The choice of a long-burning boiler. What are solid fuel boilers, and what are the principles of their operation

In some cases, a solid fuel boiler remains the only practical way heating private ohm. but classic designs have one very unpleasant drawback, you constantly have to monitor the amount of fuel and throw firewood or coal into the furnace. Slightly delayed or delayed, and the coolant begins to cool.

You can develop a habit, create a rigid schedule to ensure constant heating, or you can choose a solid fuel boiler long burning, which is extremely in a simple way able to work on one tab up to several days.

Principle of operation and device

Traditionally, in solid fuel boilers, as in stoves and fireplaces, active combustion of wood or coal was used. Due to the controlled air supply, it was possible to achieve maximum heat transfer and good fuel burnout. However, active combustion too quickly uses the entire volume of fuel put into the furnace, from which it is constantly necessary to replenish its amount.

In solid fuel boilers for long burning, the main idea is to slow down the process of burning fuel. If only one part of the bookmark is lit, then the total volume will be consumed over a much longer period of time.

As an example, it suffices to recall how long a match burns with the flame up, and how quickly it flares up and burns out with the flame down, burning fingers in the process. With firewood and coal, this principle also applies.

It is necessary to limit the burning area in one place of the laying and keep it at a minimum required level without allowing the entire volume to ignite.

Long-burning boilers are equipped with a volumetric combustion chamber several times larger than conventional designs. Firewood or coal is filled to the top of the chamber, leaving only a small gap. Ignition is carried out from the top of the bookmark.

The chamber is insulated in the lower part, the air flow is carried out only from above, if the boiler is with upper combustion. After the fuel is ignited, all the oxygen from the chamber burns out and, in fact, the firewood located below the burning area is conserved.

The air supply is controlled and strictly limited. As a result, firewood either smolders or burns only in the upper part of the chamber.

For air supply, a special blowing fan is used, installed instead of a standard gate or in a separate seat. Only by controlling the fan, the combustion process of the boiler and the preparation of the coolant are fully controlled, which greatly simplifies the automation of the operation of solid fuel boilers.

According to the method of localization of the combustion area, boilers are distinguished:

• with top burning;
• with lower combustion (pyrolysis).

There is a fundamental difference between these two methods. Boilers of long burning by definition with top combustion, which ensures that the main volume of the backfill does not warm up. Boilers with bottom combustion are pyrolysis boilers. Although they stand out in the hotel group, they are also long-burning devices.

When firewood is heated above 300 ° C without active combustion, the decomposition of wood into ash and pyrolysis gas begins, burning which you can get more thermal energy than with conventional active combustion, but with less power.

Active combustion gives a much greater heat output per unit time than the upper or lower combustion of the same volume of fuel. To obtain the required power in long-burning boilers, it is necessary to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200blow combustion, increase the amount of fuel put into the furnace.

There are two main benefits from this. long burning boilers:

• The gradual combustion of fuel is easier to control and bookmarks last for a longer time, moreover, the difference is an order of magnitude.
• It is possible to automatically control and regulate the thermal power of the boiler with a gradual consumption of fuel.

The principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler

In pyrolysis boilers, a chamber for burning the emitted gas is additionally equipped. The air supply is carried out separately from the main chamber with a filling, so it is possible to maintain active combustion there with a large heat output per unit time.

Long-burning boilers with upper combustion are often not equipped with grates, since there is no need to supply air from below, and it is easier to remove ash using a retractable solid pan, moreover, this should be done almost every few weeks, or even a month.

Only combined boilers and pyrolysis boilers are equipped with grates, in which, in addition to long-term burning, you can set up the usual classic mode of operation with complete and uniform burnout of the bookmark.

Is it true that the download is once a week?

Indeed, some long-burning boilers can work up to a week on one gas station of firewood or coal. However, this mainly applies to heavy-duty units with an output of 150kV and up to several megawatts. An ordinary boiler for a private house is more often designed for continuous operation on one tab up to 30-45 hours, that is, up to two days.

The main problem lies in allowable size combustion chambers while maintaining adequate controllability of the entire process. It is necessary to choose a compromise solution between such parameters as:

• chamber volume;
• chamber depth;
• burning area;
• required boiler output.

With an increase in the volume of the chamber for laying fuel, it is also necessary to increase the combustion area, since it will not work to make the chamber narrow and high. In this case, it is difficult to maintain an active flow of air to the combustion zone when it drops too low.

A number of turbulent flows arise that can spread combustion to the entire volume and completely disrupt the normal operation of the boiler.

Boiler manufacturers primarily start from the required heat output of the boiler, and already on this basis, the dimensions of the combustion chamber are selected as a compromise solution.

Coal-fired boilers last longer on one tab than wood-fired ones. For example, if the boiler is designed to operate from one coal load for 17 hours, then it will most likely work only 14-15 hours on a firewood load, with the same heat output setting.

Double-circuit or with a water circuit for the house

Solid fuel boilers for long burning can be equipped with one or two heat exchangers for preparing the coolant for the heating system and hot water supply. There are no fundamental differences from the design of conventional solid fuel kitols. The circuits can be combined in one bithermic heat exchanger or located separately from each other.

The type and configuration of the heat exchanger is selected by the manufacturer based on the dimensions and shape of the furnace so as to maximize the use thermal energy by appointment.

Long-burning boilers operate on a smaller volume of air and with a lower temperature of the outgoing combustion products. Heat exchangers are made with as much as possible larger area heat exchange.

The advantage of long-burning boilers is the ability to control and regulate the thermal power of combustion, only by adjusting the air supply, without regard to the amount of fuel loaded.

If in conventional boilers If you have to limit the portions of firewood or coal and make bookmarks more often in order to reduce the temperature of the coolant, then in long-burning boilers it is enough to limit the air supply so that the firewood only smolders.

Ukrainian production

Among Ukrainian manufacturers, the following companies are engaged in the production of solid fuel long-burning boilers: Altep, Buran, Gefest-profi, KOTeko, NEYS, SWaG, Donterm.

Boiler Altep KT-1E

Partially presented are their own developments, however, in view of the greater experience of European manufacturers, the models partially or completely repeat good decisions Western partners or a licensed assembly is offered on the basis of regional factories and enterprises.

Brand and model	Power	Burning type	Fuel	Duration of work	Cost, $
Altep KT-1E 15-45 KW	15	Top burning	firewood/coal	8-24 hours	950
Buran-12	12	Top burning	Firewood/coal/briquettes/waste	up to 30 h	975
Buran -20 Delux	20	Top burning	Coal/firewood/briquettes	Coal-12 days, Firewood-48 h Briquettes - 72 hours	1200
SWaG 20 kW Dm	20	Top burning	Coal/firewood/pellets	Coal - up to 5 days.	1050
NEYS NEYS-V	10-38	Top burning	Coal/firewood/pellets	8-24 hours	750-1200
Donterm DTM KOT-10T	10	Top burning	Coal/firewood/briquettes	Up to 48 hours	450

Russian production

Solid fuel boilers Russian production are represented mainly by a number of brands, while the equipment itself is sometimes assembled at the same production facilities.

Among the common brands: Phantom, Teplov, Bourgeois-k, F.B.R.Zh., Zota, Wester, Don, Sibenergoterm (Prometheus), Tepoldar (Cooper PRO), Buderus.

In almost all cases, long-burning boilers or pyrolysis boilers is a reworking of the classic layout with an increase in the furnace and the restructuring of the air supply system.

However, models such as Prometheus or Zota boast a unique design of the heat exchanger and combustion products removal system, focused specifically on the pyrolysis bottom or top combustion of the fuel.

Brand and model	power, kWt	Burning type	Fuel	Duration of work, h	Cost, thousand rubles
Bourgeois-K T-50A	50	Pyrolysis / firewood	firewood	6-12	138/149 single circuit / double circuit
Bourgeois-K T-150A	150	Pyrolysis / firewood	firewood	6-12	315/336 single circuit / double circuit
ZOTA Carbon	15-60	Lower combustion/coal	coal	10-12	40-84
Teplov T10	10	Pyrolysis / firewood / coal	firewood	up to 12	40/44 single circuit / double circuit
Teplov T100	100	Pyrolysis / firewood / coal	firewood	up to 12	190/210 single circuit / double circuit
Phantom Max 30a	30	Pyrolysis	firewood	up to 20	100
Phantom Max 90 a	90	pyrolysis	firewood	up to 20	236

Stropuva boilers

The company Stropuva, ​​established in Lithuania since 2000, is engaged in the production of long-burning boilers and ready-made solutions for autonomous heating systems with automatic control. Boilers have a specific appearance due to a significantly increased volume of the combustion chamber, and for the most part up.

The shape of any model is a tall cylinder, inside which a volumetric chamber, an air supply system and heat exchangers for the heating circuit and hot water are assembled. The design and principle of operation of Stropuva boilers is patented, so it is hardly possible to find an analogue, however, you can already find a lot of fakes on the market that are far behind the originals in terms of characteristics and quality.

STROPUVA IDEAL boilers are a universal solution for working with firewood, coal, fuel briquettes. The main feature is the presence of perfect automation, which allows you to set the operating modes with high accuracy. heating equipment. However, only 20 and 40 kW models are presented in this line.

Stropuva boiler device

STROPUVA boilers are universal – boilers for almost any type of combustion solid fuel from wood waste to coke and coal. Partially automated, mainly in relation to maintaining the long-term burning regime. The lineup represented by boilers with a capacity of 10 to 40 kW.

STROPUVA wood-fired boilers are a simple solution in cases where the main type of fuel is, by definition, wood. The list of models starts with a power of 7 kW, as perfect solution for a small country house or cottages.

How to choose

The main criterion when choosing a long-burning boiler is its nominal thermal power, moreover, when using the main type of fuel.

After that, you should pay attention to:

• combustion chamber volume;
• operating time from one load;
• version and availability of automation;
• the possibility of using other types of solid fuel;
• number and characteristics of heat exchangers.

It is not worth counting on a load of fuel that is enough for a week in boilers positioned for a private house. Optimal value battery life is from 17 to 45 hours, which is quite suitable for private use.

To ensure a comfortable microclimate in the house, it must first of all be warm. If it is impossible to connect to the main heat supply in private houses, energy-saving heating boilers are often used. These modern devices prepared for reliable and long work with maximum efficiency up to 95%.

Working on wood or coal, they often faced the problem of the constant need to add fuel. The solution was found at the beginning of the 2000s by full process automation and slow combustion technologies, which led to their high popularity and positive reviews from consumers. Even the cost is relatively higher than previous models does not reduce the spread of long-burning boilers.

Types and classification

The main differences between solid fuel boilers are provided due to:

• fuel material. Most devices run on wood, some of them prefer pressed production waste - modern and economical option. Various combinations are also allowed.
• Incineration method. Many boilers are characterized normal combustion. However, there are a number of gas generating systems where heat is generated by burning wood gas. Such models differ in a higher price, but also in the smallest amount of residual ash.
• Power requirements.

Long-burning heating boilers are divided into several varieties:

1. Solid fuel heating boilers made of cast iron on wood or coal - this is the most common type of non-volatile device today. It is preferable in this case to use coal as a fuel, because. logs burn out here quickly enough. The Russian example is the KChM system.

2. Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers of long burning consist of two chambers. The system involves the combustion of fuel in the first heat exchanger with artificially created oxygen deficiency, pyrolysis process and gas synthesis. In turn, the second chamber acts as a burner for the resulting gas. Such equipment consumes mainly hardwood, while the burn-out time of the material is from 6 to 10 hours.

3. Solid fuel pellet boilers - from the name it is clear that the fuel is pellets - compressed or granulated wood waste. Typically, this is completely automated systems with adjustable fuel supply. Loading is done once a season. The disadvantage of such a heating device is the impossibility of burning firewood or other means other than granular ones.

4. Long-burning boilers for mixed fuels. Firewood, coal, sawdust, peat and their combinations are allowed to be used. A feature is the combustion chamber, in which the process takes place due to the smoldering of the material. The operating time is from 12 hours to 2 days. Due to the significant fuel reserve, about 50 kg can be loaded once a week.

Which device to choose?

The range of heating equipment today is quite wide, including Russian and foreign representatives. To choose a specific option, it is often worth resorting to the advice of a professional, as well as taking into account a number of disposing factors.

1. Russian solid fuel boilers compared to foreign ones, they have a predominantly low price and full adaptation to our climate zone. It is reliable and a budget option for suburban construction.

2. Before purchasing a heating boiler, it is necessary to carefully consider its functional purpose. Mainly, whether it will be used as an additional heating element at home or whether it will be used all the time. For variable work, it is enough to buy inexpensive model. But for continuous operation, it is recommended to pay special attention to specifications purchased equipment.

3. The most popular option is with wood fuel, due to the energy efficiency and duration of burning of the material. In this case, it is worth choosing a model with an underestimated position of the combustion chamber, which, in turn, will provide a comfortable and safe operation. By virtue of the design device, it is allowed self-adjustment oxygen supply, which affects the rate of combustion of the fuel. Such models are in the line.

4. The regulator on a solid fuel heating boiler can be a special fan mounted in the housing with an integrated control system. A mandatory requirement for operation is the presence of cooling, which prevents the mechanisms from overheating.

5. Regarding the main body material for solid fuel boiler long burning, the most common are steel or cast iron. Pig-iron differ in the increased resistance to corrosion, durability and reliability in operation. Such devices are more fire resistant and able to withstand a significant temperature range. Perhaps the only drawback of these stoves is their fragility - damage can easily be caused by a blow or a fall.

6. Cast iron solid fuel boilers usually consist of several parts, which makes them easier to transport. Also, in case of unforeseen breakdowns or leaks, it is possible to replace a separate unusable element instead of buying new complex equipment.

7. In turn steel boilers heating systems are produced by welding and can only be transported assembled. However, they have a much wider range of configurations compared to cast iron.

8. Based on a series positive qualities, cast iron heating systems are of great value to consumers, although they are distinguished by a high price compared to steel ones.

9. On modern market heating boilers with a water circuit are becoming increasingly popular. This equipment should be chosen not only for space heating, but also in the case of interruptions hot water in home. There are also ergonomic models with a built-in hob for cooking food.

Buyer opinions

Due to the recent appearance on the market of heating systems, solid fuel devices have not yet managed to acquire a wide list of buyers. However, below are reviews of several owners of long-burning heating boilers.

“Recently moved to a country house. Everything would be fine, but with the first frosts the question arose about heating in the premises. A gas heating boiler was not even considered, since they were built, one might say, in a field and ten kilometers to the nearest gas pipeline. Therefore, the search for an alternative solution led to autonomous system on solid fuel. Quickly arranged and installed. The first winter we lived without any problems in warmth and comfort. Haven't found a job offer yet. And it “eats” coal in moderation, and saves electricity.”

Ivan, St. Petersburg.

“Fifteen years lived in a house with furnace heating. The question arose of changing technology due to a gap in family budget, too much was spent on firewood. Through friends I found out about solid fuel boilers. At first, I was wary - I didn’t want to change the awl for soap, to invest in wood again. But at the first bookmark, I was pleasantly surprised at how economical fuel consumption is. One download lasts up to two days. Firewood smolders and smolders, but at the same time it is cozy and warm in the house. Haven't regretted the purchase one bit."

Vasily, Moscow.

“Even at the construction stage, my wife and I thought about how our house would be heated. Long searches and consultations with knowledgeable people went to long-burning boilers. At first I thought it was last century- burning with coal or wood. However, the seller in the store clearly explained to us that modern pyrolysis technologies work wonders in terms of saving on fuel and electricity with a high efficiency of the entire system. Convinced, eventually installed and not at all disappointed, so I recommend!”.

Peter, Tver.

"For heating in country house decided to take the unit with a water circuit. At first scared high price, but after two years of service, all costs paid off with interest, because it turns out to save not only on firewood, but also on electric heating water. Plus, they made a discount on the installation of expensive equipment. As a result, we got the desired warmth and financial benefits.”

Irina Novoselova, Samara.

Main pros and cons

Initially, it is worth noting the significant advantage of long-burning solid fuel boilers compared to gas boilers, which have a more attractive low cost. We are talking about energy-saving ability, cost savings on electricity and gas, the ability to work in the absence of electricity.

Many positive reviews are expressed in relation to heating boilers with lower combustion. They can significantly reduce fuel consumption, hence the cash costs for it, as well as reduce the concentration harmful substances released into the atmosphere after combustion to a minimum. The fact is that carbon monoxide serves as a kind of fuel for the system and is practically not emitted through the chimney. Another advantage is significantly less soot and ash formation during operation. This eliminates the need for frequent cleaning of equipment.

Many experts note the versatility of using long-burning boilers, they can be installed in almost any room. Predisposes to the installation and a high degree of process automation, increased efficiency compared to other heating systems, the ability to adjust the temperature of heaters and water.

The downside, perhaps, is the increased prices for high-power samples. But, as a rule, the costs of equipment and installation pay off within a few years of operation.

Price

You can choose the necessary heating system based on its price category, which will depend on the brand of the manufacturer, the power of the installation, the heated area, the type of fuel consumed and the material of execution. Prices for the most popular models of Russian-made boilers and their foreign counterparts according to consumer reviews are shown in the table below.

Name	Manufacturer	Price, rubles
Pellet SSL/SSP 15	FACI, Russia	139 000
Coal boiler C 15	FACI, Russia	140 000
Boiler Kupper OVK 10 with a cast-iron hob	Teplodar, Russia	22 500
Cast iron KChM-5-K-03M1	KChM, Russia	45 700
Heating boiler Logano S111-16	Buderus, Germany	33 300
Pellet boiler S15P	Stropuva, ​​Lithuania	82 500
Combined boiler KRH-35A with a water circuit	Kiturami, South Korea	159 000
Pyrolysis boiler PYROTEK 26 with water circuit	WATTEK, Czech Republic	184 000

Long-burning wood-burning boilers are in demand among summer residents and owners of cottages intended for year-round living. Before installation, you should understand the features, pros and cons of this type heating of a private house.

Boilers for long-term combustion on wood do not need frequent maintenance, while the cost of each 1 kW / h. thermal energy is several times lower than when using liquid fuel or gas units.

A solid fuel wood burning boiler is well suited for homeowners who have the opportunity to purchase good quality firewood.

In general, the mechanism of operation is based on long-term smoldering of fuel due to limited air intake - as a result of the bookmark, it lasts approximately 80% longer than when operating a solid fuel boiler of the so-called classical type.

Pros and cons of wood burning boilers for long burning fuel

Advantages:

• no need for frequent refueling - depending on the model chosen, it is necessary to throw firewood into the combustion chamber from once every 3-4 hours and up to 12 hours;
• possibility of application various types fuels and their combinations;
• the operation of the boiler in most cases is autonomous and does not require connection to other communications;
• relative cheapness of fuel.

Solid fuel boiler in a private house

Disadvantages:

• the cost is higher than classic boilers;
• due to the low calorific value of firewood, efficiency from 70 to 89%;
• there is no temperature control mechanism.

Another important disadvantage is the impossibility of operation of heating equipment without human intervention.

Advice. Mainly for dachas and private cottages are purchased wood boilers with combustion chambers small sizes. Boost Heating efficiency It is possible by increasing the combustion chamber, but at the same time, the dimensions of the boiler itself will also increase.

Varieties according to the mechanism of action

• Heating unit with an extended firebox
  The simplest and most common type wood heating. The main difference from standard solid fuel units is elongated shape with an extended chimney. Air supply is dosed directly into the combustion chamber after ignition, due to which the operating time on each laying of firewood is significantly increased (up to 6-8 hours).

Solid fuel boiler with extended firebox

• Top burning model
  Unlike standard wood burning boilers, which are ignited from below, top combustion boilers burn fuel under the influence of a burner moving from above and slowly lowering down.
• pyrolysis boiler
  The gas generating, or pyrolysis, unit has a more complex, in comparison with the two previous models, principle of operation and design, due to which it can continuously work up to 12 hours on each fuel tab. In the combustion chamber, firewood does not burn in it, but smolders very slowly, releasing gas in turn. It is discharged into the compartment of the lower chamber, where, under the forced supply of oxygen, it is burned, releasing additional heat.

Top burning solid fuel boiler

The most popular units for private ownership

Different models of wood boilers differ from each other:

1. the dimensions of the combustion chambers;
2. construction type;
3. manufacturing material.

The heat exchanger is often made of steel or cast iron. At the same time, cast iron will last longer than steel, cools for a long time, but can collapse with sudden temperature changes. Steel is heat-resistant, but can be subject to corrosion and will last an average of about 10-15 years.

For country heating most often, simple single-circuit models are installed; for houses with year-round use, it is rational to install a double-circuit boiler. In the latter case, one circuit will provide heating, while the second will provide hot water.

Scheme: pyrolysis boiler device

Each individual unit has its own special technical characteristics, averaged data:

• power about 100 kW;
• coolant temperature at the outlet is 80 degrees, on the return - at least 50 degrees;
• working pressure on average 1 atm.;
• boiler weight up to 400 kg;
• duration of work on one load of fuel 10−12 hours.

Pyrolysis boiler operation

Attention! When buying a wood-fired heating boiler, you need to take into account that most units were originally designed to burn brown or hard coal. Their technical data sheets indicate the power and burning time of one bookmark based on work on coal. Therefore, it is necessary to separately calculate the power and time of fuel combustion if the heat generator will work on wood.

How to organize heating

In private cottages designed for year-round use, long-burning boilers equipped with heat exchangers cut into the heating system. The coolant carries the thermal energy obtained by burning firewood to the radiators.

Attention! If the autonomous system uses circulation pump, make sure that the boiler heat exchanger can withstand the operating pressure of the entire system.

IN small dachas for 1-2 rooms there is no need for heating system autonomous type, it is more rational to use a Buleryan type convector oven. For models operating on the principle of convection, the walls of the furnaces consist of open metal tubes which are welded to each other in a vertical position.

Home heating system with a solid fuel boiler

In the process of burning firewood, heated air rises through the tubes due to the action of convection, and cold air enters in its place.

Fuel selection

You can place a boiler on long-burning wood both in the house and in an equipped boiler room or in a small free-standing extension to a private cottage. In this case, it will be necessary to allocate a separate place for fuel: wood, coal, peat, etc.

The most demanded type of fuel is most often waste from the woodworking industry. But this species fuel is low-calorie, so it requires a large consumption.

Wood is the most popular type of fuel for home boilers

The calorific value of the raw material will directly depend on the choice and degree of moisture content of the raw material. The fuel with the highest performance is dry firewood, the quality of which should ideally be the same high quality from purchase to purchase. Maximum length fuel - 40 cm.

Important Mounting Features

The weight of wood-burning boilers reaches several hundred kilograms, so before installing it is necessary to make sure that the floors can withstand the load. Suitable for hard floors cast iron product, in other cases, it is worth considering the option of buying a steel boiler, which will weigh several times less.

At the place where the installation of the unit is planned, a pillow is usually equipped from concrete (its thickness varies from 100 to 150 mm).

For the smooth operation of the boiler, its correct installation is very important.

In non-volatile boilers, so-called mechanical thermostats. If the model has a fan designed for forced air supply, as well as electronic system regulation, an electrical connection is required.

It is important to bear in mind that during power outages, operation will be very difficult.

Conclusion

Long burning boilers deserve special attention when choosing heating equipment for private houses and summer cottages. The most effective are pyrolysis units, which have the most high efficiency 97% and long term work without refueling.

Placement of a solid fuel boiler

Before buying, you should also decide on the material of manufacture, the required volume of the furnace, prepare a boiler room or equip a place for a boiler in the house. Separately, you should take care of choosing high-quality fuel - dry firewood must be prepared in advance, a separate place is allocated for their storage.

How does a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler work: video

Long burning boiler: photo

Devices such as long-burning solid fuel boilers are a very cheap and profitable option for heating your home, despite the fact that their operation is rather cumbersome. To date, manufacturers are trying to make such boilers practical and affordable for everyone. But you can still find old models. A modern long-burning solid fuel boiler is an efficient and simple device that will safely heat your home.

Historical aspects

Solid fuel boilers had one important drawback at one time - as the fuel burned, it was necessary to constantly add it. However, in the near 2000, an organization called Stropuva decided that this problem could be fixed. Edmuntas Shtropaitis, an inventor, invented such a device as a long-burning heating boiler.

The principle of operation was that air is supplied to the device through a special telescopic tube. So, a large supply of solid-type fuel will burn as needed - in a gradual manner.

Used as fuel traditional materials- that is, firewood, coke, coal. This greatly simplified the process of heating the premises. And if a cascade is made from such boilers, then it will be able to heat a very large room.

Solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel heating boilers can be different. And the main division into types is the device of a solid fuel heating boiler, which determines the method of combustion. Yes, in classic models and most boilers use conventional combustion. However, we note that with the development of technology, this process is constantly being improved. As a result, a variety of new inventions appear.

Such inventions include pyrolysis boilers, in the process of pyrolysis, not only firewood, but also wood gas are burned. It is worth noting that the efficiency of this type of boiler is significantly higher, and soot does not appear during operation, and ash is in a minimal amount. Of course, such boilers will cost more, but the whole price will pay off due to the fact that high efficiency.

Wood is a good fuel. In addition to firewood, waste from the woodworking industry can be used.

They are crushed to a very fine state, pressed into special granules, which are called pellets. Such granules are poured into the bunker and fed into the combustion chamber if necessary.

Such fuel is the prerogative of pellet boilers. Note that fuels can also be used alone or in combinations. In this case, you will need to purchase a universal or combined boiler that can run on any solid fuel. In addition to these types, solid fuel boilers may be dependent on electrical energy or independent.

A separate category is made up of industrial solid fuel heating boilers for long burning. If we consider classic version, then this is a rather bulky equipment, and in order to install it, a separate room is required. Strict requirements are imposed on the location of the boiler so that the use and operation of the boiler are safe in the future.

Many organizations have been successfully using industrial boilers on solid fuel - after all, these devices are inexpensive and easy to operate.

Solid fuel boilers also differ in the following types:

• With manual loading;
• With mechanical fuel supply;
• With movable grates;
• With foretops.

If we consider the issue of fuel, then for industrial equipment charcoal is usually used. Although this is due to the fact that most industrial models are designed specifically for coal as an energy carrier. Modern models have a high level of automation and excellent environmental properties.

Choosing a solid fuel boiler

If you are going to install a long-burning wood-burning heating boiler, this will be an excellent alternative to the traditional one. gas heating. After all, such a system is easy to use, efficient in terms of heat transfer. It is worth noting that if there is no electrical energy, such a boiler will still not leave the room in the cold.

If the solid fuel boiler will be wood-fired, then it is better to choose lower combustion. This option is more optimal, since its efficiency will be higher than that of boilers with upper combustion for coal.

The bottom combustion boiler has two or three combustion chambers, so it is possible to burn off the fuel particles. So, as a result, the release of harmful substances into environment will be less, fuel consumption will decrease.

It is worth noting that if you have a top combustion boiler in front of you, then unburned particles will enter the chimney along with the smoke. In addition, the advantage of boilers with bottom combustion is that it is possible to control the combustion process - by regulating the productivity of dosing the amount of air that will enter the furnace. For this purpose, a fan with a control system or a special regulator will be used.

Solid fuel boilers for long-burning heating can be made of both cast iron and steel.

Cast iron boilers are more resistant to corrosion. It is worth noting that this property is very important, because condensate will appear on the walls of the combustion chamber, and then it will disappear - when the temperature of the heat carrier is above the dew point.

Condensate during the combustion of a fuel such as coal is a rather aggressive environment. That is why the steel boiler will be exposed to the detrimental effects of corrosion processes earlier. In addition, a steel heat exchanger burns out faster, because cast iron has a high level of fire resistance. But at the same time, cast iron itself is brittle. It can be damaged by an accidental but strong impact.

Pig-iron wood-burning boilers for long-burning heating consist of sections. This makes it possible to transport the boiler disassembled, and then assemble it on site. In addition, if the integrity of a section is violated, then it can be replaced. The steel boiler is supplied ready-made, as it is welded from sheets.

Note that right before buying a boiler, it is worth deciding on its purpose - it will be the main heating or additional. And if you use it as an addition, then you can not buy an expensive model. And for permanent use, the model must be, first of all, of high quality.