Liquefied gas and natural gas (difference). Types of gas boilers and their differences

The sound of a shot from a gas pistol is significantly different from a combat one. Both in volume and in character. Because the rate of exhaust gases in military weapons is much higher. Gas pistols and revolvers can fire special rocket launchers. To do this, the kit includes a special nozzle screwed into the barrel. A rocket launcher is inserted into it, a blank cartridge is loaded into a pistol or revolver and a shot is fired. The rocket launcher flies up 25-30 meters. Unfortunately, Russian models exclude the installation of these attachments, but this is a generally accepted rule in imported pistols. Like any other weapon, gas is divided into pistols and revolvers. Pistols like more modern type weapons are more comfortable to carry (actually it's a matter of taste). Reloading a pistol by inserting a new, preloaded magazine is easier and faster than inserting cartridges one at a time into a revolver, especially since spare magazines can always be bought and carried with you already equipped. Pistol magazines hold 5 to 10 rounds. However, there are the same problems as the combat counterparts. If a misfire occurs during a shot or the cartridge simply warps, then in order to continue shooting it will be necessary to spend a certain amount of time to bring the pistol back on alert. Fortunately, this rarely happens. At least with the products of such reputable companies as Umarex, Colt, Browning, etc. Revolvers are a completely different matter. The problem of misfires in this type of weapon is solved instantly by simply pressing the trigger, which ensures automatic translation of the drum. The next cartridge is ready and you can continue shooting. This system itself is as old as the world, and so far mankind has not invented anything more reliable. However, the revolver is considered less convenient to carry (again, a matter of taste) and load (some 5-6 rounds in the drum seems not enough). There is a small gap in the revolver at the junction of the barrel and the drum. There is an opinion that when a shot is fired, part of the gas leaks into it. However, the amount of gas flowing out is so small that it cannot harm the owner of the revolver. The weapon itself, according to the principle of action and appearance is an exact copy of any real-life combat pistol or revolver. Only the automatic firing function is missing (for example, in Beretta models). A cartridge is loaded, consisting of a cartridge case, a capsule, a powder and gas charge (there is no gas charge in blank cartridges). When fired, the striker hits the capsule, which, igniting, ignites the gunpowder. The resulting pressure pushes the gas charge out of the weapon. A jet of gas flies out of the barrel, turning into a cloud. Depending on the caliber (barrel diameter), the distance of the pistol is different. 8 mm - up to 2 meters 9 mm - up to 3.5 meters (11.43 mm) 45 caliber - up to 4 meters.. .

The gas supply and heating systems of residential facilities are supplied with natural gas, which, after extraction from the subsoil, goes through a long way of preliminary processing. During this process, various substances are added to the gas, allowing it to be used for domestic purposes as efficiently and safely as possible.

The composition and pressure of the gas in the apartments

AT residential buildings and apartments, we use gas, which includes not only methane, but also a number of additional components. Preliminary purification of gas and the addition of impurities to it is necessary to ensure maximum safety in the use of engineering systems in homes. The basis of the fuel is methane, the content of which can be 70-98%, also present in the gas:

• butane;
• propane;
• carbon dioxide;
• water vapor;
• hydrogen sulfide.

Methane gets into stoves and heating systems after passing tens of thousands of kilometers through special highways. In such pipelines, the pressure is very high and can be up to 11.8 MPa. For domestic consumption, this pressure is too high, therefore, at gas distribution stations, it is reduced to 1.2 MPa. Additional purification of methane is also carried out in these communication facilities.

From school curriculum We know that natural gas is colorless and odorless, but during processing it is given a specific aroma by adding odorants - substances that are well recognized by the human sense of smell. The odorous methane is much safer to operate, the odor can be noticed at the time of leakage and prevent the occurrence of emergencies, fires and explosions.

Gas in urban apartments has an odor due to ethanethiol and ethyl mercaptan. These are strong-smelling liquids sprayed into methane during processing.

How toxic and explosive is natural gas

Since childhood, people have been instilled with a cautious attitude towards natural gas, we are told about its danger, and this is true. However, the toxicity of methane is greatly exaggerated; it is almost impossible to get poisoned by inhaling it. Where, then, do the dead in gassed rooms come from? Victims of gas die not from poisoning, but from banal suffocation. Natural gas contains carbon dioxide, which displaces oxygen from the environment. It is because of this that it is very difficult to breathe in gassed rooms, and sometimes, in the absence of ventilation, it is simply impossible.

The main danger of methane is its fire and explosion hazard. These characteristics depend on many factors, in particular on ambient temperature and pressure. Explosive situations arise when methane in the room becomes more than 15% of the total air mass. It is impossible to determine the percentage of methane in the air; this requires specialized measuring equipment.

The inability of a person to determine the level of danger in apartment building because of the gas in the air, it forces us, at the first sign of the presence of methane in the room, to shut off the gas supply system as soon as possible. Feeling the characteristic aroma of natural gas, it is necessary not only to turn off the fuel supply to all appliances in the apartment, but also to turn off the equipment, which uses electrical impulses, which can cause ignition and explosion.

In gassed rooms, a danger to a person can be posed not only by equipment operating from the power supply network, but also by devices operating from batteries and accumulators. Practice shows that with a natural gas concentration of 15% or more, even mobile phone or the included laptop. If you detect a characteristic smell of domestic methane, you should quickly turn off all appliances in the house, provide a good one (open windows and doors), and notify emergency services about what happened.

Is it possible to protect yourself from an accident when operating equipment

In residential and non-residential facilities, gas is used everywhere, so it is vital to know the rules of operation gas equipment to protect yourself and your loved ones from possible emergencies.

You can minimize the likelihood of gas leaks, fires and explosions by following the recommendations of professionals:

1. 1. Timely maintenance of equipment. Every year, you need to call specialists to check the condition of gas equipment and draft in the premises.
2. 2. High-quality ventilation. Rooms with an installed stove or heating boiler must always have a functioning system natural circulation air. Both in winter and summer, ventilation grilles must be open and not insulated.
3. 3. Disabling unused equipment. Gas equipment must be turned off and shut off the gas supply if you leave or leave home for long time. The same applies to electrical engineering.
4. 4. Control over the work of equipment. Operating gas equipment must not be left unattended for a long time.
5. 5. Competent actions in case of emergency. When detecting a methane leak and a persistent specific smell in the room, it is imperative to call emergency services.

These rules are very simple, and their observance does not require significant financial or time costs from the apartment owner, however, many people forget about the dangers of gas supply, and therefore, when using this engineering system They don't even remember the most basic safety precautions.

What will tell the color of the flame burners

The flames in the burners can have the most different shades, which indicate the features of fuel combustion. The saturated blue color of the fire indicates a homogeneous structure of the gas that is fed into cooker. Homogeneous and high-quality fuel burns completely, emits in environment the maximum amount of heat and the minimum amount of harmful substances.

It is not uncommon for apartment owners to notice a flame of bright red or yellow color. Any shades other than blue indicate that the burner is receiving low quality fuel with air impurities. Not only can low-quality fuels be quite dangerous to use, but they also produce significantly worse heating. Poor quality gas will lead to the fact that for the operation of the heat supply system it will be necessary to spend a larger amount of an expensive resource and pay more on utility bills.

Because of this, we recommend paying attention to the color of the fire on the stove and in the boiler. Most often, management companies are responsible for supplying low-quality fuel to apartments. Representatives of the UK sometimes deliberately reduce the content of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons in the fuel in order to increase their income. In any case, the discovery of a change in the color of the flame is an excellent reason to contact the responsible authorities for clarification.

Poor operation of the gas supply system can not only increase the costs of users of an apartment or house, but also lead to premature wear installed equipment, its failure and even the occurrence of emergencies. We are directly interested in supplying natural gas to our homes High Quality therefore, if any suspicions arise about the content of impurities in the fuel, it is necessary to check the existing equipment by calling the gas workers to the house.

Good day dear visitors of our site. Did you know that as a fuel for gas systems different gases can be used - methane, propane, butane or isobutane. The use of natural gas (or methane) is carried out in centralized gas supply systems, the use of propane and butane - in autonomous systems.

Natural gas is methane, which has the formula CH 4 and is a colorless gas. Natural gas methane is odorless, so in order for a person to independently detect a gas leak and take necessary measures, impurities with a characteristic odor are added to the composition of methane.

The critical temperature of methane is -82.5 o C (this is the temperature at which the transition of natural gas into liquid state during further manipulations with methane pressure). And the boiling point of methane is -161.5 o C - this is the temperature at which natural (natural) gas exactly passes into a liquid state from a gaseous one.

Propane is a gas from the group of alkanes (hydrocarbons, a number of which are described by the formula C n H 2n + 2), having the formula C 3 H 8. As in the case of methane, propane gas is colorless and odorless, however, like methane, this gas at high concentrations can harm human well-being and health, and at certain concentrations of methane and propane, an explosion is possible.

Therefore, the production of propane, like methane, is accompanied by the addition of reagents with a characteristic odor. The boiling point of propane is -43 o C. If methane can be liquefied with a decrease in temperature, then propane can be liquefied in cheaper ways - through compression (pressure increase).

Butane is also a gas from the alkane group, having the formula C 4 H 10 , colorless, like propane or methane, and odorless. As with other gases, methane or propane, the production of butane is accompanied by the use of odorous chemicals. What radically distinguishes this gas from the listed alkanes is the boiling point of butane, equal to -0.5 o C. Which imposes certain restrictions on its use as a fuel. Other gases are propane and methane, which are used without problems in sub-zero temperatures as a fuel, supplement butane in the composition of combustible gases. So, propane and butane (or isobutane) are used as components of liquefied petroleum gas.

Difference in physical properties gases imposes the following restrictions on the use of butane and propane separately:

Liquefied butane cannot be used as a fuel at low temperatures (since space heating must occur by delivering gaseous butane to a gas boiler)

• Propane cannot be used high temperature(propane expands excessively in hot climates and exerts increased pressure on the walls of the container in which it is stored).

GOST 20448-90 "Liquefied fuel hydrocarbon gases for domestic consumption" prohibits independent use butane or propane in gasification systems, and also sets limits on how butane or propane (as a percentage) can be used in a mixture - the content of the former should not exceed 60%. AT winter time propane in the mixture for the north of Russia is allowed in an amount of at least 75% of the total volume of the gas mixture.

That’s all for today, dear readers, our GazEcoSet team wishes you have a good day and great mood.

Gas / Gas tariffs

Gas is pipeline, and it happens in cylinders or gas tanks. The former is cheaper, but expensive to run. The second one is much easier to buy, but it costs more high price. What are the differences between these two types of fuel and how is the price formed? We publish explanations of the Regional Energy Commission of the Omsk Region on this issue.

What is the difference between LPG and natural gas?

Natural gas is a mineral, it is a mixture of different gases. natural origin. Most of it is methane. Natural gas is odorless, so odorants - unpleasant smelling substances - are necessarily introduced into it in order to quickly detect a leak. The specific heat of combustion of such a mixture is from 7,600 to 8,500 kcal, the exact figure depends on the composition of natural gas.

Natural gas is extracted from the bowels of the earth, pumped into special gas storage facilities and gas pipes deliver to consumers.

Liquefied petroleum gas is a product of the processing of associated petroleum gas and gases from oil refineries, which are hydrocarbons.

In production liquefied gas liquefied propane-butane mixture is used. In this state, the density of the gas increases hundreds of times, which increases the efficiency and convenience of transporting, storing and consuming the mixture. Liquefied gas is filled into special cylinders or pumped into gas tanks. The specific heat capacity of such a mixture is slightly higher and averages 9,500 kcal.

In accordance with the legislation, LPG is allocated for domestic consumption and industrial purposes and LPG for road transport. Odorants are also added to LPG.

According to its characteristics, LPG for household needs and for refueling cars is different, in this regard, the use of LPG for domestic consumption as a fuel for cars is not recommended.

The difference between natural and liquefied gas according to the methods of implementation

There are different ways of selling natural gas and LPG: natural gas is supplied to consumers via a pipeline, LPG for the population is supplied to consumers by car in containers of various sizes, including in individual cylinders, or tanks for injection into group tank units (GRU), which are located in close proximity to the houses of the settlement.

In this regard, liquefied gas cannot be replaced by natural gas everywhere, since this requires the construction of an extensive network of pipelines.

LPG cylinders for domestic needs of the population are filled at gas filling stations or gas filling stations.

LPG cylinders for cars are filled at car gas filling stations. Sales of liquefied gas car filling stations not subject to state tariff regulation.

Who sets the prices for natural and liquefied gas?

The prices of both natural and liquefied gas for household needs are subject to state regulation, however, there are also specifics here.

In the case of natural gas, the FAS Russia first establishes the wholesale price for gas, tariffs for gas transportation services and fees for the supply and marketing services of the gas supplier.

Then, on the basis of these components, the REC of the Omsk region forms and approves the retail price for natural gas for the population.

Prices for liquefied gas sold to the population for household needs are set at the level of subjects and consist mainly of regional components. Federal component - Wholesale price for liquefied gas (set FAS Russia).

Price structure for liquefied and natural gas, which causes differences in tariffs.

Differences in the technology of supplying liquefied and natural gas to consumers largely determine the difference in the structure of prices for natural and liquefied gas sold to the population for domestic needs.

The itemized structure of the retail price for natural gas in the Omsk region is as follows:

- 80.01% - purchase of gas;

— 16.63% - gas transportation through gas distribution networks;

- 3.36% - the cost of supply and marketing services.

Retail prices for natural gas are approved by the REC of the Omsk region in summer period, since only by this time all the components for these prices appear.

The line-item structure of the retail price for liquefied gas resembles the structure of other tariffs for public utilities, which are set at the level of subjects of the federation. So, in the city of Omsk, the structure of the retail price for liquefied gas is as follows:

- 35.13% - purchase of gas;

— 26,09% - wage;

- 3.2% - depreciation;

— 35.58% - other expenses, including labor protection for personnel, services for diagnostics, examination, certification of gas equipment, motor transport services, gas transportation services, maintenance of gas filling stations.

The retail price for liquefied gas for the next year is set in December of the current year.

The cost of natural and liquefied gas

Natural gas is much cheaper due to the fact that it is a finished product that needs only to be delivered to the consumer.

The cost of natural gas also differs according to the directions of use. If gas is used both for cooking, and for heating, and for heating water for hot water supply, then the cost of a cubic meter will be much cheaper than, for example, for food preparation without being used for other purposes.

The specifics of the production and delivery of liquefied gas for domestic needs determines its higher price. Liquefied gas also has its uses, which differ in cost: gas can be supplied through gas distribution devices (gas holders) (mainly for apartment buildings) or in cylinders (mainly for private homes) with delivery directly to the consumer or with delivery to intermediate storage locations. It is cheaper to pick up a gas cylinder from an intermediate storage location than to deliver it to the consumer's door.

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Gas pistols have been known in our country for more than 20 years, but recently they have a serious competitor - aerosol pistols or aerosol launchers. Let's take a closer look at what an aerosol gun is, how it differs from a gas gun, and what weapon better fit for self defense?

Gas pistols - design, advantages, disadvantages

"Gazoviki" are almost completely identical in design to firearms. They are made of metal, they use cartridges of a similar caliber and detonation systems as ammunition, but instead of a bullet they hit the enemy with a stream of poisonous substance - an irritant. The main advantage is high reliability, resistance to wear and tear.

Gas cartridges can legally contain more of the damaging compound at a higher concentration. Pistols are very similar to firearms, due to the detonation of the powder charge, they emit a loud shot - serious deterrent factors.

From an aerosol gas gun differs more high cost both weapons and ammunition. In addition, according to the laws Russian Federation for such devices, you need to issue a permit, that is, to know all the delights of the domestic bureaucracy and become a “pencil” in the police. Before you decide which is better - a gas gun or an aerosol gun, decide if you are ready for such procedures.

What is the difference between aerosol guns and gas guns?

Aerosol devices (APU) are a simplified and “tailored” analogue of gas workers for the average user. Similar units are produced in a simpler and cheaper plastic case and have a different ammunition design - there is no powder charge in it, the irritant is pushed out by the explosion of a special capsule with pyrotechnics.

There are both percussion types of pistols (), structurally similar to gas ones, and electric detonation (), similar to traumatic weapons a la "Wasp".

• In terms of range and accuracy of throwing an irritant, APUs are not inferior to gas workers - the same 3-5 meters, the ability to use indoors, in the wind.
• Efficiency depends on the type of ammunition. Modern cartridges for large-caliber aerosol cans (BAM) contain up to 4 ml of irritant - pepper concentrate or OS + CR mixture. This is more than enough to disable even the largest enemies, regardless of the composition of the poisonous substance.
• Aerosol pistols differ from gas aerosol pistols in simplified controls - a beginner can easily figure it out, most models do not even have a fuse - only a trigger, there is nothing to mess with!
• Aerosols are lighter, more convenient to carry, have smaller dimensions. The high-impact ABS polymer used for the case can withstand even strong blows and falls from great heights.
• Low price - the most simple models(“Udar-M2”) can be bought for only one and a half to two thousand rubles, a pack of medium-caliber cartridges costs 500 rubles. Even the most expensive pistol will cost no more than 4000 - three times cheaper than the simplest gas man!

But the most important advantage of APU is its availability without special documentation! By law, any adult Russian can purchase this device and ammunition for self-defense, simply by presenting a passport. You can carry such a device absolutely freely - in recent times they are very common, any policeman knows perfectly well what an aerosol gun is and that such a weapon does not need permission.

Apparently, gas pistols, which are being actively forced out of the market by gas cartridges, traumatic weapons, and now by aerosol guns, are about to be completely forgotten by the Russians!