Basement and cellar heating - heating and electrical appliances. Basements in multi-storey buildings and their functions

Organize quality and efficient heating cellar or cellar country house not as simple as it seems at first glance. Especially if you want to make an underground room suitable for growing plants or for long-term human habitation. Underfloor heating alone with the help of a floor heating system device will not help here.

Often, homeowners use heaters to raise the air temperature, although in the basement they look cumbersome and do not always solve the tasks. good decision there will be a heating system in the basement, however, from a technical point of view, this is a solid amount of work.

The main types of heating systems

1. Water heating of a private house, which provides for the installation of radiators and a boiler (gas or electric).
2. Stove heating, the organization of which requires the presence of a "potbelly stove" or stove.

Water heating works on the basis of a boiler (it can be electric or gas). Of the main advantages of such a heating system, the constant availability of warm water should be highlighted.

Simple system of water heating: 1-boiler; 2- expansion tank; 3 - supply pipe; 4 - radiator; 5 - return pipe.

When installing furnace heating, the installation of a “potbelly stove” or stove is required. This type of heating is more economical during installation and further use, which is its main advantage. In addition, in this case, you do not need to look for a place to install a bulky boiler. The stove will give off enough heat to heat a small basement of a private house.

But for effective work system, it is necessary to provide a chimney device. Here you need to take a responsible approach to the issue and accurately calculate the parameters of the pipes to organize sufficient traction.

Calculation of heating of the underground floor

Often, homeowners do not even think about heating the basement and basement floors, because they do not use their area as a living area. And in seasonal residences, heating issues are not particularly relevant. However, if you live in a private home in winter time, the situation is changing dramatically. To organize a heating system, you will need to carry out some preliminary calculations.

When choosing boiler heating, it is necessary to accurately calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room to be heated (it can be either the whole house at once, or just the basement). If the area turns out to be large enough (from 500 sq. M.), Then the boiler power should be more than 40 kW. When it is necessary to heat only the basement of a private house, then it is enough simple equipment with a power of about 25 kW.

When installing the stove, you must first of all decide on its type: a “potbelly stove”, a brick stove, or, possibly, a long-burning stove. When choosing a potbelly stove, you need to consider that this device can only heat a small cellar or basement. country house, therefore, if heating of a large room is required, it is worth paying attention to other types of furnaces.

A long-burning stove is suitable for an area up to 200 square meters. m. The required power of such a stove is calculated in the same way as in the case of boiler equipment. A good option would be to install a traditional brick stove, because in this case you don’t have to decide on the power. The main thing is to correctly calculate the dimensions of the chimney and equip the firebox.

If you install a stove in the basement, then it will be able to solve heating issues throughout a private house. Here important point lies in the fact that the stove should be located in the lower rooms so that warm air masses circulate correctly - from the bottom up. If there is no basement in the house, then the stove should be placed on the ground floor.

In the event that a traditional brick oven was installed in the basement, it is important to remember that its damper should be closed when everything has already burned out and there is no flame on the coals. This will significantly save fuel by saving heat. If this is not done, the heat coming from the coals will simply go out into the chimney.

Underfloor heating in the basement

The presence of a warm floor in a residential area will become great solution for creating comfortable environment. Often, warm floors are made even when there is stove heating in the house, since cold air masses that occur during ventilation of the room pass through the floor.

It should be borne in mind that when arranging a warm one, it is necessary Special attention give thermal insulation and waterproofing of the base of the foundation. As a heater, it is recommended to use a combined solution - mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Installation of an additional waterproofing layer is necessary if there is high level ground water or there is a possibility of seasonal flooding of the basement.

Underfloor heating options. Click to enlarge.

With a high GWL, a drainage system should be provided for at the site. This is very important if an electric underfloor heating is installed in the basement, which should not be exposed to moisture in any case.

Heating with electrical appliances

Electrical appliances for basement heating are the simplest and most a budget option. Today, a heater is an indispensable device that is used when it is necessary to comply with a certain temperature regime.

In order for the heaters to work normally, in the basement of a private house, high-quality electrical wiring is required, designed for their total power.

Electrical equipment can be very different. Consider its main types.

Convector heaters

In order to fully heat the large basement of a private house, convectors are best suited. Heaters of this type will help to cope with cold air even in the most severe frosts. Convectors can be made in different types designs, so you can choose the most comfortable view(on the wall or on the floor).

Among the main advantages of such heaters, the following can be distinguished: the room warms up quickly and fully, the device is easy to install, it does not make noise, it can heat the entire building or individual rooms. The main disadvantage is the serious cost of electricity.

Convector heater.

Oil heaters

Previously, this type of equipment was used quite widely. For heating, it is necessary to first warm up the oil in the radiator, after which it will begin to give off heat to the room. In this case, the time spent on heating the cellar or basement is much greater than in the case of convectors.

Oil heaters are quite cheap, easy to use, but they are quite heavy and have some installation restrictions. Main advantages: long service life, no noise during operation, affordable price, ease of installation and maintenance, the ability to move.

Oil radiator.

Infrared heaters

Equipment of this type for heating a basement or cellar is used extremely rarely. The fact is that the devices work in such a way that they heat only those objects and surfaces that are under them or in front of them (in the event that the device is mounted on a wall). Thus, in order to warm the basement completely, it will take considerable time and electricity.

The main advantages of devices of this type: silent operation, high level of reliability and long service life, safety in use, increased efficiency, the possibility of heating a certain area. Among the shortcomings, we highlight: stationary installation, high ceilings for installation, with prolonged use, there is a possibility of overheating.

Infrared heater mounted on the ceiling.

Which heating method to choose?

Heating a basement or cellar is a rather difficult question. Here it is necessary to take the most responsible approach to the issue of choosing the type of space heating, based on the wishes and requirements of the owner. For example, if you need to heat the basement in a seasonal home (i.e. during cold spring and autumn months), then the installation of a simple heater is quite enough.

On the other hand, if it is planned to make a full-fledged living space from the basement of a country house, then it is necessary to arrange more efficient heating. The best option in this case, the installation of a furnace or boiler is seen. It should be noted that for mounting gas boiler it is necessary to allocate a separate room, and its work must be coordinated with the relevant services.

Foreword

Basement heating is a labor-intensive process that allows you to make this area habitable.

Content

Basement heating is a labor-intensive process that allows you to make this area habitable. When you decide to implement such an idea, you immediately have a question - turn to a professional or do it yourself. If you do not understand anything about heating, insulation and have never held a screwdriver in your hands, then your verdict is unambiguous - you need help. But if you understand a little about all these issues, know how to handle the tool and want to realize your idea, then you can safely get to work.

So, if you decide to make heating in the basement yourself, then you will have to decide on the following questions:

• how to heat a basement;
• how to calculate basement heating;
• how much and what materials will be required;
• how to install the system.

All these questions are very important and the course of work depends on their solution. Therefore, first decide on the answers to these questions, and then get down to the main work.

How to heat a basement: heating options

The first question to be solved is how to heat the basement, that is, with what. There are two options - this is water and stove heating. The first provides for the presence of batteries and a boiler, and the second - only stoves or potbelly stoves.

Water heating

Do-it-yourself water heating is quite simple, so it is most often resorted to.

This type of heating can be implemented using an electric or gas boiler. True, there is one big drawback here - heating occurs due to steam that rises, and, therefore, the most high temperatures fall on upper part basement. Thus, you heat the ceiling, instead of evenly distributing heat throughout the room. Therefore, water heating has a very low level of efficiency. But there is also great advantage is the presence hot water in system.

Furnace in the basement

You can put a stove or potbelly stove. This type of heating is more economical in terms of installation and operation, which is its main advantage. And you don’t have to clutter up the basement area with a large boiler.

The stove also provides enough heat for heating, the main thing is to correctly solve the issues with the implementation of the chimney, which is very often problematic, since you need to correctly calculate the length of the pipe so that there is good draft.

Each of these options is well suited for heating the basement of a private house, as it can serve as a separate heating for basement or for the whole house as a whole. So, placing a stove or boiler in the basement, you can make a "fork" throughout the room.

Basement heating calculation

Heating is an important part of living space. If in the summer time heating is an inconspicuous and seemingly unnecessary detail, then in winter everything changes dramatically. So, with what help you have already decided to heat, now you need to calculate the heating of the basement.

If you opted for boiler heating, then you need to know the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe territory that you are going to heat. It can be the whole house or just the basement. But it is more expedient - the whole house. So, in order to calculate the power of the boiler, decide on the area that needs heating. After that, compare the indicators with the following diagram: with an area of ​​​​60-180 m2, the boiler power should be no more than 25 kW, from 200 to 300 m2, the boiler power - 25-35 kW, 300-600 m2 - 35-60 kW, 600-1200 m2 - 60-100 kW.

If you want to install a stove, then decide what kind of stove it will be - potbelly stove, stove long burning or brick oven. If bourgeois, then with 6-8 m2 you can get by with a simple model that you can make yourself. But at 40-60 m2, a potbelly stove assembled on its own will no longer be able to cope with the heating task assigned to it. Here you will need models of furnaces made in production.

Long-burning stoves are suitable for areas up to 210 m2, and the required power of such a stove for your basement can be calculated in the same way as the power of a water heating boiler. A simple brick oven is the simplest option, you do not need to calculate its power, although here you need not to miscalculate the length of the chimney and correctly implement the firebox.

Stove heating in the basement: the nuances

The furnace in the basement is the only the right decision for heating the entire house as a whole. The fact is that it is better to place the stove at the bottom of the room so that circulation warm air went right - from the bottom up. Otherwise, there is a sharp decrease in efficiency, and unnecessary costs appear. If the house does not have a basement, then the stove should be located on the first floor of the building. Also, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe furnace should be fenced off from the general space.

But there are some nuances here. The stove in the basement of the house is not just home heating, but an element of the system that needs attention. For example, with the usual brick oven the damper of the pipe must be closed at the moment when everything has burned out and no blue flames appear when the coals are stirred. This saves fuel by saving heat. If this is not done, then the heat that is given from smoldering coals will be “blown out” into the chimney. That is, the temperature in the furnace cannot heat the air entering the pipe. Therefore, it turns out that if you close the damper early, you can let smoke into the room, and if it’s too late, you can miss precious heat.

Underfloor heating in basement

Underfloor heating in the basement is no less important detail basement insulation. This is especially important when furnace heating when a cool “breeze” is pulled across the floor, which occurs (in particular in brick ovens) as a result of ventilation and chimney features. So, how to implement floor insulation in the basement?

It is best to use the following scheme:

First "layer": waterproofing;

Second layer: thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene or mineral wool;

Third layer: coupler;

Anti-drip waterproofing is designed to protect the floor from the effects of groundwater. For thermal insulation, it is best to use waterproof materials that can withstand heavy loads. Therefore, expanded polystyrene or mineral wool is best suited for these purposes. Laying waterproofing is only necessary if mineral wool was used for laying the previous layer. With expanded polystyrene, this material is not necessary. And the final stage of work will be a screed. It is best to implement a screed of the type " clay castle”, which will guarantee the necessary protection of your entire floor.

Each element is very important. Based on this, it is important to make the correspondence of the parts of the system technically correct. On the open tab of the resource, we will try to select the necessary heating components for the cottage. The heating system of the cottage has different components. The heating structure includes, boiler fasteners, pressure increasing pumps, air vents, thermostatic batteries, manifolds, expansion tank, pipes, connection system.

Author Topic: calculation of heating in the basement (Read 2858 times)

Davydova Elena Ivanovna, IP (Perm)

IMHO, one should be guided by MDK 4 - 05.2004, approved. Gosstroy of Russia 08/12/2003 And if Management Company the basement will still be classified as a “heated basement”, then the calculation should be carried out according to clause 1.2 .:

“If there is a heated basement in the building, 40% of the volume of this basement must be added to the resulting volume of the heated building. The construction volume of the underground part of the building (basement, ground floor) is defined as the product of the horizontal sectional area of ​​the building at the level of its first floor by the height of the basement (ground floor).

Source: http://izhcommunal.ru/dir/nezhilye_pomeshhenija_v_podvale_otoplenie_obman/18-1-0-921

As a rule, at multi-storey buildings there is a basement. Initially, the task of the basement was to create a place where it was possible to place heating equipment and pipelines. Then the basement began to be used for storing something technical, and then for storing vegetables, fruits, pickles, as in a cellar. IN Lately, due to the high cost of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises and their rent, basements began to be used for completely different purposes.

High-quality thermal insulation in the basement will ensure less heat loss.

The basement floor can often be seen converted into a shop, warehouse, office, and even a living space. If the BTI and technical supervision services do not have any questions and claims, then such conversions in the basements are quite acceptable, but they require heating.

Selecting a heating option

Only after that you have to choose which type of heating is most suitable. To measure the area of ​​​​the basement, as well as temperature fluctuations, you will need:

• roulette;
• pencil;
• note paper;
• thermometer;
• barometer.

Temperature and humidity readings should be recorded over several days to find out what works for you. After that, analyze the indicators that will show you what kind of humidity is in the basement, how much heat is required for heating. There is equipment that not only heats, but also dries the air, or vice versa, humidifies it. In addition, you will have to take into account the arrangement of the foundation of the room, repairs in the room, the presence of doors and windows.

It is also important how isolated the basement is from common communications. If there is a possibility of insertion into general heating, remember that there may be problems with payment calculations, since it is not always possible to calculate the correct numbers. However, there are options where individual heating for your particular basement is not suitable.

Gas or electricity?

It is recommended to use the mains voltage in the basement not higher than 42 V.

So, an important factor in determining which basement heating you choose will be the purpose of the room. If you plan to equip a living space in the basement, you will need full heatingso that it is warm even in the most terrible frosts. There will be relevant options steam heating, gas boiler, if the design provides for it. If the ventilation is broken at the basement, then first you need to finish it, plaster all the cracks, from where air can come from outside.

If you are planning an office plan or a store, you can opt for heating system on radiators that are powered by electrical network and are able to heat rooms with a fairly large area. Such heating in the basement will also dry the air, so it is ideal for rooms with high humidity. But with this choice of heating, you should pay attention to the power of the electrical network, where the radiator will be connected. If the office will be heated, where there are so many electrical appliances and electronics, such a voltage will not be able to withstand the network and it will be necessary to install additional equipment, which will incur certain costs in addition to paying for electricity.

If the humidity in the basement exceeds allowable norms, then in addition to heating, you should also worry about drying the air, since moisture destroys the basement as a whole and negatively affects the quality of the air you breathe. So on ground floor will be able to arrange comfortable conditions.

If you have plans to store something in the basement, use it as a warehouse, and relatively low temperature does not interfere with storage, you can use an ordinary battery, besides, installing it will not require any special changes in the design of heating throughout the house.

Infrared heating is an alternative to boilers and batteries. This option has several advantages: short-term installation work, ease of installation of equipment. You can equip it quickly, conveniently, simply and efficiently.

In any case, when installing any kind of heating, consultation with certain responsible services is first necessary. You can only install a heater in the basement on your own, in all other cases you will need the help of specialists, professionals in their field. It is also better to entrust the calculations that will be associated with the installation of heating in the basement to professionals.

The issue of material for equipment is also important. From what material is it better to choose pipes that will be installed, what batteries are best to choose, or what type of radiator will be of better quality? All these are individual parameters for each specific basement, and only correct calculations and monitoring air and humidity.

Petr Kravets

Reading time: 4 minutes

A A

Basement heating is of interest to both owners of multi-storey buildings and private country cottages. Often they equip bars, billiard rooms, cafes, recreation areas, GYM's, saunas or small cinemas.

Any such use of the underground of the house requires heating the basement for a comfortable stay in it for people.

Basement types

SNiP 31-02-2001 regulates the types of underground facilities as follows:

Basement

It is a floor with a floor in a room that is half the height of the walls below ground level. A room of this type can be forcedly heated additional equipment or without heating.

Underground

The space under the house between the floor of the first floor and the ground. The bottom of the building, where communication pipelines are laid and equipment is placed, is called the technical underground.

Ground floor

The basement of the house is characterized by a floor mark below the ground, buried at a distance of less than half the height of its walls. In the basement, lighting, heating and other types of work are done, since this room has great functionality and is used as an additional floor of the house.

Cellar

The cellar is buried in the ground, providing food and crop storage throughout the winter. It can be done both under the building and as a separate building, it can be placed under any outbuilding.

Organization of thermal protection at home

In places where heating will be done in the basement of a private house, it is necessary to carry out thermal insulation of the outer walls, especially the parts that will be in direct contact with the ground. This will help keep the heat inside and prevent condensation from forming.

In basements without heating, insulation with heat-shielding materials is done, as for a heated one, only additional layers can be added in the ceiling of the room to prevent cold from penetrating into the upper floors.

But even so, the temperature in the house will be much lower, so it is necessary to individually insulate the heating pipes in the basement from freezing during the cold season.

With external thermal insulation, the basement receives the following advantages:

• There are no cold bridges through which wind and frosty air enters the room;
• When condensation forms, it does not have time to cause a destructive effect on materials and the room;
• Usable space inside the basement does not become smaller;
• It is convenient to inspect the structures, which allows you to notice their damage by fungus or mold in time, as well as defects due to the harm of insects and rodents.

Of the shortcomings, it should be noted:

• It is necessary to protect the layers of thermal insulation from mechanical damage for the period of the entire use of the house, at a cost protective devices significantly larger than the layers of heat-insulating material themselves;
• It is difficult to protect against damage from insects, pest control is done with poisons and other toxic substances, which is not always applicable in a residential building;
• When facing with a brick, the penetration of cold is possible, which will reduce the degree of heat in the room.

Even when designing a structure, they plan protective work from the following factors:

• The impact of groundwater, which is difficult to dry when it enters the basement, especially in terms of building envelopes;
• Moisture in concrete mix when pouring, it enters the room for a long time, giving dampness and a musty smell;
• capillary rise of water from different sources along the capillaries in the materials from which the basement was built;
• Room air also generates moisture through condensation, inner layer thermal insulation is not able to provide absolute tightness, therefore condensate may appear on the walls of the basement. It is also formed from gases from the soil, which can penetrate around the entire perimeter of the basement;
• For internal insulation of a room, materials are often used, the level of water penetration of which is quite high, and when wet, their characteristics are reduced. Then it is necessary to protect them with individual waterproofing works;
• Internal thermal insulation layers make it difficult to drain the basement. Moisture from the soil, concrete and capillary water from the base materials is very difficult to remove and requires long drying. It is required to make high-quality waterproofing;
• Walls that are below ground level are cold, and the warm and humid basement air somehow affects them from the inside, which leads to the formation of moisture with the subsequent destruction of materials.

When equipping a structure that protects against damage, additional layers of thermal protection can be made, both outside and inside. But they have the same disadvantages as the base, only at the same time they increase the estimate at times.

Arrangement of heating of underground premises

Heating in the basement is designed to create an optimal temperature regime, which changes during its operation. As a rule, water or air systems are used. The loads of the basement heating system are determined based on the heat balance of the basement.

When the basement is not in use by the owner, the high temperature can be maintained without using a heater - at a depth of more than two meters, the temperature in some regions does not drop below - 0 degrees Celsius.

Competent thermal insulation of the basement walls keeps the temperature at a level of up to degrees of heat without additional heating systems. In addition, communications and equipment also emit heat, which allows you to increase the degree of the room.

Everything heating appliances located at the enclosing structures of the basement walls.

Requirements for gas equipment in the basement

When installing gas boilers and other equipment, you must follow the rules for their installation and use. A gas boiler is installed if there is a boiler room in a private house. In the underground apartment building installation gas equipment strictly prohibited.

Installation Requirements gas units the following:

• Ceilings in the room must be at least 2.5 meters;
• The basement area cannot be less than 4 square meters;
• Must be equipped daylight, and for every ten squares of the room - at least one window opening measuring 0.3 sq.m.;
• Doorways should be at least 80 centimeters wide;
• The basement must be equipped with high-quality ventilation;
• It is necessary to make a gas analyzer that can turn off the gas supply with an electric valve in case of malfunctions.

Operation in the basement of gas equipment should be exclusively in accordance with the rules:

• FROM open doors to the street,
• With an extractor hood, the draft of which is at least three volumes of air per hour;
• The air inflow is calculated by the sum of the exhaust volume with the amount of air required for the operation of the burner;
• A window must be equipped.

Installation of a coaxial chimney for a gas boiler in the basement

Except electrical, everything gas boilers installed in the basement with air inflow and smoke removal. This device is located near the unit or with heating boilers with a sealed combustion chamber.

As a rule, manufacturers supply this equipment with the boiler. A classic hood for such devices is not required, it will be possible not to remove combustion products from the room.

The device device is characterized by the presence of two tubes, which are located one inside the other without contact. They are taken out into the street. A larger channel is made to remove combustion products, and a small tube drives fresh air.

Then the smoke from the boiler is removed safely, without coming into contact with the incoming air portions from the outside.

The advantages of such a device.

Heating the basement of a private house is a time-consuming, but fully justifying process. After all, it allows you to make the basement residential. When you decide to start warming the basement, the first question that you will decide is whether to turn to professionals or do everything yourself. And, in the case when you are not familiar with heating systems, you do not know how to do it right necessary calculations- the decision will be unambiguous, the help of a specialist is needed. To date, there are already smart systems for wooden housesthat will help you deal with the issue of heating.

But if you are familiar with this work and you know how to work with the tool, you can start working on your own.

So, you have already made the decision to work on your own. Then you will first have to face the solution of such questions:

1. How to make heating in the basement;
2. How to correctly calculate basement heating;
3. What materials will be required for thermal insulation of pipes;

You also need to remember to install proper ventilation. Order this You can in Tyumen by visiting the official website.

Steam heating for basement or basement

It is quite simple to make exactly water heating, both throughout the house and only in the basement. That is why choose this type of space heating.

It is possible to organize heating of this type both with the help of a gas boiler and an electric one. Here, of course, you can not do without cons. Since the space is heated with steam, the highest temperatures will remain in the upper part of the room. And, of course, there are advantages: there will always be hot water in the system.

How to calculate the power of a heating boiler

Undoubtedly, heating is very important for a residential building. This summer it seems that heating the house is not such an important issue. But with the onset of cold weather, the issue becomes paramount. If the issue with the choice of heating system has already been resolved, then it is necessary to make a calculation for the basement heating system.

If you have chosen space heating with steam heating, you need to know the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room. In order to correctly calculate the power of the installed boiler, it is necessary to know the area of ​​\u200b\u200bheated premises. Having calculated the heated area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises, compare according to the following scheme:

1. At total area from 60 to 180 sq. m boiler power should be no more than 25 kW;
2. For areas up to 300 sq. m boiler power should be from 25 kW to 35 kW;
3. For areas up to 600 sq. m boiler power select 30-65 kW;
4. At large area heated premises, up to 1200 sq. m boiler power should be 60-100 kW.

Of course, it would be logical to connect the whole house to this heating system.

Having chosen the heating of the house and the basement, sooner or later you will face the question of thermal insulation of the heating pipes in the basement. There are many ways to insulate heating pipelines in the basement. Next, we will dwell in more detail on those options for insulating pipelines that you can implement with your own hands.

Use of mineral wool

If the pipes are made of plastic, then for their insulation it is worth using mineral wool or replacing it with glass wool. The material is sold in rolls and must be cut into small pieces. For thermal insulation, tightly wrap the pipes with them and secure with a nylon cord. Fasten the rope to the pipe and wind it in a spiral along the length of all pipes.

The second step consists of creating waterproofing protection pipes. For this purpose, take a ruberoid. Cut it into not too large pieces and wind it around the pipe over the insulation. Make overlaps not too large, up to 10 centimeters. Again, use the nylon rope, wrap it over the roofing material, in the same way as when fixing the insulation. Here, for additional fixation, you can also use tape.

Insulation of all pipes with polyurethane foam

The polyurethane foam halves are connected on the pipe, and the edges are wrapped with tape. Further, the parts must be placed with an overlap of more than 10 centimeters. Where the pieces of polyurethane foam are connected, be sure to wrap the tape. This insulation is equipped with an additional layer of foil, it becomes like a thermos. This method of pipe insulation can be safely used not only in the basement.

Insulation of pipes with polystyrene foam

Today, expanded polystyrene is the most affordable option. It is made for pipes with different diameters. It is very easy to make insulation from expanded polystyrene and the cost of it is relatively low. Install the insulation halves around the pipe and secure at the joints with tape. Repeat your steps until all pipes are insulated.

Video - Scheme of the heating system of a private house