Delphiniums (Delphinium): description, types and varieties. Original salad "Anthill" with sausage and corn
Delphinium - a native of Asia, Europe and North America - belongs to the buttercup family. He has long and firmly occupied one of the places of honor in the gardens of Russian flower growers.
Thanks to its impressive growth and lush pyramidal inflorescences, it goes well with other flowering plants and is often used in the design of the background in mixborders.
This perennial plant has many varieties that are usually combined common name"Cultural Delphinium". They differ in height, shape of flowers and their color - from blue, blue and purple to boiling white and pink.
Features of growing delphinium
Delphiniums grow up to one and a half meters tall and have a hollow stem. Even a small breeze can break fragile stems. Too hot sun causes discoloration of flowers. This determines the choice of a place for planting them in the garden.
The plant prefers moderate watering and neutral soil. It is better to water less often, but plentifully. For good flowering, he needs top dressing three times a season.
Pruning - required element delphinium care. He also needs a mandatory garter to the support in order to avoid breaking tall stem. The first garter should be done when the flower reaches 50-70 centimeters in height.
Important! The garter to the support must be done as the plant grows every 50 centimeters. It is better to tie with a strip of soft fabric so as not to pinch the stem.
Planting a delphinium in the ground
When landing a delphinium in open ground it is necessary to take into account some subtleties that will help the plant take root well and then give good flowering and growth.
Landing methods
Landing can be done in three ways:
- seeds
- cuttings
- The division of the bush.
Each of these methods has its own characteristics and difficulties. The main requirements that must be met when landing are as follows:
- Choose a landing site in advance, taking into account windiness and illumination.
- In autumn, prepare the soil in this place. It needs to be dug up, weeds removed as much as possible and fertilized with organic matter.
- In the spring, once again dig this place and apply fertilizer, this time mineral.
- Prepare holes 40x40 centimeters in size and up to 50 centimeters deep, located at a distance of at least 50 centimeters from each other.
- Pour drainage into the bottom of the hole.
- When planting, do not cover the root neck with buds with earth.
Important! After planting, be sure to water the flower abundantly and continue such watering for about a week.
Optimal landing time
Both spring and autumn are suitable for planting, the main thing is that young seedlings are not threatened by frost. Most gardeners prefer spring planting.
soil for the plant
Delphinium needs neutral fertile loose soil. In addition, it is desirable to drain well. Lime must be added to acidic soil (50 grams per 1 square meter). Clay soil will need to be mixed with sand, you can immediately add drainage in the form of clay shards or broken slate. It is good to add peat to sandy soil.
Planting in the spring
Delphiniums are usually planted in the spring in a place prepared in the fall. Landing is done when the last frosts have already ended, as a rule, by the end of April.
Planting in autumn
If desired, you can plant a delphinium in the fall, having prepared the ground in the same way. spring planting. The best time for autumn planting is the end of August or the beginning of September.
To get a beautiful, lush and fully blooming delphinium, it needs care. A plant left unattended will die or, at best, will not bloom.
plant location
The choice of location is very important for the delphinium. The place should be well lit, but it is very desirable that it be in the shade for two or three hours a day.
This place should not be blown by the wind, because even a flower tied to a support can break.
Pay attention to what places in the garden are the first to form clearings during the thaw. These places are contraindicated for landing a delphinium. The fact is that this plant does not have one large rhizome, but only a branched surface root system.
It tolerates even severe frosts well, but at the slightest thaw, the roots begin to rot and rot.
Important! Avoid planting the delphinium near shrubs or trees, as these can rob it of its nutrients.
Delphinium care after flowering
After the delphinium has finished blooming, you need to cut off the main peduncle, unless you plan to rob the seeds. If the peduncle is cut low (8-10 centimeters), then measures must be taken to ensure that the flower does not rot. It has a hollow stem, and water can get into it, which will lead to decay. Some gardeners use clay to "seal" the stem. You can simply bend the remaining stem to the ground.
However, you can not cut the stem so low, but remove only about 30 centimeters. All faded inflorescences should be removed immediately.
When flowering ends, it is necessary to feed the plant.
Delphinium care in autumn
In autumn, cut off all faded inflorescences. The stem and leaves gradually wither. As soon as the first frosts begin, the plant is cut off, leaving no more than 30 centimeters. Due to its frost resistance, an adult delphinium does not require any shelter for the winter, but it is better to cover young plants with foliage and spruce branches.
How to water correctly
AT rainy summer additional watering of the delphinium is not required. If the summer is too dry, the flower should be watered 1-2 times a week so that the earth does not dry out.
Abundant watering is required only for newly planted flowers within a week after planting.
Watering the delphinium should be under the root so that water does not fall on the leaves and inflorescences.
Also, abundant watering is needed during the formation of buds.
Feed the delphinium three times during the season.
- In the spring (second half of April), you need to mix superphosphate (60 grams for an adult plant), ammonium nitrate (10 grams), potassium chloride (25 grams) and ammonium sulfate (35 grams). Fertilizer should be scattered around the bush and mixed with the soil to a depth of 5-6 centimeters. Top can be sprinkled with peat.
- Budding period (beginning of June). It is necessary to feed the flower with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
- After flowering in late August, I use the same fertilizer as in spring.
Important! If there are difficulties with self-fertilization, you can use ready-made formulations for flowering plants.
Pruning delphinium
Pruning a delphinium is a mandatory procedure for its growth and flowering. It is necessary for the plant to retain its decorative effect for a long time.
Delphinium grows quickly and produces many young shoots. If they are not cut, they take a lot of strength from the plant, which is very bad for the size and number of flowers.
Trimming methods
Already in the second year of the life of the bush, young shoots must be cut out, leaving no more than five pieces of the strongest of them. You need to cut them when they grow to about 20 centimeters.
When the delphinium grows up to 30 centimeters, extra flower stalks are removed from it. Only two are left in a young, annual plant and 4-6 in an adult. Only the most powerful of them remain.
It is better to thin out the central part of the bush at the delphinium.
After flowering, you can make a cardinal pruning of the plant, removing all the stems almost under the root. Then, after a short time, the delphinium will give new shoots that will bloom for the second time in a season. In this case, flowering, of course, will be weaker than the first, but it will still decorate the garden.
Important! The delphinium gives a second flowering in a warmer climate. In moderate temperature conditions of the middle zone, it is better to prevent the second flowering, as it will weaken the plant, and this will affect its lushness in the next season.
Pruning for the winter
For the winter, all stems up to 30 centimeters are cut off and covered with clay on top.
Delphinium does not like too frequent transplants. It is best to transplant bushes aged 4-6 years. Some gardeners transplant once every 3-4 years.
Transplant methods
Repotting an old bush better in spring. It is necessary to dig out bushes that have already grown up to 15 centimeters. With a sharp knife it is divided into several parts with 2-3 shoots. The cut points are treated with charcoal.
The roots are cleared of the ground and old deformed parts are removed on them. Then the delenki are planted in pots with a mixture of fertile soil, humus and sand. Pots are best placed in a greenhouse for two weeks. And only after that the shoots are transplanted into the ground for a new one. permanent place.
After transplanting, new plants need to be fed and watered well. Preparation of a permanent place for a transplanted plant is the same as when planting.
Important! Even before transplanting open ground delphinium can throw out a peduncle. It must be removed.
Plant propagation
It is easy to propagate the delphinium; even a novice grower can do this process.
Reproduction methods
In total, there are several ways of reproduction - growing a delphinium from seeds, cuttings and dividing the bush. The simplest is propagation by seeds, the most time-consuming is cuttings.
Reproduction of delphinium seeds
Different varieties can be planted from seeds available in flower shops. You can also collect seeds from the plant.
After collection or after purchase (buy them better in autumn) the seeds must be kept for several months in a cool place, preferably in the refrigerator.
In March they can be planted. For this, a container is prepared with a mixture of humus, fertile soil and sand. The soil needs to be moistened and furrowed on it. Delphinium seeds are very small, so they do not need to be buried in the soil. You can simply scatter their grooves and sprinkle a few millimeters of earth on top.
After a month, the shoots are thinned out at a distance of about 8 centimeters from each other.
Plants are planted in open ground in May.
Important! Propagation of terry varieties by seeds will not give maternal signs in new plants.
Reproduction of the delphinium by dividing the bush
At the end of April, when the bushes have grown by 15 centimeters after winter, they are dug up and divided into several parts with 2-3 shoots each.
Propagation of delphinium by cuttings
Despite the laboriousness of the process, this method is very effective, it allows you to save the mother plant itself and its species characteristics.
It is better to propagate the delphinium with cuttings taken from young plants. To do this, in the spring, when the stems grow a little (up to about 15 centimeters), you need to cut the cuttings at the very root. For quick rooting, you can treat them with growth stimulants.
Cuttings are planted in loose fertile soil in a container that can be put in a greenhouse. If the landing is done immediately on the garden, it is better to cover the cuttings with banks. In this case, the plants need to be aired regularly.
Cuttings need light shade and watering. After 14 days, they need to be fed with complex fertilizers.
Rooting of cuttings occurs by the end of summer, then they can be planted in a permanent place.
The flowering time of the delphinium depends on the region where it is bred. In warm regions, it blooms as early as May and may give a second bloom towards the end of summer. In the temperate zone, flowering begins in June and continues into July.
The delphinium blooms with very beautiful flowers, mostly blue and blue shades. Some varieties are red, pink or white. Flowers simple, double or semi-double form long dense inflorescences.
Problems, diseases and pests in a flower
Delphiniums can be affected by fungal diseases:
- Powdery mildew. Sign - appearance on the leaves gray plaque. If left untreated, the leaves turn brown and die. Prevention - avoid getting water on the leaves or stem when watering. Treat with 1% lime sulfide.
- Downy mildew. Sign - appearance on upper leaves spots yellow color and on the lower part of the sheet in the same place of gray plaque. First of all, it is necessary to thin out the bush, and then treat it with 1% Bordeaux mixture.
- Root collar rot. A sign is yellowing of the leaves and the formation of mycelium of the fungus in the root zone. The plant is easily pulled out of the ground, as its root system will die. It is treated with a formalin solution - spraying and disinfecting the soil.
Viral infections:
- Astral jaundice. Signs - the leaves turn yellow, and the flowers acquire a greenish tint. First of all, it is necessary to destroy aphids, as carriers of infection. Sick plants are destroyed, the rest need careful loosening of the soil.
- Ring spot or mosaic. Signs - the formation of spots on the leaves of yellow or Brown, drying and falling leaves. Growth retardation. It is not subject to treatment, the plant is destroyed.
Pests:
- Delphinium fly. Lays larvae in buds. They eat the flower from the inside, so it quickly crumbles and does not produce seeds. Need spraying with hexachloran during bud formation
- Slugs. They eat leaves. Careful loosening of the soil and weeding of weeds is necessary.
Popular species (varieties)
Princess Caroline
- Very beautiful variety with pink double flowers, growing up to 2 meters in height. Large flowers can reach 10 centimeters in diameter.
pink butterfly
Delicate, similar to butterflies with spread wings, pink flowers and low growth of the bush (no more than 1 meter) make this variety especially in demand in landscape design.
snow lace
An unusually spectacular delphinium variety with snow-white flowers with a dark eye. This variety has a very pleasant aroma during flowering.
Delphinium terry
It is long lasting and lush bloom from May to August. Flowers have a wide variety of shades. Although in some places you can find even black, red and yellow delphiniums.
Delphinium is not an easy flower to care for, but you can avoid mistakes in growing it by following a few tips:
- Delphiniums are very good with organic fertilizers in particular to manure. It can be scattered under bushes in spring and autumn;
- The plant needs constant weeding from weeds and loosening the soil;
- For the prevention of fungal diseases, the delphinium is good to sprinkle the leaves with ash;
- It is better to collect seeds in dry, warm weather from slightly unripe boxes that have a brown color.
- plant life span
In one place, the delphinium grows well for the first 4-6 years. Then it must be transplanted.
- Why does the delphinium grow poorly?
Perhaps a poorly lit place in the garden is chosen. The plant should be inspected for diseases or pests that are slowing down the growth of the plant. There may be other errors in care, which are determined only empirically.
- Why do the leaves turn yellow (dry)?
Leaves may turn yellow and dry due to diseases.
Delphinium - Pretty unusual plant, which always stands out from the background of the majority due to the impressive growth and incredible beauty of its flowers. Many gardeners dream of growing this giant in their garden, which is quite easy. Nevertheless, certain subtleties in this process are still present. Today you will get acquainted with the best varieties of perennial delphinium, as well as learn all about the features of its planting, as well as care and pest control (photo instructions for caring for the plant are attached for review).
Delphinium perennial: description, characteristics of the best varieties
Delphinium is a plant of amazing beauty and durability, which belongs to the Ranunculaceae family and for many years has been “looking” at the world with wide-open eyes of its luxurious petals of blue, white or purple. The plant can reach a height of 2 m and today has more than 800 varieties.
The plant has a fairly powerful peduncle, on which there is a dense bunch of flowers, collected together in the form of a pyramidal figure. Inside almost every flower there are several petals of a darker shade than all the others.
There are many varieties of delphinium
Among the variety of varieties of delphinium, you can find terry, and super-terry, and dwarf, and giant, etc. Initially, the perennial plant was grown on the basis of one of two species: Delphinium grandiflora/tall. Over time, the first hybrids were bred. To date, you can find about 800 different varieties of delphinium, each of which belongs to one of 5 main categories:
- Marfin hybrids. Although this category of delphinium is called hybrid, almost all representatives of this species retain the characteristics of their parents by 80-90%. Outwardly, they are represented by plants of rather impressive size - 1.7-2 m. The "highlight" of the species is the appearance of the bush: it is quite strong, tall (about 1.7-1.8 m, some specimens reach 2 m in height) and dense with semi-double delicate flowers.
- Belladonna. The original subspecies of the delphinium. The only one on the list has a “drooping” type of inflorescence (panicle).
- Elatum. Unlike other varieties, this one is distinguished by the presence of flowers of similar shades in almost every plant (starting from pale blue, almost transparent and ending with rich lilac and purple hues).
- Pacific hybrids differ in gigantic growth (almost all of them reach a height of about 2 m) and large dense semi-double inflorescences.
Among the huge variety of delphinium varieties, it is quite difficult to single out a few, but perhaps we can focus on a few of the most striking.
- Snow lace. The plant has a subtle delicate aroma. Bushes grow medium in height - about 1.5 m, and the length of the peduncle is a little less than half a meter. The variety has unusually delicate flowers. white color with luxurious appearance. Flowering occurs very luxuriantly and quickly.
- Princess Caroline. Considered one of the most aesthetically pleasing delphinium varieties. The plant is considered a giant: its stem reaches a height of 2 m, flowers in diameter can reach 10 cm. The petals are painted in a delicate pinkish color.
Princess Caroline
- Pink butterfly. The variety is distinguished by rather low bushes: the stem reaches a maximum height of 1 m. But the variety blooms with rather unusual bright pink flowers, which, when blooming, look like a flying butterfly. The plant is extremely in demand among landscape designers, who use it mainly for knocking out tall bushes and trees.
Delphinium breeding methods
This process can be carried out in several ways. Let's consider each of them in detail. So, if you are planning to replant a plant, and it is already decorating your garden plot about 3 years, you can plant a delphinium by dividing the bush. To do this, in early spring, when the bushes are not yet very tall (no higher than 15 cm), you need to carefully dig one of them and divide it into several parts.
Advice. In order for the delphinium to take root well in a new place, try to divide in such a way that at least 1 shoot remains on each individual part of the rhizome.
First of all, remove all damaged parts, clean the rhizome from the remnants of the earth and rinse it thoroughly with warm water.
Gently lower the divided parts into containers with prepared soil mixture, consisting of sand, humus and black soil in equal proportions. Sprinkle the planted parts with earth and send to a warm place for a couple of weeks (no longer, since the transplanted sprouts take root very quickly). After this period, you can land in open ground.
delphinium seedling
Propagation by cuttings is also carried out in early spring. It is necessary to cut 10-centimeter shoots so as to capture part of the rhizome. The resulting cuttings can be safely planted immediately in open ground, and after a couple of weeks, moved to the garden.
Advice. Remember: in order for the cuttings planted on the site to quickly take root and immediately grow, they must be regularly sprayed with water (several times a day).
Well, and, finally, propagation by seeds. To do this, you need to prepare them ahead of time (since autumn). Keep in a cold place. You can start planting seeds with the onset of the first spring days. Seeds are sown in a container with a prepared soil mixture consisting of the same components as when propagating delphinium by division.
The seeds are lowered into prepared shallow grooves at a distance of about 6 cm from each other, sprinkled with a thin layer of earth, which should be slightly moistened with a spray bottle.
Outdoor cultivation
As for planting a delphinium and caring for it in the open field, this process is not so complicated, however, there are certain nuances here.
Soil preparation and planting
A place suitable for the delphinium should be chosen very carefully, since the plant loves the sun very much and reacts negatively to wind and strong shade. Therefore, for planting, choose a sunny, warm place with minimal access to wind and shade (but 2-3 hours a day, a shadow, after all, must be present over the area where the flower is planted, otherwise it may simply get burned).
Delphinium frost resistant
Delphinium is absolutely not afraid of frost (it can withstand even -30 degrees), so even in the harshest climate it will take root perfectly.
Attention! Delphinium has a fairly powerful, but located close to the surface root system. For this reason, in no case should you choose a place where large clearings appear in the spring as a landing site - the rhizome can simply rot.
Delphinium is very fond of fertile and fairly light neutral / slightly acidic soil, but at the same time it feels confident enough on loam if it is properly fertilized. For these purposes, you can use peat, humus, etc.
With the onset of autumn, the area under the delphinium should be dug up on a spade bayonet and fertilized with a peat-dung mixture. In the spring (immediately before planting), the soil is dug up again, and potassium salt and superphosphate are added to it in an amount of about 60 g, as well as ammonium sulfate (about 40 g).
Now you can start preparing the holes. Their depth should be about 0.5 m, and the distance is chosen individually (it all depends on the size of the variety chosen for planting). Part of the earth from the hole is mixed with compost and sent back. When it settles (after a couple of days), you can plant the plant in the way that is most optimal for you.
Features of caring for a delphinium
This process is quite simple, but it should be carried out on a regular basis. The main thing is to water the plant in time, provide it with nutrients and periodically thin it out, because the thicker the delphinium grows on the site, the smaller it will be.
Delphinium needs to be fed
As for dressings, there should be at least 3 of them per season:
- The first is carried out in early spring. A mixture of ammonium nitrate (15 g), calcium chloride (30 g), superphosphate (70 g) and ammonium sulfate (40 g) is poured under a bush and slightly deepened into the ground.
- Secondarily, the delphinium is fertilized during the period of appearance a large number buds. This time, the plant should be fed with a mixture of potassium and superphosphate (each element in the amount of 40 g).
- The third time, the same mixture is used as the first. Top dressing of the plant is carried out approximately at the end of August.
Disease and pest control
Delphinium - beautiful plant living in one place for up to 10 years, but, unfortunately, highly susceptible to various diseases. Further about what diseases and pests the delphinium most often “suffers” from and how to protect it from them:
- Powdery mildew. White-gray coating that appears on the surface of the leaves. Over time, damaged leaves darken and die off completely. Method of struggle: gas sulfur (1%) must be sprayed on the plant until the symptoms of the disease are eliminated.
- Downy mildew. Yellowish spots on the visible side of the sheet, on the reverse side is formed white coating. Method of struggle: thin out the bushes and spray with Bordeaux liquid (1%).
- Black leaf spot. Black spots on the visible side of the leaf, gradually covering the entire leaf and passing to the stem. Method of struggle: spray the root collar with 1% sublimate, and after a while - Bordeaux liquid.
Delphinium in the flowerbed
In chapter Tuberous | Flowers for the letter D
Delphinium (delphinium)- a genus of annual and perennial flowering herbaceous plants of the ranunculaceae family (Ranunculaceae), growing throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, some species - in the mountainous regions of tropical Africa. One of the most popular outdoor ornamental plants.
Family: ranunculus.
Homeland: for the most part - China and Southeast Asia.
Rhizome: racemose, tuberous, or stem root.
Stem: straight.
Leaves: finger-separate, dissected.
Fetus: leaflet.
Reproductive ability: propagated by seeds, cuttings and division of bushes.
Illumination: prefers the sun.
Watering: relatively drought tolerant.
Content temperature: frost-resistant.
Bloom time: annual - July-September, perennial - 20-30 days in early summer.
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Description of delphiniums
The genus includes about 370 annual and perennial species, very diverse in appearance and building. The height of the stems varies from 10 cm in the inhabitants of alpine meadows to 3 m in forest species.
The structure of the leaves is three, five or seven-parted, sometimes repeatedly pinnatipartite, with separate petiole lobes. The segments have serrated or serrate edges, wedge-shaped or rhombic shape. The leaf blades are often slightly pubescent, in cultivated varieties at the beginning of growth they have a variety of colors, by which the color of the inflorescences is judged.
So, brown and reddish leaves are found in flowers of dark shades, green - in light purple, white and blue varieties. The number of leaves per stem is determined by both the species and growing conditions. On poor soils, cultivars form inflorescences after 10-15 leaves, on well-fertilized soils - after 30-35 leaves.
Most species, including cultivated ones, have a racemose rhizome, characterized by the absence of the main and the presence of numerous adventitious roots. In conditions of lack of moisture, the rhizome can transform into a stem root, which has a powerful central root that goes deep into the soil. Some varieties that live in arid regions have rhizomes in the form of tubers of various shapes, ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 cm. Such plants bloom in the spring, and with the onset of the dry period, they go dormant until the fall or spring of next year.
Delphinium in the photo
The flower of the delphinium is simple, with five colored sepals, on the top there is a spur called an eye, with two nectaries and small petals - staminodes of a contrasting color. Such a structure is adapted for pollination by bumblebees or, in several American species, by hummingbirds. The color of the petals can be different, but most species are characterized by a blue or purple tone. Delphinium flowers form a simple paniculate (3-15 pieces each) or a complex pyramidal (50-80 pieces each) inflorescence in the form of a simple or branched brush.
Some wild-growing species have a bright peculiar aroma, white delphiniums smell more intensely.
The fruit in the form of a leaflet contains small, up to 700 pcs. in 1 g, seeds, the germination of which lasts three to four, and when stored in the refrigerator - an unlimited number of years.
All parts of the delphinium contain alkaloids that depress the central nervous system, affecting the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Plants, including garden forms, are poisonous, cases of poisoning of animals, bees by them are known, poison is contained even in honey collected from them. In medicine, both folk and official, the use of delphiniums is very limited, although a number of drugs are made from them that have a curare-like effect, have an antimicrobial and analgesic effect.
Origin of the name and classification of delphiniums
The Latin name of the flower delphinium is accepted in floriculture all over the world, although the term larkspur is more common in Russian scientific literature. The origin of the Latin name is associated with the similarity of the shape of the bud with the structure of the body of a dolphin, according to another version - with the Greek city of Delphi, where the plants were distributed. The Russian version, larkspur, reflects its use in the practice of folk methods of treating fractures. There is another, outdated name - spur, given for the characteristic features of the structure of the flower.
The genus includes annuals and perennials. Approximately 40 species are classified as annual delphiniums, of which two are grown in decorative floriculture: field and Ajax.
Wild delphinium in the photo
Perennial delphiniums, in turn, are divided by place of growth into Eurasian, American and African.
Hybrid delphiniums are distinguished into a separate group; it includes the vast majority of varieties grown in gardens.
Below are descriptions and photos of delphiniums of some decorative species and varieties, grouped in accordance with the above division.
Common ornamental annual species
Delphinium field (D.consolida), a shrub up to 2 m high with twice or thrice dissected leaves and loose inflorescences up to 30 cm long. It has been grown in gardens since 1572. There are garden forms of different colors, grown mainly for cutting. Spectacular blue flowers with a white center of Frosted Sky, dark blue Qis Dark Blue and pale pink Qis Rose.
Delphinium Ajax, or garden (D. ajacis), an annual hybrid, the result of crossing species is doubtful and oriental. Height from 20 to 100 cm, tap root, strongly dissected leaves, flowers up to 5 cm in diameter. Blooms from early summer to autumn. It has been used in culture for several centuries, has many varieties and garden forms, including tall, up to 1 m, double delphiniums with dense inflorescences of hyacinth-like flowers, and dwarf plants, not higher than 30 cm. The latter include Dwarf Hyacinth-flowered cultivars with double pink, crimson, white and purple flowers.
Delphinium is one of the most beloved and desired garden plants. Slender, with bright emerald leaves, impressive flowering columns and pleasing to the eye. Differs in height, harmony and magnificence. Known to people since ancient times.
According to one of the legends, the gods turned a gifted young sculptor into a dolphin just because he revived the sculpture of a deceased girl with whom he was in love. Every evening the dolphin swam to the shore with a bouquet in his mouth, and in memory of his love he threw this flower at the girl's feet.
The second myth tells about the battle under the walls of Troy. An arrow that hit Achilles' heel wounded him. Fallen drops of blood gave life to these magnificent flowers. According to Russian belief, they have healing properties and help the rapid fusion of bones in case of fractures and injuries. Most peoples called the delphinium a spur because the upper petal of its bud looks like a spur.
And now, many admire the bewitching spectacle of blooming delphiniums, from a distance resembling multi-colored steles, soaring up. The genus delphinium, spur, or Larkspur combines about 400 species of herbaceous annuals and perennials, forming massive terminal cluster or paniculate inflorescences, which are valued for their long flowering.
Description of the delphinium
Wild delphinium lives in all corners of the world, belongs to the buttercup family. Elegant, branched, hollow inside the stems reach a height of 2 m. The leaves are rounded, hand-finger-dissected. The color of the buds is ultramarine, blue, purple, pink, lilac, white. simple flowers consist of five petals, and in terry - their number is increased due to modified stamens. An unopened delphinium bud looks like the head or body of a dolphin - hence its name.
Dissolves in June and again, with proper care, in August. All delphinium varieties and hybrids are used as a high-quality cut crop - they stand in a vase for a long time. This luxury flower will decorate any flower garden.
Growing delphinium in open ground
Delphinium prefers open areas, but the petals can fade in bright sun. A light midday shadow is only good for him. The location near the walls of buildings and fences will protect it from lodging from the wind, cover it from scorching rays.
These plants require fertilized, rich in organic matter, permeable soil, painstaking care. In damp places, expanded clay drainage is arranged or grooves are made to drain excess moisture. Prefers loamy, loose soils with a neutral reaction. It has been grown in one place for several years.
Plant in full sun or light shade. When preparing the soil for planting, organic and mineral fertilizers(phosphorus-potassium). During the entire period, water abundantly, periodically feed. The soil is constantly loosened and mulched with peat or compost, which helps to retain moisture and serves as additional nutrition.
In the spring, the weakest shoots are cut off, which are used for grafting. They stimulate the formation of new flowers by regularly removing fading inflorescences. Tall plants require reliable support, because the stems break easily even with a slight wind. In autumn, perennial species are cut at the root, spud so that water does not get inside the hollow stems, since this can lead to the death of the plant. If pruning is done in the spring, then simply break the stems to close the cavity inside.
Reproduction of the delphinium by dividing the bush
The most reliable and productive way is. This is done during a planned transplant in the spring before the start of the growing season. The dug out root is cut into parts, each of which has a growth point and a root. The slices are dried, sprinkled with ash. They are placed at a distance of at least 40 cm from each other in pre-prepared holes.
It is possible to divide the plant without digging after sprouts appear or after flowering. To do this, the shovel is thrust into the place of the desired incision until it stops. The part that they want to deposit is dug around the circumference, carefully pulled out and transferred to desired area. In the vacant place pour fresh nutrient soil. All carefully watered, shaded until they take root.
Growing delphinium from seeds for seedlings and sowing in the ground
Annuals and biennials are propagated by sowing seeds in autumn and spring. Seeds quickly lose their germination capacity - when buying, you should pay attention to the timing - the closer to the last date, the less likely you are to get seedlings. To stimulate germination, you can treat the seeds with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (1 teaspoon per 100 ml of water) for 30 minutes.
Sowing for seedlings
When to sow the delphinium? In late March - early April, seedling boxes, containers or individual cups are prepared. The seeds are large enough to plant one at a time without any problems.
- Prepare a nutritious loose soil, perfect soil mixture for flowering.
- Containers or cups must have drainage holes.
- Seeding depth 0.5-1 cm.
- The distance between seeds is at least 2-3 cm when sowing in a common container.
- Moisturize moderately, you can use a spray bottle so that there is no excess moisture.
- Cover with a film and ventilate daily, removing condensate.
- When shoots appear, it is better to remove the film.
- When 2-3 true leaves appear, plants dive in separate cups.
- Seedlings need to be hardened a couple of weeks before planting in the ground. Take her to Fresh air, let it get used to the sun and wind. When she can spend the night, the plants are ready for planting.
It is necessary to transplant to a flower bed already at a steady positive temperature in November, in order to avoid freezing by night frosts. The distance between the bushes is left 30-40 cm, so that the plants develop well.
Sowing in the ground
They are sown in late March - early April in a greenhouse to obtain flowering specimens already in the year of sowing or in May in open ground. You can sow them before winter or in winter in boxes that are buried under the snow to get friendly shoots in the spring. Seedlings dive in the phase of 2-4 leaves, regularly watered and fed.
Plants of most varieties (if they are hybrids) grown from seeds may not convey the decorative qualities of the parent individuals, so the seed method is rarely used. But with this method, you can get several colors of different qualities at once. Most hybrids are propagated by cuttings taken from the bottom flowering stem at the beginning of spring.
Propagation of the delphinium by cuttings
Young shoots about 10 cm long. The lower sections are treated with a root formation stimulator. For this purpose, you can use the usual agave. The bottom sheet is torn off from an adult plant and placed in the refrigerator for 5 days. After that, a few drops of juice are squeezed out of it and the lower parts of the cuttings are moistened with it, which are then placed in containers with well-moistened sand or vermiculite. Rootin and similar preparations can be used.
The containers are covered with transparent lids or placed in a plastic bag to maintain sufficient humidity. The appearance of young leaves indicates successful rooting. The grown seedlings are transferred to a permanent place at the end of summer to give them the opportunity to finally take root before the onset of cold weather. Usually delphiniums tolerate winters of the middle zone well, only young seedlings need shelter from dry peat, moss or sawdust.
Pests and diseases of the delphinium
Delphinium is a rather delicate plant subject to attack by leaf-eating insects. Some diseases cause yellowing, deformation of the leaves. Among the diseases, powdery mildew and some rot are dangerous; to limit the spread of diseases, they resort to disinfecting the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate.
Fusarium and bacterial diseases that cause cancer and rot lead to wilting of plants. When they appear, treat the plants with special fungicides. Aphids sucking plant sap contribute to the spread of viral diseases. Thrips provoke the formation of silver spots on leaves and flowers.
Damage is also caused by Coleoptera scoops, which are disposed of with the help of special insecticides. Used as a preventive measure against insects and diseases. ammonia(2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) or tar water (1 tablespoon of pharmacy birch tar is mixed into 5 liters of water, add a little laundry soap), the solutions of which are watered by the plants themselves and the ground around.
These products repel many insects, and ammonia is also an excellent additional foliar top dressing. Due to its toxicity, the delphinium was almost never used as a medicine in ancient times, only in the Middle Ages, doctors used its tincture to heal wounds. In magic, it was used to protect against a love spell or as a talisman.
Dried blue flower delphinium was worn in a small bag or amulet around the neck, protecting from prying eyes. It was believed that such a charm served as protection against nightmares and insomnia. All varieties of delphinium are ideal for cutting. This is a very showy plant used for planting in groups, in flowerbeds, borders, mixborders and in single plantings against a lawn or buildings. And as a solitary plant, it is excellent.
Types of delphinium with photos and descriptions
Numerous hybrids are divided into three large groups ‘Belladonna’, ‘Pacific’, ‘Upright’. The latter includes most of the perennials grown in our gardens. They have delightful compact inflorescences of single, semi-double or double flowers.
Delphinium belladonna Delphinium belladonna
Delphinium belladonna reaches a height of 0.9-1.2 m. An upright perennial has beautiful spike-shaped flowers. It has loose, branching inflorescences, grows quickly and blooms for a long time.
Delphinium high Delphinium elatum
Perennial resistant specimen 70 cm high, with deeply dissected leaves, azure buds.
Delphinium field Delphinium consolida
An annual plant up to 2 m high.
Delphinium grandiflora Delphinium grandiflorum
Herbaceous plant with a shortened rhizome up to 100 cm tall.
Delphinium hybrid Delphinium hybrids
Giant Delphinium Pacific Giants Delphinium Pacific Giants photo of flowers in the garden
The hybrids of the ‘Pacific’ (Pacific) group include numerous annuals and biennials. As a flower culture, the most common delphinium hybrid, obtained by crossing various kinds between themselves. Modern varieties differ in shape, size of leaves and flowers, as well as the height of the bushes. Pacific hybrids are less adapted to cold winters and require more careful care. Even in much warmer Europe, they are grown as biennials.
New Zealand hybrids are characterized by excellent frost resistance, unpretentious care and long flowering- This is an excellent option for decorating a suburban area.
Marfin hybrids are very popular with flower growers, because they are perfectly adapted to the realities of our weather. In terms of quality, decorative indicators, they are not inferior to foreign varieties. They form neat bushes that produce large panicles of columnar inflorescences with semi-double flowers of various colors, attract attention from afar with their magnificence.
Delphinium - poisonous plant
All parts of the plant, because they contain an alkaloid widely used in medicine. If ingested, they can cause serious gastrointestinal upset. And contact with the leaves, especially in individuals with particularly sensitive skin, causes skin irritation and allergic dermatitis. Therefore, when working with a delphinium, it is necessary to protect hands and bare parts of the body from getting juice.
Delphinium (larkspur, spur)- this is a kind of one-and perennial herbs from the Buttercup family. In total there are about 400 species. The plant is poisonous. The habitat covers Eurasia, North America, some parts of Africa.
In Russian, the name of the plant "delphinium" is more often used in fiction, and in relation to ornamental varieties of larkspur (there are many hybrids this plant). In botany and medicine, the name "larkspur" is mainly used.
More than 100 species of larkspur have been found in Russia and adjacent regions. Main medicinal species plants also grow here:
1.
Liveliness is high.
2.
Larkspur field (field juice).
3.
Larkspur is reticulate.
Annual delphinium species are sometimes classified as a related genus. Sokirky(consolida), numbering up to 40 species. Larkspur is also sometimes called "Field Juice".
Description of the plant delphinium (larkspur)
The larkspur has a powerful root and a bare, branching stem to the top. The height of the plant usually does not exceed 50-60 cm. The leaves are dissected into narrow lobes, sharp or serrated at the ends. Flowers - bright purple or blue, located on the tops of the branches of the plant. At wild species larkspur sometimes observe white and pink flowers. They form a dense, elongated brush, 25-35 cm long. The plant blooms from early summer to early autumn.In all parts of the larkspur (especially in the roots and fruits) there are alkaloids that cause the toxicity of the plant. The concentration and types of alkaloids significantly depend on the type of plant and other factors. by the most poisonous kind is the larkspur is high. Also highly toxic decorative varieties larkspurs are delphiniums, since they are derived mainly from the above-mentioned plant species.
Larkspur field (field juice)
Larkspur field (field juices, Latin name: Consolida regalis) - annual species plants, 20-70 cm high. The stem is straight, branched upwards. The leaves are divided into straight segments. Flowers at the ends of the stems are collected in dense brushes of inflorescences. The color of the flowers is bright purple or blue (occasionally pink or white). The flowering period is all summer.On the territory of Russia, field larkspur grows in the European part (with the exception of the polar territories), and in Western Siberia. Field juicers are a weed that usually grows on winter crops.
Medicines are prepared only from herbs and seeds. Juices are a poisonous weed. In rare cases, a grazing animal may be poisoned by it.
Grass field juice has a diuretic effect. The flowers have anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties. In folk medicine, they were used mainly as an anthelmintic and diuretic.
Sokiroka alkaloids are characterized by a curare-like effect, but in principle the plant is of low toxicity. Therefore, it is often used in folk and traditional medicine, in the following cases:
- headache;
- hypertonic disease;
- cystitis;
- multiple sclerosis;
- inflammation of the pleural sheets;
- pneumonia.
Larkspur high
Larkspur high (lat.: Delphinium elatum) - perennial species up to two meters in height. The leaves are divided into separate lobes, serrated at the tops. The flowers form long, thinned racemes. Blue flowers, about 2 cm. Seeds are small, trihedral, dark brown. The plant blooms in summer. The natural habitat is North-Eastern Europe, Siberia, other regions of Eurasia. Grows in forests, glades, grassy slopes, etc.
The plant is the basis for many ornamental varieties of delphiniums.
In folk medicine, larkspur has long been used as a tea or diuretic. They also prepare a variety of tea mixtures from field larkspur, which purify the blood and normalize metabolism.
Larkspur flowers are non-toxic. And grass, stems and roots contain a number of alkaloids, including diterpenes.
Larkspur high is poisonous, and its use is permissible only under the supervision of a specialist. Although recipes using this type of plant are not kept secret.
In folk medicine, high larkspur is used in the treatment of hypertension, conjunctivitis, inflammation of the bladder, pathologies of the respiratory system, skin, and migraines - as a remedy that exhibits the following qualities:
- painkiller;
- hemostatic;
- diuretic;
- antihelminthic (seeds);
- expectorant;
- anti-inflammatory.
- fever;
- pathology of the digestive tract;
- burns, tumors.
Larkspur reticulum
Larkspur reticulum (bluish spur, lat.: Delphinium dictyocarpum) is a perennial plant species. Reaches 0.6-1 (2) meters in height. The leaves are kidney-shaped, with a heart-shaped center. Dissected into 5-7 lobes. Flower petals are modified into two nectaries. The calyx is dark blue in color, and the nectaries are blue or white. The flowers are collected at the ends of the stems in dense inflorescences. blooms this species delphinium - all summer, the seeds ripen from August to October. Grows in dry meadows, grassy slopes. It grows in the south and east of the European part of Russia, in the southern regions of Siberia and in the east of Kazakhstan, as well as in the Altai Territory.
The bulk of the raw material of reticulate larkspur is collected in the Dzungarian Alatau. Collect the tops of flowering delphiniums. Used for medical purposes above-ground part plants.
The roots and herbs contain alkaloids (2-3% or more), including curare-like muscle relaxants.
The physiological effect of larkspur is determined by the action of its components. As a rule, larkspur preparations are prescribed as relaxants in diseases of the nervous system, characterized by an increase in tone. skeletal muscle.
Larkspur reticulum is used for the following diseases:
- increased tone of the striated muscles;
- digestive disorders;
- conjunctivitis, blepharitis;
- oncological diseases.
Larkspur pharmacy
Pharmacy larkspur (delphinium officinale) is a two-year-old species, 0.6 - 1 m high. The stem branches a little, the leaves are strongly divided into separate fragments. Flowers - purple color, with small hairs, form dense inflorescences at the ends of the shoots. The plant blooms from March to September.Inhabits the dry slopes of the Balkans and Tuktsia. Sometimes grown as an ornamental crop.
It is used for the following pathologies:
- Improves the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, destroys pathogenic intestinal infections, heals small wounds and sores;
- catalepsy;
- Parkinson's disease;
- multiple sclerosis;
- inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the brain;
- arachnoencephalitis;
- pathologies manifested by hypertonicity of the skeletal muscles;
- for wound healing;
- hepatomegaly.
- rheumatic headaches;
- baths for children;
- accumulation of fluid in the body, edema;
- vomit;
- jaundice;
- dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
- fractures;
- rheumatism.
Delphiniums
In Russian, decorative varieties of high larkspur are usually called delphiniums. Delphiniums have found wide application in horticulture and floriculture - they are grown from seeds in many arboretums.Delphinium cultural - this name was given to a number of hybrids of the larkspur plant, which appeared as a result of hybridization that began in the middle of the 19th century. Today, delphinium hybrid varieties are classified into several groups. At the core hybrid varieties delphinium were usually used the following types plants:
- Larkspur is high;
- Larkspur is red;
- Larkspur is hollow-stemmed;
- The larkspur is semi-bearded.
Collection and preparation
If the collection of raw materials of larkspur occurs in nature, then all the rules should be followed. First of all, you should make sure that you find the plant you are looking for. An error during collection may not affect health in any way, or it may result in serious poisoning. Care must be taken to ensure that parts of foreign plants, etc. do not get into the raw material. The collection of raw materials is recommended to be carried out only in localizations of intensive growth of larkspur. Used in folk and traditional medicine upper part stems with green leaves and inflorescence. Raw materials are harvested during budding and the beginning of flowering of larkspur. The stems are separated in the place where the green leaves end, and then laid out on large surface for drying. Re-collection of larkspur in the same area is possible only after two years. It is necessary to dry raw materials under a canopy, or in a dryer, at a temperature of no more than 50 degrees.
When collecting delphinium raw materials, in order to avoid intoxication, you should wash your hands well with soap and water. The raw materials are leafy stems 40-70 centimeters long, with buds and flowers. The smell is mild. Tasting is contraindicated - the plant is poisonous.
Scope of larkspur
Application in traditional medicine
Larkspur preparations are used orally for the following conditions:- increased muscle tone due to damage to the central nervous system (trauma, infection);
- multiple sclerosis;
- spastic paralysis.
Medicinal effects of larkspur are determined by the properties of the substances that make up the plant.
Such larkspur alkaloid preparations as elatin (tablets), condelfin (powder), delsemin (injection solution) and mellictin, which have a curare-like effect, block the synapse connection of motor nerve branches, leading to relaxation of skeletal muscles. Therefore, they have found use in surgery, in combination with anesthesia. The alkaloid elatin has a curare-like effect: it inhibits excitation in neuromuscular synapses, inhibits the activity of the subcortical centers of the brain, and somewhat lowers blood pressure. It is used in surgical operations, with brain injuries, spinal cord lesions, etc.
Delphinium preparations have a pronounced antibacterial, analgesic effect, and, if used correctly, contribute to a speedy recovery. Some larkspur alkaloids are used for the following conditions:
- pyramidal insufficiency;
- Parkinson's disease;
- parkinsonism as a consequence of encephalitis;
- arachnoencephalitis;
- serous inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the brain.
The use of larkspur in folk medicine
In folk medicine, larkspur is treated with great care, since it contains potent poisons. It is impossible to start self-treatment with larkspur, because with a slight excess of the dose, the alkaloids that make up the delphinium cause paralysis of the central nervous system and respiratory center. At the end of the 19th century, it was proved that larkspur alkaloids have a curare-like effect. Curare is a poison that the Indians prepared to lubricate arrowheads. An animal that was hit by an arrow with such poison lost its mobility and stopped breathing. The meat of such animals was eaten, because. curare alkaloids are not harmful through the digestive tract. Many curare-like substances known today are used in surgery.
Larkspur has been popular with traditional healers for many centuries. This is a well-known folk remedy, often used for bone fractures (hence the name of the plant) in the form of lotions and compresses. In this case, the plant has an analgesic effect and helps to restore damaged tissues. Decoctions of delphinium roots are used for burns.
Potassium
Properties of potassium:
- maintaining the functioning of all soft tissues and structures of the body;
- regulation of water balance in the body;
- heart rate optimization;
- removal of excess fluid from the body;
- lowering blood pressure;
- removal of toxins and slags;
- has anti-sclerotic properties.
Properties and action of calcium:
- represents construction material for bones, teeth, nails, etc.;
- provides soft tissue functions;
- provides metabolism;
- reduces vascular permeability;
- reduces the body's susceptibility to infections;
- has an anti-inflammatory effect on the nervous system;
- contributes to better adaptation with a sharp change in ambient temperature.
Magnesium properties: - calms the nervous system;
- strengthens the heart muscle and blood vessels;
- activates the cleansing of the body of toxins;
- normalizes the functions of the gastrointestinal tract;
- eliminates inflammatory processes;
- strengthens the musculoskeletal system;
- useful for the prevention of kidney stones.
Iron
Iron properties:
- supports the immune system;
- needed to make red blood cells;
- participates in the formation of thyroid hormones;
- participates in the body's defense against bacterial infections.
Properties and action of manganese:
- has antioxidant properties;
- stabilizes blood sugar levels;
- optimizes the level of cholesterol and other blood lipids;
- has antianemic and antiallergic actions;
- contributes to the maturation of reproductive cells, the development of the embryo and fetus, the normal course and outcome of pregnancy;
- takes part in the synthesis of bone and connective tissues (including cartilage), ensures their normal structure;
- relieves convulsions;
- prevents premenstrual syndrome.
Copper properties:
- antibacterial;
- disinfectant;
- emetic;
- astringent.
Properties and action of zinc:
- participates in the metabolism of essential nutrients, eliminates alcohol poisoning;
- supports the activity of immunoglobulins, and the immune system as a whole;
- provides education, access to the blood and utilization of insulin;
- maintains the integrity of bones and teeth;
- provides strength and beauty of hair, healthy appearance of the skin;
- participates in the nutrition of the lens of the eye, thereby providing vision.
Alkaloids isolated from larkspur
Alkaloids are found in all types of delphinium. Most of them are in high larkspur (in roots - about 4% alkaloids, in seeds - 2.5%, in greens and stems - 1.3%) - therefore it is the most toxic. Also, alkaloids are obtained from larkspur reticulate and semi-bearded.Melliktin
Melliktin is an alkaloid derived from larkspur and semi-bearded, and has a curare-like effect.It is used in the following cases:
1.
To reduce the tone in pyramidal insufficiency (brain pathologies characterized by an increase in skeletal muscle tone) of vascular and inflammatory etiology.
2.
Parkinsonism following encephalitis.
3.
Parkinson's disease.
4.
Encephaloarachnoiditis.
5.
Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the spinal cord, etc.
6.
To reduce convulsions in tetanus.
Melliktin has a curare-like effect (relaxes muscle tissue).
The drug is prescribed orally, 20 mg, 1 to 5 times a day. The course of therapy - 20 - 60 days. This is followed by a break of 3-4 months, after which you can start a new course.
Treatment with this alkaloid, if indicated, is combined with other methods of therapy and therapeutic physiotherapy.
Melliktin is contraindicated in the following pathologies:
- myasthenia gravis and other pathologies, one of the symptoms of which is a decrease in muscle tone;
- renal and hepatic insufficiency;
- decompensation of the heart.
1. Make artificial respiration.
2. Provide oxygen breathing (oxygen mask).
3. Make an injection of a 0.05% solution of prozerin in an amount of 0.5 - 1 ml, together with a 0.1% solution of atropine in the same amount. Treatment should be carried out under close medical supervision.
Condelfin
Kondelfin is medicine plant origin, an alkaloid extracted from high larkspur.Condelfint - a muscle relaxant that has a characteristic curare-like effect, lowers the tone of skeletal muscles, and in an increased dosage leads to complete immobilization of a person (the function of the respiratory muscles stops last). The smallest immobilizing dose of alkaloid for humans and all mammals is 8 mg per kilogram of body weight.
Condelfin is used for the following pathologies:
1.
Muscle hypertonicity - tetanus, dyskinesia, stiffness, contractures associated with injuries, and which are complications of CNS diseases.
2.
Other movement disorders: Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, spastic traumatic paralysis.
Condelphin is taken by mouth. The drug is used under the close supervision of a physician. The dosage is increased gradually: on the first day they drink 25 mg of the drug, on the second - two 25 mg, on the third - 50 mg, on the fourth - two 50 mg, on the fifth and other days - 50 ml three times a day. The course of treatment is 10-12 days.
Complications of hypersensitivity or overdose are characterized by a feeling of severe weakness, muscle relaxation, difficulty breathing, and a decrease in pressure.
Condelfin is contraindicated in myasthenia gravis, heart failure, renal and hepatic pathologies.
Elatin
Elatin is a curare-like compound, an alkaloid obtained from high larkspur. It is used as a muscle relaxant, which has an inhibitory effect on excitatory signals of neuromuscular conductors, and causes relaxation of striated muscles. Elatin collapses into gastrointestinal tract much slower than similar alkaloids, and therefore effective when taken orally.
At an increased dosage, the drug slightly reduces blood pressure, causes relaxation of the muscles of the ribs and diaphragm, as a result of which the respiratory muscles cease to function.
Elactin is indicated for the following conditions:
- pathologies characterized by hypertonicity of the skeletal muscles due to a violation of the pyramidal pathway;
- brain dysfunction with signs of muscle hypertension;
- traumatic, infectious and postoperative brain damage;
- dyskinesias of various origins.
In case of hypersensitivity or overdose of the drug, a sharp relaxation of the skeletal muscles and breathing difficulties occur. Elastin is contraindicated in myasthenia gravis and other diseases characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle tone. Also, the drug is contraindicated in renal failure.
Delsemin
Delsemin is an alkaloid derived from larkspur. The drug has a curare-like effect (antidepolarizing muscle relaxant). Reduces the tone of skeletal muscles, up to immobilization. Synergizes with drugs. No analgesic effect.It is used in surgery, in combination with narcotic drugs, to turn off the respiratory function during surgical interventions on the chest, as well as to relax muscles.
The dose for injection of delsemin is calculated from the ratio of 0.5-2 mg per kilogram of body weight. To stop the respiratory muscles - 5-6 mg per 1 kg of weight. First, a fifth of the dose is administered. In the absence of reactions, after a few minutes, the remaining amount is administered.
In case of an overdose, an injection of a mixture of prozerin with atropine is made to prevent the following symptoms:
1.
Decreased contractility of the heart.
2.
Pathological muscle fatigue.
3.
Damage to the liver and kidneys.
The drug should be stored in a dark place out of the reach of children.
Contraindications
The main contraindications for all types of plants delphinium (larkspur):
- pregnancy;
- myopathy;
- myasthenia gravis (and any other pathology accompanied by low muscle tone);
- kidney failure;
- liver failure;
- violations of cardiac activity;
- with bronchial asthma - check if apnea occurs.
From contact of the plant with the skin, local irritation is possible. When ingested, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain develop. With severe acute intoxication, there is:
- relaxation of striated muscles;
- breathing difficulties;
- convulsions;
- possible hypotonic effect.
What to do with larkspur intoxication?
In case of intoxication solely due to the use of the plant inside, it will be enough to wash the stomach with a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate and take activated charcoal. With a pronounced curare-like effect, intubation is carried out with a connection to an artificial respiration apparatus, an injection of a 0.1% solution of atropine sulfate, and a 0.05% solution of prozerin (1 ml intravenously) is carried out. With less pronounced intoxications, subcutaneous injections of a 0.05% proserin solution (1-2 injections per day) will suffice.For symptoms of hypotension:
1.
5% solution of ephedrine hydrochloride (0.5-1 ml intravenously).
2.
0.2% solution of norepinephrine hydrotartrate (0.5-1 ml in 5% dextrose solution intravenously, through a dropper).
Infusion - Option 1
Preparation of infusion: 1 tsp. brew 400-600 ml of boiling water, leave for 8 hours in a closed container, wrapped. Take orally 100 ml 4 times a day.
Infusion - Option 2
One tablespoon of dried chopped herbs is brewed with 3 cups of boiling water, left for 50-60 minutes in a closed container, filtered. The infusion is consumed in 200 ml, 3 times a day before meals.
Infusion with uric acid diathesis
With uric acid diathesis (a metabolic disorder accompanied by accelerated synthesis of uric acid salts and harmful calcium compounds in the body due to malnutrition), the infusion is prepared in the following way: 2-3 tbsp dried and chopped herbs, pour 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 1-2 hours. Use 100-150 ml of the product 3-4 times a day, before meals.
Infusion for paralysis
1 tbsp dry chopped grass is poured with a glass of boiling water, and left for 2-3 hours. Drink half a glass 3-4 times a day, after eating.
Infusion for cystitis
Boil 20-30 g of flowering grass in 1 liter of boiling water, and leave for 2 hours. Use orally 3 times a day, before meals.
Infusion for malignant liver tumors
40 g of dried chopped herbs brew 1 liter of boiling water. Keep in a boiling water bath for a quarter of an hour, cool at a temperature of 15-35 degrees for 45 minutes, strain. Take orally 70-80 ml 3 times a day, one hour before or one hour after meals.
Infusion of flowers for local use (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, etc.)
One tablespoon of field sorrel flowers is brewed with 2 cups of boiling water, left for 15-20 minutes in a closed container, filtered.
Other drugs
Decoction for jaundice, dropsy, hernia20 grams of field larkspur herb is poured into 200 ml of drinking water, boiled for 10 minutes over low heat, filtered, then the boiled volume is compensated boiled water. Use inside 1 tsp. 3 times a day, before meals. Externally used as an anesthetic for burns and tumors.
Napar
Napar is prepared at the rate of 20 g per 1 liter of water. It is used 200 ml 3 times a day, with the following diseases:
- pathology of the genitourinary system (with catarrh of the bladder, the agent has mainly an anti-inflammatory effect);
- urethritis (inflammation of the urethra);
- hyperbilirubinemia;
- conjunctivitis;
- inflammation or suppuration of the eye (externally, in the form of lotions).
Tincture for urinary tract infections
The grass of the field sorrel is poured with 40% alcohol, in a ratio of 1 to 10. They drink 5 drops four times a day. Sometimes this tincture is combined with a 5% tincture of osokorya.
Recipes for drugs with high larkspur
Infusions, decoctions
Universal infusion1 teaspoon of dried chopped herbs per 0.5 liters of boiling water. Insist for two hours, filter. Use inside slightly warmed up, before meals, 100 ml 4-5 times a day.
Infusion for cancer pathologies (when undergoing chemotherapy)
Brew one tablespoon of dry grass of the plant with a liter of boiling water, leaving it to infuse for 50-60 minutes. Then strain. Take orally 100 ml 4-5 times a day.
Infusion for multiple sclerosis
Brew one teaspoon of herb with 600 ml of boiling water, leave to infuse for 8 hours, close the container tightly and place in a warm environment. Then strain. Take orally 70-100 ml 3-4 times a day, regardless of the meal.
Externally used infusion of flowers , which is brewed as a tea, or an ointment is made.
Decoction for jaundice, hernia, burns
One teaspoon of finely chopped roots of high larkspur pour 250 ml of clean water, cook for 20 minutes. over low heat, leave to infuse for an hour, then strain. The decoction is drunk one tablespoon 3 times a day.
Tincture
50 g of finely chopped plant roots pour 0.5 liters of vodka. Infuse in a place protected from light and low temperatures, shaking the contents from time to time. Strain. The tincture is drunk according to the following scheme:- First day: 4 drops before breakfast, 5 drops before lunch, 6 drops before dinner;
- Second day: 7 drops before breakfast, 8 drops before lunch, 9 drops before dinner.
Lotions
Lotions for fracturesFinely chop the roots of high larkspur, brew with boiling water for 10 minutes. Then fold a piece of gauze in several layers, place the roots from the infusion in the center, and fold it into an envelope. Dipping gauze into the remaining product, apply to sore spots for 30-40 minutes, no more than three times a day.
Lotions for burns
One tablespoon of finely chopped roots of high larkspur brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave for an hour, then strain. Dip gauze into the product, and apply to the affected areas for half an hour, no more than three times a day.
Ointment from larkspur
High larkspur ointment is made using seeds and lard. It is used for rheumatism and bone fractures.Ingredients:
1.
1 tsp delphinium seeds.
2.
10 tsp interior fat.
Mix the ingredients well, and leave for 10 days. Ready ointment can be used for rubbing.
Recipes with larkspur
Larkspur herb infusion
Below are three recipes for an infusion of larkspur reticulum. All variants of the drink are recommended for the treatment of muscle hypertonicity, digestive disorders. Locally, these infusions are used in the form of compresses for conjunctivitis or blepharitis:Option 1
Brew one teaspoon of dry chopped grass of the plant with three cups of boiling water. Leave for 8 hours, tightly closing the container, and wrapping. Drink this infusion of 80-100 ml, up to three times a day.
Option 2
To prepare this infusion, you can take 1 tbsp. dry chopped grass, or 1 tsp. her flowers. Brew the prepared raw materials with 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, then strain and squeeze. Drink this drug one tablespoon, no more than three times a day.
Option 3
One teaspoon of the dried chopped grass of the plant is brewed with 600 ml of boiling water, left for 9 hours in a place protected from light and low temperatures, having previously closed the container well. After that, the infusion is filtered, squeezing the grass. Consume 80-100 ml, up to four times a day, regardless of food.
Infusion for external use
Brew three tablespoons of dried and chopped herbs with one liter of boiling water, leave for 8 hours. Then strain, squeezing out the herb. For microclysters and douching, use an infusion in the amount of 50-100 ml, preheating. These manipulations should be carried out twice a day - after waking up and before going to bed.
Infusion of larkspur reticulate universal
Brew two tablespoons of dried and chopped grass of the plant with a liter of boiling water, and leave to infuse for 40-50 minutes. Then strain, squeezing out the herb. Orally, this infusion is consumed in 10 ml, each time before meals, 30 minutes in advance, with the following pathologies: venereal diseases, hepatomegaly, pathologies of the genitourinary system, jaundice, skeletal muscle hypertonicity. Outwardly, in the form of lotions, the remedy is used for inflammatory and purulent processes in the eye (conjunctivitis, etc.).
Infusion for cancer
One tablespoon of dried chopped larkspur grass brew 0.8 liters of boiling water, leaving to infuse for 1 hour. Then strain the raw material and squeeze. Take 125 ml orally, 4-5 times a day, while receiving chemotherapy courses.
Tincture of larkspur reticulum in multiple sclerosis
Ten tablespoons of dried and chopped grass of the plant pour 1.2 liters, and leave to infuse for 20 days in a place protected from cold and light. In this case, the tincture should be shaken 1-2 times a day. After 20 days, strain the tincture by squeezing the grass.Drink the tincture according to the following schedule:
1.
10 days - 15 drops per 50 ml of water, three times a day.
2.
10 days - 20 drops per 50 ml of water, three times a day.
3.
Until the end of the course - 30 drops per 50 ml of water, three times a day.
In this case, complex therapy is required in combination with the use of propolis tincture. Both tinctures should be drunk before meals. Between them you need to take a break of about 30 minutes. It is recommended to drink several courses of treatment - 20 days each, with a break of 9 days.
Recipes with larkspur
Decoction to normalize metabolism
20 g of dry chopped grass plants pour 1 liter of boiling water, put on low heat for 15 minutes. With jaundice, inflammation of the digestive tract, pathologies of the eyes, they drink half a glass four times a day. For headaches, drink one tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
Broth universal
20 g of dry chopped larkspur is brewed with a glass of boiling water, put on fire for 10 minutes. Use inside 1 teaspoon three times a day.
This decoction is used for the following diseases:
- hyperbilirubinemia;
- dropsy;
- burns;
- neoplasms;
- epilepsy;
- syphilis;
One teaspoon is brewed with 0.4 - 0.6 liters of boiling water. Infused for 8-10 hours in a tightly closed container. Take orally 50-70 ml four times a day.
flower tea
Larkspur flowers are brewed with boiling water like tea. This tea has the following properties:
- anthelmintic;
- diaphoretic;
- diuretic;
- anti-influenza.
Baths with the addition of fresh pharmacy larkspur are useful for paralysis, rheumatism, sciatica, dermatological pathologies.
Medicinal fees for cystitis with field larkspur
Collection 1: field larkspur - 350 g, zelenchuk - 400 g, field horsetail - 100 g, speck.Collection 2: Highlander bird - 100 g, bearberry - 100 g, horsetail - 150 g, field larkspur - 100 g, dill - 50 g, speck - 100 g, dandelion - 1 tbsp. l., prickly tartar - 2 tbsp. l., creeping wheatgrass - 2 tbsp. l., medicinal marigolds - 2 tbsp. l., five-lobed motherwort - 1 tbsp. l., field juices - 1 tbsp. l., pharmacy letter - 2 tbsp. l.
Prepare a decoction as follows: pour two tablespoons of the mixed ingredients of the collection into 1.5 liters of boiling water. Let cool, strain. Take orally 30 g, 6-7 times a day. This infusion is drunk in severe forms of cystitis.
Questions and answers
How long can you drink larkspur? Isn't it harmful to health? Does larkspur help with diseases of the bones and joints?
Answer: With any pathology (bone fracture, burn, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism, epilepsy, mechanical and other lesions of the central nervous system with muscular hypertension), this is strongly poisonous plant consumed no more than 40 days. After that, a break is required, at least 15 days. With osteoporosis, comfrey root will also help, and in case of a particularly severe course, calcium intramuscularly. Euphorbia Pallas in tincture also helps with rheumatoid arthritis.I have been suffering from multiple sclerosis for about 10 years. Most of all I want to improve the situation with a tremor in my hands. Which medicinal herbs are right for me?
Answer: Your main medicinal herb is larkspur. But besides it, you should take a number of other drugs - incl. mumiyo, stone oil, propolis, plant pollen, and also take phospholipids.Larkspur in this case should be taken as a tincture: pour 50 g of roots into 0.5 liters of vodka, leave for 20 days in a warm place, out of the light, shaking from time to time. Then strain. Drink before meals, starting with 4 drops, and gradually increasing their number to 30 by the 9th day, and reducing to 4 by the 18th day of treatment. Break - a week, then repeat. Drink tincture should be 5-7 months.