What does heterogeneous parallel subordination of subordinate clauses mean. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses: subtleties, scheme, options

In this chapter:

§one. Types of subordination in NGN with several subordinate clauses

There can be more than one subordinate clause in NGN. In this case, it is important to understand how all parts of a complex sentence are interconnected, what is subordinate to what. Three types are possible:

1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.

Sequential submission

With consistent subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first clause is subject to the main clause, the second clause is subordinate to the first clause, and so on. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.

I'm afraid that Anna will be late for the exam, which should start early in the morning.

Scheme: [ ... ], (conjunction what...), (connection word which…).

At successive subordination a subordinate clause related to the main one is called a first-degree clause, and the next clause is a second-degree clause, and so on.

Parallel subordination

If one main clause includes subordinate clauses different types, then a parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main one. It is important that these clauses are of different types and they answer different questions.

When the teacher came in, the children stood up to greet her.

Scheme: (union word when...), [ ... ], (conjunction to …).

Homogeneous submission

If a subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main clause or to the main clause as a whole, then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, the subordinate clauses answer the same question.

I suddenly felt how the tension subsided and how easy it became in my soul.

Scheme: [ ... ], (conjunction as...) and (conjunction as …).

Subordinate explanatory sentences are similar to homogeneous members of the sentence, they are interconnected by the union and. Both subordinate clauses refer to the member of the sentence in the main clause. There is no comma between them.

It is important that with homogeneous subordination, unions or allied words can be omitted, which is typical for sentences with several subordinate clauses.

test of strength

Find out how you understood the contents of this chapter.

Final test

1. Is it true that there can be more than one subordinate clause in NGN?

2. What is the name of subordination when the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second - to the first, etc.?

   • sequential submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

3. What is the name of subordination when different types of clauses belong to the same main clause?

   • sequential submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

4. What is the name of subordination when the subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main clause or to the main one as a whole?

   • sequential submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

5. When the performance ended, the children clapped to make the artists feel their gratitude.?

   • sequential submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

6. What is subordination in a sentence: I think that in the next episode, the hero will save the girl he is in love with.?

   • sequential submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

7. What is subordination in a sentence: I heard the door slam and the people in the hallway talking.?

   • sequential submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

8. What is subordination in a sentence: I think that my brother will be happy with my gift and that I made a very good choice.?

   • sequential submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

Grechishnikova Marina Anatolievna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" p.g.t. Urengoy

Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses. Types of submission.

Preparation for GIA. Task B8.

Target - systematize students' knowledge on the topic, improve their skills in working with tests and texts in preparation for the GIA

Lesson objectives:

Educational

• improve the ability to distinguish between types of subordination in a complex sentence;
• to acquaint with the work of Yuri Afanasiev.

Educational

• develop syntactic skills;
• develop writing skills;
• develop skills in working with tests (tasks A1 - B9).

Educational

• cultivate love for native land respect for the culture of the peoples of the North inhabiting Yamal;
• to educate a thinking reader on the works of Yamal writers.

Lesson equipment:

• a computer;
• interactive board;
• textbook;
• notebooks;
• handouts (tests, texts).

During the classes

1. Language warm-up

1. Read the text - an excerpt from Yuri Afanasyev's story "Two Spruces" (print the texts for each student or project them onto the board).

1. Because of the storm, the tugboat settled in the backwater. 2. Time was in a hurry. 3. For almost a week, Eduk and Oksana traveled by channels to the village on the Kaldanka. 4. Almost a week is the time. 5. And in life for Eduk there was one moment. 6. During these days, he learned about the world as much as the most ancient old man could not have known. 7. The world, it turns out, is very big, restless. 8. Like animals in the taiga, all sorts of people inhabit it. 9. Everyone has a lot of worries. 10. But the most incredible thing was for Eduk to hear that there are lands where people all year round go almost without clothes. 11. Just think, imagine yourself in the Arctic without clothes, even if not in winter, even in summer (?!). 12. However, he could not distrust Oksana either. 13. Their relationship was so close, her eyes understood him so deeply that he was afraid of his bad thoughts. 14. “What? Eduk thought. “Why not intermarry, be your own person in a warm, satisfying village?”

15. And then the village suddenly appeared because of the melted cape. 16. Scattered along the ridge, the houses on the slope huddled like chickens. 17. Among them, a church towered like a capercaillie, reddishly shining with larch logs.18. And further behind the village, spiky firs stuck out like a scallop. 19. I was dizzy with a subtle smell warm bread. 20. This smell Educ could distinguish from a great distance. 21. You can’t confuse him with anything ...

1. Find dialect words in the text, replace them with stylistically neutral synonyms.

Kaldanka (in project 3) – boat

Uval (in project 16) - hill, slope

1. Find comparisons in paragraph 2. Write down the numbers of sentences with comparisons.

16 - like chickens

17 - capercaillie (a form of instrumental case)

18 - scalloped (a form of instrumental case)

1. Write the sentence number with an introductory word.

1. You write grammar basics from sentences 7, 12, 20

7 - the world is big, restless

12 - he could not help but believe

20 - Educ could distinguish

1. Determine the type of subordination in the phrase "animals in the taiga" (sentence 8). Replace this phrase with a synonym for subordination agreement.

Communication - management; taiga animals

1. Determine the type of subordination in the phrase "restless world" (sentence 7). Replace this phrase with a synonymous subordinating relationship management.

Coordination; peace without peace

1. Write down the numbers of complex sentences.

6, 10, 13

1. Knowledge update

Write out sentence 10 from the text.

But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people walk almost without clothes all year round.

Build an outline of this sentence: [ === ], (what === ____), (where ____ ===).

Determine the type of subordination (sequential).

What types of subordination in a complex sentence do you know? (Memo, Appendix 1).

Give examples.

1. Anchoring

1. Determine the type of submission. Fill in the table (Appendix 2). Orally comment on the answer. Print tables with sample sentences for each student. Graduates fill out only 2 columns.

1. Perform text compression. From sentences 6-8 (an excerpt from the story "Two Spruces"), make 1 complex subordinate with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

What is this type of text compression called? (Simplification - merging several sentences into one).

1. Among the sentences given below, find the NGN with sequential subordination of clauses:

1. Not understanding the road, he fled to the forest-tundra, ran towards the Urals. 2. Run to the point of exhaustion. 3. He was afraid to stop. 4. He felt that if he stopped, he would be torn apart from the inside. 5. The heart will not stand. 6. And he ran, ran on the impassability, splashing bitterness and resentment out of himself.

Answer: 4

1. Using the text of the story, there were Yu. Afanasyev “Two Spruces”, continue the sentences so that you get a SPP with different types subordination:

Sequential: I can’t say how old these fir trees are ... .. (which grow on the banks of the Ob).

Homogeneous : We were brought together by loneliness or the expectation of the morning when the village wakes up with a fishing sweat, the mooing of cows, a breath of fresh wind, .... (when the oystercatcher snipe announces the beginning of the day with a wooden shamanic trill.

Parallel (non-uniform): When the headman smiles, it seems .... (that he is ready to swallow you like a small fish).

1. Testing. Part B8. Presentation (it is better to conduct a lesson with a mobile computer class so that each graduate can independently work with the tests. If this is not possible, assignments can be printed for each student).

1. Among sentences 1-6 find complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Many went not to explore the North and live in Yamal, but to earn money. (2) Didn’t it come from here: I worked for 15 years, gave “all my strength” to the wild North - return me to my place, give me everything. (3) And they gave, and kissed goodbye, and the "silent" were more and more thrown into the darkness, as if they had been sentenced in advance: they could not grow cadres from local people. (4) In the second and third generations, the children of the dispossessed were not given passports.

(5) “Yamal received the third blow with the beginning of oil and gas development. (6) Now the organizers themselves do not know why the cities were built, what to do with the population.”

2. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) subordination. Write the number of this offer.

(1) With the closure of navigation, it is practically forbidden to set nets on the Ob. (2) But every year the nets are set up, and it is impossible for a fish inspector with a pick to remove all of them. (3) How many holes do you need to cut?! (4) In order to streamline recreational fishing, it is appropriate in some cases to apply licensed fishing, based on the experience of Guryev residents. (5) This experience is justified with an insignificant by-catch of valuable fish species, which does not adversely affect the reproduction of fish stocks, and in autumn on smooth sands, when the latter leave the fishermen, migrating to their winter quarters.

(6) It must be taken into account that northern fishing in autumn, in the wind, in icy water is not an easy pleasure.

3. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Profitability of licensed fishing is not only in the collection of funds, part of which should go to the development of fishing, the main thing is in the education of the person himself. (2) If you want to fish, work on cleaning livestock, plant a few bushes to strengthen the banks of spawning rivers, and do your part to save juveniles. (3) Anyone who took a fish but did not give it back, who violated the rules of fishing, may be expelled from society or temporarily suspended from fishing. (4) It seems that amateur fishermen at their place of residence will more jealously monitor their site, and will also help in the fight against malicious poaching. (5) The opening of cases of the latter is still insignificant.

4. Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Poachers. (2) Who are they? (3) Of course, people. (4) But these are people who consciously go to harm nature. (5) And what about the rest, who love their Ob, who, for one reason or another, fall into violators? (6) Doesn't the word poacher offend his ears? (7) So far, such a difference is not visible, and only because not all of them are used in the organization of recreational fishing.

5. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) B last days outgoing leap year stocky log house in the village, from the weight of the snow on the roofs, they pressed even more tightly to the ground. (2) The old office building, unable to withstand such a load, leaned against the neighboring fence, but proudly and cockily a flag flutters on a spruce pole, all covered with clay and it is not known when and by whom it was hoisted there. (3) The flag glorified the still indestructible and mighty Union, when for the second year in the yard there was a completely different political weather. (4) But the people of Yamalsk have not changed morally and in their actions. (5) A peeling slogan still hung on the pediment of the office, which called on fishermen and fisherwomen to work hard and give one more percentage in excess of the plan, because the fate of the Motherland depends on this percentage.

6. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) “Now there will be a “zhik”!” Styopka explained to his mentor, who, with migraine pain, perceived the children's noise and was impatiently waiting for her watch to end. (2) Where she came from, Styopka did not know. (3) But how could he be interested that some go to the Far North to build, others to work out the northern experience for retirement, for a coefficient. (4) But the teacher of the boarding school in the village was noticed by her unsociableness, did not trust the cleanliness of the yagushki and malitsa, was wary of visiting the families of the tundra dwellers. (5) It is not easy to collect reindeer herders and fishermen in a boarding school on Parent meeting, but coming to your house - chum - is revered. (6) And if the teacher began to speak, moreover, in their mother tongue, then he became no less than a ruma - a friend who, on occasion, should be given a present.

7. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The blizzard howled louder and angrier, but the voices in the plague, lit from the outside by several electric bulbs, could be heard far away. (2) Before Chuprov had time to throw back the canopy, a man in a mask splashed a full ladle of ice-cold water down his collar. (3) “Well, jokes,” Styopka gasped. (4) The host liked the joke, and this trick added noise and fun to all the guests.

(5) How did he not foresee all the consequences? (6) After all, he should have known that he was invited and taken as a hostage to One-Eyed, that if necessary and to please the owner, the purveyor was taken to the village.

8. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) He had known a brood of wolves since last year, and now four one-year-old puppies were also practicing in a snowstorm. (2) As they cut all the weakened deer with a knife, their corpses turned black in the snow. (3) In some places, the wolverine tried: jumping from tree to tree, she gnawed her throat, drank blood, and left the animal like that ...

(4) Khunzi no longer thought about Zyryanov's promises - with one hundred percent safety of the deer, transfer thirty percent to him. (5) This whole market is not for him. (6) The only thing he thought about now was that no one could take away the snow, the sky, the air, the tundra where he walks.

9. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Hunzi went to the wolf unarmed, only with this stick-shovel. (2) He had neither fear nor malice against the wolf. (3) What he dreamed is gone. (4) Hunzi, peering at the trail, saw that he was trying to jump over the ravine, but he was careful of a large snow drift, that he sat, turned around and again moved straight.

(5) Finally Khunzi saw a wolf on the opposite bank of the Yugan River. (6) The floodplain was snow-covered two or three meters deep - you won’t run across so easily ...

10. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The deer carries the shepherd farther and farther away. (2) With such a deer and unarmed, it is not scary to ride. (3) How can a shepherd not rejoice over deer, how can he not sing a song about them! (4) Narasyuh, tell us about the blue wind of the shaking and about the minyruva deer, the holy deer, who for all his life does not know what a team is. (5) Tell me how Minruv put the sun on his horns, and how, on a quiet night, the stars ring like bells in their ears from a quick run ...

Answers

1. Reflection. Summing up the lesson.

• What new did you learn in the lesson?
• How to find complex sentences with different types of subordination?
• What is the difference between homogeneous subordination and parallel subordination?
• What problems are raised by Yu.N. Afanasiev in his works?
• What lexical features can be noted in the texts used in the lesson? ( dialect words, an abundance of expressive means, especially comparisons).
• Have you noticed the syntactic features of the works of Yamal writers? (Simple sentences, introductory words, inversion).

1. Differentiated homework assignment (optional).

1. Prepare a presentation of 20 slides on the topic “Preparation for the GIA. B8 "(Performance in groups is possible).
2. Develop a memo to remember theoretical material on this topic.
3. Make a table to systematize knowledge on the topic and memorize theoretical material.
4. Solve several options for tasks B8 from the collection of preparation for the GIA.

Bibliography

1. Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Egoraeva G.T. GIA 2014. Russian language. Grade 9 30 standard options test tasks and preparation for the implementation of part 3 (C) / Yu.N. Gosteva, I.P. Vasiliev, G.T. Egoraev. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2014.
2. Lvova S.I. GIA 2014. Russian language: training tasks: Grade 9 / S.I. Lvova, T.I. Zamuraeva. – M.: Eksmo, 2013.
3. Nazarova T.N. GIA. Workshop on the Russian language: preparation for the tasks of part B / T.N. Nazarova, E.N. Violin. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2014.
4. Russian language. 9th grade. Preparation for GIA-2013: teaching aid/ Ed. ON THE. Senina. - Rostov n / a: Legion, 2012.
5. Khaustova D.A. Russian language. Preparation for the GIA (writing summary). Universal materials with guidelines, decisions and answers / D.A. Khaustov. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2012.

Internet resources

1. Gubkinskaya centralized library system.http://www.gublibrary.ru
2. Afanasiev Yu.N. Tundra rhythms. Once stepping on a rake. Two firs. Corporate information and library portal of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.http://libraries-yanao.ru

Appendix 1.

REMINDER

TYPES OF SUBMISSION

A complex sentence can have two or more subordinate clauses. The relationship of such subordinate clauses among themselves determines the type of subordination.

1. Parallel subordination

With parallel subordination, different types of subordinate clauses belong to one main one, which answer different questions:

Reason, (despite what?), even if it is oppressed and neglected, in the end always prevails (why?), because it is impossible to live without it (A. France).

2. Homogeneous submission

With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are of the same type, answer the same question and refer to the same member of the main clause or to the entire main clause as a whole. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a coordinating or union-free connection:

Yegorushka saw (what?), how little by little the sky darkened and darkness descended on the earth (what?), how the stars lit up one after another (A. Chekhov).

3. Consistent submission

With sequential subordination, the main clause is subject to the subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the first degree), which, in turn, is subject to the next subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the second degree), etc. (parts form a chain). With such a connection, each subordinate part becomes the main one in relation to the next one, but only one remains the original main part: which considered to be the progenitor people, therefore it is to him that the greatest number of legends is devoted.

Historical experience proves that all attempts “jumping over” some stages of culture is no good don't bring that only scrupulous Job on the restoration of historical memory, "childhood and youth" of the people let him go on the main road of world culture and come to a sense of the spiritual fullness of being.

If you apply to foreign literature, then with confidence we can say that the fairy-tale hero R. Rugin has long been known already in the vastness of Europe from France to Russia.

To become masters of your destiny , Khanty and other small peoples of Siberiawill have to overcomemany obstacles, which modernity has prepared for them.

Task keeping traditions is complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking young hunters who don't see the point learn native language prefer learn English instead.

It is significant that the deer plays less significant in Khanty mythology role than in the legends of the Nenets, although also appears in the legends.

Roman Rugin is also a wrestler for the rights of the people which addresses to the mind of his reader and states the facts, and the poet who calls out to the hearts of people and their emotions.

The writer often comes to accept"referencing the past" to compel Khanty reader to look at his past, to move forward, to build the future.

The clause in NGN does not have to be one. There may be several of them. Then it is worth considering all the options for what kind of relationship develops between the subordinate clauses and the main one.

It is also worth clarifying that the scheme of a complex sentence can be not only linear ( horizontal) as in the examples above. In order to visually demonstrate the dependent relationships between the main clause and several subordinate clauses, flowcharts are better suited ( vertical).

So, for several subordinate clauses, the following cases are possible:

Homogeneous submission. All subordinate clauses refer to the main (or to some word in its composition). In addition, they answer one question. And among themselves the subordinate clauses are connected according to the same principle as the homogeneous members of the sentence.

The children stamped their feet with impatience and could not wait until it was time to set off, when they would finally see the sea, when everyone could run along the shore to their heart's content.

parallel submission. All subordinate clauses belong to the main clause. But they answer different questions.

When it was her turn to choose, Olya took the box that first came to her hand.

Consistent submission. One subordinate clause is attached to the main one (it is called the first degree clause). Another subordinate clause, of the second degree, joins the subordinate clause of the first degree. By the way, with this type of subordination, one subordinate clause can be included in another.

The guys decided that all together they would cope with the difficult task that Misha courageously decided to take on his shoulders.

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence

A reasonable question may arise why all these NGN schemes are needed. They have at least one applied purpose - an obligatory part of the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence is the compilation of its scheme.

In addition, just the scheme of a complex sentence will help to correctly analyze it for analysis.

SPP parsing scheme includes the following tasks:

Determine what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement: declarative, interrogative or incentive.

What - by emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

To prove that a sentence is complex, it is necessary to define and designate grammatical foundations.

Indicate what type of connection of parts of a complex sentence is present: allied bond, intonation.

Indicate the type of complex sentence: complex sentence.

Indicate how many simple sentences are included in the complex one, by what means the subordinate clauses are attached to the main one.

Designate the main and subordinate parts. In the case of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, they should be indicated by numbers (degrees of subordination).

Indicate with which word in the main clause (or with the whole sentence) the subordinate clause is associated.

Mark the connection method predicative parts complex sentence: union or allied word.

If there are any, mark indicative words in the main part.

Indicate the type of subordinate clause: explanatory, attributive, adjunctive, adverbial.

And finally, draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

The section of the science of our language, dedicated to the structure of sentences, is fraught with a lot of interesting things, and parsing can be an exciting activity for those who are well versed in the rules of the Russian language. Today we will touch on the syntax and punctuation of a complex sentence, in particular the case when there is not one subordinate clause, but several. What are the types of subordination and why is a sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses interesting? About everything in order.

Complex sentence and its parts

Complicated (C / P) is such a complex sentence in which it is possible to distinguish the main part (it carries the main semantic load) and the subordinate clause (it is dependent on the main part, you can ask a question to it). There can be two or more adnexal parts, and they can be attached to the main, main part in different ways. There is a consistent, homogeneous, heterogeneous, parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. To find out the type of subordination, you need to pay attention to whether the dependent parts answer the same question or different ones, refer to the same word in the main part or to different ones. We will consider the material in more detail in the next section.

Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

So, there are four types of submission.

• Sequential subordination - subordinate parts depend sequentially on each other, and one of them depends on the main one. I know (about what?) what to do (for what?) to get there (where?) where I need.
• Homogeneous - subordinate clauses answer the same question and refer to the same word. I asked (about what?) what time it is, where we are and how to get to the airport. There are three subordinate (dependent) parts in this sentence, all of them refer to the word "asked" and answer the question "about what?".
• Heterogeneous subordination - subordinate parts also refer to the same word, but questions are asked about them differently. I have to go to this city (why should I?) to fulfill all my plans (why should I?) because there are a lot of things to do.
• Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses - dependent parts refer to different words of the main sentence and answer completely different questions. (For what?) In order to catch the train, I have to leave the house early for the station (what?), which is located in another part of the city.

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

What's the difference between various types submission, we found out. By the way, in some sources, heterogeneous parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is distinguished as one species. This is because in both cases the questions to the dependent parts are different.

If the sentence is complex with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses, then most often one dependent part is located before the main one, and the second after.
It is necessary to highlight the main, main part of the sentence, determine the number of subordinate clauses and ask questions to them. Only in this way will we be convinced that we really have a parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. If the questions are different, and we will ask them from different words, which means that the subordination is indeed parallel. When I went out into the street, I suddenly remembered that I had been going to visit my friend for a long time. In this sentence, from the predicate of the main part "remembered" we ask a question "when?" to the first subordinate clause, and from the complement "About" ask a question "about what?" to the second. So, in this case, a parallel method of subordination is used.

To be able to determine the boundaries of parts of a sentence and correctly ask questions from the main part is necessary in order not to make mistakes when arranging punctuation marks. Remember that subordinate parts are separated from the main part by commas, which are placed before the union or allied word connecting parts of a complex sentence.

Summing up

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is one of the four types of subordination in Russian. To determine the type of subordination, you need to highlight simple sentences as part of a complex subordinate, determine the main part and ask questions from it to dependent ones. If the question is the same, then this is a homogeneous subordination, if different from the same word - heterogeneous, if different questions from different words - parallel, and if the question can only be asked to one subordinate clause, and from it to another, and so on, then we have a consistent submission.

Be smart!

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is one of three types of subordination of secondary (or dependent) parts in Each type has its own subtleties and tricks, knowing which you can easily determine this type.

Homogeneous, sequential and parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

All three types characterize the order in which the answer to the question posed from the main part of the sentence occurs. It is worth noting that there can be (and most often happens) several accessory parts and they can stand both in front of the main part and after it.

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is such subordination when all minor parts answer the same question. As a rule, such clauses have one common union or For example: "Mom told me that everything would be fine and that she would buy me a doll." In this case, one common union "what" can be seen. However, there are also cases when the union is omitted, but it is implied. An example is the following sentence: "Nastya noticed that he was looking at her and he had a blush on his cheeks." In this version, the union is omitted, but the meaning remains the same. It is very important to clearly see this omitted conjunction, as such sentences are often found on the exam.

Sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is such a subordination when minor members answer the question of their "predecessor", That is, questions are asked from each part of the sentence to the subsequent member. For example: “I am sure that if I get an excellent score, then I will get into a good educational institution". The sequence is clearly expressed here: I am sure (of what?), that ..., then (what will happen?).

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is a type of subordination when the secondary parts belong to one They do not answer one question, but together they explain the meaning of the main statement. It is desirable to make schemes of this kind in order not to make a mistake in determining the type. So, submissions: "When the cat jumped out of the window, Masha pretended that nothing terrible had happened." So, main part is the middle of the sentence (and from it you can ask a question both to the first subordinate clause and to the second one): Masha pretended (when?) and (what happened then?). It should be noted that a simple difficult sentence will not contain any of the above types of subordination. As a rule, they are built only on between parts.

Thus, we can conclude that in a complex sentence, dependent parts have three types of attachment: homogeneous, sequential and parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Each type defines a dependency on the main member and a relationship with the same minor parts. To correctly determine this type, it is enough just to correctly ask a question and draw diagrams of complex sentences, marking these very questions with arrows. After a visual drawing, everything will immediately become clear.