Sale and installation of equipment for water supply of a country house, cottage or apartment. Water supply of a private house - designing the optimal system and selecting the best materials (90 photo ideas)

Water supply at home is an objective condition for the normal living of its inhabitants. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Consumer water consumption rate" regulates water consumption in the range from 80 to 230 liters. per day per person. Consumption depends on availability centralized water supply, sewerage, bath or shower, the presence of a column for heating water and other factors.

In multi-storey and communal buildings, this issue is resolved by connecting to the system central water supply. For a private country house or cottage, you have to provide water supply yourself.

Of course, once you can bring water from external source in the amount of needs will not be difficult. But how to provide a family with water for a long time?

This article will help to solve this problem, in which the types of water supply, schemes, systems and methods for their construction are structured in detail. It also indicates the nuances of doing the main types of work with your own hands.

Types and methods of water supply of a private house

From the standpoint of the dependence of the source of water supply on external factors, two fundamentally can be distinguished different types delivery of water to the user:

Centralized water supply at home

In fact, the same autonomous, but within the region. In this case, the user does not need to take care of arranging the source of water supply. It is enough to connect (crash) to the central water main.

Connecting the house to the central water supply

All actions are reduced to the phased implementation of a number of requirements, including:

• appeal to the regional municipal organization MPUVKH KP "Vodokanal" (Municipal enterprise "Department of water supply and sewerage"), which controls the central highway;

• receiving specifications tie-ins. The document contains data on the place where the user's pipe system is connected to the main and its depth. In addition, the diameter of the main pipes is indicated there and, accordingly, instructions for choosing home piping. It also indicates the water pressure indicator (guaranteed water pressure);

• get an estimate for connection, which is developed by a utility or contractor;

• control the execution of work. Which are also commonly performed by UPKH;

• perform a system test.

Advantages of central water supply: convenience, simplicity.

Disadvantages: fluctuating water pressure, questionable quality incoming water, dependence on central supplies, high cost of water.

Autonomous water supply at home

It is possible to independently provide water supply to a summer house, private or country house using autonomous water supply. Essentially, this A complex approach, which includes activities for the installation of a water supply system, starting with providing a source of water supply, ending with its discharge into the sewer.

An autonomous water supply system can be represented as two component subsystems:

• water delivery: imported, groundwater, from an open source;

• supply to consumption points: gravity, with the help of a pump, with arrangement pumping station.

Therefore, in a generalized form, two water supply schemes can be distinguished: gravity (storage tank with water) and automatic water supply.

Using the container (water tank)

The essence of the autonomous water supply scheme at home is that water is supplied to the tank using a pump or filled manually.

Water flows to the user by gravity. After all the water from the tank has been used, it is refilled to the maximum possible level.

Its simplicity speaks in favor of this method, it is suitable if water is required from time to time. For example, in a dacha that is not often visited or in a utility room.

Such a water supply scheme, despite its simplicity and cheapness, is too primitive, inconvenient and, moreover, creates significant weight on the interfloor (attic) floor. As a result, the system has not found wide distribution, it is more suitable as a temporary option.

Using the automatic water supply system

This diagram shows the operation of the complete autonomous system water supply of a private house. Water is supplied to the system and to the user using a system of components.

It is about her that we will talk in more detail.

You can implement a completely autonomous water supply of a private house on your own by implementing one of the schemes. There are several device options to choose from:

1. Water from open sources

These can be surface sources: ponds, rivers, lakes. In some cases, such sources may be water purification systems. But, in our country they are not yet common.

Important! Water from most open sources is not suitable for drinking. It can only be used for irrigation or other technical needs.

Obtaining water from an open source requires the creation of sanitary protection of water intake points and is regulated by the provisions of SanPiN 2.1.4.027-9 "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water pipes for domestic and drinking purposes."

2. Water from underground sources: basins and aquifers

This water is, in most cases, suitable for consumption.

How to conduct water in a private house with your own hands

A step-by-step guide to choosing and installing water supply in a country cottage or in a country house from A to Z

The house water supply scheme consists of the following elements:

1. water source;
2. pipe system;
3. pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation relay;
4. filters;
5. fittings, valves, non-return valves and plumbing fixtures;
6. water heating equipment (for hot water supply);
7. sewerage.

Element 1. Water source

Starting to provide autonomous water supply, it is necessary to determine the source of water supply and equip it.

Among the subspecies of autonomous water supply with an underground source of water supply, there are:

1.1 ordinary well;

1.2 abyssinian well;

1.3 well "on sand";

1.4 artesian well.

The final choice will depend on the type and characteristics of the soil, the depth of the water, and the productivity of the water vein.

1.1 Ordinary well

A traditional well is preferred when the water vein is at a depth of 4-15 m. These are the so-called interlayer water sources. In addition to the depth of occurrence, it is important to determine the performance of the core. The incoming water should be sufficient to meet the needs of the family and/or household. Through the well, it is possible to ensure the flow of water at the level of 500 liters / day.

The undoubted advantages of the well are:

• independence from electricity supplies. So in the event of a power outage, water can be taken with a bucket;
• long service life (up to 50 years), which is proven in practice;
• low cost of work;
• the simplicity of the device.

It should be noted that due to the shallow depth of water intake, it may differ poor quality. This is due to the probability of entering the well ground water. Also, the well is characterized by drops in water level.

Important! When equipping a well, you need to properly position it in terms of distance from ground buildings. It should not be located close to buildings, optimal distance- 5 m. (will prevent the erosion of the foundation of the building). At the same time, the distance to direct sources of pollution (gutter, toilet, other sources) should be at least 50 m.

To dig a well, you need to perform a number of actions:

• take a water sample;

Important! Before you arrange a well on your site, try the water from your neighbors, or even better, hand it over for analysis. It may happen that the water will be unusable and all efforts will be in vain.

• obtain a conclusion on the quality of the soil and the depth of the aquifer. In practice, wells are often dug "by eye";

• determine where to dig the well. To do this, you can attract specialists, use special devices - indicator frames. And you can watch the dew for several months. The largest accumulation of dew in a certain place indicates the proximity of water;

• choose building material for finishing the walls of the well (mine). The most commonly used materials for this purpose are:

Reinforced concrete rings, which are made in factories or cast independently. Their diameter is 1-1.5 m.p., and the estimated service life is up to 50 years. The obvious advantage of using rings is the possibility of deepening up to 20 m, high speed and greater safety of work. In addition, rings are installed as work progresses;

Small-piece materials: brick, rubble stone. This material is suitable only for wells with a depth of no more than 3-4 m. Its use significantly increases the complexity of the work;

Processed logs. To finish the shaft, wells are suitable for logs made of wood that is resistant to staying in conditions high humidity. These include oak, larch, pine. The diameter of the logs must be at least 120 mm.

• dig a well shaft. To reduce the cost of work, this is usually done manually. You can determine the size of the mine in this way: measure the diameter of the concrete circles, measure their thickness and add 10-15 cm to the backfill. Then, with a circle diameter of 1 m and a thickness of 10 cm, the shaft diameter will be 1.4 m. If you plan to use another material, for example, brick, then it is enough to indicate the desired well diameter and add two material thicknesses to it;

• finish the well - internal and external.

1.2 Abyssinian well

Water supply of a country house from an Abyssinian well or well-needle is the easiest way to get water from minimal cost. To do this, just follow a series of actions:

• check the water
• choose a place under the well;
• hammer a well-needle;
• install a check valve and a pump (manual or automatic).

The reason for the increased popularity of wells is the purity of the incoming water, tightness, ease of drilling, the ability to connect a pump, and long term operation (up to 30 years), a significant amount of incoming water - more than 1000 l / day. Among the disadvantages are the shallow depth of clogging and dependence on the composition of the soil.

1.3 Well "on the sand"

In this case, water also comes from interstratal sources. A sandy well makes it possible to obtain cleaner water, since the aquifers are located after the loam that filters the water.

Thus, a well is used if the depth of the aquifer reaches 40 m.

The well has more than short term operation (up to 10 years) and allows you to get up to 50 cubic meters. water per day. The well is distinguished by ease of drilling, less excavation.

A detailed description of how to make a well with graphic visualization is presented in the video

1.4 Artesian well

Allows you to use water from considerable depths. The depth of the well reaches 150 m, which allows you to get water High Quality. The unlimited supply of water is also an argument in favor of artesian well. At the same time, the service life of the well increases compared to the previous option up to 50 years.

The method of drilling an artesian well is identical to the previous one. The only difference is what is applied mechanical way drilling: auger, rotary, core or shock-rope. The design of the well is shown in the diagram.

Important! According to law, artesian water is a strategic reserve of the state. Therefore, there is a need to register an artesian well.

Element 2. Pipes for water supply

Water supply cannot be organized without the installation of an extensive pipe system, both external and internal, and a water tank.

For wiring, galvanized, polyethylene, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used.

Important! Using plastic pipes will prevent rust and leakage. They are also more convenient to give the desired shape. Estimated service life of a polypropylene pipe is 50 years.

External pipes are laid in the ground.

Important! The depth of pipe laying depends on the level of soil freezing (indicated in SNiPs, for central Russia, the depth is about 1.5 m.). Pipes are located below this value. In this case, the system is not threatened by freezing and, as a result, deformation.

Advice. To prevent stagnation of water in the pipe, it must be laid at an angle to the house.

Next, one end of the pipe is brought into the house (for this, a hole is left in the foundation, into which steel pipe. It will prevent the deformation of the water supply pipe in case of shrinkage of the house). The second one is lowered into the well.

Element 3. Pump or pumping station for water supply

The pump can be installed in the house (basement or utility room)

And it can be installed in a caisson or pit (directly above the well). The diagram shows the installation of a submersible pump and a surface pump in the caisson.

To get a caisson, you need to dig a hole 2-3 m deep. Lay a sand-gravel cushion on the bottom and fill it with concrete. It is convenient to lay out the walls with bricks. A pump is installed in the caisson, and the contour of the caisson is poured with concrete (a layer of about 0.4 m).

There are two types of pumps:

Submersible pumps. They are immersed in water (a well, a well) and raise water. For convenience, these pumps are equipped with automation, which allows you to pump water from home.

surface pumps. They are pumping stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and a relay.

The hydraulic accumulator performs the functions of a water tower.

Relay - regulates the pressure of the pumping station.

The principle of operation of the surface pump

The principle of operation is as follows: the pump supplies water to the accumulator, which accumulates it. After the water is turned on in the house, the pressure in the system decreases. After reaching a critical level of 2.2 bar, the relay turns on, which in turn turns on the pump. The pump supplies water to the accumulator until the pressure is restored at around 3 bar. After that, the relay turns off the pump.

You can choose a pump based on the following data:

• depth of water (bottom of a well or well);
• the height of the water in the source shaft;
• height of the draw point;
• the volume of water consumed (m.cube).

The water intake pipe of the pump is lowered into the source. To avoid clogging of the pipe, filters are installed on its edge.

Important! The pipe is installed at a distance of 20-40 cm from the bottom (gravel pad). The distance is determined by the height of the water at the source.

Advice. So that the pipe in a traditional well does not move, it must be fixed to a special pin located at the bottom.

Element 4. Filters for the water supply system

Cleaning the water entering the pipe system is an important aspect of the water supply at home. Two types of filters are used for cleaning:

The first is installed on the edge of the pipe placed in the well. It purifies water from mechanical impurities;

The second is directly in the house and can be a complex multi-stage filter system. The scheme of water purification in the figure.

Element 5. Fittings, valves and plumbing

These are the elements that are necessary for hermetically connecting pipes to each other and to other devices.

Important! To prevent system rupture and water leakage, try to use only high-quality stop valves.

Plumbing fixtures include faucets, drain cisterns, water locks (siphons). Don't skimp on their quality either.

Element 6. Water heating equipment

They will be needed if there is a need for hot water supply, i.e. almost always.

Important! To equip hot water supply, it is necessary to provide for a separate outlet to the heater.

In this case, there are several options for choosing heating equipment:

• double boiler. It will simultaneously heat water for heating and household needs;

• single boiler. Designed exclusively for heating water for the needs of users. A boiler is required for such a boiler. In this case, the boiler can be accumulative or flowing. In the first case, it becomes possible to heat a large volume of water;

• electric storage water heater, allowing to satisfy the need for hot water of a significant number of users;

• some instantaneous water heaters. They will heat water for each consumer separately. Such a system allows more rational use of electricity for heating water.

Element 7. Sewerage

After the place for draining the used water is determined, the process of arranging the water supply can be considered complete.

Water drainage is a mandatory component and how more water consumed, the more it needs to be removed. So you need to approach this stage responsibly. There are also two options here:

• crash into the central sewer;

• arrange your own autonomous sewerage. A septic tank or septic tank is designed to collect water. Concrete and plastic septic tanks are shown in the photo. And their volume and quantity (total volume) depends on the amount of water consumed.

The video substantiates the rules for the construction of a septic tank for a country house.

The process of water supply from design to construction is shown in the video

Conclusion

As we see, there are different schemes water supply of a private house, from simple to complex, respectively, some will cost less, while others will cost more. Also, the cost of water supply is affected by the structural solidity, i.e. you will need a water supply device that works periodically (temporarily) or year-round - in winter and summer. In any case, the implementation of each system is possible with your own hands, but requires knowledge and skills.

How can individual water supply be organized in a private house? Today we will get acquainted with the possible sources of water, the applied schemes for its supply, we will study the equipment and materials for autonomous and centralized water supply. Let's hit the road!

Sources

Here is a list of possible sources of water for the cottage:

• Main water supply;
• The so-called country water supply with water supply for irrigation according to the schedule(usually 2-3 times a week). In warm regions, country water pipes are operated year-round. In this case, the problem is reduced to creating a reserve of water for its continuous supply;

• well or using the upper aquifer. The advantage of this solution is its low cost, the disadvantage is the low quality of water, which is polluted by rain and melt water coming from the surface, as well as the contents of adjacent cesspools and leaky septic tanks filtering through the soil;

Please note: the minimum allowable distance from a well with drinking water to a septic tank or cesspool is 50 meters.

• exploiting an aquifer surrounded by water-resistant layers. The quality of artesian water is noticeably higher, but the cost of drilling a well is also higher: its depth can reach 70-100 meters;

• Finally, if there is no running water on your site, and there is rocky soil under your feet, the water supply of the house can be provided by imported water from the tank.

In addition: non-potable water can be supplied to toilets and urinals, the source of which can be any open reservoir or a barrel installed under the drain.

Regulatory requirements

Now it's time to explore regulations. Do they have any recommendations on what is needed for the water supply of a private house?

The source of information for us will be the set of rules numbered 30.13330.2012, which regulates the construction of internal water supply and sewage systems. For the convenience of the reader, we highlight the points of the joint venture that are relevant for our case.

• Temperature hot water at the outlet of the tap or mixer should lie in the range of 60-75 degrees;
• With a significant distance from the water heater to distant points of water intake, continuous circulation of water should be provided in the hot water supply system;

• in places where it is disassembled, it should not be higher than 4.5 kgf / cm2 and lower than the value recommended by the manufacturers of plumbing equipment and equipment connected to the water supply;

Hint: all household and sanitary equipment, which the author came across in one way or another, remained operational at a pressure of more than 0.3 kgf / cm2. It is this value that can be considered the minimum allowable.

• If the pressure at the water supply input is higher than the standard, input;

• When laying water supply and sewerage together, water supply pipes are mounted from above. When laying hot and cold water pipes together, the DHW wiring is carried out above the cold water wiring;

• Long sections of bottling and DHW connections made of polymer materials(primarily made of polypropylene), must be equipped with expansion joints when heated;

• On cold water supply, it is allowed to use materials with a design service life at a nominal pressure of at least 50 years, on hot water supply - 25 years. At the same time, the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline should not increase during its operation;

• With an average daily water consumption of less than 10 cubic meters (that is, in almost any private house), the diameter of the water meter at the inlet should be 15 millimeters;

• Shutoff valves and a coarse filter are installed in front of the meter.

Circuits and equipment

How and with the use of what equipment can you provide water supply in a private house with your own hands? The implementation quite predictably depends on the water source.

Centralized water supply

The tie-in to the main water supply is carried out in the water meter well. As a rule, each cottage has its own well; its construction is carried out at the expense of the owner of the house.

Immediately after the tie-in, a water meter is mounted, including:

The water supply to the house is laid below the freezing level of the soil. It is better to mount it with a polymer pipe without reinforcement (polyethylene or polypropylene): these materials, due to their elasticity, endure soil movements without destruction and even defrosting followed by thawing.

Country water supply

How to conduct water supply in a private house if water is supplied according to the schedule?

In order to ensure its round-the-clock supply, we need a storage tank. As a rule, food-grade polyethylene tanks are used to store water. The volume of the tank is equal to the product of the average daily consumption by the maximum interval between switching on the country water supply.

The filling float valve is responsible for the automatic filling of the storage tank when water is supplied.

Water supply from the tank can be organized in two fundamentally different ways:

1. By gravity;
2. With a pumping station.

In the first case, the tank is installed in the attic of the house or under the ceiling of its upper floor. The water supply is connected to its lower tie-in through a tap that allows you to drain the water supply system without draining the water from the tank.

Such a scheme is simple, non-volatile, trouble-free, but has several rather unpleasant shortcomings:

• In winter, a tank installed in a cold attic will require insulation and cable heating;
• A water pressure of 3-4 meters will not seem comfortable to everyone;
• in the house with wooden floors the water supply will be limited by their bearing capacity.

All these problems are successfully solved by purchasing a pumping station. This is the name of the installation for the water supply of a private house, consisting of centrifugal pump, hydraulic accumulator and automatic pressure switch.

The pump creates pressure, the relay controls its operation depending on the current pressure in the water supply, and the membrane tank acts as a receiver, stabilizing the pressure and increasing the life of the pump by reducing the number of starts.

Here is an estimate for the water supply of a private house:

What you should pay attention to when installing such a circuit:

• The float valve is connected directly to the water inlet to the house or to country water supply, to other points of water intake;
• After the tie-in to connect the filling valve, a check valve or ball valve is installed at the inlet. The check valve will automatically switch from the water supply to the tank and back, but the closed tap will force the water in the storage tank to be continuously updated even with a stable input pressure;

• Another check valve should be between the pumping station and the tank. Without it, the water under pressure in the accumulator will return to the tank immediately after the pump is turned off;

• The section of pipeline between the tank and the pumping station must have the same internal diameter as the suction pipe of the pump. An underestimation of the pipe section will lead to a drop in the productivity of the station.

Captain Obviousness suggests: water supply with imported water from the tank is also implemented in one of the ways described above - by gravity or using a pumping station.

Well

Now let's look at the procedure for water supply in a private house from a well or a shallow (up to 20-25 meters) well.

The equipment responsible for lifting water and creating pressure is already familiar to us - this is a pumping station. Here it is worth making a small digression.

Most pumping stations have a suction depth of 8 meters. The limitation is not related to the parameters of the pumps, but to the magnitude of atmospheric pressure: it is this that ensures the rise of water in the suction pipe when a vacuum is created in it.

Reference: excess pressure in the atmosphere (that is, with absolute vacuum in the suction pipe) can raise water to a height of 10 meters.

However, this limitation is successfully circumvented by manufacturers of pumping stations with an external ejector. They use the Bernoulli effect to lift water from a depth of up to 25 meters (a drop in hydrostatic pressure in a stream of liquid or gas as the flow velocity increases).

Water with excess pressure is pumped to the ejector and, when flowing into the suction pipe, carries water from the well or well.

Important: the suction pipe of the pumping station is equipped with a check valve and a sand filter. Without a check valve, water from the accumulator will drain back immediately after the pump is turned off.

Well

With a significant depth of the well, a submersible pump is used to lift the water.

The head created by the pump is calculated as the sum of several values:

• Distances from the ground surface to the water surface;
• Heights above the ground of the upper point of the draw-off;
• Excess pressure (10-15 meters);
• A margin of 10-20 meters (depending on the distance between the house and the well), compensating for hydraulic losses at the input.

In addition to the pump, the following are responsible for the water supply of a private household:

• Check valve at the pump outlet;

• Membrane tank-receiver;
• Pressure switch.

In addition: the pump resource can significantly increase the frequency converter for the water supply of a private house. It provides a smooth start of the electric motor and control of its speed depending on the current water flow.

Water purification

As already mentioned, water from wells and shallow wells often does not meet the requirements of the current SanPiN for drinking water and needs to be further purified. The filter for the water supply of a private house can be installed at the inlet or directly at the point of analysis drinking water(usually in the kitchen).

The second scheme significantly increases the resource of replaceable filter cartridges: water for economic needs does not need cleaning.

Hot water supply

Responsible for heating water:

materials

What materials are used for water distribution in the cottage?

Let's remember what parameters the autonomous water supply system works with.

• The pressure does not exceed 4.5 kgf/cm2. If necessary (for example, when connecting a cottage to a main water supply in a multi-storey building), it is limited by a pressure reducer;

• The hot water temperature is set by the owner and does not exceed 75 degrees;
• Water hammer in a small closed circuit is excluded.

If so, the water supply system does not need a significant margin of safety. During its installation, you can use inexpensive polymer and composite materials, with a solid service life at a minimum cost:

• Polypropylene pipes with butt weld fittings;

• Metal-plastic pipes with compression and press fittings;
• Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) on compression fittings and fittings using the effect of molecular memory;
• Heat-resistant polyethylene PERT with socket welded fittings.

Useful: the last two materials are usually used for hidden water collector wiring.

Conclusion

We hope that we were able to answer the questions accumulated by the esteemed reader. The video in this article will allow you to learn more about how water supply and sanitation of a private house can be implemented. Good luck!

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Water supply of a private house can be arranged different ways. Although it is quite difficult for an unprepared person to independently understand all the intricacies and nuances of the operation of a water supply system, it will be useful to know the basics, at least for competent control of the work of installers. In order to competently choose the most optimal water supply option for your home, you need to understand its main types.

Water supply equipment is located in a separate room

Types and methods of water supply of a private house

Water supply in a private house is divided into two main types:

Autonomous. Water is supplied from our own well.

centralized. Water is supplied from a water main, which in turn is fed from a water tower or pumping station.

Each of these options has its pros and cons, as well as the features of conducting installation work, which ultimately affects the final cost of organizing the water supply of a private house.

Centralized water supply: advantages and disadvantages

The main criteria for choosing a water supply system for a private house are usually:

The presence of a water main in a particular area is banal, but this issue is sometimes paid last attention;

The quality of the water supplied (in some holiday villages there is only industrial water);

Reliability and uninterrupted operation;

Dependence on external factors (some lines are turned off for the winter);

Cost (sometimes it is cheaper to make an autonomous water supply than to crash into a highway).

Video description

Highlights on the required documents and permits, as well as how preliminary preparation is carried out - on the video

To the virtues centralized system water supply includes the following factors:

Automatic maintenance of the required pressure in the system;

Water initially undergoes purification - demineralization, removal of various impurities and mechanical particles, disinfection;

Low cost connection and all installation work.

The disadvantages of this option include:

Dependence on external factors;

The need to obtain permits;

Monthly fee;

The pressure in the system can vary greatly;

The quality of water often leaves much to be desired due to the high concentration of chlorine and other chemical elements.

Autonomous water supply: pros and cons

The organization of autonomous water supply of a private house requires large financial and labor costs at the construction stage. This is due to the need to dig a well, or drill a well, draw up a plan correctly, and then pick up and purchase everything necessary equipment. Next, everything needs to be mounted and connected.

In spite of high costs for the organization of autonomous water supply of a private house, this method has several advantages:

Independence from external conditions;

Possibility to carry out water supply in places where there is no water main;

There is no need to pay monthly water supply services;

Water quality is usually much higher, plus the ability to independently install the necessary filters, depending on specific conditions.

Autonomous water supply is more difficult compared to the main

As a result. Based on the foregoing, it is impossible to unambiguously answer which water supply system for a private house is better. The first option (centralized) is a lower initial cost and a relatively simple installation procedure. But the second way is independence and the absence of monthly payments, the best water quality and the reliability of the entire system, provided that the water supply scheme of a private house is drawn up correctly, the selection of equipment and its installation are carried out in accordance with all technological norms and standards.

Features of water supply from a well

Most often, when implementing an autonomous water supply for a private house, they use the option of supplying water from a well. This is due to the following factors:

The quality of water from a well is usually much better than from a well.

The volume of water is stable throughout the year, seasonal fluctuations are insignificant.

Durability (except for shallow wells "on the sand") and no need for periodic repair work.

The disadvantages of a well are more expensive drilling compared to digging a well, as well as the need to use more expensive borehole pumps.

Video description

Comparison of wells and wells in the video:

Types of wells

There are two main ways to organize the water supply of a private house from a well - the scheme may involve the use of an artesian well (up to 150 m deep) or the so-called "on the sand" (15-50 m). They differ not only in depth, but also in service life. The former can be used for up to 50 years, while the service life of the latter is usually 8-20 years.

Drilling of artesian wells is carried out using special equipment. Each such well is registered and a passport is issued for it. As a result, this work can only be entrusted to professionals.

Drilling wells "on the sand" can also be done manually, using an auger drill and extending its handles with pipes of suitable diameter.

Selection of pumping equipment

Pumping equipment is used to supply water to consumption points from a source. These may be individual pumps. various types(most often submersible - centrifugal or rotary) or pumping stations. When choosing such equipment, it is necessary to take into account the following parameters and technical characteristics:

Water consumption;

Minimum water supply column;

The highest point of water consumption;

well depth;

Nominal pressure (indicated in the passport);

Productivity (m³/hour).

In addition to the passport, all characteristics of the pump are indicated on the tags

The most popular and widespread are submersible pumps, the head of which is 60-80 m, and the productivity reaches 4 m³ per hour.

Scheme of water supply to a private house, water supply design

The organization of water supply of a private house begins with the preparation of a project. At this stage, it is necessary to take into account which type will be chosen, the frequency of use, as well as the source of water, the number of water loss points and the equipment used.

The water supply scheme will be fundamentally different, depending on which pumping equipment is selected for use. For example, it can be a submersible pump that is immersed in water and equipped with special automation. The second option is a pumping station or surface pump. Most often installed in a house, utility room or caisson. The third option is the use of hydraulic accumulators.

Hydraulic accumulators for autonomous water supply of a private house

The latter option is considered the most preferable, as it allows you to significantly reduce the number of on-off pumping equipment, prevent water hammer, thereby significantly extending the service life.

What factors should be considered when designing

An important role is played by the methods of purification and filtration of water, which are planned to be used. This can be a simple arrangement of a filter layer at the bottom of the well and the use of simple filters, or it can be the installation of filter systems.

Another important factor that must be taken into account when drawing up a water supply scheme for a private house is how hot water will be supplied.

In addition, the depth of the water pipes must be taken into account, which depends on the depth of soil freezing in a particular region.

A less expensive option for the implementation of autonomous water supply in private house is the supply of water from a well. This is due to the lower cost of digging a well, its long service life. Possibility of using less expensive pumping equipment.

Scheme of autonomous water supply from a well

Wiring diagrams

The most common water supply scheme is with serial connection. This is especially true for rooms with a small number of appliances and equipment that is powered by a water supply system. The main advantages of this option are the ease of installation work, the relatively low consumption of pipes and fittings. The disadvantages are a decrease in pressure in the pipeline, at the end points, the difficulty in determining the location of the leak, and it is impossible to turn off a separate pipe.

An alternative to a series circuit is a collector connection. The main advantages are aesthetics (hidden gasket), high reliability, due to the minimum number of connections, plus simple and easy access to them. In addition, such a mounting system makes it possible to separately adjust each element of the system and plumbing fixture. Disadvantages - more expensive cost of work and the need to use more pipes and accessories.

Water supply scheme: single-pipe and through a collector

Features of hot water supply of a private house

In order to organize hot water supply of a private house, use electric boilers, geysers, and solid or liquid fuel boilers. Each of these options has its own characteristics, pros and cons. AT recent times solid fuel boilers on pellets, husks, sawdust and other waste from woodworking or paper production are becoming increasingly popular.

In our directory, you can find the most popular companies specializing in country house water supply, among the houses presented at the exhibition Low-rise Country.

Boilers allow you to organize the heating of a private house and hot water supply - at the same time, double-circuit models do better. They differ high efficiency, ease of maintenance, economy, inexpensive fuel and durability. One of the most best options hot water organization is the application buffer tanks(heat accumulators).

Video description

Clearly about the use of a heat accumulator in the video:

A properly planned water supply system of a private house, plus correctly selected equipment and high-quality installation of all elements, allow the system to be operated for many decades, without any payments and special problems.

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Plumbing in a private house is not a luxury, but the most urgent need. Only those who have never had to carry endless buckets of water from a public pump or the nearest well can disagree with this statement. If there is no way to connect to a centralized water supply, it remains to organize it yourself. Today we present a few professional advice on the creation of an autonomous water supply system.

How to create your own plumbing?

Fortunately, the experience of organizing water supply to private buildings today is quite rich. A typical water supply scheme for a private house includes elements such as:

• water source (well or well);
• a device for supplying water to the system (pump or pumping station);
• hydraulic accumulator;
• system of water pipes, external and internal;
• necessary plumbing fixtures.

If the organization of water heating for domestic needs is planned in the house, the boiler will also become part of the water supply scheme for the country house. Most often, these are double-circuit models, in which the functions of home heating and heating are separated. tap water. Alternative option can become an electric storage water heater.

Read also our material on the installation of plumbing in a private house:.

Where is the best place to get water?

The organization of autonomous water supply in a country house begins with the search for a suitable source of water. Usually homestead owners have three options for solving the problem:

• well;
• well "on the sand";
• artesian well.

A well is the simplest and least expensive design, but there is not much water in it, and its purity is in question. Pollution with meltwater, runoff that has penetrated into the ground, various garbage and even the corpses of small animals - these problems are well known to the owners of wells. It should be noted that it is still easier to clean a well than a well, which can also be contaminated.

The well "on the sand" allows you to get water from the aquifer, which lies relatively shallow - 10-30 meters from the surface. Water from such a well is extracted using a submersible pump. Water from the well "on the sand" usually comes enough good quality, but the source must be properly looked after to prevent siltation. Water from a "sandy" well usually needs additional filtration.

The maximum of excellent clean water can be obtained from an artesian well. This is the most expensive and time-consuming way to create a water source, since artesian water runs very deep. However, a pump for such a well is not required, and several houses, or even a whole settlement, can be provided with water at once.

Please note: It is imperative to do an analysis of water from an artesian well. Although it is usually very pure, it may contain an increased content of iron or other minerals. It is also worth remembering that artesian water has a rather high hardness.

The happy owners of an artesian source will have to deal with government bodies. Waters from deep horizons are classified as strategic reserves of the state, so the source is needed in without fail register with the relevant institutions.

An interesting solution for the water supply system of a country house can be an Abyssinian well. The device of the Abyssinian well is relatively inexpensive, the work is carried out literally within a few hours, and you can install a compact Abyssinian well even in the basement of a private house.

How to deliver water to the house from a well or well?

For the owner of his own well, the most acceptable option for arranging water supply in a private house would be to use a pumping station. This system consists of a centrifugal pump, a hydraulic accumulator, an electric motor, a pressure switch, etc. Using a pumping station, you can adjust automatic switch on and turning off the pump, so that there is always enough water in the hydraulic tank and at the same time it does not overflow.

When organizing the water supply of a private house with water from a well, you can use a pumping station or a pump complete with a tank in which a float water level sensor is installed

You will learn about the device and principle of operation of the accumulator in our following material: .

A properly adjusted pumping station allows you to get a sufficiently high water pressure in the system so that you can use, for example, a hydromassage shower or other benefits of civilization available to citizens.

For a pump or pumping station, a place is prepared in the house or a separate room is built. The pipe through which water will flow is lowered into the well. The edge of the pipe, covered with a mesh filter, is placed approximately 30-40 cm from the bottom. A special pin is mounted in the concrete bottom of the well, to which a water pipe is attached to fix its position.

The pumping station can be successfully placed in the basement of a private house. In this case, the noise from the operating device will not disturb the residents.

Please note: The water pipe is laid in a trench to a depth that exceeds the level of soil freezing. So that in winter the water in the pipe does not freeze, you need to take care of the appropriate insulation of the external water supply.

When choosing a pumping station, you should focus on the characteristics of the well. A standard pumping station can lift water from a depth of nine meters to a height of up to 40 meters. However, if the well is located at a sufficiently large distance from the house, it would be wiser to use a centrifugal self-priming pump equipped with an external ejector.

The pumping station allows you to organize autonomous water supply in a private house as efficiently as possible. At the same time, it is possible to provide the same good pressure water, as in the city water supply

Before the pump, you need to put a check valve and a coarse filter. The fine filter is placed after the pumping station. Then install a pressure gauge and pressure switch. The pumping station is connected to the control panel and to the water supply system of the house.

Advice! After installing the pumping station, it is necessary to set up work to ensure the correct operation of the device.

Instead of a pumping station, you can use a submersible pump, the operation of which is controlled by a float sensor installed in the water storage tank.

In the same way, the water supply system of a private house is installed using water from a well. If the pumping station is installed in a separate warm room above the well, then the installation procedure is approximately the same as when organizing the delivery of water from a well.

When constructing a caisson over a well, it is necessary to dig a sufficiently spacious hole, concrete the bottom, install the caisson and properly fix it in the ground

However, it is possible to install a pumping station directly above the well, in a special container, which is called a caisson. For this you need:

1. Dig the pipe to a depth of about 2.5 meters. The diameter of the pit should be twice the diameter of the caisson.
2. Lay a layer of concrete at least 20 cm thick at the bottom.
3. Install the caisson in the prepared hole.
4. Cut the pipe so that it rises 50 cm above the edge of the caisson.
5. Dig a trench for water pipe. The depth of the pipes - 1.8-2 m.
6. Install the pump in the caisson and connect it to the well pipe.
7. Pour the caisson around the contour with a layer of concrete of about 40 cm.
8. After the concrete has dried, fill in the remaining space sand-cement mixture, without reaching top edge caisson about 50 cm.
9. Fill the remaining space with soil.
10. Install a hydraulic accumulator with a pressure switch, pressure gauge and other devices in the living room.
11. Connect all elements of the system, connect them to the power supply and to internal system plumbing.

See also our article step by step instructions for installation, connection and launch of the pumping station: .

After that, it remains only to check the performance of all elements of the water supply system, make sure that there are no leaks at the junctions, eliminate the identified shortcomings and enjoy your new water supply, the characteristics of which may turn out to be even better than in centralized city systems.

Even in the most provincial village houses, not to mention modern country cottages, you can significantly increase the level of comfort by simply installing plumbing in a private house. We will not assure you that this is such a simple matter, especially if the house has already been built and for a long time, and not only at the planning stage, but still, many plumbing installation works can be done independently without resorting to the help of specialists. As part of this article, we will try to tell you how to conduct plumbing in a private house, while we will only touch on work inside the house without taking into account the arrangement of the water supply source.

Don't neglect this important point like drawing up a plumbing scheme. Do not invent excuses for yourself: yes, I just need to get into the kitchen and the bathroom. Immediately, as soon as you decide to make a water pipe in a private house, draw a diagram of its laying around the house, taking into account all the elements: water consumers, collectors, boiler, filters and a pump. Designate the location of all elements and the path of laying pipes around the house. It is advisable to plot the distance on the diagram. This will greatly facilitate the task of calculating the number of pipes for the water supply.

The piping scheme can be done in two ways:

1. Serial connection of consumers.
2. collector connection.

Serial connection only suitable for small country house with a small number of water consumers, where 1 - 2 people live. For full-fledged country houses and cottages with permanent residence such a system would not work. It consists in the following: water is coming along the main pipeline throughout the house, a tee is placed near each water consumer with a branch in its direction. It turns out that if you use several consumers at once at the same time, the most remote of them will have a very low pressure that will not be able to satisfy the needs.

Collector connection is to take individual pipes from a common collector to each consumer separately. This provides almost the same pressure at every point in the house. Of course, there will still be some pressure losses associated with the distance from the pumping station, but these losses are much less than with a series connection.

The choice of a collector wiring system significantly increases the cost of plumbing in a private house. Mainly due to more pipes. But it's worth it. Next, we will consider the collector system.

Any private house water supply scheme consists of the following elements:

1. Source of water intake (well, well).
2. Pumping station. From the water source, a pipe is laid in the ground and connected to the pump. Before connecting it to the pump, there must be a check valve so that the water does not return back.
3. A hydraulic accumulator into which water is pumped.
4. After the accumulator on the outlet pipe, it makes sense to put a tee with a stopcock. One pipe will go for domestic needs, and the other for technical needs (garden, garden, car wash, etc.).
5. A pipe with water for household needs is connected to a water treatment and water treatment system, since water from an underground source may contain harmful impurities.
6. After the filter systems, a tee is mounted with a division into cold water and future hot.
7. The cold water pipe is connected to the cold water manifold. Shut-off valves are installed here for each line that will go to its consumer.
8. The hot water pipe is connected to the water heater.
9. Trumpet with hot water from the water heater is connected to a collector with hot water, from which pipes diverge throughout the house.

Other additional elements may be present in the plumbing system, but typical scheme and connection sequence remain unchanged.

Installation of plumbing in a private house

In work related to the laying of water supply in a private house, the most dusty and difficult is making holes in the walls or floor for the pipeline. Otherwise, cutting and connecting pipes, connecting to consumers, connecting to a collector, installing a pumping station and connecting filter systems, although they will take a lot of time, will not require much physical effort. So do-it-yourself plumbing of a private house is quite feasible task even for a beginner. The main thing is that the desire is unshakable, then everything is on the shoulder.

The choice of material for pipes

The first step is to decide what pipe material we will use.

• Copper pipes the best and most expensive. Corrosion is not amenable, they are not afraid of ultraviolet radiation, they are indifferent to microorganisms, they do not notice increased pressure, they do not react to changes in ambient temperatures, they are also not afraid of harmful impurities in water, and in addition, they instantly give off heat. In general, a dream - not pipes. One downside is the price.

• Metal-plastic pipes represent aluminum pipes protected on both sides (inside and outside) with a layer of polyethylene. The smooth surface of polyethylene does not allow deposits to accumulate and prevents the development of rust. The outer layer protects against UV radiation and condensation. Significant disadvantages such pipes are: fear of high temperatures over 95 ° C (deformed), sensitive to freezing of water, pipes with fittings must not be bent.

• Steel pipes- the good old version. They are durable, strong, but at the same time they are afraid of rust. It is also important that for installation it is necessary either to cut a thread on each pipe element for connection, or to weld pipes, which is a very time-consuming process.

• Polypropylene pipes Recently, they have become very popular when conducting plumbing in a private house. This is due to the fact that they have excellent performance characteristics, do not give in to oxidation, are durable (up to 50 years), are relatively easy to install, and the connections do not require frequent checks, which makes it possible to hide pipes under plaster. Of the shortcomings, only one can be distinguished - the need for a special electric welding machine for connecting pipes to each other.

Important! If your choice is polypropylene pipes, please note: hot water pipes require reinforced pipes(fiberglass, aluminum or other material).

Considering the number of pipes required for laying the collector system, the price for plumbing in a private house largely depends on the material of these pipes. So, when choosing, be guided by the price / quality ratio and do not forget about your budget.

The choice of the diameter of the pipes of the internal water supply

The correct diameter is just as important as the pipe material. This is due to the fact that too small a pipe diameter can lead to flow turbulence, which means that water in the pipes will move with noise, leaving a lot of lime deposits. The maximum speed of water advancement in the pipeline is 2 m / s, based on this, and it is necessary to select the diameter of the pipes.

The pipe diameter also depends from pipeline length:

• For a pipeline with a length of less than 30 m, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are suitable.
• For a pipeline longer than 30 m, it is better to use pipes with a diameter of 32 mm.
• For a short pipeline with a length of less than 10 m, pipes with a diameter of 20 mm can be used.

The correct arrangement of the water supply system in a private house largely depends on the correctly selected diameter of the collector pipe, so that it ensures the full simultaneous use of several consumers at once. To determine it, you need to perform simple calculations: for example, one tap with water passes 5-6 l / min through itself, we calculate how many and which consumers we can turn on simultaneously throughout the house.

• A pipe with a diameter of 25 mm (1 inch) passes through itself 30 l / min;
• 32 mm (1.25 in.) pipe flows 50 l/min;
• 38 mm (1.5 in.) pipe - flows 75 l/min.

If the family is large, many people live in the house at the same time, and there are few water points, quite often there will be situations when they will simultaneously use the sink in the kitchen, and the bathroom, and the toilet, and washing machine. The consumption of these devices per minute must be summed up - the diameter of the collector pipe will depend on this.

If the family is small, and there are many consumers of water around the house, then the calculation is made differently. It is necessary to calculate water consumption at the points of water intake and reduce it by 25 - 40%. This will be an approximate family expense.

Consider the connection of pipes to each other using the example of polypropylene pipes.

For cold water we use pipes with a diameter of 25 mm, a wall thickness of 2.8 mm.

For hot water we use reinforced pipes with a diameter of 25 mm, wall thickness of 3.2 mm.

Polypropylene pipe welding technology:

1. Cutting pipes into sections required size using special scissors. Be sure to keep the blade strictly perpendicular.
2. We mark the depth of welding on the pipes - in our case 16 mm.
3. We clean the place of welding with the help of wet alcohol wipes from dust and dirt.

1. For a special welding machine install nozzles of the desired diameter.
2. We turn on welding and set the temperature to 260 ° C. When it warms up, the lights will turn off.

1. We slide the parts of the pipes that we want to weld onto the nozzles for welding to a depth up to the drawn mark. At the same time, we do not turn the pipes, we do not make twisting movements.
2. As soon as they brought the pipes to the nozzles and started moving along the nozzles, we count 7 seconds. After the expiration - remove the nozzles, the second person must hold the welding machine.
3. We connect the pipes to each other without making rotational movements - quickly and evenly. Hold for a few seconds.

The result should be a smooth and beautiful perpendicular connection. If you are not satisfied with the result, cut off the section with the connection and repeat the procedure from the very beginning.

Before using freshly welded pipes, they must be allowed to cool slightly.

Plumbing in a private house

After the pipes are interconnected, you can start laying pipes inside the house. We recommend starting from the water consumer.

To begin with, we connect the pipe to the consumer using an adapter for a threaded connection, install a ball valve between the adapter and the faucet hose, which is necessary to shut off the water if repairs are suddenly needed, then we lay it towards the collector. There are several simple rules to be observed:

• It is desirable that the pipes do not pass through building construction(walls and partitions). But if this is not possible, when laying a pipe in a wall, it must be enclosed in a special glass.
• So that the pipes can be easily repaired, it makes sense to place them at a distance of 20 - 25 mm from the wall.
• When installing drain taps, make a slight slope towards the tap.
• When bypassing the outer corner, the pipe is located at a distance of 15 mm, inner corner- 30 - 40 mm.
• Pipes are fixed to the walls with special clips. Be sure to fix in each corner joint, on a straight section we place clips at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m.
• To connect polypropylene pipes at an angle, including 90 °, special HDPE fittings, tees with the same and transitional diameters are used.
• The fewer turns and corners in the line, the less pressure is lost.

When connecting a pipe to a collector, shut-off valves must be installed to enable the consumer to be disconnected from the system, including for the purpose of repair.

Connecting the pumping station to the internal water supply

The connection of a private house to the water supply is carried out by means of a pumping station, which pumps water from a source: a well or a well.

The pumping station is best located in the house, basement, ground floor or in heated technical room. This will protect it from freezing and make it possible to use the water supply even in severe frost.

From the source of water intake to the pumping station, a pipe comes up, which ends with a brass fitting with an adapter for a diameter of 32 mm.

We connect a tee with a drain tap to this fitting in order to be able to turn off the water supply to repair the water supply. Then we connect a non-return valve so that the water does not return back. If you want to rotate the pipe to direct it towards the station, then use a 90 ° angle.

• We connect a ball valve to turn off / turn on the water supply.
• Next is a coarse mesh filter.
• The finished pumping station must have a pressure switch and a damping tank. But if your pump is located in the water intake (well, well), and the rest of the equipment is in the house, then we connect a pressure switch on top of the pipe, and a damper tank or hydraulic accumulator on the bottom.
• Sensor that protects the pump from "dry running".
• We connect a fine filter to the remaining connection.
• Next comes the transition to a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm.

Before further work check the serviceability of the connection: start the pump - whether the pumping will go on or not. If not, then somewhere something was connected incorrectly or the accumulator was pumped over.

What is a hydraulic accumulator and why is it needed

The hydraulic accumulator is a sealed tank divided into two sections. One contains water, the other contains pressurized air. This unit is necessary in order to ensure stable pressure in the water supply system and turn the pump on and off when necessary.

For example, the accumulator is completely filled with water, the pressure in the system is 3 bar. When someone opens a faucet in the house, uses water, it leaves the accumulator, the pressure drops, the relay trips and the pump starts. Water is pumped up again, the pressure becomes 3 bar.

The volume of the tank can be different: from 25 liters to 500 liters, it is selected depending on the needs of the family.

Installing a water supply system in a private house does not necessarily imply the presence of a hydraulic accumulator. You can use a large storage tank and install it on high floor Houses. Water will flow to consumers under pressure created by its weight. But such a system is not enough to make the washing machine work.

Water from the source must be checked in the laboratory for impurities and soluble salts. Depending on the results, various filter systems and water treatment units, iron removers, etc. are selected.

Immediately after the accumulator, water must flow into the water treatment system. These devices must be located at a distance of 0.5 - 1 m from the accumulator.

Installation of collectors and boiler

After the filter systems, the water should be separated into two streams: one - into the collector with cold water, the second - will go to the water heater.

Before the collector with cold water, be sure to install shut-off valves and drain tap. On each pipe in the collector too. The number of pipes depends on the number of water consumers in the house.

The laying of water supply to a private house would be incomplete without the provision of hot water.

On the pipe that leads to the water heater, we install safety valve, expansion tank and a ball drain valve just below the boiler.

At the outlet of hot water and a water heater, we also install a ball valve. Then we connect the pipe to a collector with hot water, from which we spread pipes throughout the house.

On this, the installation of a water supply system in a private house with your own hands can be considered complete. Do not forget to first check the operability of the system and the absence of leaks in all parts of the water supply. If the results are positive, you can safely use it.

Plumbing in a private house: video - review