Electric heating of a country house: types and characteristics of equipment. Heating boilers for summer cottages: types, advantages and disadvantages

This article is about trying to create perfect heating for country house. An important clarification is that this is not a dacha, but a conditionally country house permanent residence. Only accommodation in it is more often for the weekend, although there is also accommodation for a month, more often in winter.

I am telling in such detail to explain the requirements for the boiler: the reliability of heating in the absence of permanent residence and control, long power outages, the possibility of using alternative fuel. As a result of a three-year search and replacement of two boilers, a universal heating scheme was chosen, which proved itself well after some alterations.

I will not list unsuccessful types of boilers and heating systems. I'll stick with the worked out version. There are three boilers: a gas atmospheric gravity one with a circulation pump, and a coal-firewood solid fuel boiler, a gas boiler for heating water. Consider the priority features of each.

Why exactly him?

Trunk gas is the cheapest and cleanest fuel. Gravity boilers are non-volatile, self-regulating. Self-regulation - the circulation rate, i.e. the rate of heat transfer depending on the temperature in the room: the lower the temperature, the faster the coolant gives off heat and returns to the boiler faster. Translated into an accessible language: set the desired temperature - the heating system itself will maintain it within the available limits. Together with the boiler thermostat, the heating parameters are stabilized at the level of the best electronic boilers.

Gravity systems have significant disadvantage- large pipe diameters, and as a result, increased fuel consumption for heating a significant amount of coolant. To reduce fuel consumption, a precisely calculated compromise is needed. The fact is that a gravitational non-volatile system is needed only during the absence of electricity. The rest of the time, you can drive the coolant through the pipes with a circulation pump, this is economical in terms of fuel consumption, smaller pipe diameters are needed.

The compromise lies in the calculation of the minimum allowable pipe diameter, at which natural circulation still occurs. With excessive fuel consumption, it is uneconomical, but it circulates, during a long absence of electricity, the system maintains the set temperature. Or you can leave the pipe diameters without underestimating the diameters, as for natural circulation, in the presence of electricity, the coolant circulates with the help of a pump. In case of a long-term power failure, the system fully works as a gravitational one.

Current pipe conversions

It turned out that it is possible to compare two systems in terms of the cost of materials and gas consumption, installed in neighboring houses of the same area of ​​​​120m2 for 5 years of operation. Fully gravitational, and with underestimated diameters. The material cost difference was $120, with the larger cost of full-size pipes.

In terms of gas consumption and power outages, on average 3-5 times per heating season for 3-7 days, the difference in gas consumption was $40 per season, with a higher cost of full-size pipes. It would seem that the conclusion is obvious - we underestimate the diameters of the pipes to the minimum possible, and save fuel and materials. Not so simple.

During the critical period prolonged absence electricity in the system of calculated low pipes, it is necessary to raise the temperature to the maximum possible - 95C. Otherwise, maintaining a comfortable 20C indoors is unrealistic. Modern plastic pipes turn into sagging pasta with a risk of bursting and significant linear expansion. According to Murphy's laws, long-term power outages occur precisely at maximum low temperatures when there is a snowstorm outside the window.

After a week of observation, with concern for softened plastic pipes, it was decided to replace the entire section from the boiler to top wiring on metal. Underestimated pipe diameters were converted to full-size ones. The alteration is possibly controversial, but I didn’t want to freeze again in the cold and be afraid of further softening plastic pipes. The difference of $40 at a seasonal heating cost of $400 is an insignificant price to pay for a calm and warm life in winter.

Necessary changes

Gravity boilers have quite effective, but the simplest automation that responds to the main parameters of safe heating: the presence of traction, gas pressure, attenuation, maximum temperature. To all this, automation reacts by shutting off the gas. We installed boiler automation - Honeywell, which allows you to adjust the burner flame. Before that, there was Eurosit, they replaced it - it doesn’t keep the low temperature limit of the boiler well.

There have been attempts to establish a precise regulation of the boiler temperature depending on the changing air temperature in the room. A temperature sensor is installed in the controlled room, the output from the sensor goes to the electromechanical gas supply valve to the boiler. The main condition is that in the event of a power outage, the system must return to its original state of the boiler's passport operation. The system is operational, but such installation is a violation of the installation gas equipment. They removed it from harm's way, especially since they did not notice any visible gas savings on the meter.

Boiler accessories:

1. Circulation pump with bypass, runs all the time at minimum speed.
2. The system was made closed, so an expansion tank is needed.
3. Automatic two-way valve to protect the system from overheating.
4. Air removal valve, in a closed system with a pump, can be installed at any point.

Didn't dare the main problem- exclude attenuation of the gas wick. We solved the problem with the help of a thermocouple, more sensitive than the thermocouple of the boiler automation, and a battery-powered electric lighter.

TTC and column

An additional solid fuel boiler (TTK) was connected via parallel circuit. The outlet to the TTK was taken at the entry point of the return to the gas boiler after the pump. Overclocking connected together in top point. The transition of the system from boiler to boiler, i.e. switching the boilers into operation, occurs automatically upon reaching a higher boiler temperature.

Due to the fact that it was not possible to achieve the same hydraulic resistance from the pump to different boilers, an additional pump had to be installed on the TTK. Switching on and off occurs automatically according to the temperature in the furnace, or forcibly manually. If you forgot to add coal or firewood in time, it’s not scary; when the temperature of the coolant drops, the gas boiler will start working by itself.

Hot water is heated by a separate boiler, which is convenient in summer when the fuel boiler is prevented, greater autonomy is achieved.

HOW TO CHOOSE A BOILER

The summer season often depends on the current weather. In cold years, when even after the snow melts, the weather stays cool or with early cooling in autumn, summer residents have to think about moving to stuffy city apartments earlier than usual.

In order to extend it and make it more comfortable to be in the summer cottage, heating systems are installed in the houses, which are also used directly for heating water for the shower. Electric boilers for summer cottages are especially popular in places where there are no gas pipelines and the possibility of harvesting and storing solid or liquid fuels.

Features of country houses

Houses in dachas are rarely made capital, while little attention is paid to the insulation of walls and windows. Indeed, with rare exceptions, they are visited 2-3 days a week in summer, and even less often in winter. Of course, there are people who prefer most time to spend there, but this is rather an exception.

This mode of use imposes serious restrictions on the choice of a heating system for a summer residence. Water heating, although more efficient, has a serious drawback. In the off-season, it is possible to defrost pipes, which will immediately deprive the owner of both heat and a decent amount for repairs.

Rice. one

Gas and diesel systems are capable of maintaining a constant temperature, but rather big volumes of fuel will be consumed for their operation, and control over their functioning is required. Otherwise, for example, even a power outage for a short period of time can lead to failures in the automation, and this is fraught not only with the boiler turning off, but also with a fire.

Electric boilers have necessary set advantages that make their purchase the preferred option of all presented:

• Low cost of equipment.
• simple circuit connections, you can do everything yourself.
• Completely autonomous work.
• Ability to work in any climatic conditions.
• It takes up little space, does not require the output of the pipe to the outside.

At the same time, it should be added that you can pay for the use of electricity "later", no advance payments, this must be done only when purchasing liquid or solid fuel. Therefore, cottages, regardless of the desire of the owner, are pushing to make a choice in favor of electrical appliances.

The owners of village houses, used only during the gardening period and, possibly, in the off-season for the holidays, go the same way. To prepare the same firewood, when moving to such a house, you will have to worry about buying it, storing it, etc. in advance. And the electric boiler is enough to connect to the supply network.

Why is electric heating better?

With regard to the advisability of using electric boilers for home heating, heated discussions often arise. There are fans of different opinions, they especially like to focus on the high cost of electricity. But if we put aside for a while the question of the cost of space heating different ways, it will immediately become clear why the use electric heaters more profitable.

• Electricity is available in almost all holiday villages, unlike gas.
• Gas equipment is more difficult to install, here you can not do without specialists.
• Firewood, coal requires their preliminary preparation.
• Any fuel supply, except for main gas, tends to run out at the most inopportune moment, and Electric Energy"endless".

Of course, diesel vehicles are the best autonomy, but they also need a supply of fuel, and electricity is supplied in an almost unlimited volume, if only the owner of the cottage pays on time for its use.

Rice. 2

All options, except for electric boilers, use the combustion of one or another fuel, and this immediately creates a fire hazard, carbon monoxide entering the premises. Such methods of space heating require constant monitoring by the owner, which is not always possible, and if the boiler is turned off for the period of departure, the room will not be easy to maintain in a comfortable condition.

If we return to the question of price, then the main thing in the calculation will be the cost of the boiler itself. Gas and diesel models are several times more expensive than electric ones. So the price of "consumables" plays only a secondary role, with a high cost of the boiler, it will be possible to save only after a few years of its operation.

For some people, it may also be important that electrical equipment is environmentally friendly, there is no waste from it, it does not need to be disposed of, etc. Their work is not accompanied by any noise, as is the case with wood stoves.

If desired, heating with electricity can be combined with other methods, which gives a certain freedom of choice, and in case of emergency situations with power supply, it will make it possible to do without lowering the temperature in the house, to maintain its comfort and coziness.

What is the most important thing in choosing?

It will be easier to choose an electric heating boiler for a summer residence if you approach the task not only from the standpoint of cost savings or ease of installation. Important in all his future work and design features. For example, a type of heaters.

There are several important points, because of which the owners of cottages and stop their choice on strictly defined models. So, the first parameter that interests all buyers is a three-phase boiler or a single-phase one. In all holiday villages there is a connection to the power supply network, but not everywhere there is a line with three phases. Usually, in the case of a boiler power of more than 12 kW, a three-phase power supply is usually used.

The type of execution of the case also depends on the power. Consumption above 60 kW affects the size and weight, so that such models are available in the floor version. Noticeably lighter "low-power" modifications are more often found in cases for their wall placement. This gives more space savings and allows you to hang the boilers above plumbing fixtures or other interior elements, where they will not interfere later.

Those who like to be in the country for a long time will need double-circuit electric devices, in addition to their direct benefit - heating the room, you can also get hot water for washing. Single-circuit models are intended only for building heating.

Rice. 3

And one moment. In addition to the expected amenities, choosing the best option, it is worth considering the further costs of operating the boiler. According to the method of heating, they differ in heating elements.

• TEN. It is considered an obsolete method of heating, because. the efficiency of such heating is lower than that of both previous options. In addition, they are not so safe, because in the absence of a coolant, they fail due to overheating, and for other types of heaters this is not critical.
• Electrodes. Heating is provided by direct heating coolant. If its level drops sharply in the heating system, no accident will occur, which is typical for heating elements (they will overheat and fail). The efficiency of such models is noticeably higher, which ultimately affects the efficiency of the boiler.
• Film. The most economical type of heaters. It has been used recently, but it has already earned considerable popularity, because the dimensions of the body of models with a film heating element are very modest.

When choosing power, it is worth considering such points that if models with low consumption (up to 3.5 W) can be connected to a regular outlet, increasing consumption to 7-12 W will already require a separate line from the meter.

There are models of boilers that combine two varieties at once, for example, electric wood or electric solid fuel modifications. They take up little space compared to installing two at the same time. different models and allow, without switching the system from one boiler to another, to quickly replace one type of heating with an alternative one.

It is worth paying attention to the year of development of the boiler, because. newer models tend to be more economical, the best protection from overheating. Even their slightly higher cost should not scare away, because future expenses are also important.

Safe operation of the electric boiler

Organization of heating country house using an electric boiler so allows you to count on relative safety. No combustible substances, either liquid or solid, are used in the combustion process. But the risk emergency it still exists and should be eliminated if possible.

So, you need to start with high-quality electrical wiring, both inside the house and outside. To do this, it is necessary to provide for good insulation of all connections, while making them not with improvised means such as “twisting”, but using special fasteners. The power of the heating system is high, so poor contact will quickly lead to an increase in temperature at the joints, and eventually to melting of the insulation and fire.

The wire is placed in protective corrugations, especially if the building is built of wood. According to safety standards, this is a prerequisite, the corrugations are usually made of non-combustible material, which, moreover, tends to compress when heated, which will block the access of oxygen to the place of ignition electric wire.

At the installation site of the boiler, it should be ensured that the parts heated during its operation do not come into contact with wooden and other interior elements prone to fire or melting. Here you can use heat-insulating sheets, for example, from asbestos.

The incoming node is also important - the electric meter, it must allow the planned load, otherwise it will have to be changed to an updated model. It is worth checking the input from the pole so that there are no leaky sections on the cable, the connections are in good condition, without oxides.

Rice. 4 Antifreeze is sold in regular
stores

If there is a fear that water heating defrost, it can be filled not with water, but with a special antifreeze. As such a means, aqueous solutions of salts, acids, petroleum oils and organic compounds(glycerin, glycol).

For example, the following "recipes" are widely known:

• 30% water solution sodium chloride, the freezing point will be -21ºC.
• 62% acetic acid solution, freezes below -24ºС.
• 30% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, withstands up to -41ºС.
• 60-70% aqueous solution of glycerin, works at temperatures down to -30-40ºС.
• 45-55% aqueous solution ethyl alcohol, freezes below -35-40ºС.
• Mineral oils, depending on the brand, keep the system from -15 to - 70ºС.

It is worth noting that not every solution can be used freely on any model of an electric boiler. Often, manufacturers provide for the removal of the warranty in case of detection of such facts. The point is the features of certain compositions to reduce the freezing point of water.

For example, when overheated, they can release sediment that clogs the heating system, which ultimately leads to clogging of pipes and failure of the boiler. The features don't end there. Antifreezes are usually much more fluid than water, and because of this, leaks occur more often at pipe attachment points.

Manufacturers of electric heating boilers

On sale at Russian market there are electric boilers, both domestic and foreign production. Many of them have similar characteristics, and the choice is based more on cost and design.

So, among the many models, the following options can be noted:

• RUSNIT. Russian trade mark. The Ryazan plant produces automatic electric boilers for heating residential and industrial premises.
• EVAN. Russian manufacturer. Engaged in the production of various equipment for heating, water heating, including electric boilers.
• GEYSER. A Russian company from Kostroma produces electrode electric boilers for heating private houses.
• DAKON. Czech developer of electric heating boilers.
• KOSPEL. Polish manufacturer electrical equipment for heating.

Rice. 5

The enumeration can be continued, but all these models, as a rule, have typical characteristics, such as supply voltage, power, etc. To stand out from the competition, you have to equip your products with additional features. For example, a water pump is built into the boiler, temperature sensors are installed, or it is adapted to work with antifreeze.

Some advantages from domestic or foreign manufacturers there are no electric boilers, in addition, it is Russian companies that often have good ideas for improving the design of boilers, and they take into account the climate in our country as much as possible.

Country houses and apartments, country mansions and mini-hotels - any dwelling requires heating. Outdated methods are uneconomical and inconvenient - heat, and with it the money of the owner of the premises, “flies into the pipe”. What to do?
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Gas heaters

Gas floor boilers are a practical choice for heating a private house or heating an apartment in a modern house. Natural gas is a fuel that reduces heating costs. The gas boiler has the following advantages:

• profitability;
• affordable price;
• ease of handling.

Thanks to these advantages, gas equipment is popular among owners of private houses.

Electric boilers

In the country, it is not always possible to use natural gas, so choosing an electric boiler is a reasonable decision. Electric boilers are not as economical, but they are not inferior to gas boilers in practicality.

• High heat dissipation.
• Convenient management.
• Heating up to 360 sq. m. of premises.

Electrical heating equipment is an option for those who do not have access to gas mains.

Solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers have been and are widely used in country houses. This is due to the greater availability of solid types of fuel - depending on the brand for such equipment, the following are suitable:

• coal or coke;
• fuel briquettes;
• wood logs.

Boilers on solid fuel suitable if you do not have access to natural gas, but it is possible to ensure the supply of firewood or coal during the heating season.

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Year-round stay in the country necessitates the creation of an efficient heating system. At the same time, it is important to make the right choice of a country heating boiler. This is due to the fact that, as a rule, suburban housing construction is being built according to an atypical project and requires an individual approach when organizing its heating.

Criteria for the selection of heating system components

Equipment selection procedure

Creation engineering systems means, first of all, the development of the project. The heating device in the country is no exception. In this case, it is also necessary to calculate the main parameters, select the boiler, pump and its other elements.

There are several options for organizing heat supply at home. The most popular among them is water system heating. This is due to the fact that, with relative simplicity, it fully complies with modern requirements.

Heat supply system

Designing a heating system for a private house includes the following steps:

1. The loss of thermal energy of the building is determined. In this case, the climatic conditions of the area where the house is located should be taken into account.
2. The most appropriate piping layout is adopted.
3. The parameters of each element of the system are calculated. The results of the calculations will become the basis for choosing the type and number of radiators, the boiler power, and the length of the pipeline.
4. A choice is made from the elements of the system presented on the market in accordance with the calculated data. At the same time, it is important to understand that performance characteristics, as a rule, differ from the calculated values.

The fulfillment of all the indicated design stages and compliance with the requirements for the installation of a heating structure is the key to its quality and efficiency.

Choosing a heating boiler

Boiler room

The heat carrier is heated by the process of converting one type of energy into another in a device called a boiler. This unit is central element heating systems. The parameters of the boiler equipment determine the efficiency of its work.

In this case, it is necessary to determine which energy carrier will be the most optimal in each specific case. The main factors determining the choice are the possibility of organizing uninterrupted delivery of the energy carrier and its cost. Depending on the type of fuel, the following boiler options are possible:

• Gas. Such heating equipment is most widely used. Gas supply can be carried out centrally through the main line or using cylinders.
• Solid and liquid fuel. The devices must be operated under certain conditions and require the arrangement of a place where the fuel will be stored. Their use is advisable if it is possible to purchase an energy carrier with an affordable cost.
• Electric. The equipment is compact and highly efficient. At the same time, the cost of electricity can limit the use of such boilers.
• Combined. The design of the boiler allows the use of several types of fuel, one of which is a reserve.

All of them have certain features, but a number of basic characteristics are common to all.

Boiler selection by power

The equipment differs in power

The power of boiler equipment is a defining characteristic that affects the functioning of the entire heating system at home. It shows the quantitative expression of the energy generated by the unit per unit of time. The required boiler power depends on the set temperature regime in heated rooms, heat loss by the house, as well as its size.

When choosing this indicator of heating equipment, they use one of the methods and calculate:

• according to the size of the building. The calculation is valid for the case when there is good thermal insulation;
• based on complex calculations of house heat losses. In addition to the boiler power parameters, the degree of system load is calculated.
• The estimated figure, in accordance with the recommendations, should be increased by 15-20%. The presence of a reserve provides for the prospect of increasing the heating system or installing more efficient heating devices.

Boiler equipment installation method

The choice of a boiler for heating a house is influenced, in addition to technical parameters, by its operating conditions. In this case, the method of installation of the equipment plays an important role.

The heating device can be mounted on the wall or on the floor. Most modern gas boilers are wall-mounted. Often, floor-mounted equipment includes a number of additional devices. This requires the availability of space or the allocation of a special room for the installation of a complex of heating equipment. In any case, it is necessary to ensure reliable ventilation in the room and create conditions for safe operation boiler.

Types of heating boilers

gas boilers

The use of gas boiler equipment for home heating is the best option if there is a gas main near the house. If necessary, energy supply can be arranged by delivering bottled gas. This solution is quite expensive, but it can be used as a backup.

The ease of operation of gas boilers and the relatively affordable cost of fuel makes these devices popular among consumers. In addition, the high efficiency and power of the equipment make it possible to organize heating for houses with a large area.

A gas boiler

The installation of the boiler must be authorized by the relevant organization, which includes the development of the project. The place of its placement should have good ventilation, and the pressure in the gas supply system should be stable. Installation of such equipment in houses with a small area is impractical.

Electric boilers

The use of electricity as a source of energy makes heating device the most environmentally friendly. During operation, it does not form combustion products, soot and soot. Electric boilers have compact dimensions and are easy and safe to use. The possibility of getting burns in this case is excluded. To heat the coolant, electrodes or heating elements are used. These heating elements are high reliability and long term operation, they are also characterized by noiselessness during operation of the device.

The main disadvantage of electrical equipment is a significant need for electricity, which significantly increases the cost of heating. At the same time, the power of electrical equipment is not sufficient to heat a house with a large area.

Attention! To connect the electric boiler, it is necessary to create individual wiring.

Oil boilers

Oil boiler

In terms of popularity, heating boilers operating on liquid fuels are second only to gas appliances. Such units do not depend on the availability of highways supplying energy carriers. The equipment is environmentally friendly and has a high efficiency. Diversity model range boilers makes it possible to choose a device with the appropriate power, depending on the heated area.

The disadvantages of liquid fuel boilers include the cost of fuel and the need to organize its storage. Installation of equipment requires the allocation of a separate, well-ventilated room. Boilers of this type require some maintenance during operation.

Solid fuel boilers

Heating using boilers, the coolant of which is solid fuel, is advisable to use for heating houses with a small area. The designs of modern solid fuel boilers are equipped with an easy-to-use furnace made of heat-resistant materials. An important advantage of steel boilers is the ease of repair of the device in the event of a breakdown. The assembly of cast-iron boilers takes place in the factory and, as a rule, does not involve dismantling them.

Solid fuel boiler

Almost any solid fuel can be used as an energy carrier for solid fuel boilers. The operation of this equipment is accompanied by the release of flue gases, soot, and the formation of ash. All of them must be removed from the working space of the boiler. The main disadvantage of such devices is the need to control the combustion process.

Universal boilers

To increase the energy independence and autonomy of the heating system, the designs of combined boilers operating on different types energy carriers. There is equipment that makes it possible to work on all types of fuel. The installation of such boilers allows you to quickly switch to alternative view fuel in the event of a shortage of another energy carrier or equipment breakdown. At the same time, the temperature in the premises of the house will remain at a comfortable level.

Heating system of a private house

For the conditions of a country house, water heating is the most suitable. In principle, this heating system consists of a boiler of the required power, pipelines and batteries. Water circulates in the system, which at the end of the season can not be removed. The coolant can move through the system in a natural way or forcibly.

forced circulation

A pump is introduced into the design of the heating system, which is necessary for supplying water to the boiler and, after heating, its further movement through the system. The operation of modern equipment is fully automated, so human participation in its work is minimized. The use of this system allows you to create efficient heating of multi-storey buildings.

Coolant circulation system

natural circulation

The movement of the coolant when using this system occurs due to the movement of liquid layers having different densities in the cold and heated state. The implementation of the movement of water in this way becomes possible if there is some slope of the pipeline. Reach quality heating thus possible in case the building has one floor.

Single pipe system

In principle, the single-pipe piping scheme is very simple. Water is supplied through one system, which is a closed circuit. It is a heating boiler connected to heating appliances. Moreover, the strapping occurs through one circuit having one riser. The latter connects all elements of the system in series. A pump can be used to create pressure to move the coolant. The execution of a single-pipe system can be vertical and horizontal.

Two-pipe system

Two-pipe scheme

This heating system is characterized by the fact that the coolant moves along the riser and is supplied individually to each heater. After passing through the battery, the coolant gives off thermal energy to the room and, in a cooled form, enters the pipeline, through which it returns to the heating device again. That is, there are two pipes, one of which serves to supply the coolant, and the other to move it back to the boiler.

A country house must have heating, even if it is seasonal housing. Depending on whether the house will be residential in winter or not, the type of heating and its arrangement scheme are selected. It can be capital heating of a country house with all safety devices and an automation system, or it can be simple heating. desired rooms electrical appliances - in any case, it is necessary to heat the premises at least in a minimum volume so that the structure does not begin to collapse prematurely from constant exposure to moisture and dampness.

Types of heating systems and units

What kind of heating for a country house to choose, which energy carriers will work in the circuit, how to install and use heating, depends on an extensive list of factors. This and existing engineering Communication(supplying gas, electricity, water), and the layout of the premises in the house, and Construction Materials, of which the house was built, and the number of residents, and the frequency of visits to the house in winter time. Even the type of foundation affects efficient heating cottages in winter.

There are several options for heating systems that are offered to the consumer, depending on the energy sources that can be used in the house:

1. Heating on gas;
2. Heating with electrical appliances with or without hot water heating;
3. Conventional wood (coal) stove, fireplace;
4. Liquid fuel or solid fuel heating units in the country in winter;
5. Universal heating boilers.

Gas heating of a country house

Gas heating boilers are the most economical and efficient appliances for housing heating, but greater savings are observed with a constant and year-round living in the country. Combustion of gas and its transformation into thermal energy occurs in gas boiler, which, with the help of a pump, supplies the heated coolant to heating radiators throughout the house. To work without constant human control, gas equipment is equipped with a control and automation system, so you can safely leave the house unattended for a while if you heat it with gas.

The disadvantage, or rather inconvenience, is that tie-ins to the central gas main require a large number of permits to be issued, gas meter, and for all this you will have to contact the appropriate specialists, which also requires certain costs.

Gas can be not only mainline, but also bottled, which greatly facilitates the connection, but complicates the operation of the equipment: you will have to constantly monitor the fuel level and change cylinders. But at a great distance from the gas central, this is a good way out.

A cylinder, or a group of cylinders, is connected to the boiler through a reducer. This use of gas is more economical, and when it becomes possible to connect to the central gas pipeline, this is very easy to do with minimal re-equipment of the system. But even for such a scheme for connecting gas to a heated cottage, you will need permission from the gas service, connecting a meter and the participation of gas specialists. Independent connection of any gas source will result in heavy fines for you.

Electric heating - boilers and heaters

How to warm up country house? There is always electricity in any home, and this is not the cheapest, but the most affordable way equip the heating system. Any electrical devices have small dimensions, modern electrical equipment will ideally fit into the interior of the cottage, and the installation, care and maintenance of such systems always takes a minimum of time and does not require special skills.

To economically heat the cottage, you can install an electric boiler with water heating, or simply use piece electric heaters for each room, which will undoubtedly come out more expensive than a single system. Water electric heating works in the same way as gas - the coolant heated in the boiler with the help of circulation pump moves through the radiator system. The principle of operation of electric heaters, fan heaters, infrared radiators, convectors and oil heaters does not need to be described - everyone knows perfectly well how it works.

Effective and the best way heating the cottage with electric heaters will not work - for this you need to heat all the rooms at once, which will lead to a large consumption of electricity. It will be more economical to connect an electric boiler and water heating. These can be ordinary water radiators or a “warm floor” system, as with gas equipment. The use of piece electrical appliances will be all the more ineffective if the basement and / or attic is equipped in the country house.

The advantage of good electric boilers is silent operation without the emission of smoke, combustion products and odors, as well as simple installation of equipment that does not require permission from state authorities, plus absolute environmental friendliness of work, automatic system control and management in the winter season and a high level of any security - fire, sanitary, electrical, chemical, etc.

Among the shortcomings can be noted the high energy consumption of any electrical appliances. The average power of an electric boiler is 3.5-7 kW, an electric heater is 1-2.2 kW, and for these devices it will be necessary to equip a separate electrical panel, connect RAM and other devices for automatic operation in case of accidents and overloads, and also, possibly, supply three , and not a single-phase electrical network.

Alternative heating technologies on electricity

In addition to gas or electric heating equipment, how to heat the cottage in other ways and devices? There are enough alternative options, in some cases more profitable, sometimes easier to install and operate, but most often they are used if it is better to heat the cottage in the cold season, but only when residents come to it, that is, periodically.

Electric infrared emitters are the most profitable electrical equipment when choosing how to heat a summer house in winter. Infrared radiation does not heat the air in the house, but objects, which then gradually release heat into the room. The walls of rooms also fall into the number of such objects, and this is very big square, so with this large coefficient heat transfer, the consumption of electricity will be minimal, and the heating effect will be maximum. Usually such heaters are installed as high as possible, and often on the ceiling.

Electric fireplaces are characterized by a high consumption of electricity, and serve more as an element of interior design, and not for heating. Although, if you do not save on electricity, then such a device will heat the room very quickly.

Convectors are high efficiency, low price, lightweight and convenient design, which can be stationary or mobile, which allows you to place the device anywhere in the room. Special Mounting not needed - the convector can stand on its own legs, on wheels, or (in a stationary version) be hung on brackets on the wall.

Oil electric radiators consume electricity more than others, as they have a high heating inertia. But they also cool down very slowly, without consuming electricity. Such devices are also available in stationary or mobile versions.

Thermal electric ventilation devices are what you can use to heat a summer house in winter as an alternative choice of heating method. The devices are quite cheap, the rooms warm up much faster than the rest of the equipment, since warm air is supplied into the room from the spiral with the help of a fan. Among the shortcomings, one can note the noise of work and the drying of the air, which is undesirable when children are indoors.

Furnace heating of the cottage

And how to heat the cottage, if neither electricity nor gas has been supplied yet? The way out is an ordinary wood-burning stove in its classic version. brick building heats up for a long time, but also keeps heat for a long time, and the use of coal makes such a stove indispensable assistant in cottage heating. There are energy savings, high inertia of the stove, and with proper equipment of the stove - the ability to cook food, heat water for domestic needs, and you can even make water radiator heating without a pump - according to the principle of natural circulation of hot water. The only drawback of stoves is a high fire hazard, especially in wooden houses. In addition, a separate room or building must be allocated for firewood or coal, and to maintain the fire, it is necessary to have a constant supply of fuel in front of the stove itself, that is, an additionally allocated and fenced small place.

Except brick oven, you can build an ordinary potbelly stove or a fireplace:

Fireplace - equipment that can not only be built independently, but also bought already ready product from metal and with additional options. Homemade fireplaces suggest a wider opportunity for experimentation with both area and form and content. In addition, even a factory-made fireplace can be improved at least outwardly - for example, overlay it with decorative facing bricks.

Potbelly stoves are not only a home-made stove made of an iron barrel or welded steel sheets that is familiar to everyone. Modern factory potbelly stoves are quite suitable for installation in the most public premises, they are made different forms, and can be filled with very different functionality, for example, the same cooking or heating water for domestic needs, which does not interfere in the country. Therefore, how to heat the cottage in winter is decided by the choice among the huge variety of proposed solutions. For example, if I heat the dacha with firewood, then I have a choice of an ordinary stove, a Russian stove, a fireplace, a potbelly stove, and a solid fuel boiler.

Oil boilers

A boiler for diesel fuel, mining, fuel oil or kerosene does not work as an independent unit - it, like other boilers, must be connected to a liquid heating system with heatsinks, batteries or registers located in all living rooms dachas. The disadvantage of such heating is the need for a separate room or building for the boiler room, as well as a place to store liquid energy. The room must be ventilated and equipped according to fire safety rules.

ZhT boilers can be equipped with one or two circuits. One circuit is only heating the cottage without the possibility of organizing hot water supply, the second circuit is used to heat water for domestic needs. A double-circuit boiler can be with a built-in boiler (to save fuel at low temperatures), or with flow heater, including electric. By design ZhT boilers can be floor or wall mounted.

Underfloor heating equipment is enough big sizes therefore it is recommended to mount them in a separate room. In addition, any liquid-fuel equipment makes characteristic loud sounds. Wall mounted boilers can be installed in the kitchen, and additional functionality is used to suppress noise, they are smaller, but such a boiler will not be able to heat a large cottage.

Solid fuel heating devices

Heating equipment that runs on solid fuels (firewood, briquettes, coal, pallets, shavings, sawdust, straw, peat, etc.) is becoming increasingly popular due to the rise in price of other energy sources and the rather cheap price of solid fuels of natural origin. Such boilers also work only in tandem with a water system for delivering coolant to heated rooms.

Advantages of TDK - reliable performance, easy maintenance, possibility self-assembly equipment, inexpensive price, the possibility of using different solid fuels, the main types of which were listed above, the autonomy of operation and control security systems, the long burning time of one batch of fuel - from 18 hours to two days.

The negative aspects in the operation of solid fuel boilers are low efficiency, requirements for a constant supply, the need for fuel in a separate room or building for its storage, constant cleaning of the chimney and combustion chamber from soot.