Features of flushing the heating system: hydropneumatic, hydrodynamic and chemical methods. Method for flushing internal heating systems - technical documentation - general library - file directory - town of specialists in the field of engineering

Everyone, sooner or later, is faced with the problem of interruptions in the operation of heating systems. The reason, most often, is that deposits, dirt, silt and scale accumulate in radiators and pipes and water cannot move freely through the system. This problem is absolutely solvable, and at home. There are various methods. However, let's take a closer look at the most common ones.

If you notice that it is getting colder in your house, this may be the first signal that you need to flush the heating system. This can be easily checked without resorting to the help of a specialist - just touch the batteries. If it is heated unevenly, or part of it is generally cold, flush. There are several more beacons that it is time to clean the pipes: uncharacteristic noise in the batteries, when the heating is started, the system warms up for a very long time.

Most often, horizontal parts of the pipe are exposed to the main pollution. According to the standard arrangement of radiators in the house, this is usually small areas and it won't be too hard to clean them.

If the battery heats unevenly, then it is dirty.

The primary source of problems in heating systems is hot water, the main coolant.

1. Firstly, hot water, interacting with the materials from which the system is made, can provoke chemical reaction. Consequences - scale.
2. Secondly, the properties of water themselves. It can contain a great many different impurities, which can provoke not only banal corrosion, but also contribute to precipitation and plaque on pipes.

It is the occurrence of deposits from all of the above that can lead to the quality of the operation of the heat elements of the system.

An interesting fact is that even a layer of deposits is only seven to nine millimeters, the efficiency of the heating system drops by more than 42%.

And, of course, all this affects the life of the heating elements in general, they quickly become unusable.

Types of flushing heating systems

Chemical flushing of heating

This method is based on the dissolution of various substances deposited on pipes in chemical compounds. This is one of the most effective, used and proven ways to clean the heating system from excess.

Chemicals liquefy all components of deposits, scale, which are then naturally washed out of the heating system. As a rule, the composition of such substances includes an element that protects pipes from the appearance of signs of rust, and extends the period of operation.

In order to clean the pipes in this way, you must have special equipment.

Usually, specialists use pumps in such cases. It is needed so that after injecting a chemical solution into heating devices, the pump gives direction to its movement through the system. The time spent on cleaning depends on each material in the heating system, the strength of the dirt and the selected substance. In addition, the process of enveloping pipes from the inside with an oxide film also has its own time frame.

This method has several significant advantages:

• Firstly, this is the cheapest and most proven method of cleaning the heating system;
• Secondly, the speed of manifestation of results, it is very high;
• Thirdly, flushing can be carried out without stopping the heating, which allows it to be used at different times of the year.

The disadvantages of the method are that, first and foremost, it cannot be used for flushing aluminum pipes(since this can destroy their integrity), second, like any chemical, the solution is toxic.

Sequence of actions when using this method flushing the heating system

1. First, try, in as much detail as possible, to consider the existing heating system in order to choose the right chemical solution
2. Pay attention to the instructions for the composition. Means can have a different consistency and it is necessary to dilute the chemical as it is written in the recommendations for it.
3. Connect the pump to the system, having previously filled the tank intended for this with the composition.
4. Make sure that chemical agent circulates in the system. We repeat that the time depends on the strength and composition of the pollution.
5. Remove the chemical from the system, flush it with water and refill.

Dispersed flushing heating

Let's call this method the "second" generation of chemical. Its action is as follows: chemical composition does not react with metal and only affects the polluting composition (silt, dirt, scale) and its interaction with the heating system. A pump is also needed.

The advantages of this method can be called:

1. Firstly, this method is suitable for any heating system, no matter what material it is made of, and for any time of the year.
2. Secondly, the reagents are non-toxic.
3. Thirdly, as in the case of the first method, all pollutants are already removed at the stage of decomposition and cannot re-form the blockage. And, of course, in the future, our heating system will be protected during further operation.

Instruction:

1. Determine the required amount of solution, selected specifically for your heating system.
2. Connect the pump to the system by filling the appropriate container with the reagent.
3. After cleaning, flush the system, dispose of the composition.
4. If you are cleaning during the heating period, then you need to connect a device that will close the heating system.

This method is based on descaling by supplying water under high pressure through certain nozzles. This is an environmentally friendly method, which, by the way, copes well with pollution on cast iron. Due to the properties of this metal, the chemical method may not be very effective. However, it is relatively more expensive (since you need special equipment capable of delivering a jet of water under pressure of several hundred atmospheres) and high-quality cleaning will not come out without the help of third parties. The fact is that before you start cleaning, you need to treat the dirt with a solution that can soften them.

Pneumopulse method of flushing the heating system

This method is based on generating small explosions. air bubbles, which are able to tear off pollution from the inside. For this, the following are used: an air gun, a switch, equipment for supplying air with an accumulation system (for example, a compressor), adapter (connecting) hoses.

How does the installation work?

First, the air gun is connected to heating pipes through the hose and switch, then comes the compressed air transmitter. Further, a liquid is passed through this entire system, which sets the piston in motion and, in fact, starts the installation.

If you decide to use a compressor to supply air, then when water is introduced and the piston position changes under its pressure, the empty container begins to fill with air. After the cylinder is full, part of the air will move into the piston, which, directing it into the heating system, will create a shock wave.

In order to completely clean the system, you need from two to five strokes. The process itself will take several minutes, and is completely independent of electricity - the installation works autonomously.

Of the minuses this method you can call it a limited range, due to the characteristics of the gun.

The easiest way to implement, and which will not require any investment other than labor.

This is the usual mechanical cleaning, which is possible in any apartment, house.

Instruction:

1. First of all, it is necessary to disconnect the radiator from the system and drain all the liquid from it. Be sure to cover all surfaces with unnecessary rags so as not to spoil or damage the coating. If you have a special tap on the batteries, this will greatly facilitate the task. In the event that the house is cast iron batteries, it may be necessary to remove them a heating element(to make it easier to unwind the connection).
2. Next, the radiator must be flushed. The easiest way to do this is in the bathroom, directing water from the shower hose at maximum pressure into the pipes. You need to do this for as long as it will run rusty water. If there is too large and noticeable layer of deposits inside the pipes, use a metal fixture. As soon as the pollution stops washing out of the battery, the cleaning is completed.
3. We wash the pipes in the same way, cleaning individual segments.
4. Be sure to clean the threads from corrosion before assembling the system.

Buying Tips

• Please note that aluminum bimetal radiators, convectors have a relatively small volume, in which the circulation rate of the coolant does not allow sediment to be released.
• choose closed systems. Since in such systems the volume of water does not change, the volume of pollution that appears new remains the same.
• Connect batteries from below. As already mentioned, deposits accumulate on horizontal lines, which means that the bulk will leave with the flow of the coolant.
• Install a dirt filter. This is a relatively cheap fixture that will make cleaning easier for you. It is much easier to remove scale from one part than to clean the entire riser.

Video - how to clean a heating radiator with your own hands

Widely used for cleaning heating systems in apartment buildings. Hydropneumatic flushing technology is based on the cleaning of sludge and deposits on inner surface pipes and heating radiators with a stream of water mixed with air supplied under pressure from the ceiling.

Hydropneumatic flushing of heating systems - instructions

• Flushing of the heating system is carried out in the presence of a representative of the energy supply organization.
• The master is invited to the beginning of the flush thermal node area and with his presence, flushing work begins.
• At the time of flushing, the heating system is disconnected from the district heating network with valves 1, 2, 3, 4. If the valves are not tight enough, additional blinds (plugs) made of 3 mm sheet steel should be installed.
• To the start of a new heating season these valves must be inspected.

Preparatory work

Connect to the fittings serving for flushing rubber hoses. Hoses (rubber sleeves) are connected with half nuts "ROT" (according to GOST 2217-76). Check valves must be installed on the air and water inlets that will be flushed.

Before flushing, remove the nozzle from the elevator.

• The system is filled cold water through valve 19 with an open valve 21 of the air collector and open valves 22 and 24, as well as closed valves 1; 2; 3; 4; 18; 20 and 23. After water appears in valve 21, this valve and valve 19 must be closed .
• Perform an air purge of each riser of the heating system.
• To do this, close all taps 24 on the risers. Open the air damper 18. Sequentially opening the taps 22 on the heating risers, the risers are blown with air from the bottom up.
• For the disposal of waste water after sewer system storm drain on fitting 20, you need to put on a flexible rubber hose.
• Starting from the distant riser, hydropneumatic washing is carried out sequentially of all risers.
• To do this, you need to open the valve 22 and 24 in series on the risers with the air valve 21 open. Next, open the water valve 19 and the air valve 18.

Then for washing

• sequentially fill the risers with water;
• close taps 21 and 23;
• open the water drainage through the 20th valve.

Turn on the air with the valve 18. With the valves 19 and 20 open, turn on the risers in series by opening the valves 24, starting from the farthest riser.

Hydropneumatic flushing of heating systems with bottom wiring

In heating systems with a scheme bottom wiring heating, flushing is carried out similarly. The system is filled with water through valves 19; 24 and 22, while the valve 21 is open.

To divert the air-water mixture from several risers at once, the mixture is discharged into the storm drain through drainage 20 (see Fig. 2).

Hydropneumatic flushing of heating systems is carried out until the discharged water is completely clarified.

• After rinsing, you need to dump the residual water.
• Fill the heating system and make a one-time reset.
• Next, fill the system with water and take a sample for analysis.

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Question

Tell me where you can get the program for flushing the heating system in the MKD.

Answer

Flushing the heating system in the MKD is a mandatory work performed by the managing organization in order to properly maintain heat supply systems (heating, hot water supply) in an apartment building. This is provided for in paragraph 19 of the minimum list of services and works necessary to ensure proper maintenance common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.04.2013 No. 290.

Regularity and technology for flushing the heating system in MKD

Flushing of the heating system in an apartment building is carried out annually after heating period and after installation, overhaul, current repair with pipe replacement open systems systems must also be disinfected prior to commissioning).

The systems are flushed with water in amounts exceeding the calculated flow rate of the coolant by 3-5 times annually after the heating period, while achieving complete clarification of the water. When carrying out hydropneumatic flushing, the flow rate of the water-air mixture should not exceed 3-5 times the calculated flow rate of the coolant.

For flushing heating systems in MKD, tap water or process water. In open heat supply systems, the final flushing after disinfection is carried out with water that meets the requirements of the current standard for drinking water, until the indicators of discharged water reach the required sanitary standards for drinking water, for condensate pipelines, the quality of the discharged water must comply with the requirements depending on the condensate use scheme.

These requirements are provided for in clause 9.2.9 of the Rules technical operation thermal power plants approved by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2003 No. 115 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).

Similar requirements are provided for in clause 5.2.10 of the Rules and Norms for Technical Operation housing stock, approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170.

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Heating flushing program

At the same time, flushing of the pipelines of the heating system is carried out according to a program approved by the technical manager of the organization and agreed with the heat source ( heat supply organization). This is provided for in clause 6.2.20 of the Rules.

The current legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for a special form of the program for flushing heating systems. Therefore, such a program is prepared in a free form with the obligatory coordination with the heat supply organization.

During long-term operation heating system, preventive actions should be taken to improve the operation of the system. Flushing the heating system is carried out by professionals, but it is quite possible to do it yourself if you follow the recommendations outlined in this article.

General concept and methods of flushing the heating system

Due to the decrease in the efficiency of the heating system, it is necessary to flush the pipeline, because the areas where the coolant slowly moves are silted up.

The large amount of water required for a heating system carries fine particles of sand, dust and other debris. This all settles on the pipes, and therefore it is worth cleaning the heating system. If a steel pipes do not have a coating against corrosion, mineral deposits appear on them over time.

Small particles clog pipes and slow down the heating system.

In apartment buildings, heating is flushed once a year, and in private ones, the owner decides on his own when the heating system should be flushed.

Reasons why you should flush the heating system:

• low level of heating;
• partial heating of radiators;
• Radiators close to the boiler heat better than distant ones.

The consequences of neglecting the flushing of the heating system:

• breakage and damage heating appliances systems;
• freezing the system in winter;
• large financial losses;
• failure of the entire system;
• emergency situations;
• overpayment of electricity due to poor-quality heating of the room.

The main methods of flushing the heating system:

1. chemical method- is used to restore the efficiency of the heating system, which long time has been exploited in high-rise building. Chemical cleaning consists of pouring an alkaline or acidic solution into the system, running the system for many hours with the solution and flushing, and then pouring ordinary water. Chemical solutions do an excellent job of removing rust on metal and cast iron radiators.

Tip: The chemical flushing method is not used if the heating system includes aluminum radiators.

2. Biological or dispersed - a special liquid is poured into the heating system to flush the heating system, saturated with living biobacteria. This washing method is the most efficient.

3. Hydropneumatic flushing of the heating system - it consists in cleaning the heating system using a hydraulic pump, which creates a lot of pressure, as a result of which the scale is partially destroyed and comes out. This method consists of two stages: flushing and pressure testing of the heating system.

4. Cleaning radiators involves the use of valve valves that shut off the water and allow you to clean individual elements heating systems.

5. To flush the heating system at large enterprises, electric pulse flushing is used. The essence of this method is to supply electric current to the system, as a result of this action, scale is separated from the pipeline.

Flushing the heating system using chemicals

One of the reliable and cheap ways to flush the heating system is chemical.

Advantages of flushing the heating system with chemical solutions:

• simplicity;
• low cost;
• quick result;
• does not require stopping the heating system;
• held both in winter and in summer;
• high quality.

Disadvantages of the chemical method:

• toxicity;
• not used in aluminum heating systems;
• problems with the disposal of solutions after washing.

Instructions for flushing the heating system with a chemical solution:

1. Before flushing, examine the heating system and select the most suitable chemical agent.

2. Dilute the chemical solution according to the instructions. Solutions are liquid and powder.

3. Connect the flushing device to the system after filling the container with solution.

4. Circulate the solution through the system. The selection of time is made by studying the pollution and the general condition of the heating system.

5. Drain the solution, flush the system several times and refill with water.

Biological or dispersed flushing of the heating system

The dispersed method of flushing the heating system is a more advanced analogue of the chemical method. During the use of a dispersed solution, the reagents do not destroy the structure of the metal, but only weaken the molecular relationships between metal product and scale or dirt.

Main advantages dispersed washing heating systems:

• it is used in any heating systems, including aluminum ones;
• solutions are environmentally friendly, do not harm either people or the environment;
• all dirt and plaque is removed in a split form and does not clog pipes;
• after washing, a hydrophobic film is created, which prevents the appearance of plaque during further operation.

To flush the system with a dispersed method, follow a series of steps:

1. Calculate the amount of reagent according to individual characteristics heating system.

2. Connect your device with circulation pump. And turn on the device to circulate the solution.

3. After penetration of the reagent, flush the system and drain the solution into the sewer.

4. In order to flush the heating system in winter, install a heat exchanger that will ensure that the heating system is closed.

Calculation of flushing the heating system by the hydropneumatic method

Before flushing the system, a number of preparatory work should be carried out:

• examination of the heating system;
• dividing the system into parts that will be flushed together or separately;
• set if necessary stopcocks, for separate flushing or overlapping of certain areas;
• calculate the flow of air and water to flush the system.

To flush the heating system, use an amount of water that exceeds the capacity of the heating system from three to five times. In open heating systems, disinfection is carried out. During flushing, you should achieve light color water. To find out how full the system is with water, use a water meter.

Equipment for flushing the heating system

Flushing the heating system without disassembling the components requires special equipment, which is abbreviated as CIF - cleaning in place.

The installation consists of plastic tank with a pump. The flushing solution is poured into the tank, and the pump ensures that the system is filled.

• device must have automatic system control of giving of impulses for washing;
• the case of the device must withstand various disinfectants;
• make sure that the device is compact and easy to move;
• specify the presence of an indicator responsible for the level of pressure and water flow.

Consider several devices for flushing the heating system:

1. AquaMax Evolution 10 (Italy) - compact and mobile

Peculiarities:

• plastic tank 10 l;
• weight: 7000 g;
• the presence of a reverse flow;
• boiler and heat exchanger cleaning;
• price: $400.

2. Alfa Laval 20 (Sweden) - used for professional cleaning of the heating system.

Peculiarities:

• high level of acid resistance;
• the use of anti-corrosion plastic in the manufacture of the tank;
• weight: 8000 g;
• tank volume: 20 l;
• price: $1100.

Do-it-yourself technology for flushing the heating system

There are two ways to flush the heating system using the hydropneumatic method:

1. Open the valve responsible for the entry of air into the system and fill the system with water. Close the valve. Start the compressed air supply with the bleed valve open. When the mixture has passed through all appliances, drain the water. The system is flushed until clean water appears.

2. Open the valve and fill the system with water or mortar. Start compressed air supply. Stop feeding after fifteen minutes. Open the valve and drain the water. After that, rinse the system several times with running water.

Pressure testing of the heating system

After flushing the heating system at home, at least important process- checking the tightness and integrity of the system or pressure testing. Pressing is used as independent process without flushing or complex, after flushing the system.

The sequence of actions to perform pressure testing of the heating system:

1. Slowly fill the system with water. Never overpressure.

2. Leave the filled system for an hour or two. Use a pressure gauge to check the system.

3. If pressure drops in some places, inspect the system package and look for leaks.

4. Drain all or part of the water and fix the problem. Repeat the procedure several times.

Rules for flushing a collapsible heating system

Collapsible flushing is of two types:

1. Flushing the heating system of a collapsible type includes the following steps:

• disassembly of the heat exchanger;
• removal of all plates;
• soaking the plates in a special solution;
• manual washing of plates;
• pressure testing and assembly of the heat exchanger.

2. The second type of flushing includes:

• disassembly of the heat exchanger;
• directing the water jet into the radiator;
• removal of dirt, with the help of high pressure;
• system assembly.

Advantages of collapsible flushing:

• full confidence that the system is cleared;
• the ability to eliminate any pollution;
• control of the work process.

The disadvantage of collapsible flushing is the need for replacement rubber seals and other components that are out of order.

Technology of preparation and filling of the heating system

Operations prior to filling the system

We are launching a new heating system, or putting into operation after the summer a system that has served for more than one year, but from which the liquid has been drained, before starting it is always necessary to carry out the following mandatory operations:

1. Flushing the heating system - must be performed for new system to remove technological waste, scale from pipes that can interfere with heat transfer. If the coolant was not drained in the summer (with correct operation) then flushing the volume of the system with water can be carried out once every two years;
2. Hydraulic test - carried out compressed air, but you can do it by increasing the pressure of the coolant (water, antifreeze). Calculation of pressure for crimping is carried out by multiplying the working head by 1.25. The pressure drop rate should be no more than 1% in 15 minutes;

Rothenberger heating pressure test hand pump

What is better to fill - antifreeze or water?

The most common filling of the heating volume with water, but in recent times, especially for systems small house, are increasingly using antifreeze, which has many advantages (other than relatively high price, certainly).

It should be borne in mind that water as a heat carrier also requires costs - it must be prepared (salts and oxygen removed) before filling the heating volume with it, and water treatment systems and reagents for them cost a certain amount of money.

If you use water as a coolant, then keep in mind that the liquid from the water supply is the least suitable for this purpose. It contains calcium salts and other substances that cause deposits on pipeline elements. In addition, tap water has a large volume of dissolved oxygen. To prepare it, it is desirable to use special chemical water treatment plants.

So the decision to use a special liquid as a coolant is justified in many cases.

How to calculate the volume of coolant

To select equipment for water preparation (in order to select the rate at which make-up consumption occurs, and therefore calculate the speed of its operation), or when using antifreeze or imported water as a coolant, you need to know the volume of your heating system. How to calculate it?

1. We find or make a specification for the heating system of your home (you need to know all the elements, their number and pipe diameters);
2. The volume of water in the boiler itself (G), in the radiator section (P) and expansion tank(O) found in passports or catalogues;
3. In order to calculate the volume that the liquid occupies in the pipes, we use special reference books, which indicate the volume of water in one linear meter (D) depending on the diameter;
4. The volume is found by the formula O+G+(P*c)+(D*z) . where c is the number of radiator sections, z is the number running meters pipes;
5. Although water or antifreeze is an incompressible liquid, the calculation still has some error, so we add 10-15% of the margin.

Preparing and filling the system

Even a system with an accurate calculation of hydraulic parameters will not be able to work well if there was an error at the beginning of operation, and the coolant flow in individual units is very difficult to adjust.

When everything has been washed and tested, the calculation has been made and the required volume of softened water or antifreeze has been prepared, preparations for filling the heating can begin. At this stage, as well as at such a stage as starting the heating system, it is advisable to forget what speed is, all operations must be performed correctly:

1. We inspect all nodes of the system for possible leaks;
2. We close all drain pipes and taps, we don’t need liquid flow through them;
3. We check the operation of all air venting devices, if there is insufficient air discharge through them, we turn them off altogether. Also, if possible, open all the taps in high points, air flow through them will reduce the time for the operation.

Filling should be started gradually, preferably at separate parts heating systems starting from those closest to the heat source and located lower in level.

When opening the valve for filling, we make sure that the speed (flow rate) of the coolant is minimal - this will ensure complete extrusion of air.

As it fills, we close the taps, from which water begins to flow without air (calculating required amount liquid, it is necessary to take into account its consumption of 3-5% in this way). Also, the low filling rate of the system allows you to have time to control all its sections, especially if the house is large. After we filled and removed the air from the nearest nodes, we move on. Lastly, we fill the farthest and highest points.

How to check the quality of filling the system

When you are calculating the capacity of the heating system, it is desirable to display not only the total figure, but also the values ​​\u200b\u200bfor individual nodes that are cut off during the phased filling. It is advisable to install a water meter on the coolant supply line to the heating system. As a result, knowing the amount of liquid that has passed through it and the volume of heating, one can judge the quality of filling - a reduced flow indicates that air has remained somewhere, and if it is increased, then there may be a leak somewhere.

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