a wireless remote control that duplicates the control on the front panel. The screen displays (from left to right): the temperature of the air coming from the street, the fan speed (3 modes), the set air heating temperature (in winter, the cold air coming from the street will need to be heated) and the indication of the night mode operation (you can set the target decrease in the temperature of the air heating and the duration mode operation in hours).

6. A three-stage air purification system is used here. At the top is a basic filter with a degree of purification F5 - its main purpose is to protect against coarse dust and particles the HEPA filter located after it (stands for High Efficiency Particulate Absorbing - high-performance particle retention) with antibacterial impregnation and filtration class H11 (filters with this level of filtration are used in medical institutions). The final is a carbon adsorption-catalytic filter.

7. For measurements, we will use a high-precision calibrated CO₂ sensor connected to the Testo 480 multifunctional measuring complex. The probe is able to measure the CO₂ level, humidity and temperature. The cost of such a device is more than 100 thousand rubles. By the way, from the available home appliances able to measure the level of CO₂ in the room, I can recommend the Netatmo wireless weather station.

8. Filters after three weeks of 24/7 operation. With the naked eye, you can see how dark the base filter is. According to the instructions, the base filter replacement interval is set to one year, and HEPA filter need to be changed at least every 2 years. The condition of the basic filter must be regularly monitored because. A clogged filter can significantly reduce ventilation pressure and performance.

9. Inside the device, in the upper part, there is an electric damper that closes the round channel in the wall when the device is turned off. On the right, a thermal sensor is clearly visible, measuring the temperature of the outdoor air. In fact, it shows the temperature already in the device itself, and it is several degrees higher due to the heating of the air when passing through the wall. Also pay attention to the complete insulation of the primary chamber around the perimeter. This is necessary in order to exclude places with a sharp temperature drop (during operation in the cold season) where condensation is possible.

10. After primary purification, the air passes through a ceramic heater with a two-circuit connection used to heat the air entering the room.

11. Engineers seriously confused with the heater control circuit. Power is supplied in pulses at intervals sufficient to maintain the required outlet air temperature. The photo shows that at the first fan speed, the consumption is 15 watts. With a set increase in outdoor temperature from +15°C to +25°C, the heating element is switched on for about 2 seconds every 15 seconds. This control allows you to very accurately maintain the required air temperature with minimal energy consumption.

12. After heating element there are two main filters, and below them is a centrifugal motor with two blades. There are three air flow rates: 45, 70 and 120 m3/h. For a better representation of the figures, one can be guided by the fact that for the normal life of an adult who is not engaged in physical work, an influx of fresh air in the amount of 30 cubic meters per hour is necessary. That is, for one person in the room, the very first fan speed will be more than enough, but it will need to be increased if there are more people in the room. Since the fan is located after the filters, we have a significant drop in air pressure, which in turn negatively affects the noise level. At the first speed of the fan, although we can catch the noise, it does not bother at all. In second gear, the noise is noticeable and you pay attention to it, but it will still be quieter than if you open the window overlooking the motorway. At the third speed, the noise already causes discomfort and it is worth using it only for quick ventilation of the room.

13. Let's take measurements with the Kanomax laser particle counter. There are three lines on the screen displaying the number of particles in the test room with a size of 0.3, 0.5 and 5 microns. Measurements on the street above, below in the apartment (filtered street air on the left). As can be seen, we have an order of magnitude reduction in the number of particles after passing through three filter elements. This is the data for my area and a quiet courtyard, with windows overlooking the avenue - the difference will be greater.

14. And now the most interesting. Plots for measuring CO₂ (green), temperature (yellow) and humidity (blue). First, the measuring probe was on the street, and then it was brought into a room in which there were three adults (not engaged in physical work) and the ventilation was turned off. On the left of the graph, we see a gradually stabilized level of CO₂ in the street, which is approximately 420 ppm (stands for parts per million, that is, 420 ppm = 0.042%). The level of CO₂ in the earth's atmosphere is 400 ppm, and in major cities with a large number of vehicles, this figure can reach 500 ppm. Next, notice an interesting jump in humidity when the probe was moved into the room - what happened is an excellent example of the fact that in the cold season the air coming from the street must be heated. The same thing happened here - the temperature drop from +18°C outdoors to +24°C indoors led to a thin film of condensate on the measuring surface of the probe, hence the sharp increase in humidity, which immediately began to decrease after that. Now let's take a closer look at the green graph. In a closed room of 14 square meters, three adults raised the CO₂ level to 2200 PPM in just 20 minutes! Despite the fact that only 0.2% of the CO₂ content in the air is already considered dangerous for normal human life. At this point, the supply ventilation was turned on at maximum speed (120 m3/h), as a result of which the CO₂ level began to decrease. In general, a lot of research has been done around the world on how the level of CO₂ content affects human brain activity. There is only one conclusion - fresh air is vital for a person.

15. Let's summarize. Any domestic air conditioners and air washers operate exclusively in recirculation mode and cannot reduce the level of CO₂ in the room. Moreover, the level of CO₂ will rise like an avalanche due to the breathing of people in the room. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to use these devices with completely closed windows. But if the windows of your apartment overlook a noisy avenue, then opening the windows will lead to entry into the room not only of noise, but also of dust particles from the street. And since in our country there are actually no apartment buildings with centralized system ventilation and air conditioning (in which the supply of filtered air from the street is implemented) - compact supply ventilation with filtration of incoming air is the only way to get fresh air in the apartment.

With forced ventilation, I completely stopped opening the window for ventilation - this is no longer necessary, besides, after filtering, the street air is cleaner and therefore there is less dust in the room now. Ventilation is turned on around the clock, almost always at the first speed and does not bother at all in terms of noise.

The presence of ventilation in the premises of a residential building makes a person's stay there comfortable. Such a system may be forced, natural or mixed. Which type to choose can be decided depending on the characteristics of the building and each room that needs constant air renewal.

Forced ventilation in an apartment is considered the most effective, with its help it is possible to achieve the removal of exhaust air and the influx of fresh air, while oxygen can enter individual rooms or the entire apartment. To create such a system, it is necessary to purchase the appropriate equipment, which must cope with the renewal of air in a room of a certain area.

Why Choose Forced Ventilation

Forced ventilation in an apartment has certain advantages over alternative solutions. This should include the ability to adjust the power of the system, the quiet operation of the equipment, as well as the ease of arrangement. You can purchase systems that will be equipped with functionality that can not only update, but also heat the air in the cold season. To implement such an idea, it is not necessary to have special skills, but some attention should be paid not only to the choice, but also to the place. Such a system is considered relevant if plastic windows are installed through which fresh air cannot penetrate.

Due to the fact that apartments are most often limited in free space, it is recommended to choose devices compact dimensions which can be controlled using the remote control. An additional advantage of such systems is the presence check valves in almost every node, so that the exhaust air does not return back to the premises, and when the equipment is turned off, air is not introduced.

Varieties of forced ventilation

If you have chosen forced ventilation in the apartment, one of the existing systems of a similar type. This should include exhaust structures, supply equipment and supply and exhaust devices. The first type works on the principle of removing air from different rooms. Supply equipment provides injection of oxygen that has been cleaned and also heated.

Supply and exhaust devices perform the function of the first pair of varieties at the same time. These are divided into general exchange and local. The first type is used for large and specialized rooms and can serve the entire building. To install such a system, it is necessary to create a ventilation project, which in the process of work will play the role of a supply unit and exhaust. Local systems can be exhaust or supply, their installation is carried out in a separate room. Such ventilation is intended for rooms in which there should be fresh and clean air. The latter in such cases are usually subject to special requirements. Additionally, forced ventilation in an apartment can be divided into monoblock, as well as stacked systems. From individual elements the former consist, while the latter are created from various components installed in the rooms of the building. They can be combined and connected to powerful equipment.

Features of installation of forced ventilation

When forced ventilation is installed in an apartment, many people think about what technology to work with. For this, you can only do on your own since the process is quite simple. It is important to carry out calculations that determine the power of the equipment, because it must cope with its tasks. If the apartment has a complete system, then for this it is necessary to plan a highway, its installation is carried out even at the stage of building a house. You will have to install supply valves, as well as exhaust fans.

The best solution for an apartment is to install equipment for private room. More often, forced ventilation is created in the bathroom or bathroom. Such a system can complement the existing natural hood. To do this, an exhaust fan is installed in the ventilation shaft, if any. It will effectively purify the air. The kitchen should have an exhaust hood that removes exhaust gases outside the room and performs the functions of purifying oxygen from pollution, impurities and odor. After the air is returned to the room. If the system is created at the construction stage, then it should provide for the installation of a monoblock system, it ensures the creation optimal humidity and atmosphere in every room.

System installation technology

If you will install a forced ventilation system in the apartment, then you need to deal with the technology of the work. To begin with, it is worth improving the existing ventilation. To do this, additional fans and valves are attached to it. This technique will transform natural ventilation into forced. It is important to follow simple rules, the first of which involves drilling a hole in the wall, the diameter of which should not be more than 7 cm. An open window will help to cope with dust. From the outside, a grate should be installed in the pipe, which will exclude the ingress of large debris. The gaps are sealed with construction foam. So inside rooms, a box is installed on top of the pipe that protrudes. The box is filled before installation. This technique will partially improve ventilation, but a fan must be installed to ensure air outflow. It is also important to choose the right one. Such a device could be:

• axial;
• window;
• centrifugal;
• channel;
• ceiling.

As practice shows, the most silent and convenient is that it can work autonomously, therefore it is recommended for use in tandem with an air exhaust system.

Work methodology

If you will install a forced ventilation system in the apartment, then you will need to follow certain recommendations, they indicate the need to purchase equipment that will come in handy in your work. This should include plastic pipes from which air is vented. At the next stage, intakes are mounted for fresh air intake and exhaust air exhaust. These elements must be opposite each other. Next, the forced ventilation equipment is installed in common system. The connection of the pipes to each other must be carried out carefully, making the mates airtight. This is due to the increase in air pressure when the system is turned on. If the connections are of poor quality, they will simply disperse during operation, the air flows will become uneven. This will cause ventilation to malfunction.

For reference

Forced exhaust ventilation (the apartment needs it) is also called artificial, mechanical or supply and exhaust. It is implemented only in two cases: when natural system problematic to install or when all other types of ventilation are ineffective. The forced system is based on the inducement of the movement of air flows with the help of equipment. Given that the draft in the ducts depends on the difference in temperature outside and inside the building, in hot weather or in areas where it is warm most of the time, it is recommended to install forced ventilation. At the same time, it is possible to install an air conditioning system, and one of the nodes can be a filtration system. This guarantees the supply of purified air inside.

Installation of supply devices

If you will be installing forced ventilation in the apartment, then you can use window valves. They are a drive that is located in the upper crossbar of the window frame. These devices can be installed in any kind of windows, and their throughput varies from 5 to 35 m 3 /h, which is true for automatic mode. The price of such devices varies from $20 to $25. On sale you can also find wall channel valves, which are installed in advance drilled holes. Their throughput is from 20 to 50 m 3 / h, while you will have to pay for the device from $ 23 to $ 28. The operation of such installations is based on hygroregulation. This phenomenon is associated with the properties of the polyamide fabric, which are expressed in expansion with increasing humidity and contraction - with a decrease, this ensures the closing and opening of the valve leaf. Fabric elements act as drives for the entire device.

Window valve installation

Forced ventilation in the kitchen in the apartment can be installed. You can do this yourself, for which the window sash is removed from the stem of the lower hinge. Further, the valve conductor is attached with self-tapping screws to the upper part of the horizontal leaf profile. Using a drill, it is worth making a hole of the desired width and length. The jig is reinforced in upper corner profile window frame, in the place where the hole in the sash will be located. The same hole must be made in the frame and fixed window valve on the sash. The outer visor is attached to the frame from the outside, after which the regulator should be switched to the desired mode. Welding is set to its original position. If you equip the ventilation in the apartment with your own hands using the technology of installing a window valve, then you will receive additional benefits in the form of removing condensate from double-glazed windows. This problem is quite common for offices or apartments, but it can be easily solved. Manipulations to install the valve will take about an hour.

Wall valve installation works

Such a valve should be located at a height of 2 m from the floor surface, near heating appliances. This is due to the fact that the incoming air flow must warm up. Expensive models of such valves may have heating elements. The device has a sound and dust filter, an insect screen, and higher performance acts as an advantage over a window one. Before making forced ventilation in an apartment based on a wall valve, a hole should be made in the wall, the diameter of which can be from 75 to 110 mm. It is unlikely that it will be possible to independently carry out such work, since this will require the use of a core drilling machine. Therefore, you should turn to specialists for help. Making a hole with a diameter of 110 mm in a concrete wall will cost about $ 1 per centimeter of the channel length. After you can make a hole, you should install an air duct, the length of which should be equal to the thickness of the wall. From the side of the room, a supply-wall device is installed, the frame is fixed with screws to the wall, fasteners are supplied in the kit. From the street, a wall visor should be installed in the duct, and at the last stage, the master adjusts the operating mode.

Exhaust fan installation

Forced ventilation in an apartment with plastic windows may include exhaust fan. Since it works silently and consumes approximately 12.5-22 W / h, and its thickness is not more than 150 mm, it can be fixed in a wall cabinet or under a false ceiling. In order for the air from the room to go outside, it is necessary to lead an air duct from the outlet of the equipment through a hole in the wall. The wall canopy will close outside duct. If you have equipped an economical option, then it can be brought to the inflow to the kitchen or bathroom.

Installation of exhaust devices

Considering the types of forced ventilation in the apartment that were described above, you can prefer special devices that are installed in the toilet, bathroom or kitchen. For their installation under the fan, an air duct should be drawn into the room, an exhaust device is installed in it. It is necessary to configure the latter for the desired mode of operation. If the toilet and bathroom rooms are located next to each other, then one duct can be used to draw air into two rooms. In this case, it is permissible to use a special tee for the duct system. If we are talking about the kitchen, then you should additionally use a grease filter. Preferring modern hoods, you will get equipment that has several modes of operation. Sometimes such devices have a presence sensor that causes the hood to work when a person enters the room. If you carry out the installation of ventilation in the apartment, then you can prefer equipment with one of several activation modes. For example, the device may start working when humidity changes, when harmful impurities such as tobacco smoke or volatile organic compounds appear.

Maintenance of the supply and exhaust system

Forced ventilation in the apartment provides for the care of it, for which once or twice a year, depending on the intensity and frequency of use, the internal surfaces and filters should be cleaned. In the process, you will remove the build-up on the grilles and visors with a vacuum cleaner or other suitable methods. It is necessary to wipe the surfaces of the housing and the damper of the device using a damp cloth. Due to the fact that the fan is powered by the mains, it is necessary to check the status electric cable and connections. If the operation is irregular, then once a quarter, the equipment should be run for 5 or 10 minutes. When forced ventilation is installed in an apartment with your own hands, it must comply with the requirements of SNiP, and the use of additional devices such as controllers, regulators, timers and sensors will optimize energy costs and extend their life.

Conclusion

Supply and exhaust ventilation in an apartment, house or office can improve the quality of human life. After all, fresh air is so necessary for the normal functioning of the brain.

By default, the air exchange in the apartment is provided by natural exhaust ventilation. Remember the holes with bars under the ceiling in the bathroom and in the kitchen. From them come ventilation ducts from the apartment to the common house exhaust shaft, which goes to the roof. Through these channels, stuffy air is removed from the apartment to the outside. But it is necessary not only to remove the air, but also to supply fresh air from the street.

Air can enter the house through open windows. But as soon as they are closed - and street air stops flowing into the apartment. And without inflow, there is no exhaust. On the other hand, dirty air with impurities enters the apartment through open windows. exhaust gases, allergens and bacteria. If you are allergic, then in the summer it is added here Poplar fluff, pollen of plants and flowers. And in winter, at a time when the immune system is already weakened by the fight against viruses and microbes, open windows give you “dangerous” drafts, which does not bode well for your health.

Why is forced ventilation necessary?

without forced ventilation

With traditional ventilation through the windows in the apartment dirt, noise, bacteria and odors.

With forced ventilation

tributary provides ventilation and cleans the incoming air simultaneously.

Therefore, more and more people are asking the question: " But not Do you need forced ventilation in the apartment?"

The answer is simple:

Supply ventilation for the apartment is needed

She may be central or compact. Central is when under false ceiling or on the balcony there is a ventilation unit that drives air through pipes that run through all the rooms.Such ventilation "eats up" a lot of space, requires serious repair work and is expensive.Central ventilation makes sense if you have private house or an apartment under renovation.

If the apartment already has a fine finish, then it would be a pity to break the interior for laying air ducts. It is easier and cheaper to install compact supply ventilation:ventilator or breather. These are small appliances that are mounted on the wall and supply fresh air through a through channel.

We assumed that most of the readers' apartments have already been renovated, so in this article we paid attention to compact ventilation. Let's figure out what you should pay attention to before buying a ventilator.

1. Performance

According to the norms, the minimum productivity is 30 cubic meters of air per hour for one person. To ensure that there is enough fresh air for all family members, it is desirable that there is a fan in the supply ventilation. The more powerful it is, the more fresh air it will bring in.

2. Air filtration

City air is an explosive mixture of exhaust gases, dust, industrial emissions, and in the spring also allergens. A good cleaning system with several filters can hold all this cocktail. For large particles - a filter of class G (coarse cleaning) or class F (fine cleaning), for small particles - more efficient filters of class H (the so-called HEPA filters), for harmful gases - carbon filters.

3. Price

The cost of installing ventilation panel house(and in brick too) depends on the parameters of the ventilator. In any case, compact devices are noticeably cheaper than the central one. supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment with air filtration. It costs about 100 thousand rubles and even more. You can buy supply ventilation in an apartment with filtration for a price of no more than 22 thousand, and supply valve- 2-3 thousand.

4. Extra options

There are compact supply ventilation with air heating in the apartment, a different number of fan speeds and, accordingly, with different noise levels, and so on.

Below - comparison table where you can evaluate different types supply ventilation for all of the above parameters.

Types of apartment ventilation systems

Type of supply ventilation	Performance	Filtration	Extra options	Price with installation
Supply valve	from 0 to 54 m3/h for one room	No	No	5 900 rub
Ventilator	from 10 to 160 m3/h for one room	or a carbon filter or coarse filter G3	no air heating low noise level 7 speed	22 490 rubles
breather	from 30 to 130 m3/h for one room	three filters: fine filter F7, HEPA filter H11, carbon filter	heating from -40°С to +25°С with climate control middle level noise, 4 speeds	28 900 rub
Central supply ventilation	about 300-500 m3/h for the whole apartment	additional filters for a separate fee: coarse filters G3-G4, fine filters F5-F7, carbon filters	water or electric air heating, low noise level at extra charge modules can be installed cooling and humidification	about 100,000 rubles + expenses for additional modules + repair costs

Installation of a ventilation system in the wall of the apartment

With the exception of central ventilation, other types of air handling units practically do not differ in the complexity of installation. And for supply valves, and for ventilators, and for breathers, drilling of a through channel in the wall is required to take air from the street.

For drilling, a special diamond drilling unit and an industrial vacuum cleaner are used. The installation process takes 1-2 hours and does not spoil the finished repair. Unlike the installation of central ventilation (we talked about this at the beginning of the article).

Conclusion: compact ventilation is the best choice

In all respects, compact supply ventilation is not inferior to the central one. As far as cost is concerned, for standard apartment it is cheaper to install 2-3 ventilators or a breather than to spend the same money on central ventilation. And the same amount for repairs after laying air ducts.

1. Choose a supply valve if you live in an environmentally friendly and warm region, you want to protect yourself from street noise and you need minimal ventilation (at the level of an open window).

2. Choose a ventilator if you live in the same warm and environmentally friendly region, but you want more intensive ventilation compared to an open window.

3. Choose a breather if you live in a noisy and dusty city and you need a lot of air - not only fresh, but also clean.