Submersible pumps for water containing sand. Types of borehole pumps for water with sand

From the correct choice of pumping equipment for the well, its productivity, durability, and sometimes the operational life of the hydraulic structure itself will depend.

MAIN TYPES OF PUMPS AND THEIR FEATURES

• Vibrating- are more often used in wells, since as a result of vibrations they can not only lift sediment from the bottom, but also damage the walls of the wells
• Centrifugal submersible– more than once I was convinced that this is the best solution for wells. During operation, a minimum of vibrations is formed, the productivity is large enough, as is the height of the water rise, and overheating is excluded due to the design features of the engine
• Drainage or self-priming– their use is relevant for shallow wells or as dehumidifiers for caissons

selection of a pump and equipment for a well, criteria

• Water lifting height- these are the total values ​​of the depth of the well (from the point of immersion of the pump to the surface of the earth) and the height of the highest point of the water intake from the ground level. The coefficient of horizontal movement of water is also taken into account if the hydraulic structure is located at a sufficient distance from the house (20-30 meters)
• Well type(on sand, artesian) and casing material - we have experienced in practice the damage that vibration pumps can cause to a PET pipe or downhole filter
• Volumes of water consumption and maximum total loads
• Well flow rate
• Water quality in the well and the presence of solid impurities in it

I advise you to rely on the experience and qualifications of professionals in this matter. We will select a suitable pump, offer it to you at a dealer price, and carry out professional installation.

Now I will answer the questions that our clients most often ask us.

Which pump is best for a well?

Based on personal experience, I can say that for wells, regardless of their depth, the material of the casing string and the type of downhole filter, it is better to use centrifugal (vortex) submersible pumps.

Why?

During operation, they do not vibrate, so they do not raise sediment from the bottom, and most importantly, they are not able to damage the walls of the casing string and the downhole filter. They are also highly efficient and, unlike vibratory pumps, can run longer continuously.

Important!

How to choose a pump The basis of choice is the productivity of the well in relation to the consumption volumes (peak and average).

What types of wells do we drill

Advantages of centrifugal submersible pumps

Centrifugal pumps cannot physically overheat, as the water passes through the motor, which consists of a rotor freely rotating due to the force of electromagnetism, and a stator. A stream of cold water moves between them, providing natural cooling.

If there is no more than 10-15 meters to the water surface from the surface, a self-priming pump can be used, but there are a number of difficulties, including the need for additional maintenance and control.

Below I will review the characteristics of several centrifugal pumps in comparison with a vibrating counterpart, so that it is easier for you to understand the difference in performance.

Pump Model	Power	lifting height	Capacity l/h	Immersion depth	Price
Vibration pump BELAMOS BV012, 25 m	300 W	70 m	990 l	3m	2800 rubles
Centrifugal submersible pump Caliber NPCS- 1.5 / 50-550	550 W	50 m	1500 l	5 m	5300 rubles
Centrifugal submersible pump QUATTRO ELEMENTI Deep 1500 Pro 772-531	1500 W	115 m	5460 l	2 m	19500 rubles
Submersible borehole pump BELAMOS TF-60	900 W	60 m	4000 l	5 m	15000 rubles
GRUNDFOS SP 5A-25 3x400V 05001K25 with dry run protection	2200 W	153 m	6500 l	600 m	67000 rubles
Gileks Vodomet PROF 55/75 House (set for automatic autonomous water supply)	900 W	75 m	3300 l	30 m	26000 rubles

As you can see, the characteristics of the pump directly affect its price, but in each price category there are pumps of different performance. I have been convinced more than once that only a professional can determine the priority selection criteria.

Common mistakes when choosing and installing a pump

So what not to do?

• “The neighbors have one of these, which means it will suit me too” is a classic mistake. Two wells located 20-50 meters apart can vary greatly in flow rate. In addition, it is important to take into account such factors as material, casing diameter, bottomhole filter type, consumption volumes.
• "I'll buy more powerful - in reserve" is another common misconception. First, why pay more? Secondly, a pump that is too efficient can kill a well with a low flow rate by volley pumping. We often had to repair a well, the water quality of which was lost precisely because of the wrong choice of pump
• "I'll do all the calculations myself"- even many of my colleagues who switched to free bread do not always make calculations with high accuracy - there are too many factors and coefficients to take into account. Better leave it to the professionals

Classic when installing pumping equipment yourself:

• Incorrect choice of installation depth
• Incorrect fastening of the pump on the carrying cable, as a result of which part of the load falls on the power cord
• Incorrect connection to the mains

IMPORTANT!

Do-it-yourself installation - is it necessary? I strongly recommend not to regret one or two thousand rubles for the work of specialists who will make all the calculations and carry out the installation correctly.

The optimal installation depth of the pump between the bottom and the water surface for standard water intake

Here we completely turn off the fantasy - the installation depth of the pump is a constant value recommended by the equipment manufacturer. The nuances take place only for high-performance models with a large installation depth. In this case, at least one meter of water column must remain to the bottom of the well.

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At what depth should a submerged pump be installed for pumping a well?

At the stage of pumping a well, we always pursue the same goal - to pump out sand and turbidity from the bottomhole. It is irrational to do this with a centrifugal pump, since they are very sensitive to the presence of fine solid impurities in the water.

Therefore, for pumping (if possible), a vibration pump with a lifting height of up to 80-110 meters is used.

They are not afraid of sand, and they can be installed almost at the very bottom in order to pump out unnecessary dirt from the well to the maximum.

If the well is pumped by a centrifugal pump, then at least one meter must remain to its bottom, as required by the instructions for the equipment.

Dry running protection for borehole pump

Imagine such a situation - you are not at home, a tap leaked, and as a result, the pump pumped out all the water from the well and continued to work.

The result is the replacement of expensive equipment, since the plastic impeller will not withstand high temperatures. If it is protected from dry running - relays, special floats and automation, then such incidents are excluded.

Drilling cost calculation
fine sand wells

Select your region: Solnechnogorsky District Istrinsky District Dmitrovsky District Odintsovsky District Krasnogorsky District Klinsky District Narofominsky District

If you are not in your area, please call us and we will make an individual calculation.

Casing pipe HDPE Pipe PVC-U 129 mm

Filter: For HDPE (stainless steel). For PVC-U (slotted with spraying).

Cable conduit for borehole pump. submersible pump cable extension for a well

I can assure you that you will not find a pump that comes with an electrical cable of the same length as the lifting height for which it is designed, because 120 meters of cable is a lot. The maximum that the manufacturer offers is 15-30 meters.

How to be? Ramp up! I categorically do not recommend doing this on your own, but if you still decide, then here are some of my professional tips:

• Use a submersible cable- yes, it is a little more expensive, yes - there will be no disaster if you take a regular one, but if for some reason damage occurs in a simple cable, the consequences can be serious. Submersible is designed for direct contact with water, it is better
• Connection must be at maximum height from the water surface - do not cut the cable just before entering the pump - cut the plug
• Use special connectors and epoxy resin for hermetic sealing of the joint or special heat shrink sleeves
• Use an appropriate cable section corrected for resistance along the length

In general, everything is not simple here either, so I recommend leaving this work to specialists.

Pump and automation for sand wells

Wells for sand in the Moscow region are used mainly for irrigation in garden plots.

The flow rate in such wells is usually low and variable, and the water quality is low, as it contains a lot of sand.

The optimal solution is a submersible vibration pump. It is affordable, picky about water quality.

The subtleties of installing a vibration pump
When installing the pump, it is important to fix it so that it does not touch the walls of the casing string or the bottom filter, otherwise vibrations can lead to mechanical damage to the equipment or the structure itself.

We automate the system based on the vibration pump

The easiest option to automatically turn off such a pump is a switch with a timer.

If you know the flow rate of the well, and it is, for example, 500 liters per hour, and your pump pumps this volume in half an hour, then simply set the timer for 20 minutes to select the desired volume of water, and go about your business.

You can also use a float system.

Inefficient pump for a well with a low flow rate

Wells with low flow rates present a serious problem. I often came across the fact that people are looking for low-performance pumps as a solution, but you will not find them, because even the smallest pump has a minimum capacity of 450 liters per hour, and if the well flow rate is 250 liters, then this discrepancy is almost doubled.

What to do? I suggest the following solution:

• We install a storage tank for 500-1000 liters in the basement or in the attic. If in the basement, then with a membrane to maintain pressure, if in the attic, then without
• We connect automation to the tank in order to constantly keep it full
• We install automation to protect against dry running in the well

What do we get as a result? Your country house is provided with water, because even with a very strong desire, you will not make a salvo discharge of 500 liters. The volume of water in the bathroom is 200 liters, one wash in an automatic machine is 60-80 liters, a toilet tank is 8-15 liters.

The pump works in segments of 5-7 minutes, if necessary, replenishing the tank or stopping work if the water in the well goes below a certain level. Problem solved!

Is a vibration pump harmful to a well?

Harmful, and I'll tell you more, if installed incorrectly, it will destroy the well faster than you think. Vibration is to blame. Sometimes the use of a centrifugal type pump is irrelevant, and in these cases it is important to at least follow the installation rules:

• Install the vibration pump at least 1.5 meters above the bottom of the well
• The pump should not touch the walls of the casing - it should hang freely in the water column
• I also recommend using models with an upper water intake - this way it will disturb the face less

Water hammer when turning on the pump and strong shock when turning it off

Water hammer in the water supply system not only leads to the failure of plumbing, but also the pumping equipment itself. This phenomenon occurs when the pump is directly wedged into the system.

It is easy to avoid this - for this I advise you to definitely use membrane accumulators. They dampen sudden pressure surges in the system, extending the life of your expensive plumbing equipment.

Features of maintenance of pumping equipment

During my career, I have come across this issue many times. In fact, in the case of proper installation and operation, the submersible pump does not require additional maintenance. Some models require pre-lubrication of individual elements immediately before installation - nothing more.

When using centrifugal submersible pumps for pumping water with sand impurities, repair may be required - replacement of impellers. All these works should be carried out only by a professional - on your own you can only do harm.

Pump modeAlways follow the operating mode recommended by the manufacturer, do not overload the pump, then it will work properly throughout the entire operating period.

High-pressure mud (or drainage) pumps should be in the arsenal of any suburban housing owner or summer resident using autonomous water supply and sewerage systems. Such pumps, which belong to the drainage category, are indispensable in cases where it becomes necessary to clean a silted well, pump out water and silt from an overflowing septic tank or drainage pit, remove accumulated water from a personal plot, from a basement or cellar of a house.

Unlike conventional liquid pumping devices, the mud pump is specifically designed to handle liquids that contain sand, silt and other insoluble matter. For the manufacture of high-pressure mud pumps that can withstand increased loads, especially strong and wear-resistant materials are used.

Principle of operation and scope

By its design, the mud pump is a single unit consisting of an engine and a working mechanism placed in a common housing. An oil chamber and a block of sealing elements are located between the engine and the working mechanism of the high-pressure mud pump. A conventional submersible pump has a multi-channel design, while mud pumps have only one channel through which the contaminated liquid medium is pumped.

Household models of submersible mud pumps, as a rule, have a power of 1.5–1.75 kW; they can be used to pump contaminated liquid from wells, the depth of which reaches 60 meters. The density of the liquid pumped by such high-pressure pumps should be 1.1–1.2 kgf / cm 3, and the amount of impurities in it should reach 10%. The size of insoluble inclusions contained in the liquid pumped by domestic models of high-pressure mud pumps can reach up to 5-10 mm, and imported - up to 50 mm. During operation, the mud pump must be cooled, which is ensured by the liquid surrounding it. A special filter is installed on the suction pipe of the high-pressure mud pump, which limits the particle size of insoluble impurities contained in the pumped liquid.

Depending on the design, submersible mud pumps can be rotary or vibratory. The main working element of rotary pumps is an impeller with blades rotating on the rotor shaft inside the device housing. In vibration pumps, the role of such an element is performed by a steel membrane, which vibrates under the influence of alternating current and thereby creates a rarefaction of air in the working chamber. Vibration pumps, although they are characterized by lower power when compared with rotary devices, are characterized by higher reliability and a longer service life, since there are no rubbing parts in their design.

Among the high-pressure mud pumps, semi-submersible devices should be distinguished, designed to pump a medium with a density of 1.3–1.5 kgf / cm 3. Such mud pumps, the working part of which can be made of corundum steel, ebonite or rubber, can operate at a temperature not exceeding 60 °.

For pumping media with a higher density, as well as media containing inclusions with a fibrous structure (fabrics, algae, etc.), mud pumping devices of a different type, fecal ones, are specially designed. In the design of such pumps, the inlet and outlet pipes of which are distinguished by expanded diameters, there is a special impeller that cuts fibrous inclusions into smaller fractions.

The most common applications for high pressure mud pumps are:

1. pumping out used dirty water during construction work and maintenance of production processes (pumping out sludge water, etc.);
2. a decrease in the level of groundwater after heavy rainfall, floods or flood situations;
3. pumping out water and silt from basements, cellars, sewers and pools;
4. cleaning of wells, replacement of polluted water in artificial reservoirs;
5. organization of watering of green spaces growing on personal plots.

Advantages and disadvantages

The mud pump, the design of which is specially designed for pumping liquid media containing a significant amount of insoluble impurities, has a whole list of advantages:

• high mobility (this makes it easy to carry and use the drainage pump in those places where it is needed at the moment);
• high power, allowing the use of a mud pump for pumping liquid media from great depths;
• anti-corrosion properties of the body;
• a special design, which is designed in such a way that even in the cold season, the parts that make up the submersible pump do not freeze;
• low noise during operation.

Of course, like any technical device, a high-pressure mud pump has its drawbacks.

• The body of such a device is non-separable, so it is almost impossible to repair a submersible pump if it is out of order, it can only be replaced with a new one.
• Since the submersible pump is constantly in a liquid medium during operation, quite serious requirements are imposed on its electrical safety.

In addition to submersible mud pumps, modern manufacturers offer models of surface-type pumping equipment that are installed on the surface of the earth, and only a hose or pipe connected to the suction pipe of the device is immersed in the pumped liquid medium. If we talk about the advantages that distinguish a self-priming mud pump of a surface type, then they should include:

• a fairly low cost when comparing such a pump with submersible models;
• ease of installation and maintenance;
• high electrical safety.

Meanwhile, surface-type mud pumping devices can be used only in cases where water containing dirt and other insoluble inclusions in its composition needs to be pumped out from a shallow depth - no more than 8–10 meters. Another significant disadvantage of high-pressure surface mud pumps is that such devices emit quite a lot of noise during their operation.

When choosing a pump for cleaning a well or for solving any other problems associated with pumping contaminated liquid media, one should take into account not only the depth of the source from which such a medium will be pumped out, but also the distance over which it will be transported in a horizontal direction, as well as the degree of its pollution and the size of the inclusions contained in its composition.

Labeling rules

When designating a model of pumping equipment, which today is produced by many domestic and foreign companies, manufacturers do not adhere to uniform rules and regulatory requirements, but a certain pattern in this matter can be traced. So, in the marking of many models of such equipment there are both alphabetic and numeric characters. The letter part of the mud pump marking usually contains the following information about the equipment:

1. pump type;
2. speed factor.

The digital part of the marking indicates the diameter of the inlet pipe in mm.
The labeling of faecal mud pumps contains the following information:

• SM - waste-mass type device;
• XX is the diameter of the suction pipe;
• XX is the diameter of the discharge pipe.

On many models of high-pressure drainage pumps, you can find this type of marking - XXX / X FN, which is deciphered as follows:

• XXX - the volume of supply in liters, which the pump is able to provide per unit of time (min);
• X is the pressure of the liquid, measured in meters;
• Ф - type of pump (fecal);
• H - body material (stainless steel).

The marking of pumping equipment may also contain other information (in particular, the presence of automation).

Using a drain pump to clean a well

Cleaning the well with a drainage pump is a fairly common procedure, the regular implementation of which allows you to always get well water that is not contaminated with sand, silt and other foreign matter. Some owners of dachas and country houses, in whose household territories there is a source, acting in the old fashioned way, clean it manually, using a brush and a bucket on a rope for this purpose. Meanwhile, without using a cleaning pump in combination with this method, it will be quite difficult to solve the problem. In practice, in order to effectively purify well water, they try to use both methods: first, using mechanical means, they clean the walls of the shaft, and then, using a high-pressure mud pump, they clean the water-bearing lens.

To understand why well cleaning requires such a comprehensive approach, it is necessary to understand what can cause water pollution in a natural water supply. So, the most common factors affecting the pollution of well water are:

1. the quality of the soil in which the source is equipped;
2. operating conditions of a hydraulic structure, the reliability of protecting its water layer from sunlight, which is the cause of the development of flora (blue-green algae) and fauna (bacteria and microorganisms);
3. the quality of the arrangement of the clay castle and its tightness;
4. reliability of protection of the water layer from sewage and untreated water from nearby reservoirs.

The following signs indicate that the well urgently needs high-quality cleaning.

If you decide to make your own source of water for yourself and drilled a well, and the first layer of water is drilled, then you need to carefully consider the choice of pump. Not every unit can pump water that is contaminated with sand. It happens that the smallest particles of sand get into the pump, and this leads to its malfunction. Flushing equipment, which is done in such cases, will not help.

What type of pump is best suited for such a source and the right choice of pump

To understand which pump will function best for such a source, you need to know the characteristics and properties. In such a situation, sand deposits are an aquifer. Due to the fact that the sand has a high porosity, then, accordingly, the grains of sand move actively. It turns out that when water moves in the reservoir, enters the well and the deep pump operates, the sand rises and enters the already pumped water. Because of this, it is possible to supply dirty water from the water supply.

Such a process negatively affects the pump motor, pumping dirty water, puts heavy loads on it, which it cannot withstand for a long time, and subsequently burns out. After that, it cannot be repaired. If in doubt which pump is better to choose, then seek help from a specialist who can give good advice and advise in such a choice. You can buy a pump for a well in the online store: "World of Pumps" by clicking on the link nasos-od.com.ua

On a note! It is worth knowing that in order to provide additional protection of water and the pump itself from pollution, specialists who are engaged in drilling wells and their arrangement make a natural filter from fine gravel and pebbles. This stops the movement of sand in the well itself. A strainer is also attached to the end of the casing pipe.

Vibrating pump

Such a pump is not recommended to be immersed in wells on sand. This device is not designed to process dirty water. The pump performs oscillatory movements during operation, and this only activates the movement of grains of sand. By installing such a pump, the well can become clogged with sand, then you will have to turn to the help of specialists to flush it.

Surface pump

Designed for shallow wells, no more than nine meters, not intended for processing dirty water. Even the slightest hit of grains of sand can lead to its breakage. Surface pumps are often used for suburban areas, wells or wells with little depth.

Centrifugal pump

This type of pump is the ideal solution for a sand well. He is not afraid of sand or clay, he copes with such pollution easily, which does not harm his work, and therefore, his service life will be long.

Water enters the outlet due to the rotation of the blades. The centrifugal force that appeared inside the unit supplies water from the well to the pipe. Such a device pumps contaminated water. From user reviews, we can say that up to 1.5 kilograms of pollution is pumped per cubic meter of water. In any case, you need to install well filtration, it’s not worth the risk, since such equipment costs a lot of money.

screw pump

This is not afraid of strong pollution from sand and clay, it can pump up to two kilograms of sand per cubic meter of water. They are used both for shallow wells and for wells of great depth, it can be up to 300 meters. This does not affect the performance of this device.

Borehole pumps for water with sand allow you to get purified and high-quality water. Thanks to its own water intake source, the owner of the site will not depend on a centralized water supply.

Sand wells are the most common sources, as they are located on the first layer. This design requires careful selection of the pump. The resulting water will initially be heavily polluted with sand, so not every unit will be able to pump it efficiently. This will create an additional load on the pump, so the sand source requires the use of special powerful equipment.

The aquifer is represented by sand deposits. The porosity of the material is large, and therefore the mobility of each grain of sand is also high. Sandy water flow creates an additional load on the pump. The device cannot pump dirty water for a long time, so it burns out quickly. It is beyond repair. What to do in such a situation? The reasons for the rapid failure of equipment is a poor-quality pump.

Specialists in the field of water supply have developed a method for additional protection of water and equipment from sand. When arranging a hydraulic structure, a natural filter made of fine crushed stone or pebbles is used. This is a good way to stop any sand scouring or movement throughout the well. For greater efficiency, a mesh type of filter is mounted at the end of the casing pipe.

Machine description

The sand pump is a single-stage and centrifugal equipment. The main task of this design is the pumping of abrasive slurries, waters with various impurities. But for effective pumping, a liquid must have certain properties.

The pumped solution must have:

• certain temperature (+5…60°С);
• density up to 1300 kg/m³;
• content of solid inclusions (up to 25%);
• maximum microhardness up to 9,000 MPa.

Feedback on such pumps is positive. The sand aggregate is able to work for a long time. It is used in metallurgy, mining, construction enterprises. Such an installation is easily used to clean the trench. A pump for pumping silt or sand can simultaneously perform several tasks:

• clean the trench for its subsequent filling;
• remove sludge, silt, clay, waste;
• clean caissons during construction work;
• restore coastal areas;
• pump out marble dust;
• purify various reservoirs;
• extract sandy elements from the bottom of the reservoir;
• pump out sand from various wells and wells;
• destroy gold mining tailings.

The pump cannot be used for pumping, pumping water and other cleaning work in fire and explosive conditions.

Aggregate classification

Taking into account the throughput of solid particles, pumps are divided into several types:

• gummed - pass particles up to 2 mm;
• corundum - particles up to 1 mm;
• wear-resistant structures made of cast iron pass particles of clay, sand, silt up to 6 mm.

Another classification reflects the location of the shaft (vertical, horizontal). Type P units are cantilever horizontal structures. They are used for pumping or pumping ore beneficiation products. The robust part is made of wear-resistant cast iron. Devices maintain solution density up to 1300 kg/m³. The admissible height of the cavitation reserve is 2 m. The designer must not fall below this height.

Units of type PB (pumps from a well) are either horizontal or console format. But such centrifugal plants allow having a cavitation reserve of up to 5 m - this is their main feature and advantage.

The PR model from a well is distinguished by the presence of a corundum main part of the flow path. Often it is on an organic ligament. Types of pumps from the well PKVP, PRVP - cantilever, but vertical designs. This is a submersible view of installations, the supports of which are outside the pumping of liquid. Industrial model EZG slurry pump is the most advanced pump from the well, the durable part of which is wear-resistant rubber.

Surface and submersible units: pros and cons

The pump can be surface or submersible. What is their difference? Surface view - a powerful design that has a rotor. The main task is to pump water or sludge by sucking them through the working chamber. Such a borehole pump can lift slurry from a depth of up to 10 m. The advantages of such a pump:

• easy transportation of liquids over long distances;
• reliability.

Such installations have a number of disadvantages:

• high level of noise and vibration;
• inability to use if the well is deep and wide.

A dredging well slurry pump is a submersible model designed to pump water specifically for a well or well. Before starting work, the structure is immersed under the very thickness of the water. She is there until the completion of all work. Such a device quickly and efficiently pumps water with sand. The advantage lies in working at serious depths of a well or well. The exact data and characteristics are individual, depending on the brand of the manufacturer and model of the equipment.

Design advantages:

• the electric pump is small in size and weight;
• can work for a long time without maintenance;
• can be used in deep wells;
• high performance and efficiency;
• the presence of protection against drainage;
• can work in automatic mode when working with a high content of sand in the water.

Surface pumps are used for dirty water. Drilling is carried out from the depth of work and cost.

This unit is suitable for operation at shallow depths (up to 8 m).

Other types of pumps

The vibrating pump is a submersible equipment that is not applicable to sand wells. Its technical indicators do not imply the processing of dirty water. There is a risk of partial or complete sanding of the installation. This requires thorough flushing and pumping with the help of professionals.

The centrifugal installation is a submersible mechanism. Its action is based on the injection of water into the outlet due to the rotation of the working blades. The main role in this functioning is played by centrifugal force, while water is supplied with high pressure from the well to the water pipe.

Experts advise using submersible centrifugal devices for water with sand. Their feature lies in the good ability to pump dirty water. The performance of these designs include pumping fluid with inclusions. But you should not experiment on your own with the endurance of the unit.

The screw submersible pump is capable of pumping sand. It works on the principle of Archimedes (the work of a meat grinder). The screw-type submersible pump is easily mounted in deep wells (up to 300 m). Before purchasing it, you need to study the following parameters:

• average daily volume of water consumed by families;
• well depth;
• parameters of the casing pipe of the source itself;
• well flow rate.

Based on these data, the user can choose a device that is suitable for the planned water well.