Installation of sewer pipes. Rules for installing a sewer system

The main purpose of sewer pipes is the withdrawal of dirty waste water outside the settlement and industrial enterprises.

Today, cast-iron and plastic pipes are used to equip the sewerage system, but the former are preferred, since in addition to convenient installation, they have good performance.

Properties of sewer cast iron pipes

Advantages:

• resistance to corrosion;
• environmental friendliness;
• noiselessness;
• fire safety;
• able to withstand heavy loads without violating the integrity and connections;
• optimal diameter allows self-cleaning;
• resistance to aggressive substances;
• high wear resistance.

Disadvantages:

• the properties of this material can be affected by: seismically active zone, weak soil and saline soils;
• installation of cast-iron sewer pipes requires special accuracy and accuracy in work;
• connecting them by the socket method is a long and laborious process;
• with their help, not all projects can be implemented;
• when installing, it is necessary to observe exact centering;
• the number of pipes of different diameters should be limited;
• the occurrence of such a system should be up to 10 m;
• metal consumption;
• significant weight;
• rough inner surface creates resistance to water flow;
• high price.

Properties of plastic sewer pipes

Types of plastic pipes for sewerage:

1. PVC pipes (gray or orange).

Peculiarities:

• resistant to sub-zero temperatures;
• have good strength;
• have increased mechanical and chemical wear resistance of the inner surface;
• short-term operating temperature - 80°C, maximum - 40°C.

According to the strength class, they are divided into:

• medium (equipped under a small roadway);
• light (not used under roads and mounted at shallow depths);
• heavy (laid under large industrial enterprises and highways).

2. Polypropylene pipes (gray).

Peculiarities:

• unlike PVC pipes, polypropylene pipes are less rigid;
• have increased heat resistance;
• can function at temperatures up to 80 ° C;
• scope — sewer internal networks;
• burn badly;
• not suitable for arranging external sewage and laying it in the ground;
• have insufficient rigidity;
• can be damaged by rodents.

3. Corrugated polyethylene pipes.

Peculiarities:

• installation of corrugated sewer pipes is carried out exclusively in the external sewer;
• they are laid in the ground to a depth of 15 m;
• the outer corrugated wall gives them increased strength;
• a smooth inner wall ensures the normal movement of water;
• sometimes such pipes are made from polypropylene.

Rules for the installation of sewer pipes

Plastic sewer pipes, which are installed using fittings, provide the highest quality connection. If butt welding is used, then it is recommended to use it when installing a hidden pipeline.

The principles of installing a sewer system can be divided into:

• installation of sewer pipes in the house (internal);
• external installation of the sewerage.

Rules for installing the internal system

• when creating a sewer installation, it is desirable to use as few joints and turns as possible;
• it is necessary to use pipes with a diameter of 50-100 mm;
• the angle of inclination of the pipes can vary from 1-2 cm/m;
• when equipping pipes made of plastic, it is recommended to use additional lubrication;
• revisions should be provided at each turn;
• when fixing the material with plumbing fixtures, transition cuffs made of rubber and a sleeve should be used;
• risers should be fixed from the bottom up with clamps;
• PP pipes are cut with a special hacksaw or grinder;
• when installing sewer pipes in an apartment from the remnants of the material, the latter are connected using repair shaped couplings;
• docking of PP pipes using sockets does not imply additional sealing.

Rules for installing external sewerage

• such sewerage is installed in trenches equipped below the level of soil freezing;

• if necessary, as well as at a sewerage system laying depth of up to 0.5 m, it is recommended to insulate it with fiberglass;
• a sand cushion is lined at the bottom of the trench with a layer of 10-15 cm;
• the laid sewer pipe is covered with sand from the sides and rammed;
• at the corners, as well as every 25 m, revision wells are equipped;
• the finished system is displayed in a cesspool or connected to a septic tank.

Do-it-yourself installation of sewer pipes

Sewer pipe installation technology

• installation of the sewerage system begins with a diagram of the future network. So it is necessary to visually try on the project at the place of its future location and draw up an approximate drawing. The turns and all the necessary fittings will be marked here. In addition, you should calculate the total footage of pipes with a small margin;
• if the branches of the system are located in the same horizontal plane, then all connections are installed using oblique tees and are made with bends at an angle of up to 45 °;
• each turn must be equipped with access for revision;
• it is strictly forbidden to fix pipes in a horizontal plane at an angle of 90 °;
• the riser for the sewerage system must be equipped with a ventilation pipe;
• the fan pipe is brought to a height of 0.5 m of the roof level;
• sewerage can be laid inside walls and floors;
• internal installation of sewer pipes, the price of which depends on the building material used, is created with a slope of 1-2 cm per meter of pipeline;
• a larger slope is permissible only in areas no more than 1.5 m from the riser;
• it is not recommended to create air gaps between concrete and a sewer pipe;
• the thickness of the plaster layer should be from 2 cm;
• when laying pipes from the outside, they are fixed with ordinary clamps with a fastening step of 10D;
• risers are fixed every 1-1.5 m;
• from the wall to the riser pipe there must be a distance of less than 5 mm;
• it is obligatory to fasten the pipeline under the socket.

Video installation of sewer pipes:

- this is a necessary element of comfort in a private house or in the country. It performs important functions in cleaning the home from smell and sewage. Poorly done pipe installation can cause blockages and odors.

Not everyone knows how to install sewer pipes. Most entrust this work only to professionals. But, observing the technology, you can equip the sewer with your own hands.

The main difficulties lie not only in the specificity of installation work, the correct selection of materials, equipment and components, but also in compliance with rules and regulations.

Pipeline slope

The main sewerage mechanism is a natural (non-pressure) waste flow through pipes. Proper installation is carried out with a slope of 2-15% to the internal pipeline, external and to. The exact angle is determined individually. For these purposes, special tables are used with average values ​​​​for plumbing fixtures and pipes of different lengths and diameters. The slope of the pipes is fixed with brackets attached to the walls.

It is often impossible to create the desired pipe slope on the basement and in the basement. To do this, install pumping equipment.

Pipe diameter

There is a certain norm for the ratio of pipe diameters: the difference between the diameter of the pipe at the point where the plumbing is connected to the sewer and between the diameter of the pipe that goes into the septic tank should be 2-15 cm.

Universal pipe diameters for various sections of the sewer system:

• For washbasin and bidet - 32 - 40 mm;
• For sink and bathroom - 50 mm;
• For a toilet bowl, a drain pipe for a drain - 100 mm;
• For a riser and connection points for several plumbing fixtures - 70 - 85 mm.

Insulation of sewer pipes

According to the installation rules, pipes are insulated by wrapping with glass wool or fiberglass, covered with polyethylene.

Ventilation system

Ventilation - regulates the pressure and evaporation of gases during the flow of effluents. For this purpose, hatches for ventilation, wells, valves are installed in the internal sewerage system and external.

If there are several collectors in the house, ventilation should be provided in all. Ventilation is taken out through and.

If the length of the connection between the pipeline and the toilet is more than 1 m, and all other plumbing fixtures are more than 3 m, they must be equipped with an additional ventilation pipe that removes gases to the outside through the roof.

Pipes and their elements and connection methods

Parts of the internal sewerage:

• bell-shaped connecting elements;
• special sewer connection;
• ordinary sewer riser;
• outlet pipes;
• deflector;
• ladder built into the floor.

The reliability of pipe connections in the system affects the durability of its service. Carefully study the characteristics of pipe materials, types of connections, materials and elements that you will need. These are various tees, adapters, couplings, crosses, fittings and parts of turns connecting pipes.

During installation, pipes from different materials can be used. The most popular are plastic and cast iron. Moreover, the latter are capricious in care and laborious in installation. Therefore, plastic ones are most often installed. Plastic differs from cast iron and metal products in that it does not burst, does not corrode and is quite light.

Usually for sewer systems are used:

• polyethylene (PE);
• low pressure polyethylene (HDPE);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• reinforced and non-reinforced polypropylene (PP);
• metal-plastic.

It is also necessary to know the methods of joining pipes from various materials:

• welding;
• threaded connections;
• into the socket;
• electrofusion connections;
• flange connections.

Preparing for installation

First, decide what devices and where you will install. Make a plan, think about what components will be required for the normal operation of the devices. Calculate all sizes.

You may need:

• or a hacksaw for metal;
• drill or perforator;
• mounting gun;
• chisel;
• screwdrivers;
• a hammer;
• wrench.

Cutting plastic pipes

Often, special tools and fixtures are required to cut such pipes. Poorly cut and not cleaned ends leave gaps in the joints, allowing seepage of sewage household waste.

Tools used for cutting plastic pipes:

• pipe cutter Roller is suitable for cutting pipes with a diameter of up to 38 mm. It makes cuts neat, without nicks, without bending the pipe. The roller regulates the tightness of the connection of its cutting sections to the pipes. The disadvantage of a pipe cutter is the need for a large working space. If you need to cut a pipe arranged near the wall, he will have nowhere to turn around. For such sections, single-pass pipe cutters are used.
• special scissors and guillotines. They usually come with soldering irons or welding machines and are distinguished by a sharp knife with a flat, short and wide blade, and a semi-circular holder located under the knife. Good scissors cut pipes up to 42 mm in diameter. The disadvantage is a strong tension of the hands.
• beveler. Its task is to remove the edge of the ends of the pipes, to improve adhesion during their welding. Manual bevelers can work with pipes 40 - 300 mm.
• caliber or calibrator. Cleans the aluminum layer of the ends of the pipe before soldering, and also removes the chamfer, removes burrs and other irregularities. Calibrators ideally align the cut shape of pipes. In addition, each calibrator works only with a certain diameter of pipes.

Installation of plastic pipes

For the correct connection and laying of plastic pipes, it is important to keep in mind the features of their installation, for example, what:

• all types of threaded connections of plastic pipes are sealed with rubber gaskets, or FUM tape;
• when connecting to a socket, only rubber gaskets are used, and when connecting a plastic pipe to a metal one, seals are used.
• when threading plastic pipes using couplings, you need to insert the chamfered pipe into the coupling to the end, and then push it back. This will protect the pipe from deformation during expansion during the runoff of hot water;
• for sewer pipes for draining hot water, it is necessary to install a movable connection of sections, for which threaded connections are used more often.
• when connecting plumbing to, you need to use flexible piping: corrugations, hoses, soft pipes.

Installation of a sewerage system made of plastic:

• we make markings on the walls, the floor, at the points of connection to plumbing fixtures, at the junctions of pipes, and pipes that discharge drains;
• we lay and connect pipes by welding, special connecting elements and fasteners;
• bends or bends with slopes are connected to pipes or plumbing fixtures with adapters. We use fittings if it is necessary to make a branch from one pipeline to another.

Installation diagram of cast iron pipes:

• we insert the tail part of the pipe without a socket into the socket of another installed pipe;
• all gaps between the edges are sealed with a sealant (linen tow soaked in grease, machine oil or other lubricant). We hammer it 2/3 into the cracks with a wooden spatula;
• we fill the remaining distance with a non-impregnated sealant;
• then we fill the socket with cement and ram it;
• lay a damp cloth on top to prevent cracking;
• you can use a special plumbing sealant, bituminous mastic and a mixture for these purposes
• where a connection of cast iron and plastic pipes is required, we use special couplings and adapters.

Features of the installation of the toilet

The most important part of the work is the device of the toilet bowl. We connect it to the sewerage system using a plastic pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. Then we perform a smooth transition to a 50 mm pipe. To do this, use a short bridge of 100 mm, then go to 50 mm.

Do not use right angle adapters. It would be smarter to use two 45-degree adapters. The pipes are joined through gaskets, but it is better to additionally use silicone.

Sewerage in a house or apartment is perhaps the most important communication system necessary for a comfortable existence. It serves to drain wastewater from the apartment. Therefore, if your house is being renovated, before “constructing”, you should think about the drainage system.

In this article, we will describe the entire process of installing a sewer with our own hands. All instructions, tips and tricks are already collected here, so you don't have to look for any additional information.

Plastic sewer pipes

In 99% of cases, sewer systems are installed from plastic pipes. They are made from different materials polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), but in general their properties are clear. Pipes for sewerage are much thinner than water pipes, because. there is no high pressure in the sewer system.

The advantages of plastic pipes for sewer installation are their lightness, durability, corrosion resistance and ease of assembly.

When choosing materials for the sewer system, it is important to consider the required diameter. Below is table, with the minimum allowable pipe diameter for a particular plumbing fixture.

Before going to the store or to the construction market, calculate the required number of certain pipes, as well as the so-called fittings (connecting parts).

By the way, study our material in order to understand exactly whether you need it. The author of the article describes in detail what it is and what convenience it adds.

If your sewer system involves "turns", then try to avoid right angles of 90 degrees. It is better to use two 45 degree fittings. This will avoid frequent blockages.

To save money and space in the bathroom, builders recommend using a common pipe of optimal diameter ( see table), for all plumbing fixtures except the toilet. Those. washbasin, bathtub, washing machine can be connected to a common pipe leading to the main riser. The toilet should be connected separately - directly to the riser.

Preparatory work

Preparatory work for the installation of sewerage in an apartment or house is perhaps the most important part. After all, neglecting a clear planning of actions or the availability of certain tools, it will drag on for a long time, although the installation of a sewer with competent actions is carried out in a few hours.

First, you need to decide where and what plumbing fixtures will be installed. Make a rough diagram on a piece of paper, determine what additional fittings or pipes you will need for the normal functioning of the devices. If you plan to install another device in the near future requiring a sewer drain, provide a drain for it with a temporary plug, because then changing the whole system will be very inconvenient.

Calculate the dimensions and cut the pipes, taking into account the dimensions of the fittings.

You can cut plastic sewer pipes using a regular metal saw. Outline it in a circle at the incision site. You need to cut strictly at an angle of 90 degrees. The cut ends of the PVC pipe must be carefully cleaned with a knife or sandpaper.

It is important to take into account that the sewer must be installed at a slope, because almost any sewer system works with the help of "earth gravity". You need to fix the slope of the sewer with the brackets that are sold along with the pipes.

Installation of sewerage from plastic pipes

Sewer installation is carried out according to a simple scheme (see instructions)

Now that all the preparatory work is done, you can start assembling the system. Do-it-yourself sewer installation in a private house can take several days (depending on the size of the house and the number of plumbing fixtures), and in a small apartment the whole job will take 1-2 hours.

If a particularly heavy load is not expected on the sewer (in an apartment or in a house with the usual set of plumbing fixtures), then you will not need any special tools or skills. You can do everything with your own hands without any problems and efforts.

During the assembly of the pipe system, experts advise moving " from the riser» to plumbing fixtures.

The connection of sewer pipes with a fitting (connecting part) occurs with the help of a hermetic rubber band in the fitting. It is important to insert all elements evenly and until they stop. It is also necessary that the gum and all sewer elements are clean, in which case the sealing will be reliable and durable, and this is very important when designing, because. in case of leaks, the damage will be significant. Among other things, a loose connection leads to an unpleasant smell from the sewer in the bathroom.

Video with a visual image of how to properly cut and connect sewer pipes:

For greater reliability of the connection, home craftsmen lubricate the end of the pipe to be connected with glycerin grease or soapy water.

When the system is assembled, connect all plumbing fixtures in turn, while not forgetting the siphons (for the sink and for the bath). Then we proceed to the next step.

Testing the sewer

After the installation of the sewer system with your own hands in an apartment or house is completed, it is very important to test it for leaks.

To do this, it is enough to turn on all plumbing fixtures in an apartment or house at the same time. Also, “experienced” masters recommend pre-filling a bucket of water and pouring it sharply into the sink, washbasin and bath.

These actions will help determine how reliably your sewer will cope in critical situations. During the test, examine all connections. If there are no leaks, great, your job is done well! If there are still leaks, then you need to fix the “problem” places again.

If the connection is still "leaking"

There are situations when the connection is not reliable. In this case, during installation, you need to use a special adhesive-sealant. Apply sealant to the joints, insert the pipe into the fitting again (without removing the sealing gum) and let the glue dry. Then repeat the test again.

Installation of sewer pipes in your apartment may well be done by yourself. It is absolutely not necessary to invite qualified specialists for this. Modern industry produces a huge range of sewer pipes, which are easily assembled into a complete wastewater disposal system.

But a wide range of pipes has led to a significant increase in the number of ways to connect them. Thus, the choice of connection method depends not only on the skills of the master, but also on the material used to manufacture the equipment. It is easier to connect sewer pipes made of plastic, it is more difficult to work with cast iron, but in any case, in order for the system to work correctly, you need to know how to properly connect sewer pipes.

The nomenclature of the components of the sewer system

The wastewater disposal system is a complex engineering piece of equipment. In addition to the actual sewer pipes, it includes the sanitary devices themselves, such as sinks, toilets, bathrooms, and so on, and connecting devices that bear the common name - fittings.

The installation of the sewer system begins with the preparation of a project, during the development of which it is determined how many sewer connecting nodes you will have at home.

By and large, sewer pipes can be connected in two ways: detachable and one-piece. When connecting, seals are also used to ensure the tightness of the connecting seams. A welded connection is more reliable than a detachable one, but requires the use of specialized equipment and certain skills.

We connect plastic sewer pipes

The most popular and affordable material for the construction of a sewer system are plastic pipes. The material of their manufacture is polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride. They are very light and easy to assemble. The only drawback is the increased noise, so the sewer riser from such pipes must be closed with a box, otherwise you will be aware of everything that happens with the neighbors upstairs.

Connection method "in the bell"

Plastic sewer pipes come in several sizes, both in cross section and in length. Of these, it is easy, as from a children's designer, to assemble any equipment of any complexity. The connection process "in the bell" is as follows:

• The pipe joints (smooth end and socket) are carefully cleaned of debris.
• There must be rubber insulation at the junction. If not, you need to choose the right size.
• Apply an even layer of silicone grease or ordinary liquid soap to the smooth end of the pipe. Then the pipes are connected so that there is no play between them, until it stops. On the introduced pipe we make a mark that will show us the depth of the connection.
• Then the pipes are undocked 1 centimeter from the deepest penetration.

The same method can be applied when connecting drainage pipes.

Video - connection diagram of a sewer pipe through a socket

We connect plastic pipes on an adhesive basis

Polyvinyl chloride sewer pipes are very often interconnected with special glue. To do this, you must perform the following operations:

We connect plastic pipes with a weld

Some types of plastic sewer pipes can be welded together. To carry out such an operation, specialized equipment is needed - a plastic welding machine. With its help, the ends of the pipes are heated, their ends begin to melt. The ends of the pipes melting from high temperature are pressed against each other and fixed for a while, until the plastic cools and sets. As a result, a monolithic joint appears between the ends of the plastic pipes, which is completely identical in terms of strength qualities to a conventional section of the pipe.

Video lesson - how to solder plastic pipes with your own hands

We connect plastic pipes with fittings

Purchasing or leasing a welding machine makes sense if you do a lot of installation work. In the event that the entire sewerage system has several articulated connections, it is easier to install using fittings or couplings. This connection method is also recommended for fixing pipes and corrugated hoses. In any case, when using a coupling-fitting to connect pipes, it is necessary to use rubber or silicone gaskets to ensure the tightness of the joint.

And one more thing - plastic pipes do not have very high bending resistance. Therefore, in order for them not to sag, it is better to mount them along the walls on special brackets.

We connect cast iron sewer pipes

Traditionally, cast iron has been used to create sewers. This is a fairly strong, albeit fragile material. In addition, it is much more difficult to install than the new plastic pipelines. However, in many cases it is more profitable to use cast iron. It has good sound insulation, and it’s not always possible for you to dock a new plastic pipe to old cast-iron pipes. In order to carry out it is necessary to perform the following steps.

Sewer cast iron pipes, like plastic ones, have sockets. They can be inserted into each other like a nesting doll.

After the introduction of the smooth part of the attached cast-iron pipe into the socket, a gap is formed between them. This space must be filled with a seal. Most of the traditional linen tow is used for these purposes.

On top of the sealing material, the joint between the pipes is covered with a liquid cement mortar. For these purposes, it is recommended to use cement with the brand "400". In the process of maturation, the cement mortar intensively absorbs moisture. To avoid the formation of cracks at the junction, the junction is covered with a wet cloth, which must be regularly moistened.

In addition to cement, the junction can be sealed in other ways. Any waterproofing agent is suitable for this, for example, such as bituminous mastic or ordinary silicone sealant.

We connect the cast-iron sewer pipe to the toilet

When buying a new toilet and pay attention to the drain output scheme. It can be vertical, straight or oblique.

Installation of a toilet bowl with a vertical outlet

Such structures can be found both in the houses of the old, still Stalinist buildings, and in new buildings. The difficulty of installing such a plumbing device is that you will have to pick up a toilet bowl in the store, which, with its drain hole, can stand on the sewer pipe pipe and at the same time fit at a distance from the pipe to the wall.

Installation of such a toilet bowl is quite simple - it is installed with a drain hole on the sewer pipe pipe. A rubber cuff is laid between the pipe and the toilet drain, which reliably seals the connection and prevents the spread of odors.

Prices for a rubber cuff for sealing

rubber cuff for sealing

Installation of a toilet bowl with an oblique outlet

Oblique release is common in houses of later construction. Houses began to be massively equipped with such plumbing from about the 60s of the last century. In this case, the oblique outlet of the outlet pipe of the plumbing device is lowered directly into the inlet pipe of the sewer system. The junction can be filled with a sealant, and in the case of a cast-iron sewer, it is additionally sealed with a cement mortar or other waterproofing agent. Also, additional waterproofing can be provided with a rubber cuff.

Installation of a toilet with a horizontal outlet

This design of plumbing devices is found in almost all equipment manufactured abroad. As a rule, it is recommended to purchase such a toilet if you completely change the entire sewer system in the apartment or simply build it again. Learn that such a toilet scheme requires some space from a vertical wall; such a toilet bowl can be connected to a sewer pipe using an ordinary large-section corrugated hose.

Installation of sewer pipes made of different materials is quite accessible even to a not very trained user. Using your knowledge, you can significantly save on the wages of hired craftsmen.

How to properly connect sewer pipes: video

The sewer system in a private house is created in order to bring wastewater outside the premises. In accordance with this, the implementation and design of this system must be done in such a way that unpleasant odors do not enter the house, and traffic jams do not form in the pipeline.

If you carefully consider the process of installing a sewer system, you can understand that it is really possible to do it yourself. Quality workmanship will work perfectly for many years. In most cases, modern sewer systems are equipped with plastic. This allows you to forget about rust and corrosion.

But this does not mean the complete absence of shortcomings, since traffic jams from sewage are often formed in the sewerage system. This is due to the fact that mistakes were made during the installation of pipes, and leads to blockages and unpleasant odors entering the house. For the same reason, the sewer system can make noise and take excess water from the siphons.

In wooden houses made of rounded logs or timber, pipes can be laid directly in the log house, for this it is necessary to make cuts of the desired size in the walls.

Diameters and slopes of the sewer system

Waste fluids in private homes usually move by gravity. For this method to work properly, several rules must be followed, including a certain slope from the pipe to the device when laying, and then to the collector or tank located outside.

As a percentage, the slope can be defined in a value from two to fifteen units. This suggests that the difference between the end of the pipe, located at the beginning, and its final value should be from two to fifteen cm. Special attention must be paid to the width of each type of pipe so that waste fluids containing various solids flow, without blocking the drain. When choosing the most suitable size, first of all, pay attention to their type and the number of sanitary equipment connected to the system.

• Bidet or washbasin - 3.2 - 4.0.
• Bathroom or sink - at least 5.
• The situation in which a riser is installed or several sanitary devices are connected - 7.0 - 8.5.
• Drain pipe, riser or toilet - at least 10.

If you change the direction of pipe laying when installing the sewer system, then for this you need to choose an angle of more than 90 degrees. Pipes that connect plumbing fixtures to risers are connected at an angle of less than 45 degrees. If you are installing a sewer system located indoors without heating or outside, then it is imperative to protect the pipes from temperature fluctuations and cold.

The most suitable temperature for sewer pipes is between 5 and 45 degrees Celsius. Otherwise, use a heat-insulating material such as fiberglass wool.

Laying ventilation of the sewer system

The ventilation pipe, at the end of which the deflector is located, is an indispensable element of the sewer system, without which it cannot be installed. Through this pipe, the internal sewage system is connected to the open space. The embedding of the ventilation system is carried out for the reason that it excludes the possibility of unwanted leakage of drains and pressure surges.

From the name it is clear that this system provides sewer ventilation. This allows you to remove the vacuum and not waste excess water flowing beyond the highly located siphons. Even drains that cover all sections of the sewer pipe are not a problem. Ventilation must be installed in each sewer riser. Sometimes situations arise in which ventilation cannot be removed above the roof. In this case, a common wide ventilation pipe is used, with which the connection is made.

Approximate ventilation scheme of the sewer system

There is another alternative. Sometimes the ventilation pipe is installed on a riser located as far as possible. At the same time, the ends of other risers are equipped with aeration valves. This method is suitable for working with a small number of risers, a maximum of 4-5. Aeration valves do not have full versatility, therefore they cannot completely replace ventilation pipes, since air is transferred through them only in one direction, namely to the sewerage system. As a result, excess gas accumulates, which must be removed into the atmosphere.

The importance of a strong connection

Appliances that belong to the sanitary type, such as showers, bathtubs, washbasins, must be provided with a general class connection to the sewer riser. The toilet is connected separately, while the level of connection with the riser must not be lower than other connections. In this case, valuable advice regarding quick couplings of pipes can come in handy. In a situation where you decide to install a sewer system, they are best suited, as they suggest the ability to change a damaged element quickly and without much effort.

The connection of sanitary appliances with a riser should have the greatest length: for toilets one meter and three meters for everything else. If the maximum length exceeds the above values, you need to install an additional ventilation pipe, which should be brought above the level of the roof of the house, or use an aeration valve. There is another way, which is to connect with pipes of greater width.

This case is described in special regulatory instructions. In a situation where you do not pay attention to the above rules, the water that is in the siphon of the device may leave. It is worth taking care of this if you hear gurgling sounds. The siphon will be empty and will allow unpleasant odors coming from the sewer system to pass through.

Materials used for sewer installation

In our time, when arranging household sewers, plastic pipes have become very popular.

The reason for this is the impossibility of rust formation and a small mass. The installation of steel pipes from cast iron is still carried out, but recently much less frequently.

Connections between the sewer system and plumbing fixtures

The process of waste disposal by gravity can be complicated by plumbing fixtures located in low-level rooms. In this case, the layout features do not provide the necessary conditions required for the correct slope of the pipes. However, there is a way out of this situation.

In the construction markets, you can find special equipment with which wastewater is pumped. It is connected to the toilet at the same time as a device that grinds paper and sewage. This equipment can also be installed on other plumbing fixtures such as bathtubs and washbasins.

The device works automatically. The sewer system can be divided into the one that is located inside the premises and the rest, located on the territory of the site. In this case, you can draw a border, on the site of which you need to install the main revision. If we consider the sewer system installed in the vast majority of private houses, we can distinguish some of its parts:

• Deflectors installed at the end of the ventilation pipe.
• Ladder, which is mounted in the floor.
• Sewer riser, with the help of which the connection of sewer pipes that drain wastewater from plumbing fixtures is carried out.
• Drainage pipes, also called sewer horizontals, but they are laid, despite the name, at a slight slope.
• Socket-type connections, which are almost always used to connect sewer couplings and pipes.
• Sewage connection, which is a pipe that connects toilet bowls, washbasins, bathtubs with a drain pipe.

The process of installing an external sewer

Many homeowners who have already installed indoor sewerage are faced with the problem of installing outdoor sewerage, as this process is much more complicated and expensive. Initially, it is necessary to dig a special trench of such a depth that it is possible to carry out the discharge of wastewater without any special obstacles. Sewage should quickly go into the central sewer system or into a septic tank.

Septic tank in a pit prepared for installation

Do not forget about the climatic features of our latitude. The pit must be of such depth that the sewer does not freeze in winter, otherwise it may fail. Sewer pipes are laid inside the trench in such a way that they fit snugly against the base along its entire length. Then, using a plumb line, you need to check if the installation of the pipe corresponds to the slope. It should be kept such that it equals approximately 2-4 centimeters for every meter of pipe.

Next, the sewer pipes are connected and sealed. Before applying the sealant to the surface, it is worth cleaning the joint and treating it with a special lubricant. You can install sewer pipes without digging a trench. This is done with the help of special punches. Once again, it is worth noting that before laying the sewerage system, you need to find out the approximate depth of soil freezing.

At the exit from the premises, the pipes must be laid below the freezing level of the ground. If you do not have such information, then you should not save on thermal insulation, otherwise you can earn yourself a lot of headaches.

Do-it-yourself installation of sewer pipes

The first part of the work is to dismantle the old sewer pipes (if any). To do this is quite simple. First you need to turn off the water supply, disconnect the hose that supplies water to the toilet bowl (use an adjustable wrench for this).

After the toilet is dismantled, the bolts holding it on the surface are unscrewed, the bathroom is vacated, all objects that interfere with the work are taken out. The old sewage system is dismantled, metal pipes can be broken with a hammer. Pipes directly adjacent to the riser are removed.

When installing sewer pipes, one of the most important tasks is the correct installation of the toilet bowl. Usually this element is connected to the sewer with a 110 mm plastic pipe. After that, you can install the transition to 50 mm pipes. It is better to make this transition smooth, do not immediately install an adapter 110-50 mm.

It would be better to install a kind of "bridge" with a diameter of 100 mm, and then move on to a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. Do not forget about the strong fixation of all joints and the slope towards the drain.

The use of rectangular adapters is undesirable. If there is such a need, it is better to use 2 45-degree angles. In the process of arranging sewerage in a private house, welding is usually not required, and the assembly process itself is quite simple: pipes are inserted through the gaskets one into the other, which gives good tightness.

For maximum results, silicone sealant should be used, which provides a stronger connection to the structure. In this case, it will definitely remain intact at the first start-up of water.