How to connect sewer pipes. Connection of metal sewer pipes

Due to the diverse range of parts in the drainage system, it is possible to connect sewer plastic pipes to each other in different ways.

Replacing obsolete materials with plastic

Plastic pipes are increasingly used for water supply and wastewater disposal. All materials from which the components of the pipeline are made (polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutylene) are thermoplastic, i.e. at elevated temperatures, they soften, and upon subsequent cooling, they return to their original state (the structure and physical properties of thermoplastic).

Every year in the wastewater system, waste materials are replaced by new, more promising ones.

Sewer pipes and connections are a thing of the past:

• Concrete pipes, which are quite heavy, difficult to transport and install. To date, they have found successful application in the arrangement of local sewerage of country cottages and summer cottages.
• Asbestos-cement connection of sewer pipes of different diameters, characterized by increased fragility. As a disadvantage, low throughput. But asbestos-cement pipes are resistant to chemical attack, temperature changes and corrosion, light and affordable. It is worth noting that a properly made connection of asbestos-cement pipes will last a long time.
• Cast iron pipes have many advantages. Therefore, for many years they have remained leaders in the drainage system. But at the same time, cast iron products have a lot of disadvantages, first of all, a lot of weight and a tendency to clog quickly.

If we talk about plastic pipelines, then they, unlike their "brothers", do not have the above disadvantages. That is, plastic products can function trouble-free for a very long time - up to hundreds of years; not subject to rust, corrosion, chemical reactions, aggressive environments; very elastic, durable, etc. These pipes can be mounted in various ways, each of which gives an excellent result.

Due to the perfectly smooth inner surface, PVC plastic structures have a high throughput. As another "plus" - their lightness, so working with them is a pleasure. Now let's talk about how to connect plastic sewer pipes.

How to build a sewerage system from PVC pipes

During the installation and fastening of plastic pipes, branching in the desired direction of the moving fluid, specific fittings (fittings) are required. Thanks to their use, it is possible to build the desired design of pipelines.

Fittings involved in the assembly of internal sewage include:

• couplings;
• crosses;
• transitions;
• revisions;
• seal cuffs;
• tees;
• taps.

The plastic pipeline includes detachable or one-piece components. In the first option, flanges or couplings are used, so when building a sewer network, expensive materials and specific tools will not be needed. Accordingly, the installation work itself from a financial point of view will be inexpensive.

How to insert a sewer pipe into a pipe using one-piece elements? To do this, you will need adhesives, welding, special fittings, all kinds of tools. The result is durable and tight connections that delight consumers with their reliability.

If you need a completely detachable sewer network, then for this purpose it is better to prefer flanges or couplings, which in turn are classified into threaded and compression. With their help, assembly work is carried out quite quickly and does not require special skills. But, unfortunately, over the years, the tightness of collapsible units is violated, the butt joints unwind and leak.

Therefore, today detachable pipelines are used infrequently, and then for the installation of outlets with a cross section of less than 6.3 cm from washbasins, bathtubs and pallets. What is the installation of a collapsible element?

High tightness of joints with one-piece connections

How to connect plumbing pipes based on socket technology? Let's try to figure it out. This technique is considered the simplest and most common docking method. It can be easily done at home without any skills at work.

The sequence of actions is performed according to the scheme:

1. Clean the connection points (bell, smooth end of the tubular product), equip with rubber sealing rings.
2. Cover the smooth end of the pipe with liquid soap or silicone-based lubricant.
3. Connect both parts of the pipe to the stop so that there is no play.
4. Put a mark on the smooth end of the pipe corresponding to the actual depth of the joint.

Consider another way - how to connect plastic sewer pipes using adhesives. First of all, you need to purchase high-quality glue for thermoplastic in the construction department, then clean the surfaces to be treated from dirt, sand them and additionally go through the degreasing mixture.

Then apply glue to the treated surfaces, insert the edges of the pipes into each other and hold in this position for about two minutes. This time will be enough for the connection to be completed. But for greater reliability and tightness of the joint, it is better to cover it with glue on top.

Another technique that provides an ultra-reliable connection of PVC pipes is the welding of their parts using special devices like soldering irons. Such equipment is sold in specialized stores. The rules for using the device are simple, so even a non-professional can perform this procedure. Welding of sewer pipes consists in melting the ends of the joined plastic pipes and at the same time tightly pressing the heated products. And in a couple of minutes you will be holding a monolithic system, absolutely sealed.

Sewer pipelines made of cast iron and PVC at the same time

1. Insert the end of the pipe into the socket and center with stops made of wood or metal, which must be driven into the free space between the pipes.
2. Screw a coil of oiled cord onto the connection and push the fibers into it. The latter should sink to about 75% of the depth of the socket.
3. Make another round of sealant and deepen it into the socket.
4. Repeat the winding of the cord at the junction until the rope comes out completely on the connection surface.

The sealing work is completed by applying a cement patch on top of the pressed fibers. You can replace cement with silicone sealant or bituminous mastic. The result is a highly reliable connection. Do not forget that after the time has elapsed, the sequence of sealing actions must be repeated.

The docking of plastic sewer pipes with cast iron is carried out according to the same socket system, only a special rubber adapter and the obligatory cleaning of the cast iron socket from dirt are still needed.

Using linen and silicone for winding

With a mixed connection of sewer pipes (metal + thermoplastic), you can still use linen sanitary winding.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Wind the linen winding at the junction of the cast-iron product with the plastic one.
2. Dock pipes.
3. Push the flax into the space between the pipes with a small screwdriver or narrow spatula.
4. Treat the joint area with a polymer-cement mixture.
5. Wait 1-1.5 days until the junction seizes tightly.

With a small gap between the products, the winding can be replaced with sanitary silicone. Beforehand, with special care, dry both pipes with a building hair dryer and fill the gap as deep as possible with a silicone compound using a building gun. After 4-6 hours, the sealant will dry, and the sewer system will be fully usable.

Now you have a complete understanding of how to connect sewer plastic pipes.

If you are faced with the need to lay a sewer and you don’t know how to connect sewer pipes, don’t worry: remember your childhood and play ... in the designer.

The fact is that modern pipes for these purposes are made of PVC (plastic, in other words). And for the convenience of their installation, they are produced in a strictly defined diameter and length. Well, since pipes are not always laid only strictly straight, you can find swivel fittings for them in any store selling such goods. All this is very reminiscent of a children's designer, since the elements of the sewer system, if you do not particularly delve into the process itself, are simply inserted into each other. As a result, you get a strong and reliable connection that does not leak, does not let in an unpleasant smell and can last you for a long time without replacement or repair.

Fitting

But let's get back to fittings. Fittings are additional elements to pipes that help to connect them into a single structure. It is customary to distinguish fittings depending on:

• constructions - turn signals (angles), tees, couplings, extension cords, plugs, etc .;
• appointments - connecting and intermediate;
• forms - L-shaped, T-shaped, straight.

Do not think that all the fittings listed above in the classification are different elements. In fact, the same fitting appears in each line of the classification under a different name. Take, for example, a coupling that serves to connect two sewer pipes. By design, this fitting will be just a “coupling”, by appointment it will be intermediate, in shape it will be straight.

Based on such a classification of fittings, it is much easier to imagine what exactly you need in order to connect pipes into one structure.

We assemble a sewerage system for a house or apartment

Before you figure out how to connect sewer pipes, you should understand the principle of assembling the entire sewer system.

• So, all work should begin with the creation of a drawing on which you must depict your future system. Take a piece of paper and draw on it schematically all the plumbing fixtures that need to be connected to the sewer (sink, toilet, shower or bath, etc.).

• Then connect them with lines to the main sewer riser. Each line is a pipe. Pipes will be connected to each other using fittings.
• Please note that sewer pipes in a house usually have only two types: 50 and 110 mm in diameter. Fifty millimeters are designed to drain drains from sinks, sinks, bathtubs and showers, as well as from washing machines and dishwashers. If there are too many plumbing fixtures on one line, then it is better to increase its diameter to 110 mm, otherwise you will often have problems with blockages.
• But the toilet is connected only through a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, while the plumbing fixture itself is usually connected using a flexible corrugation, which is inserted into the sewer pipe.

• Having figured out what elements your sewer system consists of, you can go to the store. Since it is almost impossible to spoil sewer pipes when working with them, you should not purchase components with a margin. Most importantly, do not forget that each pipe at one end has an extension into which another pipe will be inserted. If you cut a long pipe with a hacksaw (the cut must be strictly perpendicular) into two parts, then the second element will not have such an expansion, and to connect it to another pipe or fitting, you must first install the coupling. At the same time, the cost of different sets of pipes (one with a coupling or two short ones) will be approximately the same.

• The first in the sewerage system will be a turning fitting, to which you connect a flexible hose of a plumbing fixture (siphon) on one side, and a pipe on the other. You can, of course, do without this fitting by connecting the siphon directly to the pipe, but in this case, if the joint is not tight, there is a possibility of the joint leaking.
• When inserting a pipe into a fitting (or vice versa), be sure to observe two conditions:
• a rubber gasket must be laid in the joint (it is sold in the kit);
• the pipe must enter the fitting (or other pipe) to its full depth.

• Further, at the points of connection to this pipe of other plumbing, tee fittings are placed. If you need to connect pipes of different diameters, use a special adapter fitting.
• When collecting sewers, do not forget about creating the necessary pipe slope, otherwise your system will not provide liquid drainage.
• It is necessary to assemble the system from plumbing fixtures to the main riser so that the joints do not interfere with the flow of water.

Outdoor sewerage

Unlike intra-house or intra-apartment, external sewage (laid along the local area) is assembled without swivel fittings. Instead, it is recommended to arrange wells - they will facilitate cleaning. After all, all pipes will be hidden in the ground and it is quite difficult to dig them out every time they get clogged, and it is not always possible to clean them through the fittings that come to the surface of the earth.

Of course, pipes for outdoor sewage have a larger diameter than pipes in the house.

Each of them, cutting into the outer pipe, increases its diameter by one size.

If the outer pipe is common to two others with a diameter of 110 mm, then its diameter should not be less than 160 mm; for three pipes of 110 mm each - with a diameter of at least 200 mm. This rule applies to small buildings, provided that the distance to the nearest sewer does not exceed 30-40 meters. In other cases, the outer pipe must have a larger diameter in order to work "with a margin".

Video

Most often, in the process of installing a sewer, you have to connect pipes of different diameters. Therefore, we suggest that you watch a useful video highlighting this issue:

Drainage systems in private houses and apartments are increasingly made of various polymers. The low price and low weight, combined with the ease of installation of plastic pipes, provide them with well-deserved popularity. If you can connect plastic pipeline elements to each other in many ways, then if you need to replace part of the network, when plastic pipes are connected to old cast iron pipes, only a socket connection is suitable.

Plastic is one of the cheapest materials used to make sewer consumables. When laying communications in a private house or apartment, the price can become a determining parameter in choosing pipes.

In addition to being cheap plastic has other advantages:

• light weight, which simplifies the delivery of pipes and fittings and the installation of the pipeline;
• the ability to choose the type of plastic and the connection method suitable for a particular case;
• the smoothness of the walls and the chemical inertness of the polymers, due to which no growths form on the inner surface and the throughput of the pipeline does not decrease during the operation of the sewage network;
• compatibility with other materials - you can not only assemble the sewer completely from plastic, but also replace part of the old pipeline with polymers, as there are special connecting elements for combining plastic with pipes made of metal alloys;

However, the installation of a sewer pipeline made of polymer products has its own characteristics:

• plastic is afraid of ultraviolet radiation, so plastic sewers must be hidden from direct sunlight;
• despite the elasticity characteristic of polymers, most pipes cannot be bent; bend fittings must be used to change direction;
• consumables for sewage are made from polymers with different high-temperature exposure limits: polypropylene (80º), polyethylene (50º) and polyvinyl chloride (40º), pipe material should be selected based on the limiting temperature of wastewater;
• for internal and external sewage, pipes are made with different strength indicators, which for convenience are painted in different colors: gray for an internal or apartment pipeline, orange for an external one;
• when laying a heavily buried pipeline in regions with a deep level of soil freezing (more than 2 m), pipes with a corrugated outer surface are used;
• indoors, thin-walled corrugated pipes are used to connect household and plumbing fixtures;
• since the operation of the sewage network requires a slope of 1-3%, which allows wastewater to move by gravity, the sewerage system in the apartment is assembled from the riser to the appliances, in a private house - from the outlet to the appliances, and on the street from the outlet to the collection or discharge point drains;
• network elements are fixed to the walls with a fastening step of 8-10 pipe diameters in order to prevent sagging and deformation of the pipeline;
• even entire units made of polymer products are lightweight, so it is convenient to assemble large links of the drainage network and connect them to each other when assembled.

Installation of sewer pipes in your apartment may well be done by yourself. It is absolutely not necessary to invite qualified specialists for this. Modern industry produces a huge range of sewer pipes, which are easily assembled into a complete wastewater disposal system.

But a wide range of pipes has led to a significant increase in the number of ways to connect them. Thus, the choice of connection method depends not only on the skills of the master, but also on the material used to manufacture the equipment. It is easier to connect sewer pipes made of plastic, it is more difficult to work with cast iron, but in any case, in order for the system to work correctly, you need to know how to properly connect sewer pipes.

The nomenclature of the components of the sewer system

The wastewater disposal system is a complex engineering piece of equipment. In addition to the actual sewer pipes, it includes the sanitary devices themselves, such as sinks, toilets, bathrooms, and so on, and connecting devices that bear the common name - fittings.

The installation of the sewer system begins with the preparation of a project, during the development of which it is determined how many sewer connecting nodes you will have at home.

By and large, sewer pipes can be connected in two ways: detachable and one-piece. When connecting, seals are also used to ensure the tightness of the connecting seams. A welded connection is more reliable than a detachable one, but requires the use of specialized equipment and certain skills.

We connect plastic sewer pipes

The most popular and affordable material for the construction of a sewer system are plastic pipes. The material of their manufacture is polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride. They are very light and easy to assemble. The only drawback is the increased noise, so the sewer riser from such pipes must be closed with a box, otherwise you will be aware of everything that happens with the neighbors upstairs.

Connection method "in the bell"

Plastic sewer pipes come in several sizes, both in cross section and in length. Of these, it is easy, as from a children's designer, to assemble any equipment of any complexity. The connection process "in the bell" is as follows:

• The pipe joints (smooth end and socket) are carefully cleaned of debris.
• There must be rubber insulation at the junction. If not, you need to choose the right size.
• Apply an even layer of silicone grease or ordinary liquid soap to the smooth end of the pipe. Then the pipes are connected so that there is no play between them, until it stops. On the introduced pipe we make a mark that will show us the depth of the connection.
• Then the pipes are undocked 1 centimeter from the deepest penetration.

The same method can be applied when connecting drainage pipes.

Video - connection diagram of a sewer pipe through a socket

We connect plastic pipes on an adhesive basis

Polyvinyl chloride sewer pipes are very often interconnected with special glue. To do this, you must perform the following operations:

We connect plastic pipes with a weld

Some types of plastic sewer pipes can be welded together. To carry out such an operation, specialized equipment is needed - a plastic welding machine. With its help, the ends of the pipes are heated, their ends begin to melt. The ends of the pipes melting from high temperature are pressed against each other and fixed for a while, until the plastic cools and sets. As a result, a monolithic joint appears between the ends of the plastic pipes, which is completely identical in terms of strength qualities to a conventional section of the pipe.

Video lesson - how to solder plastic pipes with your own hands

We connect plastic pipes with fittings

Purchasing or leasing a welding machine makes sense if you do a lot of installation work. In the event that the entire sewerage system has several articulated connections, it is easier to install using fittings or couplings. This connection method is also recommended for fixing pipes and corrugated hoses. In any case, when using a coupling-fitting to connect pipes, it is necessary to use rubber or silicone gaskets to ensure the tightness of the joint.

And one more thing - plastic pipes do not have very high bending resistance. Therefore, in order for them not to sag, it is better to mount them along the walls on special brackets.

We connect cast iron sewer pipes

Traditionally, cast iron has been used to create sewers. This is a fairly strong, albeit fragile material. In addition, it is much more difficult to install than the new plastic pipelines. However, in many cases it is more profitable to use cast iron. It has good sound insulation, and it’s not always possible for you to dock a new plastic pipe to old cast-iron pipes. In order to carry out it is necessary to perform the following steps.

Sewer cast iron pipes, like plastic ones, have sockets. They can be inserted into each other like a nesting doll.

After the introduction of the smooth part of the attached cast-iron pipe into the socket, a gap is formed between them. This space must be filled with a seal. Most of the traditional linen tow is used for these purposes.

On top of the sealing material, the joint between the pipes is covered with a liquid cement mortar. For these purposes, it is recommended to use cement with the brand "400". In the process of maturation, the cement mortar intensively absorbs moisture. To avoid the formation of cracks at the junction, the junction is covered with a wet cloth, which must be regularly moistened.

In addition to cement, the junction can be sealed in other ways. Any waterproofing agent is suitable for this, for example, such as bituminous mastic or ordinary silicone sealant.

We connect the cast-iron sewer pipe to the toilet

When buying a new toilet and pay attention to the drain output scheme. It can be vertical, straight or oblique.

Installation of a toilet bowl with a vertical outlet

Such structures can be found both in the houses of the old, still Stalinist buildings, and in new buildings. The difficulty of installing such a plumbing device is that you will have to pick up a toilet bowl in the store, which, with its drain hole, can stand on the sewer pipe pipe and at the same time fit at a distance from the pipe to the wall.

Installation of such a toilet bowl is quite simple - it is installed with a drain hole on the sewer pipe pipe. A rubber cuff is laid between the pipe and the toilet drain, which reliably seals the connection and prevents the spread of odors.

Prices for a rubber cuff for sealing

rubber cuff for sealing

Installation of a toilet bowl with an oblique outlet

Oblique release is common in houses of later construction. Houses began to be massively equipped with such plumbing from about the 60s of the last century. In this case, the oblique outlet of the outlet pipe of the plumbing device is lowered directly into the inlet pipe of the sewer system. The junction can be filled with a sealant, and in the case of a cast-iron sewer, it is additionally sealed with a cement mortar or other waterproofing agent. Also, additional waterproofing can be provided with a rubber cuff.

Installation of a toilet with a horizontal outlet

This design of plumbing devices is found in almost all equipment manufactured abroad. As a rule, it is recommended to purchase such a toilet if you completely change the entire sewer system in the apartment or simply build it again. Learn that such a toilet scheme requires some space from a vertical wall; such a toilet bowl can be connected to a sewer pipe using an ordinary large-section corrugated hose.

Installation of sewer pipes made of different materials is quite accessible even to a not very trained user. Using your knowledge, you can significantly save on the wages of hired craftsmen.

How to properly connect sewer pipes: video

In this article I will write about how plastic sewer pipes are connected to each other, with cast-iron pipes, as well as with different types of styles. Some solutions may seem unusual, but they are quite capable of helping you out when installing complex configurations of the waste system.

General rules

A number of rules are relevant for the installation of any sewage system, regardless of the type of pipes and the style used.

• Gravity sewer socket connections are always assembled so that the sockets are directed against the movement of drains. In this case, the inner surface of the pipeline will be as smooth as possible, devoid of irregularities that can cause blockages;
• The pipe is laid with a constant slope along the drain. The optimal slope value is determined by the diameter:

• Pipes are not mounted with a bend or stretch. Turns are carried out only at the expense of shaped elements;

Due to the elasticity of the polymer, a polyethylene sewer pipe still allows slight bends.
For PVC, polypropylene, and especially cast iron, internal stresses are contraindicated: in combination with temperature changes, they often lead to cracks.

• Connections at bends and branches are made with oblique tees and half-bends at angles of 30 - 45 degrees. This eliminates the overflow of the pipe during salvo discharges and simplifies cleaning in case of blockages: the cable or sewer wire passes a smooth bend with minimal resistance. In addition, on a tee, they always move along the drains, without bending in the opposite direction;

• Complex assemblies with several shaped elements must be fixed with clamps. This instruction will exclude spontaneous undocking of socket connections;
• Horizontal sections assembled from plastic pipes are fixed with clamps, clips, supports or hangers every 8-10 pipe diameters. Otherwise, after 1 - 2 years of service, the pipes sag, forming sections with counterslopes, each of which is a potential site of blockage;
• When assembling the risers, the pipes are attached to each socket. A cast-iron bed is mounted in a similar way (horizontal sewerage);

• The connection of cast iron and plastic sewer pipes is carried out with a number of restrictions associated with the difference in strength and ring stiffness. In particular, you cannot mint a plastic pipe in a cast-iron socket and use a cast-iron cut or pipe to replace a section of a plastic riser. In the first case, the plastic will crumble, in the second, the plastic sockets will collapse over time under the weight of the cast iron.

It is still possible to bypass the last problem. To do this, it is enough to ensure the rigid fastening of all cast-iron shaped elements and pipes to the main wall.

plastic with plastic

How to connect sewer plastic pipes when assembling a gravity sewer? For connection, both pipes and fittings are equipped with sockets with rubber ring seals. The pipe is inserted into the socket with some force - and the next joint can be mounted.

Unlike cast-iron sockets that require chasing, plastic sewers, if necessary, are just as easily dismantled or disassembled for cleaning.

How to cut a plastic pipe in place with your own hands and prepare it for docking with a socket?

I do it like this:

1. I mark the position of the cut, taking into account the depth of the socket;
2. I wrap the pipe with a sheet of paper, aligning its edges, and draw a circle along the edge of the sheet. It will be exactly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;

1. I cut the pipe according to the marking with a grinder with an abrasive wheel. For metal or stone - it doesn't matter;

It is the abrasive wheel that gives a perfectly accurate cut with a minimum amount of burrs.
A circular saw, a hand saw, and even a diamond wheel cut plastic much rougher.
Abrasive cutting is not applicable only for polyethylene pipes: the polymer has a lower melting point than that of PVC and polypropylene and begins to flow.

1. With the same abrasive wheel I remove the outer chamfer. It will greatly simplify the assembly of the socket connection;
2. With a sharp knife, I clean the inner surface from burrs.

How to assemble the socket if the pipe does not want to go into the O-ring?

• Make sure that the O-ring is not twisted and fits all around into the annular groove in the socket;

• Apply a little liquid soap or any other water-based lubricant to the inside of the flare. In no case do not use engine oil and other fuels and lubricants for lubrication: they will cause the rubber of the seal to crack.

Is it possible to connect two socketless plastic pipes together? Of course. For this purpose, a sewer coupling is used - a short pipe with two sockets.

Installation is carried out in exactly the same way as in the case of joining socket pipes.

When installing horizontal sections of the sewer, which is not supposed to be disassembled for cleaning, assembly on silicone sealant is practiced.

It definitely won’t get any worse: silicone will ensure tightness even if, with a long idle time, the rubber seals lose their elasticity and leak. However, I strongly recommend that the reader refrain from saving on sealant: cheap silicone does not stick to smooth plastic, depriving the additional seal of any meaning.

Compensating pipe

What should I do if an additional shaped element (tee, cross, revision, etc.) needs to be cut into a straight pipe section?

A compensating pipe equipped with an elongated socket will come to the rescue.

The cut is done like this:

1. A section of pipe is cut. Preferably near the bell. If the nearest socket is far away, a sewer sleeve is put on the smooth end of the downstream pipe;
2. A compensator is pulled onto the upper tube until it stops;
3. The smooth end of the style that we want to mount is inserted into the socket of the lower pipe or coupling;
4. The compensating branch pipe is lowered through the pipe into the socket of the shaped element;
5. The neck of the latter is fixed with a clamp or clip to prevent its displacement and disconnection of the connection.

Plastic with cast iron

How to connect a cast-iron sewer pipe with a plastic one when replacing a section of an old sewer?

• A plastic pipe is inserted into a cast-iron socket of the appropriate diameter through a rubber cuff - sealant. The socket must first be cleaned of rust, deposits and remnants of the old seal (cement mortar and cabels). It does not hurt to apply silicone sealant between the bell and the cuff: the inner surface of the bell almost always has significant irregularities;

• A cast-iron pipe with a nominal diameter of 100 mm enters the socket of a 110 mm plastic sewer after cleaning the surface from paint and rust deposits. And in this case, it is desirable to chamfer from the end of the pipe (using a grinder with a circle for metal or a regular file);

The compensating pipe mentioned above is also perfectly put on a stripped cast-iron pipe.
I have used it to tie into the cast-iron riser additional taps. The expansion joint with a sleeve can also be used to repair a destroyed cast-iron socket.

• Those who are too lazy to bother with stripping cast iron can connect a sewer pipe - plastic to cast iron using a special adapter equipped with a wide socket and a thick sealing cuff. The price of the product is about 200 rubles.

A special case

As a separate item, I will mention the connection of the siphon elbow under the sink with the socket of the old cast-iron comb (internal sewerage). Theoretically, this connection should be airtight. The gap between the socket and the knee often leads to a persistent smell of sewage in the bathroom or in the kitchen.

Most often, this problem occurs in winter, when snow caps form on the outlets of the risers to the roof, interfering with normal ventilation.
The draft in the riser clogged from above begins to transport air, along with accompanying aromas, from the apartments down the riser to the upper ones.

The regular sealing of the connection in most of the piping kits for the sink is below any criticism: it is a plastic semi-circular plug with a hard rubber gasket.

The situation can be saved by a cuff for a toilet bowl with an upper tank, made in the form of two rubber cylinders of different diameters. It is pulled with the narrow side over the knee, and the wide side over the cast-iron socket, after which you can forget about extraneous odors in the apartment.

Pressure sewer

Usually, in domestic conditions, sewerage is made by gravity; however, with difficult terrain or when placing plumbing fixtures in the basement, individual sections can be equipped with fecal pumps. How are pressure sections installed?

• An ordinary non-pressure pipe with the obligatory fastening of all necks. The strength of pipes and fittings is quite sufficient to withstand a pressure of 3 - 5 meters. Rigid fixation of all connections will not allow them to undock;
• A socket pipe for adhesive joints. Solvent adhesive for PVC is applied to the outer surface of the pipe or to the inner surface of the socket, after which the parts are combined, rotated a quarter of a turn and fixed for a couple of minutes in a stationary position;

• Pressure polyethylene pipe. Its diameters correspond to the diameters of free-flow sewers and make it fully compatible with plastic fittings.

crazy hands

Finally, a couple more recipes that can help you in emergency situations.

Corrugation

It is a corrugated polyethylene tube with a diameter of about 100 mm with a smooth section on one side and a bell on the other with a cuff. The corrugation is designed to connect a toilet with an offset relative to the sewer socket.

However, it can also be used for other purposes:

• For installation of a toilet bowl with an oblique or horizontal outlet in a Stalin-era house built for vertical outlets. In many houses built in the 30s - 50s of the last century, the sewerage system is brought out in the toilet at floor level; for connection with the riser, a ladder is installed under the ceiling of the lower apartment;

• For turning the toilet bowl at right angles to the outlet. If necessary, two corrugations can be connected in series for this purpose. I happened to turn the toilet in this way in my own apartment: its dimensions and the washing machine installed in the cramped bathroom made it impossible to use the bathroom;

• For connecting two plastic pipes at an arbitrary angle (in particular, to bypass water risers and other obstacles).

When installing corrugations, it is worth remembering a couple of subtleties:

1. It shouldn't sag. I already wrote about the dangers of counter-clones above. In the case of corrugations, the situation is aggravated by an uneven inner surface;
2. The corrugation cannot be embedded in boxes and false walls. Its service life rarely exceeds 5 years. A typical problem with this fitting is leakage along the crimp.

Socket for glue

An ordinary PVC gravity pipe can be converted into a glue socket with special requirements for the strength of the connection.

This is done like this:

1. The end of the pipe is heated to a plastic state over gas, an electric stove or using a building hair dryer;
2. Then the pipe is slightly stretched (by hands in tight gloves or by pulling on a liter glass jar, the diameter of which approximately corresponds to a 110 mm sewer);
3. An impromptu socket is put on a smooth pipe with silicone sealant applied to its outer surface. The pipe should go into it by about 10 cm; as a rule, it has to be warmed up two or three times. Silicone performs the function of a lubricant and, after setting, a sealing adhesive.

Why is such a connection better than assembled on a sealant from ordinary socket pipes? The absence of a gap between the smooth section and the socket and, accordingly, exceptional fracture and tensile strength.

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The main types of articulation of pipeline elements

The types of pipe connections depend on the material of the elements, but can be divided into two large classes:

The first option involves simple dismantling of the structure during repair, partial or complete replacement of pipes. The second provides reliable fastening of elements made of steel, cast iron and polymers operating under excessive pressure.

Detachable types include:

One-piece joint options are used in structures that work under pressure. In this case, the pipeline must be a single structure with a strong connection of all elements. The main methods of permanent connection include:

The first type is used for the manufacture of a frame made of steel and cast iron, less often for polymer elements. The second option was created specifically for PVC pipes.

The socket connection is the simplest and most convenient for most types of pipes. This mount is suitable for plastic, cast iron and ceramic elements. Making a socket connection does not require rich experience and skills.

To articulate elements with a different cross section, special adapters are used for sewer pipes of different diameters. Such devices help to make the transition from plumbing fixtures and small-diameter devices to the main sewer pipe with a cross section of 100 - 150 mm. When working with pipes made of different materials, special adapters are used to ensure reliable fastening of elements of different weights, strengths, hardness and flexibility.

Execution of the pipeline from plastic pipes

The connection of sewer plastic pipes can be performed in several ways, the most common of which is the use of a socket and special adhesives. Heat treatment and threading are sometimes used when assembling a PVC frame, but the material of the elements itself does not involve working under excessive pressure, so such technologies are used much less often.

To create storage tanks and wells, plastic sewer rings can be used. Their connection to the pipeline is carried out by adapters or a corrugated pipe.

Using a bell

Easy to perform is the installation of the pipeline, which involves docking with a socket and rubber seals. The method is suitable for any type of pipe, but is most common when assembling a structure from plastic elements.

The socket is a part of the increased diameter at the end of the connected sewer pipes. The elements of such fastening are rubber sealing cuffs and rubber O-rings. Seals allow you to hermetically connect the structure and ensure its operation without leakage at a slight overpressure.

Connecting sewer pipes with your own hands using a socket does not require special experience or skills.

To connect sewer plastic pipes, the smooth end of the element and the socket are cleaned of dust and dirt. Next, the socket is inspected for the presence of a rubber seal, which ensures reliable fastening and tightness of the joint. If there is no ring, a sealing cuff for sewage or rubber seals of round section is selected for a smooth part of a smaller diameter, according to the size. The cuff provides a tight connection of the pipes and withstands the supply of wastewater at excess pressure.

The seal is placed in the socket. The smooth end of the second pipe is lubricated with silicone grease or liquid glass and inserted into the socket until it stops. A mark is made on the surface, and the element is pulled back by 1 cm. This technology involves a tight grasp of the cuff of a pipe of a smaller diameter.

Use of polymer glue

Depending on the difference in the diameter of the joined elements, as well as the conditions of their work, various adhesive compositions are selected. The easiest way involves the use of glue when using a socket connection. Adhesive fixation performs the functions of fasteners, sealing and sealing, so the installation of an additional rubber ring is not required. PVC sewer pipes should be connected according to a certain scheme.

Before applying the adhesive, the edges are thoroughly cleaned of dirt and degreased. Next, the adhesive composition is applied, and the pipes are securely fixed within 10 - 15 minutes. The junction is additionally sealed with one or two more layers of glue.

The connection of sewer plastic pipes of the same diameter requires the choice of special glue and another method of fixation. In this case, adapters are used to ensure reliable docking. The socket is an adapter. The technology is complicated by the need to repeat all manipulations for both pipes, as well as additional sealing of both joints.

Carving and welding

You can connect plastic pipes for sewage by other methods. There are special welding techniques, as well as the possibility of using threaded fasteners.

Special equipment is used for welding. The device heats the polymer at the ends of the elements to a mobile state. Next, the pipes are pressed against each other so that the molten plastic creates a single mass at the junction, and are fixed until the material cools. After cooling and re-polymerization, a polymer layer is formed at the junction, combining the two elements into a single structure.

When using threaded fasteners for plastic, American technology is used. Such a connection is the use of a nut or fitting and two threaded pipes. A fitting or nut securely connects the elements; an o-ring is used to seal the joint. The dismantling of the structure is carried out by unscrewing the mounting fitting or nut without additional rotation of the frame.

Execution of the pipeline from steel elements

Steel is subject to the negative effects of effluents. Its corrosion resistance is low, so its use is limited to sections of highways under highways and roads. Steel elements withstand significant loads, therefore they are used in places where the pressure on communications is maximum.

The connection of steel sewer pipes is carried out by welding or threading. The first option requires the use of expensive equipment, because stainless steel is difficult to heat treat. Welding is used in the construction of communication lines. Pipelines of houses and apartments made of steel pipes require a quick-connect pipe connection.

The thread reduces the corrosion of the material due to the absence of defects in the structure formed during thermal welding. Quick-release connections of pipelines facilitate the repair and replacement of individual structural elements, provide reliable fastening and tightness.

Threaded fastening can be performed by direct joining of two pipes with external and internal threads, or by the American method using a nut. The first option ensures the operation of the pipeline under pressure, but requires additional sealing and good sealing. An American threaded connection is easier to perform and further work. The disassembly of the fastening consists in removing the fitting or nut without unwinding the frame. The cape of the nut assumes an external thread, which increases the corrosion resistance of the structure.

Connection of cast iron pipes

Cast iron pipes are traditional communication elements, they have high strength and corrosion resistance. For joining cast-iron pipes, a socket or an American quick coupling is used.

The socket connection for cast iron elements becomes more complicated. The rubber seal for cast iron is not suitable, therefore, the gap between the socket and the inserted pipe is sealed by clogging linen tow. The fibers are compacted with a special wooden spatula, hammering and compacting the tow with a hammer. The material is laid and compacted until the compactor occupies about 65% of the socket volume.

Further, the remaining volume of the socket is filled with cement mortar for reliable fixation and sealing of the joint. When hardening, the solution requires additional moisture and protection from moisture loss, otherwise its layer will begin to crack and lose its tightness. Cement mortar can be replaced with special bituminous mastics, silicone sealants or asbestos-cement mixture. After completion of work, the pipeline is fixed for several days to harden the sealant layer.

The threaded connection is used for small diameter pipes. This method makes it easier to work with cast iron elements and provides reliable fastening of the structure.

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Connection methods

Today, plumbers use two options for connecting plastic sewer pipes:

1. Sectional. The connection is made using a coupling or flanges.
2. One-piece. The joints are connected by a welded method, put on glue or fittings are installed.

Flange connection

With this technology, rubber gaskets and cast-iron fasteners are used. The ends of the pipes are made even, a free flange is installed on them. After that, a gasket is inserted, then a second flange is superimposed on top of it. The whole structure is fastened with bolts and nuts.

Union connection

The end of the pipe is cut off, maintaining 90 degrees. A coupling is put on, the central axis of which must necessarily coincide with the docking place. Then points are marked on the product indicating the location of the coupling.

The inner surface of the products is lubricated with grease. The pipe is then pushed into the socket. The structure is pushed onto another pipe, adhering to the notches made.

When a free-flow sewer is installed, fittings made from special corrugated pipes are installed.

Installation by the methods described above does not require large financial costs. For work, you do not need to use very expensive equipment and special tools.

One-piece mounting

To carry out butt welding, you must have special equipment. In addition, electrically welded couplings are installed. The ends of the pipes together with the coupling are heated to a certain temperature. If adhesive mounting is used, use special glue.

Before starting gluing, you need to study the instructions for the adhesive composition well. Only the correct application will allow you to get a tight and reliable connection. It can be used for many years.

The welded joint has one drawback. To do it, you need to have very expensive special equipment.

Detachable connection options

This technique has two options:

1. Flanged.
2. Coupling.

It is better to make a connection of sewer plastic pipes in the first way. To achieve complete tightness, you need to install a rubber gasket and fix everything with cast-iron fasteners.

The sequence of such work is carried out in several steps:

1. Pipe cutting. It is very important that the cut is perfectly even. There shouldn't be any bevels.
2. The loose flange is put on the finished cut.
3. The rubber gasket is installed. Its protrusion beyond the cut should reach 10 cm.
4. The flange is superimposed on top of the gasket. It is connected to the counterpart.
5. The structure is fixed with bolts.

When a pressure or non-pressure system is being installed, when it is necessary to carry out repairs, coupling connections are installed.

To obtain a reliable and high-quality system, it is necessary to perform several technological operations.

1. The ends of the parts should be cut only at an angle of 90 degrees.
2. The coupling must be mounted so that its axis falls on the center of the docking station.
3. A special mark is made indicating the position of the coupling on the product. 4. The inner surface of the coupling and the end of the pipe are lubricated with special grease.
4. The first pipe is inserted into the coupling until it stops. The axis of the coupling and the pipe must match.
5. The coupling with the pipe is pushed onto the return pipe until it coincides with the notch left.

This technique makes it possible to dismantle the pipeline. However, when re-assembly is carried out, special attention must be paid to creating a tight joint.

The nuances of an integral connection

Depending on the technology used, permanent connections are divided into several options.

"In the bell"

The industry produces plastic pipes of various sizes. They differ in a certain section, have a specific length. Such installation strongly resembles a children's designer. You can assemble almost any equipment, regardless of its complexity.

Technology "in the bell" is performed in a certain sequence.

1. Connection points are thoroughly cleaned.
2. The connection point must be equipped with rubber insulation.
3. The smooth end is coated with silicone grease. It can be replaced with liquid soap.
4. The connection of sewer pipes must not have play. It is necessary to insert all the way and very tightly.
5. The depth of the connection is determined by the notch made on the inserted, inserted pipe.
6. The pipes are undocked by 1 cm. The largest penetration is taken as the base.

Adhesive connection

PVC pipes are often glued with special glue. To do this, several operations are performed.

1. The surface is cleaned.
2. Degreasing of the ends of the products in contact with each other is carried out.
3. The adhesive is applied with a brush.
4. Sewer pipes are tightly inserted into each other and held motionless for one minute. This is enough for the glue to stick well.
5. The docking place is sealed with an additional adhesive layer. It should turn out at the junction in the form of a miniature roller. As a result, the design will receive additional strength, it will not allow system leaks.

PVC pipe welding technology

This technique has gained great popularity, as the connection receives high reliability.

For welding, the edges are first heated with a special iron until they begin to melt. Then the ends are pressed tightly. After the plastic cools, a very strong monolithic connection is formed, creating a high tightness.

How to connect plastic to cast iron

It must be said that a complete replacement of cast iron products has not yet occurred. The complexity of installing such a sewer increases. We have to combine products made from completely different materials. Such work is carried out according to the developed technology.

Bell application

When the condition of the cast iron product does not cause any concern, the surface of the socket has retained its smoothness, you can use a special sealant for joining. The work is carried out in the following sequence:

• The surface is cleaned of rust, all dirt is removed.
• Sealant is applied to the outer surface.
• Then a rubber adapter is inserted into the socket.
• The new tube is inserted into the cuff.

This method is considered to be the simplest. It makes it possible immediately after assembly to start operating the sewer system. Moreover, to carry out such work, you do not need to resort to the services of professionals. Everything can be done independently, without helpers.

Docking without socket

When the cast iron pipe does not have a socket, the connection technology is slightly different.

Docking with silicone and linen

One of the connection options involves the use of linen winding. This requires a number of operations:

1. Where plastic is connected to cast iron, PVC pipe is processed with sanitary winding.
2. Pipes are connected to each other. The remnants of the winding with any sharp object, for example, a screwdriver, are pushed into the gap formed. 3. The docking place must be covered with a polymer-cement mortar. It consists of several components:

• Cement;
• PVA glue;
• Water.

When the work is completed, you need to wait one day. Only then can you begin to operate the sewer.

Another option for connecting cast iron and PVC involves the use of sanitary silicone. This technique will have a positive result if there is a small gap at the junction, approximately 2 mm.

Products are pre-dried well. You can use a building hair dryer. The gap is filled with sanitary silicone. You can use a special pistol. The strength of the joint depends on the depth of penetration of silicone, the deeper it is, the better.

Silicone will dry after 5 hours. Only after that, you can begin to operate the sewer.

Which connection method is considered the most reliable

How to connect sewer pipes - figured it out, but what is simple and at the same time effective?

The simplest system is considered to be "in the bell". Even a beginner can easily perform such an assembly. The tightness in this case depends on the rubber ring with which the socket is equipped. The direction of the flare must be opposite to the direction of the fluid flow.

Welding the ends of pipes is considered a difficult method. For work it is necessary to have special expensive equipment. However, the reliability of the connection and its tightness always remains at the highest level.

Adhesive bonding makes it possible to obtain a very strong bond. Before gluing, the parts must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and the surfaces to be glued must be completely degreased. The work must be done quickly and accurately, until the glue has had time to harden.

O-rings are used to secure the fittings. Such installation can be done by hand, an assistant is not required. In this way, you can connect products of small diameter.

The fastening must be done in such a way that the connection point has free access. This is necessary to remove blockages.

To connect sewer PVC pipes, you do not need to carry out special training, which cannot be said about metal counterparts.

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Replacing obsolete materials with plastic

Plastic pipes are increasingly used for water supply and wastewater disposal. All materials from which the components of the pipeline are made (polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutylene) are thermoplastic, i.e. at elevated temperatures, they soften, and upon subsequent cooling, they return to their original state (the structure and physical properties of thermoplastic).

Every year in the wastewater system, waste materials are replaced by new, more promising ones.

Sewer pipes and connections are a thing of the past:

• Concrete pipes, which are quite heavy, difficult to transport and install. To date, they have found successful application in the arrangement of local sewerage of country cottages and summer cottages.
• Asbestos-cement connection of sewer pipes of different diameters, characterized by increased fragility. As a disadvantage, low throughput. But asbestos-cement pipes are resistant to chemical attack, temperature changes and corrosion, light and affordable.
• Cast iron pipes have many advantages. Therefore, for many years they have remained leaders in the drainage system. But at the same time, cast iron products have a lot of disadvantages, first of all, a lot of weight and a tendency to clog quickly.

If we talk about plastic pipelines, then they, unlike their "brothers", do not have the above disadvantages. That is, plastic products can function trouble-free for a very long time - up to hundreds of years; not subject to rust, corrosion, chemical reactions, aggressive environments; very elastic, durable, etc. These pipes can be mounted in various ways, each of which gives an excellent result.

Due to the perfectly smooth inner surface, PVC plastic structures have a high throughput. As another "plus" - their lightness, so working with them is a pleasure. Now let's talk about how to connect plastic sewer pipes.

How to build a sewerage system from PVC pipes

During the installation and fastening of plastic pipes, branching in the desired direction of the moving fluid, specific fittings (fittings) are required. Thanks to their use, it is possible to build the desired design of pipelines.

Fittings involved in the assembly of internal sewage include:

• couplings;
• crosses;
• transitions;
• revisions;
• seal cuffs;
• tees;
• taps.

The plastic pipeline includes detachable or one-piece components. In the first option, flanges or couplings are used, so when building a sewer network, expensive materials and specific tools will not be needed. Accordingly, the installation work itself from a financial point of view will be inexpensive.

How to insert a sewer pipe into a pipe using one-piece elements? To do this, you will need adhesives, welding, special fittings, all kinds of tools. The result is durable and tight connections that delight consumers with their reliability.

If you need a completely detachable sewer network, then for this purpose it is better to prefer flanges or couplings, which in turn are classified into threaded and compression. With their help, assembly work is carried out quite quickly and does not require special skills. But, unfortunately, over the years, the tightness of collapsible units is violated, the butt joints unwind and leak.

Therefore, today detachable pipelines are used infrequently, and then for the installation of outlets with a cross section of less than 6.3 cm from washbasins, bathtubs and pallets. What is the installation of a collapsible element?

First of all, specialists pull an o-ring and a lock nut onto the pipe. Then the tubular product is placed in the fitting of the coupling, and the connection is fixed with an additional nut. It is screwed very tightly onto the thread from the end of the coupling. The work can be considered completed. See also: "PVC pipe connection options, which one is better to use."

High tightness of joints with one-piece connections

How to connect plumbing pipes based on socket technology? Let's try to figure it out. This technique is considered the simplest and most common docking method. It can be easily done at home without any skills at work.

The sequence of actions is performed according to the scheme:

1. Clean the connection points (bell, smooth end of the tubular product), equip with rubber sealing rings.
2. Cover the smooth end of the pipe with liquid soap or silicone-based lubricant.
3. Connect both parts of the pipe to the stop so that there is no play.
4. Put a mark on the smooth end of the pipe corresponding to the actual depth of the joint.

Then, according to the set risk, it is necessary to undock the tubular products by 10 mm relative to the level of maximum penetration. The socket must be directed against the direction of flow (read also: “What is a sewer pipe socket, types and features of installation”).

Consider another way - how to connect plastic sewer pipes using adhesives. First of all, you need to purchase high-quality glue for thermoplastic in the construction department, then clean the surfaces to be treated from dirt, sand them and additionally go through the degreasing mixture.

Then apply glue to the treated surfaces, insert the edges of the pipes into each other and hold in this position for about two minutes. This time will be enough for the connection to be completed. But for greater reliability and tightness of the joint, it is better to cover it with glue on top.

Another technique that provides an ultra-reliable connection of PVC pipes is the welding of their parts using special devices like soldering irons. Such equipment is sold in specialized stores. The rules for using the device are simple, so even a non-professional can perform this procedure. Welding of sewer pipes consists in melting the ends of the joined plastic pipes and at the same time tightly pressing the heated products. And in a couple of minutes you will be holding a monolithic system, absolutely sealed.

Sewer pipelines made of cast iron and PVC at the same time

In the field of housing and communal services, work on replacing old cast-iron pipes with plastic ones has not been 100% completed. Often, housing office workers use a more economical method - connecting PVC sewer pipes with cast-iron structures. This procedure is carried out according to the socket method, as well as the joining of purely cast-iron pipes, and is identical to the connection of plastic products (read: “How cast-iron pipes are connected to each other and with plastic or steel”).

First, consider the sequence of actions when connecting cast iron pipes. First of all, it is necessary to clean their ends, insert a smooth part into the socket and proceed to sealing the junction. A distinctive feature of this procedure compared to PVC products is that it is pressed in with oiled organic fiber cords instead of O-rings. See also: "Types of PVC plumbing pipes for plumbing, sewerage and heating."

1. Insert the end of the pipe into the socket and center with stops made of wood or metal, which must be driven into the free space between the pipes.
2. Screw a coil of oiled cord onto the connection and push the fibers into it. The latter should sink to about 75% of the depth of the socket.
3. Make another round of sealant and deepen it into the socket.
4. Repeat the winding of the cord at the junction until the rope comes out completely on the connection surface.

The sealing work is completed by applying a cement patch on top of the pressed fibers. You can replace cement with silicone sealant or bituminous mastic. The result is a highly reliable connection. Do not forget that after the time has elapsed, the sequence of sealing actions must be repeated.

The docking of plastic sewer pipes with cast iron is carried out according to the same socket system, only a special rubber adapter and the obligatory cleaning of the cast iron socket from dirt are still needed.

Using linen and silicone for winding

With a mixed connection of sewer pipes (metal + thermoplastic), you can still use linen sanitary winding.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Wind the linen winding at the junction of the cast-iron product with the plastic one.
2. Dock pipes.
3. Push the flax into the space between the pipes with a small screwdriver or narrow spatula.
4. Treat the joint area with a polymer-cement mixture.
5. Wait 1-1.5 days until the junction seizes tightly.

With a small gap between the products, the winding can be replaced with sanitary silicone. Beforehand, with special care, dry both pipes with a building hair dryer and fill the gap as deep as possible with a silicone compound using a building gun. After 4-6 hours, the sealant will dry, and the sewer system will be fully usable.

Now you have a complete understanding of how to connect sewer plastic pipes.