Do-it-yourself gas water heating of a private house. Natural water circulation

Water heating a private house is a popular, but rather expensive pleasure, because you need to buy pipes, radiators, a boiler, etc. Therefore, we will save on installation, and our article will help you with this.

Why water heating?

Water acts as a carrier, and its heat capacity is 4000 times greater than that of air, and it belongs to the cheapest and most accessible resources. But there is, and not one, a fly in the ointment. The installation process cannot be classified as simple, and if you plan to install a gas boiler, then you need an appropriate permit, plan, etc. In addition, it is possible to carry out work only at the construction stage. And if you need to organize floor heating, then the scheme becomes even more complicated.

Still such heating demands the constant control. If you are going to leave housing for a long period in winter, then the carrier should be drained. Otherwise, when sub-zero temperature it will turn into ice and simply break the pipeline. Everyone knows that water contains various impurities that contribute to the corrosion of metal elements that any system contains. And salt deposits on the inside of the pipes prevent free flow and impair heat transfer. And finally, if a special release valve is not installed, air pockets may occur in the system. They also significantly reduce efficiency.

Types of structures for heating a house

Heating with water as a carrier has a very simple principle of operation, and its design consists of three main components: a heating element (boiler), a pipeline through which the liquid passes, and radiators. The latter heat up and give off heat to the environment. The coolant gradually cools down and, having passed a circle through the system, returns back to the boiler, and the cycle repeats again.

There are two ways to regulate the microclimate. The first is to set the boiler to the desired temperature, the second is to change the coolant flow in a particular radiator using a special tap. They are installed at the input of each battery. In addition, it occurs automatic adjustment by means of a thermostat. If a two-pipe system is installed in the house, then a bypass must be installed in front of each tap or thermostat.

Still systems are divided into natural and forced. In the first case, the heating functions independently of electricity, and the design itself is extremely simple. The liquid flows through the pipes due to the temperature difference without the help of any pump. Hot water has a lower density and weight, therefore it tends to rise, and when it cools down, it compacts and returns back to the heater. Minuses:

• a large number of pipes;
• the diameter of the pipeline must ensure natural circulation;
• it is impossible to use modern radiators with a small cross section.

In forced systems, the circulation of the coolant occurs due to the operation of the pump, and all excess liquid enters expansion tank. A pressure gauge is provided to control the pressure. The advantages include a small coolant consumption. Also here you can install pipes of any diameter, including small ones. The system is highly efficient. There is only one drawback - the dependence of the pump on electricity.

What could be the distribution?

We already know the types of water heating systems for private houses, but before considering the installation features with our own hands, we should talk in more detail about the schemes: discuss what they are, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each option. The wiring can be top or bottom, horizontal and vertical, as well as combined.

There are single-pipe systems in which heating devices are connected in series, and the liquid passes through each of them in turn. Naturally, it gradually cools down, and in order to compensate for this temperature difference, resistors with a large number of sections should be installed at the end of the line. In two-pipe systems, devices are connected to the riser in parallel. Advantages - quick temperature control and more uniform heating of housing. The collector arrangement of pipes is characterized by the presence of two connected pipelines (supply and return). In this case, full control of all batteries is possible.

Attention should be paid to the popular water heating scheme in private homes, which includes additional floor heating, and by installing such a system with your own hands, you get very tangible savings. In this case, radiators can act as the main heating elements or additional ones.

If the underfloor heating system does not function throughout the house, but only in some areas, then a thermostatic valve must be installed in each individual circuit. This device reduces the temperature of the liquid returning from the system. The thermostatic head reacts to the temperature of the water, and if it is too hot, the valve closes. When the location of the warm floor is far from the collector, special valves should be preferred. They can be placed in a wall box, and thanks to structural features they are easy to connect. A deaeration valve is also installed together. This method is good if the floor area does not exceed 15 squares.

But when the house is heated mainly through underfloor heating, and radiators play only an additional role, then the system consists of two separate functioning units. Each subsystem must be equipped with a pump. To reduce the temperature of the coolant under the floor surface, it is necessary to use a three-way mixing valve. This device also regulates the heating power. And the thermostats installed on them monitor the heating of the radiators.

Installation and safety requirements

In this paragraph, we will consider how to conduct water heating with our own hands.

How to make water heating of a private house with your own hands - step by step diagram

Step 1: Project

First, select the appropriate scheme and display it on paper. Consider the areas of the rooms, the position of radiators, pipelines, their dimensions, etc. Such a sketch will help to correctly calculate the number Supplies. Special programs will greatly simplify all calculations.

Step 2: Accessories

Let's briefly consider what a boiler, batteries and pipes can be. Types of heating units, depending on the fuel used, are gas, electric, and combined. The favorite among these options can rightly be called gas devices. Water boilers come with a pump (for a forced heating scheme for a private house) or without it (natural circulation), and both types can be installed with your own hands. The double-circuit unit has proven itself well, providing not only heat in the house, but also hot water.

Radiators are divided into steel, cast iron, bimetallic and aluminum.

They will please you with the price, but at the same time they are subject to corrosion, and if you plan to drain the coolant, then the service life will be significantly reduced. Cast iron, on the contrary, can be said to be an eternal material. It takes a long time to heat up, but it also keeps warm. long time. But big weight, not too attractive appearance and high price significantly reduced the popularity of this material. For changing cast iron batteries aluminum arrived. Their appearance is very attractive, they heat up quickly and are resistant to corrosion. However, aluminum does not tolerate sudden changes in pressure. Bimetallic resistors are famous for their excellent heat dissipation, however, the anti-corrosion properties remain the same as those of aluminum.

The steel pipeline has lost its former glory due to the short operating life. It was replaced by modern polypropylene. Easy installation, the ability to create a "one-piece" design, reasonable cost and reliability - all these are undeniable advantages. good performance they also have copper pipes, but not everyone can afford their cost.

Step 3: Boiler

Water heating in a private house is built in such a way that the carrier is heated by a boiler. This scheme is the most optimal in the absence of a centralized supply. Therefore, when choosing a place where to install the boiler, one should take into account the location of the gas pipeline inlet or the presence of electrical wiring. If we are talking about a solid fuel unit, then you need to produce additional installation chimney. If you prefer the natural circulation of the coolant, then position the heating unit so that the return line is as low as possible. In this case, the basement is ideal.

Step 4: Mounting the Heatsinks

Batteries are placed under windows or near doorways. The mounting design depends on the material of the resistors and the number of sections. The heavier they are, the more reliable fixation they need. A gap of at least 10 cm should be left between the batteries and window sills, more than 6 cm should be left to the floor. By installing shut-off valves on each element, you can regulate the amount of coolant in the batteries, and the air valve will help avoid unwanted traffic jams.

Step 5: Wiring

The boiler will be the starting point for the installation of the pipeline. In this case, you should adhere to the scheme chosen and sketched on paper. If the pipes are visible, then we are talking about open wiring. On the one hand, the aesthetic side suffers, and on the other hand, any leak will remain in sight, and in order to replace the damaged element, you do not need to disassemble the box. The pipeline can also be hidden, bricked up in the wall, made of plasterboard, etc. At this stage, batteries, additional equipment (pump, filters, safety unit, expansion tank, etc.) are connected.

Hooray! You erected the walls of the future house, equipped the roof and thought. Do-it-yourself heating of a private house - is it possible? What will be the heating scheme? Although, most likely, you study the issue in advance. So let's decide now what kind of heating will be in the house.
Almost certainly a heating method has been chosen, but let's spend a couple of minutes considering alternatives, what if? ..

Types of heating.

Geo- and solar thermal heating. Heating the house with the help of the heat of the earth and the energy of the sun. In the vast majority of cases, these methods are not applicable, they will pay off for a long time, so we will not dwell on them.
Steam heating. Water is heated by a boiler until it turns into steam. main pipes supplied to the radiators. There it gives off heat, and returning to a liquid state, it falls back into the boiler. This system is used in enterprises. For a private house - unacceptable due to bulkiness. And don't forget about safety. A steam boiler is not a very reliable thing, and the steam temperature is 115 ° C.
Air, infrared heating. A heat source, such as an infrared radiator, heats the air, which is directed directly or through ducts into the rooms. The heat source is powered by natural gas. Fans are used to improve air circulation. It is used for heating workshops at enterprises, it is not suitable for a residential building. Dry air will not create comfort in the house. Yes, this system is expensive.

Now closer to the realities of life.

Electric heating. To create heating, convectors, "warm floors", electric infrared heaters and their combinations are used.
Convectors - These are the same radiators, only heated with electricity. The convector has a metal case, the surface temperature is not more than 60°C. Grills are placed on the body, directing air flows down and to the sides. Convectors are protected from overheating and power surges.
Creating a heating scheme using convectors is cheaper than water heating, because there is neither a boiler nor main networks. In addition, there are movable convectors, this allows you to change the heating scheme.

The simplest calculation required amount appliances is conducted from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, by 1 square meter rooms require 100 W of thermal power. For example, the area of ​​​​the house is 200 square meters. m. So, it is required thermal power 100 W x 200 = 20,000 W. You have chosen a convector with a power of 2000 W. Number of items 20,000/2000 = 10 pieces.
Warm floor - heat the room from the bottom up. The heat is coming in the right direction and evenly over the entire area. For the installation of a warm floor inside the screed, a system is created heating elements, most often electrical. electrical element- tube or conductive film. For the sake of justice, let's say that warm floors can be water.

Advice. Do not install water heated floors in high-rise building. In the event of a leak, you won’t get any trouble, opening them is a problem, plus repairing flooded neighbors from below.

Infrared ceiling heaters . New interesting technical solution space heating. The heat from the heater located at the top of the room is not transferred to the air, but directly to the objects in the room. Heaters of this principle have a high efficiency. Their location does not reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

In conclusion, a couple of fly in the ointment electric heating. Heating a house with electricity is more expensive than gas and power outages happen much more often than with gas.

Water heating. The system is simple, reliable and cheap to operate. One downside is the cost of creating it. Further in the article, we will consider it.

Water heating. Operating principle. Construction elements.

The scheme is closed loop built around the heater - the boiler. Water radiators are used as heat transfer elements. Water, heated in the boiler to a temperature of approximately 75 ° C, enters the heating circuit. Giving heat to the surrounding air with the help of radiators, the cooled water enters the boiler again for further heating. Further, the cycle is repeated.

Depending on the type of fuel, boilers are divided into:

• gas,
• solid fuel,
• liquid fuel,
• electrical.

gas boilers Most Popular. This is due to their efficiency and relative cheapness. natural gas. The range of models allows you to choose a boiler for every taste, for solving any task. Disadvantages - installation and installation of the boiler can only be carried out by a specialized organization. The second drawback is that your area must be gasified, it is very expensive to use gas in cylinders.
Solid fuel boilers are heated by coal, peat, pallets. The downside is obvious - the fuel must be constantly loaded and stored somewhere. But if there is no gas, then the choice decreases.
Oil boilers have a number of serious shortcomings. The main one is the cost of fuel. And every day the cost is increasing. In addition, when the fuel is burned, a very noticeable smell is released. Storage requires a special tank.

Perhaps, when choosing a boiler, a table of calorific value of different types of fuel will help you.

Electric boilers - connected to centralized electrical network. The disadvantage is the high compared to gas boiler fuel cost.

A few words about what boiler power you need. If you do not want to go into cumbersome calculations, then it can be estimated using a table.

House area, sq. m. Boiler power, kW
60-200 to 25
200-300 25-35
300-600 35-60
600-1200 60-100

There are models of boilers that can use several types of fuel. For example, gas and coal.
For the device of the highway (circuit) through which water will circulate, steel, stainless and polypropylene pipes are used. The latter became the undisputed leader.
They are cheap, with enviable heat resistance and strength, sufficient for a heating device in a residential building. Purchase better reinforced polypropylene pipes, they are durable and have a lower coefficient of linear expansion when heated, which means they do not deform during service.

Radiators of water heating are:

• cast iron,
• steel,
• aluminum,
• bimetallic.

Cast iron - the most deserved type of radiators. They heat up slowly, but keep the heat well. Very heavy, fragile and somewhat more expensive than steel, but the service life is up to 50 years and they are not afraid of rust.
Steel - budget type of radiators. Possess high efficiency and low price. Warm up quickly. Minus - they are afraid of corrosion.
Aluminum radiators - lightweight, mounted on less durable brackets, compared to cast iron and steel. They warm up quickly, and in terms of heat transfer they are superior to other heating devices. Cheapness and modern design attract a lot of supporters of this type of radiators. The disadvantages include a short service life (up to 15 years), fear of corrosion and water hammer.

Bimetallic - combine strength steel radiators and heat dissipation of aluminum. They are a tubular structure made of steel, sometimes reinforced with a steel frame, on which an aluminum shell is placed. They warm up quickly, give off heat well, keep water hammer, the richness of modern design, ease of installation - this is a list of their advantages. Minus - high price.

Schemes of water heating.

Single loop system. The water heated by the boiler flows sequentially to all radiators, losing temperature in each of them in turn. Lastly, it may not be low enough.

The advantage is the cheapness of the scheme. Only one loop is created, labor and material costs are lower. The disadvantage is the uneven heating, due to the sequential scheme. To some extent, we can eliminate the disadvantage by forced circulation using a pump. More on this a little further.

Dual circuit diagram. The heated water flows immediately to all radiators in parallel, the cooled water flows along a different circuit. By installing taps on each of the radiators, we get the opportunity to exclude any element from the system.

The main advantage is the uniform heating of all radiators. The disadvantage is that the creation of a second circuit will cost more.
Collector scheme. In it, each radiator has its own supply and return circuits, which are connected by a collector.

Advantages - aesthetic appearance, the ability to adjust the temperature in any room using distribution board(possible electronic control).

Scheme of forced circulation. A distinctive feature is the use of a water pump. The pump allows you to create extra pressure in the system, ensuring a uniform supply to the second and third floors of your home. The system is undemanding to the slope of the pipes.

Heating system installation.

In the process of building a house, it is necessary to provide technological holes for laying heating pipes. The sequence of installation is determined by your desire and construction technology.
Let's start with the boiler.

Attention! Once again, we remind you that only a specialized organization can connect the boiler to the gas network.

As soon as the wall decoration is ready, we install radiators. We set the radiators strictly horizontally, according to the level.

Did you know that the noise of the batteries, which sometimes interferes with sleep, is caused by a misalignment of the radiators? Due to the skew, an air pocket is created that generates this "music".

One of the main indicators of the well-being of a home is the quality of the organization of heating. Therefore, to solve the problem of how to make heating in a private house, you should comprehensively study the existing heating schemes. This will allow you to create an efficient heating system quickly, efficiently and at lower cost.

The principle of operation of water heating of a private house

The essence of the operation of the heating system, in which the coolant is water, is to heat it in the heating device and move it to the devices that transfer heat to the premises. The transfer of thermal energy can be carried out using radiators, convectors or by installing underfloor heating. Water heated to a certain temperature, moving through them, returns to the heater in a chilled form. In this device, the coolant is heated, and the cycle is repeated.

Until some time, the movement of the coolant occurred solely due to the laws of physics. When conducting a modern heating system, pumps are used that create water circulation. This technical solution led to an increase in the efficiency of the heating unit and increased the efficiency of its operation by reducing the volume of the heated coolant.

For two-story house have their own characteristics

Heat generators produced by modern manufacturers are high-tech units. They are characterized by high performance and economy. The heating system complex includes pumps that ensure the movement of water, a tank necessary to dump part of the heated liquid, and automation that monitors the safe operation and comfortable operation of the equipment.

The main elements of the heating system

To heat the coolant, a boiler is used, the type of which determines design features the entire heating system in the house. Heating devices with natural draft should be installed in specially equipped rooms - boiler rooms, since their normal operation requires the creation of a chimney.

Boiler equipment equipped with forced draft can be installed where it is convenient.

The necessary air is supplied through coaxial inlets, which are equipped with electric fans. Boilers are very popular, providing not only floor installation, but also the possibility of mounting on the wall.

Installing radiators or convectors involves placing them under windows. This is due to the fact that it is in these places that heat leakage can occur. The heating element in some systems can be a warm floor.

Having decided on the type and type of the heater and heat-removing devices, as well as the place of their installation, pipes are laid out. To create the required microclimate in the premises of the house and effective work heating systems must be carefully planned and calculated all the nuances of the design and its elements for each room.

Heating system with natural circulation

Conducting heating in a private house using natural circulation provides for the movement of the coolant through the system in accordance with the laws of physics. The movement of water becomes possible due to the difference in its densities when various temperatures, which is also facilitated by the design features of the mutual position of the elements of the system.

A riser exits from the heat generator, through which the coolant is supplied in a hot state to the collector. After that, it moves to the radiators, moving along which it transfers heat to the premises.

Then cold coolant from all heating appliances is fed into one pipe, through which it enters the boiler again. Above the riser, carrying out the supply, placed expansion tank. With its help, excess liquid is received, which is formed during expansion during the heating process, and air is also removed from the system.

When installing heating in a private house, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• boiler equipment should have some power reserve;
• for creating better conditions for the movement of water, the supply riser must be insulated;
• nai the best place to place the boiler is a point in the house that has minimum height: basement or pit;
• the riser, distribution pipeline and return must be made of pipes with a large diameter, and their installation must provide for a certain slope in the direction of fluid movement;
• for the expansion tank and manifold, the best location is the attic;
• in order to increase the durability of the heating system in the summer, the coolant should not be removed from it.

The natural circulation of the coolant is simple and independent of other energy sources.

However, low efficiency makes it impossible efficient heating houses with a significant volume. The presence of open wiring reduces the aesthetics of the interior.

Heating system with forced circulation

The creation of a heating system in the house, which provides for forced circulation of the coolant, is necessary if the power of the heat-generating equipment does not allow achieving the required temperature difference. In this case, a pump is used to create the required pressure to move the fluid through the pipes. It creates a forced circulation of the coolant in a given direction and reduces the loss of thermal energy.

The presence of a pump in the heating system allows you to create the necessary microclimate in houses of various heights with a large area.

In addition, it is possible to adjust temperature regime individually in each room and floor, as well as use pipes with a smaller diameter. This allows you to get significant savings in the installation and operation of the system.

The main disadvantage of organizing home heating in this way is the need for electricity.

When installing this heating system, the recommendations of specialists should be taken into account:

• the connection of the expansion tank and the pump must be carried out to the return;
• the use of pipes with a smaller diameter will reduce the volume of the coolant and save money when performing installation work;
• boiler equipment must have modern design and provide for automation.

One-pipe heating scheme

With single-pipe wiring, the movement of the coolant occurs sequentially from one radiator to another, following it. In this case, heat transfer occurs in each of them. The use of this scheme allows you to achieve significant cost savings during its installation, as it reduces the need for pipes and other costs associated with it.

The system is not perfect and has a number of disadvantages:

• there is no possibility of individual regulation of heat transfer of each radiator;
• each subsequent battery has less thermal energy.

To create the possibility of individually regulating the operation of radiators, the so-called Leningrad scheme was developed. It provides, in contrast to the traditional one-pipe system, a bypass pipe and the installation of shut-off valves on all batteries.

This design makes it possible to cut off heating devices without compromising the operation of the entire system.

Two-pipe heating scheme

Application two-pipe system home heating allows you to solve the problem of individual regulation of heating devices. This is achieved by connecting each of the radiators to both the supply and return. Such a constructive solution leads to a greater consumption of materials. But the possibility of creating the required microclimate in each room fully compensates for this shortcoming.

The installation of a vertical two-pipe heating system allows the implementation of an upper or lower wiring coming from the boiler.

Vertical system with bottom wiring

The device of this system is as follows:

• Below the first floor or basement from the heat generator is the main line.
• From it risers are conducted, which lead to radiators.
• Each battery is equipped with a pipe, which is designed to drain the coolant that has lost its temperature back to the heating device.

When implementing a circuit with a lower wiring, it should be possible to remove air from the system. This is done by installing a special air pipe. In addition, the system must be equipped with an expansion tank and Mayevsky taps on each of the batteries. top floor building.

Vertical system with top wiring

When implementing this scheme, the coolant is supplied by the main pipeline to the highest point of the house. The coolant moves down through several risers and passes through all the radiators. The liquid, having given off heat, moves along the line to the boiler.

The design of the heating system provides for the arrangement of an expansion tank, which is necessary to remove air that occurs in the system. The use of this wiring option allows you to use the energy carrier more efficiently, since an increase in pressure in the system is possible.

Horizontal heating system

To organize heating in a private house, it is preferable to use a two-pipe system, in which the circulation of the energy carrier is forced. You can implement it according to one of the schemes.

dead end

With its use, the need for materials is reduced. The significant length of the heating circuit is the main disadvantage of this option. This circumstance is an obstacle to the regulation of the system.

With passing water movement

The length of the heating circuits simplifies the regulation of the system. The cost of construction increases due to the increase in the number of pipes. Besides, similar design does not decorate the interior.

Collector distribution

In this case, the radiators are connected individually to the collector. Uniform distribution of heat in the premises of the house is achieved without difficulty when using this scheme. At the same time, the labor intensity and the need for materials increase significantly. Installation of pipes in concrete screed significantly improves the interior of the premises, which leads to an increase in the popularity of this option among developers.

Heating according to the underfloor heating scheme

AT recent times there is a tendency to use a combination heating systems one of which is underfloor heating. Modern boiler equipment has technical capability implementation of such a project.

The organization of a warm floor with a liquid heat carrier has several advantages:

• Uniform heating of the lower part of the room, where the living space of a person is located, is carried out. The relevance of such a system increases when using a warm floor in high rooms. Under these conditions, the savings can be 50%.
• Heat transfer occurs by radiation, which is more favorable for humans.
• The decrease in the concentration of dust in the room air is reduced due to the absence of convective heat transfer.
• The attractive appearance of the room provides a visual absence of heating devices.

Water heating is the most common method of manufacturing individual heating of apartments and houses. Anyone can make water heating with their own hands. It is worth considering the sequence of work, starting from design and purchase building material and ending with the launch of a ready-made system.

Warmth in the house. Where to take it from?

Several boilers can act as a heat source for water heating, namely:

1. A gas boiler.
2. Liquid fuel boiler.
3. Solid fuel boiler.
4. Electric boiler.
5. Wood boiler.

It should be noted that the choice of a boiler largely depends on your capabilities. However, there is one rule that must be considered when choosing a boiler - this is its power. The boiler output must be without fail exceed the heat loss of housing by 20%. Accordingly, you need to calculate all the heat losses that occur in the openings of windows, doors, roofs, etc. Already starting from this, you should choose a boiler with one or another power.

coolant circulation. Schema selection

Before starting installation work, it is necessary to decide on the choice of a water circulation scheme. There are three types of it:

Forced system coolant circulation is carried out by means of circulation pump. Moreover, their number can be unlimited: one, two or three. Using such water system heating, you can increase the efficiency by 30%. Using a circulation pump will allow you not to observe a certain slope of pipes when laying them. But on the other hand, the system will be completely dependent on electricity. It should be remembered that it must be closed type at an operating pressure of 1.5 bar.

Concerning natural circulation, then it is fully tested and is a reliable method of heating a home. In this case, the slope of the pipe during installation is strictly observed, within 3-5 °. If this is ignored, then the water heating system will be inefficient, or rather, it will not work at all. Most often it is used for systems with solid fuel boilers, although there are options with gas boilers.

Well combined circulation system(KSC) implies the ability of a water heating system to work both forcedly and naturally. For example, if electricity is cut off during the heating season, the system can be switched to natural circulation. For this reason, despite the possibility of installing pumps, the installation of pipes must be carried out at an angle. In most cases, combined scheme heating is used in combination with solid fuel boilers.

The choice of radiators

An important factor in preparing the installation of a water heating system is the choice of equipment. The main component of heating is radiators. Their choice must be made based on their power or heat transfer. In most cases, the main power characteristic is indicated in the instructions attached to the battery itself. It is also necessary to determine the number of sections for a particular room. All this can be calculated in the project. It is desirable that the radiator is closed most window opening. This will artificially create thermal curtain. Moreover, it will prevent fogging of windows and drafts. An important factor is the operating pressure of the batteries. Although this figure plays an important role in centralized system heating, and with individual - it does not really matter.

So, there are several most common types of radiators. They are made from a variety of materials: aluminum, steel, cast iron and bimetal. The latter combines aluminum and steel.

aluminum radiators. This is one of the most common and at the same time affordable radiators. They have good heat dissipation per unit area. In most cases, such radiators have separate sections, so they can be combined, adding sections depending on the needs of the room. As for their operation, aluminum is enough soft material For this reason, extreme care must be taken when transporting them. Moreover, when installing shut-off valves, it is very easy to strip the thread.

Steel radiators. As for this type of batteries for water heating of premises, in this case it is impossible to increase the sections. Exist big choice steel radiators in terms of width and height. Their high heat dissipation can be noted.

Cast iron radiators. This type radiators are distinguished by their durability. Lovers of vintage style appreciate them with dignity original look. Cast iron radiators heat up for a long time, and also cool down for a long time. Based on requirements modern system wiring, as well as the use of thermal heads, their use is irrational.

Bimetal radiators. As for this type of batteries, they have separate sections. They are made of steel and covered with aluminum. Due to this, high strength and, accordingly, the duration of operation are achieved.

Heating system configuration. Two-pipe and one-pipe

According to its specificity, the heating system can be divided into:

• one-pipe and two-pipe. The two-pipe system is organized according to the principle of supplying two pipes to the battery, namely return and supply. As for the one-pipe system, one pipe is laid. Two pipes are extended from it to each battery, one pipe supplies water, the other drains accordingly.
• closed and open system heating. Opened at the top point, it has an expansion tank that receives heated water, which expands when heated. Thanks to the open barrel, natural circulation is formed.

Note! Modern heating boilers equipped with a closed barrel. In this case, it is completely sealed. If expansion is necessary, then it is carried out using a diaphragm. The closed drum system works exclusively in forced mode using a circulation pump. Thereby metal parts systems due to the lack of contact of water with air do not rust. Their differences are that closed systems electronically controlled, and open ones are characterized by the simplicity of the device.

Having made a decision regarding all of the above issues, you can proceed with the installation work, namely the installation of the boiler, radiators, valves and heating pipes. Now about everything sequentially.

The principle of installation. Boiler installation

Installation of heating in any case begins with the installation of the boiler. As a rule, the place for its installation should be easily accessible for the supply of pipes to it. If a gas boiler is selected, then it should be installed near the gas source. As for the electric boiler, the possibility of laying the cable plays a big role here. Well, in cases where they are installed solid fuel boilers, then they are guided by the location of the chimney. The installation height of the boiler is of fundamental importance only for water heating systems, which are based on the principle of natural circulation. In this case, it is important that the return line is as low as possible. If you bought a wall-mounted boiler, then its installation is carried out on special mounting strips, which are fixed to the wall with anchors or dowels. If floor - then it is placed on stationary legs.

Mounting

So, before starting the laying of pipes, it is necessary to install all purchased radiators in place. In most cases, the place of their installation is under the window and near the entrance to the apartment. The type of radiator you bought will depend on the installation method. Accordingly, if the radiator is heavy, then the mount should be selected more powerful. Exist general rules how to properly install radiators. To do this, it is important to use a level, since their installation requires an ideal horizontal line. The minimum distance from the floor should be 60 mm, and from the window sill at least 100 mm. You should also connect to the radiator all the necessary shut-off valves, which will allow you to turn off and dismantle the radiator if necessary.

When the radiator is installed, it must be connected correctly. Connection again will depend on the type of batteries. If they are panel, then they have only two exits, and special choice no. In another case, if the radiator is sectional, then there are already four holes. If you decide on a single-pipe heating system, then it is best to use the lower holes. If you use one upper one, then as a result, the cooled dense water will stagnate in the radiator.

In the event that you decide to use a two-pipe heating system, then you can choose several options. For example, you can use both holes on the same side. At the same time, water will flow into the upper one, and leave into the lower one. In this embodiment, it is possible to mount a bypass, which is a jumper between the outlet and inlet pipes.

Note! There is a diagonal connection option. However, such a connection is preferable when using long batteries consisting of at least ten sections. The result will be as follows: the warm water inlet is at the top left and the outlet is at the bottom right.

Installation of taps and thermal head

Having decided how to connect the radiator, consider installing taps. The crane is installed at the entrance and exit. In most cases, they will be useful in the event of an accident, moreover, they can regulate the level of heat transfer. If you are using a one-pipe system, then with the help of taps you can adjust the temperature of all radiators evenly. Thermal heads can be of great benefit, which turn off the coolant supply when the set air temperature is reached. However, you will not see the temperature scale on it, the maximum is notches or numbers. By experiment, you can adjust the thermal head to the desired temperature.

Their particular benefit is felt in those rooms or rooms where there is a risk of overheating. How to explain it? For example, you heat your two-storey house by the two-pipe method. In this case, the coolant warms up first of all the radiator installed in a small dressing room on the second floor, and only then descends to the first in big room. Accordingly, until the temperature on the first floor reaches required level, the second will be "Tashkent". However, if thermal heads are installed there, then overheating of a particular room is prevented. Heat will be redirected to a colder room, and for a certain time one temperature will be stable there.

Now that the boiler, batteries are installed, and the thermal heads and bypasses are mounted, you can begin the installation of pipes. However, first we will consider which pipes are better to choose, and then we will talk about the technology of their installation.

Pipe selection

So, which pipes to choose for water heating? Today there are several options, each in its own way the best. However, when it comes to prices, there is a wide range. For example, copper pipes can be called the best option for heating. They have a number of advantages, and not only pipes will be able to compete with them on an equal footing. But there is one big drawback - not everyone is ready to pay big money for them, moreover, to make heating installation from copper pipes alone will be difficult. This also applies to metal pipes, which are quite expensive and troublesome to install. However, there is one best option, namely polypropylene pipes.

Note! The polypropylene pipe and all fittings must be marked PH25. This plastic is reinforced. Its presence allows you to keep the pipes unchanged when heated.

Reinforcement on polypropylene pipes can be made of metal or fiberglass. Fiberglass pipes are in great demand. They are easier to install, as they are soldered using special equipment.

There is more cheap option – metal-plastic pipes. They have thin layer foil or metal. This reinforcement is in the middle between two layers of plastic. It is best to buy pipes in which the reinforcement is closer to the middle, as they will be much easier to solder. If the foil is located closer to the outer wall, then before soldering it will be necessary to strip the foil or buy compression fittings, which will be much more expensive.

The sequence of piping and installation of additional equipment

Regardless of what type of pipes you bought, you need to start installing them from the boiler. First, the boiler is tied, and then with the help of special tees, angles and other connections, the entire pipeline is installed from the radiator to the radiator. It should be noted that there are two wiring methods, hidden and external. Hidden means drowning pipes into the wall. To do this, ditches are pre-drilled, which are then smeared. Open wiring speaks for itself - the pipes remain on the surface.

As the wiring is carried out - batteries that already have shutoff valves are connected, another one is being installed necessary equipment. For example, it can be a circulation pump, a hydraulic storage tank, an air valve, filters, safety blocks, an expansion tank, etc. The completeness of the equipment will depend on whether your heating system is one-pipe or two-pipe.

This is how the installation of water heating is carried out. At first glance, it is very difficult. However, if there is a strong desire, it will help to understand all the schemes, connection technologies, and the choice of material - batteries, boiler, pipes. If you have already made this or that heating system, then we will be glad to receive your valuable recommendations in the form of comments to this article. Conversely, if you have questions or encounter a problem, please contact us.

A photo

Two-pipe with natural circulation

A country house is the dream of every city dweller. This type of real estate has a lot of advantages over an apartment, ranging from the absence of noisy neighbors to the picturesque surrounding landscapes. But one of the fundamental advantages of living outside the city is still the ability to choose and implement the most productive and inexpensive heating system.

The most common and popular heating scheme for a private cottage today is water heating with a lower wiring. Of course, since its inception a hundred years ago, it has undergone significant changes and modernization, acquired several modifications, and therefore there is plenty to choose from. Moreover, of all existing schemes it is water that is distinguished by the most optimal combination of “price-efficiency” parameters.

Home water heating systems: heat generators, features

The basis of the water heating scheme of a private house is a fuel unit - a boiler. As a rule, the choice of one or another type of heat generators is selected depending on the mass of parameters, including the personal preferences of property owners, the characteristics of the region and the availability of one or another type of fuel.

Often, all kinds of solid and liquid fuel units, gas or electrical devices. It should be noted that the most popular in our country are solid fuel and gas boilers, since fuel for them has the most affordable cost and, importantly, it is affordable - it is common in all regions.

In addition to the boiler itself, other elements are also used in the water heating of the house. So, for example, if the house has stove heating, then a variety of coils, registers and hollow built-in elements will help to upgrade it to water. In this case, the resulting circuit can already be called a combined one, distinguished by its simplicity and increased efficiency.

There is no fundamental difference in the procedure for installing the heating system, depending on the type of boiler. Simply follow the manufacturer's instructions.

In addition, due to the fact that water heating in a private house has quite universal design, it is possible to install two or even three heat generators in parallel - this will achieve maximum performance, make the circuit completely autonomous, eliminate even the slightest risk of being left without heat in the cold winter season.

Advice. With such a parallel connection of boilers, it is important to consider the installation special system automation, which will help to ensure switching between units when the supply of one of the fuel types stops.

Water heating and natural circulation of the coolant

The most simple and affordable option water heating of a private house, which can be done without any problems and costs with your own hands. It cannot be said that the instructions for such a system do not involve any complex design and installation work, it implies the use of only available materials and accessories.

If we talk about the principle of operation, then for water heating with natural circulation of the coolant, it is extremely simple. The water heated in the boiler rises up the pipeline (due to the difference in temperature differences), gradually entering all the radiators located around the house, while the cooled water returns to the heat generator again. Provided without the use of additional equipment.

Advice. When using a scheme with natural circulation of the coolant, it is important to ensure that the main pipelines are laid with a certain slope.
Often, 3-5 degrees per 1 running meter(about 10 mm).
Otherwise, the system will work, but the efficiency will be significantly reduced, which will lead to extra costs fuel.

The wiring can be done metal pipes different diameters - the choice depends on the characteristics of the boiler and radiators. A prerequisite one can also name a decrease in the cross-section of pipes towards the most extreme point of the heating circuit - the last radiator.

The pipe through which the water heated in the boiler is supplied to the system must be installed in such a way that its slope towards the radiators is maximum. The return point to the heat generator is made as low as possible in relation to the batteries - this is done for fast and efficient circulation of the coolant. This can be done by installing a thermal unit in the basement or basement.

Another integral attribute of a natural circulation water heating scheme is an expansion tank. Unlike the boiler, such a unit is installed at the highest point of the cottage, the best option is the attic. It is possible to use hydroaccumulating tanks, but in this case it is important to ensure the installation of additional equipment, such as pressure gauges, air and safety valves.

Advice. Since in many houses the attic is not heated during the cold season, it is important to take care of the insulation of the expansion tank.
In this case, you can use heaters of the most various types, their choice in our time is extremely wide. The main requirement is impact resistance. high temperatures(up to 90C).

In addition to distributing water heating at home, plastic ones can also be used. Such pipes are easy to install, therefore, the installation time will be less.

Forced circulation in water heating systems

Another option for arranging heating country cottage- a scheme of water heating in a private house with forced circulation of the coolant. Main distinguishing feature- the presence of a special circulation pump.

The device allows you to achieve more efficient and high-quality pumping of water in the system, to ensure its supply even to the highest points of the house without loss of heat (especially good for cottages with two or three floors).

Unlike schemes with natural circulation, heating with forced movement of the coolant is not too demanding on the slope of the pipes. Yes, and the efficiency of such systems is almost 20-30% higher than those where water moves along the mains through natural circulation.

With the forced movement of the coolant, hydroaccumulating tanks are used instead of traditional ones. Since the pressure in pipes and radiators can increase up to 1.5-2 atm, it is important to provide for the installation of special safety devices: safety and air valves, pressure gauges, etc.

On both sides of the circulation pump should be located shut-off valves, due to which it is possible to ensure the shutdown of the coolant supply to the system.

The main types of water heating wiring

To date, there are several main options for piping around the house when using water heating:

• Single pipe. The so-called "Leningrad", in which one pipe connects all the heaters in the house in the direction of the coolant. Such a scheme is chosen for simplicity, minimal financial (the price of highways is generally lower) and labor costs.

But at the same time, the heating of the radiators is uneven, and it is impossible to regulate the temperature in each of the batteries;

• Two-pipe. The connection of heating radiators is made by two pipes laid parallel to the movement of water in the system.
  The advantages include the ability to quickly adjust the temperature, quick and uniform heating of the premises, accessibility;
• Collector arrangement of pipes. It has its own supply and return pipeline, connected together with the help of special distribution manifolds.
  Feature - beautiful appearance, full control over all the batteries in the house from the distribution cabinet.

The main advantages of water heating of the cottage

As you can see in the photo and video country houses on our website, water heating schemes are used quite often in our country.

There are many reasons for this widespread use:

1. The ability to perform installation work on the arrangement of home heating at any stage of construction. Moreover, even in finished house water heating is installed without any problems;

1. Water itself has excellent qualities when used as a heat transfer medium. High thermal conductivity, availability and low cost, along with unique heat capacity, make water the best choice;
2. Versatility, the ability to use different types of fuel to heat the coolant in the heating circuit;
3. Large selection of piping options in water heating schemes. You can choose a certain type depending on the mass of parameters, ranging from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cottage and ending with financial capabilities;
4. A variety of equipment for arranging home heating;
   
5. Accurate and quick adjustment of the air temperature in each of the rooms of a private house. It is provided by the installation of special equipment, namely temperature controllers and shut-off valves.

Conclusion

Today, there is simply no more affordable or effective alternative to water heating of a private house. It should be noted that every year there are more and more new thermal generators, pipelines and radiators, due to which the efficiency of the scheme is increased, while its cost is reduced by almost several times compared to other options.