Optimum temperature and humidity in the apartment. What humidity should be in the apartment? Negative aspects of high humidity

The degree of humidity in the air greatly affects the state of health.

In our previous article, we discussed . Today we will touch on a related topic, namely, what humidity should be in the apartment. We will consider this issue, based on the norms specified in the regulatory documents. We will tell you what a hygrometer is and how it can be useful. In addition, we will not disregard the methods of increasing and decreasing the degree of humidity in the room. After all, a lot depends on this: your health, the safety of equipment, the condition of walls and ceilings.

Do not underestimate such an important aspect of the microclimate in the house as air humidity. Although many simply ignore this, which is absolutely irresponsible, especially when there are small children in the house. Toddlers are more demanding on air quality than adults. If you care own health and the health of your children, then this article will be very useful for you.

What humidity should be in the house

The question of what humidity should be in the apartment should be considered solely on the basis of the norms established by the sanitary services. As a result of research and observation, it was revealed optimal amount moisture in the air. Based on these data, they developed sanitary norms and rules that specify what is permissible and optimal value what humidity should be in the room. The document was approved under the number 2.04.05 in 1991. In addition, the document indicates the calculated values ​​\u200b\u200bof air humidity, which are used to calculate almost all sanitary standards. In SNIP 2.04.05-91 * it is indicated what humidity should be in the room:

• permissible - no more than 60%;
• optimal - from 30 to 45% in winter and from 30 to 60% in summer;
• calculated - in the warm season it can reach 75% if the humidity in the street is above this limit.

The norms of what humidity should be in the house are inextricably linked with the air temperature and the speed of its circulation.

Creating the right microclimate in housing is a simple task, but it requires taking into account several nuances. Excess or lack of moisture in the air negatively affects people, animals, plants, furniture and the house itself.

Therefore, it is not in vain that the regulatory documents determine what humidity should be in the house, because it turns out that a lot depends on this. To monitor the level of moisture, you need to purchase a hygrometer or psychrometer. You can also use folk methods, but they are too approximate, the readings of the device are still more reliable.

How to increase air humidity

To increase the humidity in the room it is better if the aquarium does not have a lid.

Knowing what is the normal humidity in the apartment, you can already make the necessary changes. First, let's figure out how to increase the amount of moisture in the air. The first thing you should pay attention to is the humidifiers that are sold in stores. They are:

• mechanical;
• steam;
• ultrasonic.

Comfortable air humidity in the apartment can be achieved using any of the above units. The difference lies in the principle of operation and, accordingly, the price. Mechanical devices drive air through a tank of water. For this, a fan is provided in their design. Dust settles in the water, but such a unit is quite noisy.

Built in steam humidifier a heating element, as in an iron. When it hits a hot surface, the water evaporates and the steam is released into the room. The disadvantages of such a unit: noise, scale, hot steam draws a lot of electricity. Ultrasonic devices to increase the amount of moisture, they also turn water into steam, only through a special membrane. These devices require distilled water.

In addition, there are ways to increase the humidity in a room without electrical appliances:

• get an aquarium
• install a decorative active fountain;
• install a weeping wall with backlight (decor element);
• put the water tank on the battery.

All of the above methods to increase the humidity in the house to normal can be attributed to permanent measures that do not require constant monitoring. For greater clarity, let's take, for example, the method of winding a damp cloth around hot pipes, which periodically needs to be re-wetted, as it dries. That is, having installed an aquarium, the question of what humidity should be in the house in winter already disappears, moreover, a very beautiful element appears in the interior, in which behind the glass there is a completely different reality.

You can increase the degree of humidity in the air by slightly changing your usual way of life. So, for example, you can open the bathroom doors wide open after taking a shower.

You can also dry your laundry indoors. Even a passion for flowers can control the readings of a hygrometer. Flowers are periodically sprayed, in addition, according to the condition of the plants, you can understand how comfortable the microclimate is in the room. Home flora is demanding on what air humidity should be in the house.

How to lower air humidity

Different models of portable air dryers.

Measures must be taken regardless of whether the humidity in the apartment in winter is high or low. To reduce the amount of moisture in the air, as well as to increase, can be used special devices called dehumidifiers. They are stationary and portable, the latter, of course, more convenient. These units reduce the level of humidity by cooling the air and settling condensate.

What is the comfortable humidity in the apartment for you? This is important because everyone has their own individual needs. Especially if you suffer from any diseases associated with the respiratory tract. According to SNIP, the average value of moisture in the air for comfortable life is from 30 to 60%, anything more is bad. We will discuss the consequences in more detail a little later.

How to reduce the humidity in the apartment without using dehumidifiers:

• ventilate more often;
• install forced ventilation in the bathroom and in the kitchen;
• let more sunlight into the room;
• the air conditioner dries the air;
• also dry the air (almost all).

The problem of lowering the degree of air humidity is much more difficult than increasing it. And the consequences are worse if the room is too damp.

Consequences of too high and low humidity

Mold on the walls is the result high humidity air.

We have already figured out what the humidity should be in the apartment in winter and summer, as well as how to lower or increase this value. Now let's talk about why it is so necessary that the air in the room be with a certain amount moisture. Let's start with dry air. If a person breathes such air, then the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes will also dry up. The consequences will be:

• pain in the eyes;
• body resistance to viruses.

Mucous membranes are a protective screen that does not let viruses into the body, and if this screen is weakened, then the immune system will simply be overloaded with numerous attacks of harmful bacteria. If the disease has already befallen you, then in dry air the healing process is significantly delayed, thick mucus does not cough up and does not go away, allergic reactions may occur.

In addition, dry air has an extremely negative effect on the skin, which is especially important for women. In such conditions, you can not use moisturizers, because as a result you will get the exact opposite effect.

The principle of the cream is to attract moisture from the air and transfer it to the cells of the epidermis. If the air is too dry, the cream will begin to draw moisture from the skin. As a result, she ages faster, wrinkles appear.

Too humid air is even more dangerous, because because of this:

• fungus appears.
• low and high temperatures are more difficult than usual;
• a musty smell appears;
• there is a risk of failure household appliances.

In addition, a person's stay for a long time in a humid and cold room can provoke the development of tuberculosis. Naturally, the risk of getting pneumonia initially increases, which, if left untreated, flows into the first stage of tuberculosis.

Brief summary

From this article, we learned that the normative amount of moisture in the air should not exceed 60%, and the optimal value is considered to be in the range of 30-60%. We figured out how to increase the humidity in the house. An electric humidifier, an aquarium, a fountain or an ordinary can of water on a battery will help with this. No less relevant is the problem of how to lower the humidity in the room, since too much moisture causes the appearance of fungus. Deviations from the norm in any direction are harmful to health.

IN modern society more and more people began to think about the quality of the air around them. And if on the street because of the abundance exhaust gases and natural features to influence the airspace is impossible, then in own house you can freely create a comfortable and healthy atmosphere. That is why the norm of humidity in a residential area began to be carefully studied by people who care about their health and at home. IN Lately various air purifiers and air conditioners have gained popularity. Very often, people, worrying about the temperature of the atmosphere and its cleanliness, completely forget about the level of humidity. Namely, this parameter has an active effect on the condition of human skin, ease of breathing, a sense of the temperature of space, and the duration of the service life of household items.

What is the humidity level in the apartment?

The state of humidity of the air space is based on indicators of saturation of the atmosphere with water-steam masses. In order to determine the percentage of mass air humidity in the room or in the building, you should use the following calculations:

• the absolute indicator of air humidification is determined from the number of grams of water in a cubic meter of air space;
• relative indicator is determined after calculation absolute indicator and looks like a percentage of maximum rate allowed in a particular room.

To determine the comfort level of humidity in an apartment, a relative parameter expressed as a percentage should be used. For what purposes should moisture parameters be taken into account? When. if the atmosphere is excessively dry, then there is a high probability negative impact on the external state human health. Namely: there is constant dryness and peeling of the skin, hair becomes less elastic and docile, nails become prone to delamination and brittleness, the mucous membrane of the eyes dries out quickly, causing fatigue and drowsiness, the blood in the vessels thickens and blood circulation is disturbed, slowing down metabolic processes and metabolism. The low level of humidity in the apartment affects the decrease in the level of human immunity, since microbes and irritants penetrate more easily through the unmoistened mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. People living in rooms with dry air are most prone to colds and allergies. except negative impact per person, low humidity in the room, the norm of which deviates significantly from the required one, affects the condition of household items.

Quick-drying plants and a cracked wood floor are the consequences of a lack of control over the humidity of a space.

Excessive humidity in the room also affects the person and surrounding objects. Namely, the abundance of water in space tends to make a person feel sleepy and unconcentrated, and also makes it difficult to breathe. The abundance of water in the atmosphere negatively affects household appliances and electronics. metal parts quickly begin to rust and become unusable.

Reasons for deviations from the norm

First of all, a huge impact on the state air environment the room temperature exerts. It is believed that high temperature contributes to greater retention of water vapor. That is why the relative humidity of the air at warm temperature in space there will be the strongest concentration of vapors. IN winter time When ventilating the room, the incoming cold air has a very low relative humidity, despite being fresh and pleasant to breathe. normal temperature to maintain comfortable humidity, it will be warm no more than 20 degrees Celsius. It should also be taken into account that the level of water in the atmosphere is also affected by pieces of furniture. Takes a lot of water Stuffed Toys, stuffed sofas and armchairs. In winter, the relevance of using means that regulate the humidity in the room increases significantly, since in addition to the cold, dry winter air in the apartment, all moisture is eliminated heating appliances and air conditioners.

The presence of an aquarium with fish in the house increases the level of humidity

The following factors influence the increase in vapors in space and the creation of a wet steam room in the apartment:

• the presence in the house of an aquarium with fish;
• moisture sources such as houseplants;
• boiling water in the kitchen;
• drying wet linen and clothes;
• leaks in the plumbing system;
• condensate on pipes;
• holes in the roof.

If there are such situations and problems in the room, then in this case we can say that there is high humidity. Also, evidence of a deviation from the level of norms in the direction of increasing water in the atmosphere is evidenced by drops of condensate on the windows.

Indices of the norm of humidity in the room

What humidity in the apartment can be considered normal? How should it be in a nursery? Before you rush to buy a humidifier, you need to figure out how the humidity in the living room will be considered optimal for living. Perhaps, after some calculations, we can come to the conclusion that the room does not require additional steam generators at all. IN percentage Comfortable humidity in the house should be between 30 and 60 percent. At the same time, the maximum possible permissible value water per cubic meter of the house should not exceed 65%. However, assumptions were introduced based on the characteristics of the climate and temperature in the environment and this figure was increased to 75% water.

The amount of water in the atmosphere should be determined in the bedroom, living room or other living room, except for such spaces as a bathroom, toilet, pantry, corridor. The parameters of the amount of moisture for specific items that may be in the apartment should not be excluded from attention, namely:

1. If the house has antiques, then in this case it is important to control the humidity level in the amount of 50%;
2. Fifty percent of water will also be comfortable for home appliances;
3. Books are best stored in a specialized room with a relative humidity of no more than 60%;
4. Tropical and indoor plants are very fond of high humidity and for them you can specially organize a place on the loggia with the amount of moisture up to almost 100%.

Moisture control for baby

Many parents who are worried about the state of their child's breathing install specialized air humidifiers in the children's room. However, what should be the humidity of the air for children? Young children and adolescents are extremely often susceptible to various infectious and viral diseases.

In the children's room, it is necessary to control the level of humidity

This may also be due to the drying of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Children's organisms are most susceptible to temperature and atmospheric changes and changes in the internal climate of the room. It is important to maintain a constant temperature, air purity and humidity in the children's room, in order to eliminate reactions to interseasonal changes in indoor humidity. The norm of humidity in an apartment for a children's room will be at least 50 percent, but not more than 70. The higher the humidity in a child's room, the easier it will be for him to fight colds and flu. Additional hydration of the mucous membranes of the child's respiratory system helps to quickly flush out pathogenic bacteria and microbes from the body.

Determination of relative air humidity

In order to determine the amount of water in space, special devices were invented - hygrometers. At the moment, there is no problem to purchase one for use at home. Such devices can be ordered online and are relatively inexpensive. To meet the needs of consumers, hygrometers were invented that measure humidity using electricity, chemical analysis or by condensation. In some cases, you can purchase a watch face combined with a hygrometer or an air temperature meter.

It is not necessary for a home to purchase an overly expensive and accurate device; errors of 5 percent will not be a strong drawback. It is important to consider the location of the device, namely, it must be installed as far as possible from sources of moisture. In this case, the indicators will be the most accurate. There are more folk remedies measurements of air space humidity. These include the method using fir cones. If you bring a cone from a Christmas tree into the house and put it away from heating systems, then after a few hours you can determine the presence or absence of water in the atmosphere by reaction. If the scales of the cone are closed and will fit smoothly to each other, then such a reaction indicates moist air. If the cone opens, then it is considered that the atmosphere is very dry and the space needs moisture.

How to regulate the water levels in the apartment?

There are several ways to help easily, stylishly and without extra costs adjust the moisture level in the space. What kind of humidity in the apartment can be without proper control? In order to increase the amount of water per cubic meter of space, you can do the following:

• buy an aquarium with fish;
• hanging wet towels on heaters;
• the use of a spray bottle with water;
• increase in the number of wet cleanings;
• purchase for a room a large number indoor flowers;
• using a special humidifier or steam generator.

You can increase the level of humidity in the apartment by growing indoor plants.

If, on the contrary, it requires a decrease in the amount of water by cubic meter space, in this case, you need to use the following methods:

• minimize the use of heaters in the apartment;
• dry linen and clothes on the balcony or in the bathroom;
• install an additional device for extracting moist air from the kitchen;
• increase the ventilation of rooms;
• installation of a special dehumidifier.

For budgetary control of moisture in the air, it is enough to ventilate the room in time, and in the case of dry air, arrange containers with water around the room. For complete and reliable control, it will not be superfluous to purchase specialized devices for climate control of the air space of an apartment, such as air purifiers, humidifiers, air conditioners, and climate control units. Controlling your own comfortable breathing is the concern of every self-respecting person.

"The most important thing is the weather in the house," the famous singer sang. But it really is. Optimal microclimate will save you from many diseases, while an imbalance in temperature and humidity is fraught with consequences.

But if everything is more or less clear with temperature, almost every house has a wall thermometer that records its changes, then what should be the normal humidity in the room (norm and tolerances), as well as how to measure it, not everyone knows. Today we want to pay attention to this issue so that each of you has perfect weather in the house.

What to aim for

Indeed, what should be the humidity in the room? The norm is an established corridor, which may be slightly higher or lower, but too much discrepancy threatens to worsen your well-being. Nowadays, they finally began to pay attention to this important indicator, put taps on battery radiators, and also buy special devices that help normalize the microclimate. The reason is clear, people react badly to changes in the microclimate and seek to neutralize this factor. What should be guided by, speaking about the humidity of the air in the room? The norm is about 45%, and this indicator should be strived for.

Let's define terminology

There are several concepts that are directly related to the topic of our article. This is the relative and absolute humidity of the air in the room. The norm in this case is a value that characterizes the presence of water vapor in the air. This is a fundamental characteristic of a healthy microclimate. That is, while we are talking about the absolute value. However, we are more interested in the relative humidity of the air. What does it mean? This is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum possible amount at a given temperature. Now it’s a little clear what we mean when we talk about indoor air humidity. The norm varies greatly depending on what functional load lies on a given room.

Regulated parameter

We are practically not interested in absolute humidity. Always, speaking about normal living conditions, we mean the ratio of temperature and humidity. Any person working in the health or safety industry will tell you that indoor relative humidity is a value that will not be the same for different buildings and rooms. In particular, six categories of premises are distinguished, depending on their purpose and features of operation. It should be noted that relative humidity is usually divided into optimal and permissible.

The standards we operate with

For the most part, we are interested in the humidity of the air in a residential area. The norm in this case is 45%. Although this figure is not the optimal indicator, but such a ratio of humidity does not threaten complications for your health. Let's talk a little more about norms and standards.

So, depending on the saturation with water vapor, the air in the room can be dry, up to 55%. Moderately dry air is considered to be air with a relative humidity of 56% to 70%. At a percentage of 71% to 85%, the air is considered moderately humid. Finally, over 86% is very humid air.

So, in an office or residential area, it is necessary to maintain humidity from 45% to 50%. This is at least enough to not experience discomfort. These are the lowest values, the air humidity should be higher in industrial premises. The norm here differs depending on the specifics of production.

Take, for example, the tobacco industry. To store tobacco, it is necessary to maintain indicators from 65% to 80%, and if we take the production of cigarettes, then it is desirable to reduce the humidity of the air to 55%. The printing industry is also sensitive to these indicators. For printing shops and paper warehouses, the optimal rate is from 50% to 60%. If we take woodworking shops, then the figures will be even lower, no more than 55%. Approximately the same figures must be maintained in the shops engaged in the textile industry. For a bakery, a room with a higher temperature - about 40 degrees, as well as a humidity of about 75% - is suitable. But greenhouses, which are created for growing tulips and mushrooms, require these figures to be raised to 95%.

The consequences of deviating from the norm

In fact, it was not in vain that we decided today to talk about indoor air humidity. The SNIP norm was developed not just like that, but in order to protect human health as much as possible. Doctors know that this indicator is very important. Any deviation from the norm will affect your health. If the air is very dry, this causes increased evaporation of moisture from the skin, plants and furniture. As a result, the skin becomes dry, the signs of aging appear much earlier, and the hair becomes brittle and dull. As the skin ages rapidly and loses its elasticity, metabolism is disrupted. Dry nasal mucosa is the cause of frequent acute respiratory infections and runny noses. Therefore, if you notice one or more symptoms in yourself, then be sure to take care to increase the humidity in the room where you spend a lot of time.

High room humidity

Setting the standards for indoor air humidity, SANPIN also notes the inadmissibility of too high values. First of all, it is fraught with the fact that humid environment promotes the growth of molds and pathogens that cause various diseases. At high temperature air, high humidity contributes to overheating of the body, and when low temperatures- hypothermia. Although if we consider the premises with central heating, then it is better to over-moisten than over-dry.

Our home is our castle

We spend a lot of time at home, so it is very important that ideal conditions for life. Do not forget that SANPIN prescribes indoor air humidity standards relative to the room temperature. As we have said, relative humidity should be between 40% and 60% at an air temperature of 22-24 degrees.

If condensate begins to fall out and collect in drops, it means that the maximum allowable humidity has been reached. Usually we can observe such a phenomenon at the border heating seasons. The included radiators, electric stoves and air conditioners dry the air very much, and in the high season the humidity in apartments is usually lower than in the Sahara desert. Houseplants are the first to feel the dryness of the air. They begin to dry and fall off the leaves. Then all households, and especially small children, begin to notice its effect on themselves.

Baby at home

With the advent of crumbs, parents immediately add anxiety. The heat exchange of the baby is still so imperfect that any airing is perceived by young mothers with hostility. Actually in vain, because Fresh air and compliance with the normal temperature regime is the key to the normal functioning of the immune system.

The optimal temperature in the nursery is considered to be from +20 to +22 degrees (indicators from +18 to +24 are acceptable). To control it, a regular room thermometer is suitable. It is under such conditions that a balance is maintained between heat production and its loss. In this case, indoor air humidity also plays an important role. The norm for a child is from 50% to 70%. You can regulate it with the help of a special device - a hygrometer.

What is fraught with dry air for the baby

Today, most of us live in apartments with central heating, so the problem high humidity air touches almost none of us. But its excessive dryness affects the child far from in the best way. Especially for newborns.

Exhaled air has body temperature and 100% humidity. And if the air in the apartment is dry, the body spends a lot of fluid to moisturize it. This loss of fluid leads to anxiety of the child, he sleeps poorly, is naughty, he often has a stuffy nose and difficulty breathing. Due to the drying of the mucous membranes, their protection against pathogenic bacteria and viruses worsens.

Requirements for the premises in which the pharmacy is located

We often go to pharmacies, because, unfortunately, medicines are an integral part of our lives. Pharmacies belong to the healthcare system, that is, the requirements for them are very strict. Medicines must be stored and sold strictly in the prescribed temperature conditions, are also clearly defined necessary lighting, humidity and other indicators that must be observed.

The air temperature, which must be maintained by pharmacy staff, is from +18 to +20 degrees, not higher. It is under these conditions that most medicines, except for those that should be in the refrigerator. What should be the relative humidity in the room? The norm in the pharmacy should not go beyond 40-60%.

How to maintain normal performance

Humidity and room temperature must be constantly monitored. But everything is clear with the temperature - you need to hang a thermometer and observe its performance. With an excessive increase in it, you can reduce the heat supply or increase ventilation. If the temperature is below normal, then on the contrary, it is worth connecting an additional heat source.

Humidity is more difficult to measure, often we do not have hygrometers at home. Therefore, there are two ways to get out of the situation. The first - we manage with improvised methods. We install an aquarium in the room, hang the batteries with wet towels, and put cans of water next to the radiators. This will provide additional air humidification, but it is difficult to control.

If you want to be sure that the conditions in the room are optimal, then use special devices for humidifying the air. They are silent and safe. This is usually a water tank that is equipped with a micro-spray system and a small fan that blows dry air through the cloud. Some models are equipped with a hygrometer, others - with a hygrostat, which maintains a predetermined level of humidity in the room. But usually these are expensive models that are used in production.

The relative humidity of the indoor air is important indicator, which must be monitored.

One of the main characteristics of a healthy indoor climate is air humidity. A normal level of humidity is very important for a person's well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to know what the normal humidity indicator should be in order to control it and, if necessary, increase or decrease.

Air humidity norm

To assess the microclimate various premises used relative humidity, measured as a percentage. That is, the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to a given temperature is determined environment.

For good health, the optimal humidity level is between thirty and forty-five percent. Permissible rate for residential premises - no more than sixty percent. Such humidity is considered comfortable not only for humans, but also for birds, animals and even household appliances and furniture.

According to the state building codes humidity in living quarters indicator should be:

• from 30 to 45% in the cold season;
• from 30 to 60% in the warm season.

The humidity rate also depends on the value of the room:

• in the bathroom and in the kitchen, it should be from 40 to 60%;
• in the living room and dining room - from 40 to 60%;
• in the library and office - from 30 to 40%;
• in the children's room - from 45 to 60%;
• in the bedroom - from 40 to 50%.

In winter, the air in the apartments dried up heating systems and air conditioning in the summer. Along with this, the amount of dust increases, and pathogenic microbes appear that contribute to a decrease in immunity and cause viral diseases.

If there are no air conditioners in the room, then in autumn and summer, at temperatures up to thirty degrees and frequent ventilation, the humidity index of the air in houses and apartments is most often normal.

The value of normal air humidity

A normal humidity indicator in a room helps maintain immunity and human health, as well as keep furniture, things and furniture in good condition. beautiful view indoor plants. However, it is not easy to keep the indicators in the norm. In most houses and apartments, the humidity is lowered for the main part of the year.

If the level is below normal:

1. The nasal mucosa dries up.
2. The process of breathing worsens, as a result of which the body is little enriched with oxygen.
3. The risk of viral diseases increases.
4. Often there is a feeling of drowsiness.
5. Decreased performance.
6. The mucous membrane of the eyes dries up in those who wear contact lenses.
7. Due to the increased dust content in the room, allergic reactions can occur.

Children especially suffer from low air humidity in an apartment or house.

Increased moisture content indoors promotes the formation of fungus and mold, the occurrence of respiratory diseases, reduced immunity, reproduction of dust mites.

In order for the humidity in the apartment to be optimal, it is recommended to monitor its indicators and, if necessary, increase or decrease it.

How to check the humidity in the apartment

To do this, you can use a special device or improvised means.

Humidity instruments

The percentage of water vapor in the air can be found using a psychrometer, hygrometer, or a special household indicator.

More accurate instruments are psychrometers which may be electrical or mechanical.

Hygrometers exist:

Each type of device has its own characteristics, but one base of measurement. Using a hygrometer is very simple - it shows the percentage of the amount of moisture in the room.

Today you can buy domestic weather stations, which represent digital thermometers equipped with humidity indicators. With the help of such a device, you can find out not only the humidity in the room, but also the ambient temperature, as well as upcoming changes in nature.

Folk remedies

If there is no special device for this device at hand, then you can use improvised means.

For example, you can use a glass of water, which will need to be cooled in the refrigerator for five hours. After that, the glass is pulled out and placed on the table away from the radiators:

1. If after five minutes a glass of water remains misted, then the microclimate in the apartment is normal.
2. If trickles flow down it, then the humidity is increased.
3. If the glass has time to dry in five minutes, then this indicator is lowered.

You can estimate the humidity level in a room using tables Assmann and thermometer. To do this, having fixed the temperature that the thermometer shows, it will need to be wrapped in a wet cloth and wait five minutes. After that, the tissue is removed, and the result obtained on the thermometer is recorded.

In the Assmann table, the dry thermometer readings are shown vertically, and the difference between the two indicators is shown horizontally. At the intersection will be the humidity indicator of the room.

You can build a "hygrometer" yourself, taking for this spruce bump and fixing it with tape or a carnation on plywood. Then you will need to watch her:

• if bump long time will lie unchanged, then the humidity in the room is normal;
• if her scales quickly begin to open, then the indicator is lowered;
• if even after a day the tips of the scales do not rise at least a little up, then the humidity in the apartment is high.

You can determine the moisture content by indoor flowers. From them it is easy to find out that the air in the room is dry. If fatsia, asplenium, diefenbachia, dracaena, ficus, the tips of the leaves dry up and even spraying does not help, then in a house or apartment low humidity air.

You also need to listen to your feelings. At an extremely low rate, irritation and constant dryness in the throat and nose may occur.

For a comfortable microclimate in the apartment, you must:

• regularly do wet cleaning;
• ventilate the room;
• grow indoor plants.

If the humidity level is low

Most often in the winter season in the apartment humidity index lowered. To normalize it, you need to take measures:

But most modern way increasing the moisture in the air is a special humidifier, into which water is poured, evaporating during operation of the device.

Traditional Humidifier equipped with a fan that drives air through the water tank and at the same time cleans it from dust and moisturizes.

IN steam humidifier water boils and steam comes out. You can even use it for hard or dirty water. Such a device can be sold with built-in nozzles and used as an inhaler.

ultrasonic humidifier Water is converted into steam using a special membrane. With it, you can fight germs in the room. However, only distilled water should be used for it, or special cartridges should be installed that will soften and purify the water.

If the air humidity is high

Dehumidifiers can be portable and stationary, which are mounted into the wall and have a large capacity.

An oil cooler can also be used as an air dryer. m equipped with a fan.

The kitchen and bathroom need install hoods. They will help fight moisture and excess odors.

If the humidity index is increased, then it is not recommended to dry the washed laundry in the room, and the sink and bath should be wiped immediately after use.

But, with any indicators of air humidity, it is necessary to ventilate the room as often as possible. Oxygenated fresh air kills bacteria, fungi and neutralizes dust mites. And most importantly, it normalizes the humidity in the room, while establishing a comfortable microclimate for a person, which is so important for health and well-being.

Assessing air quality, a person, first of all, thinks about its temperature and forgets about another important aspect - humidity. It is on the level of humidity that the general well-being of people living in the apartment, the growth of indoor plants and the safety of household items depend. determined by the state optimal rate humidity in living quarters. It can be measured both with instruments and folk methods.

In order to evaluate the air in a room, its relative humidity, measured as a percentage, is taken into account. Relative humidity is the ratio of the volume of water vapor to its temperature.

For a comfortable stay of a person in the room, humidity should not exceed 60% of the mark. In order for the well-being of people living in the house to be normal, humidity indicators should vary from 30 to 45%. These values ​​are considered to be the most optimal for both people and animals, and for furniture.

Humidity standards by type of dwelling.

In winter, the air is dried by batteries, and in summer - by air conditioners. Dry air increases the volume of dust particles, which contributes to the development of allergic reactions. There are also more pathogenic microorganisms that reduce immunity and cause viral diseases.

If there are no air conditioners in the apartment and heating devices are not used too often, while the room is often ventilated, then the humidity indicators of the air remain normal.

Norms according to GOST

GOST 30494–95 prescribes certain norms for the moisture content in the air, at which people, pets and indoor plants feel most comfortable:

• in the cold season - 30-45%;
• in the warm season - 30-60%.

Humidity standards are determined by two main indicators:

• Optimal value.
• Permissible value.

The allowed value is highest score, in which no harm is done to human health, but health may worsen and performance may decrease.

GOST provides for humidity standards for household items and plants.

In non-residential rooms, such as a bath, toilet and hallway, humidity indicators are not standardized according to GOST.

In accordance with SNiP (sanitary norms and rules) Russian Federation, distinguish the following room modes:

• dry (less than 40%);
• normal (about 40-50%);
• wet (about 50-60%);
• wet (over 60%).

Humidity standards for children

organism small child does not cope with environmental influences as well as the adult body. Children get sick with colds much faster. That is why the apartment simply needs to be maintained optimal level moisture. In particular, this applies to the children's room and play area.

In the child's room, excessive dehumidification of the air should not be allowed. Dry environment promotes moisture loss in children's body. As a result, the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx dry up, which increases the likelihood of the harmful effects of pathogens. Humidity of 50-60% is considered optimal.

Dr. Evgeny Komarovsky believes that the rate can be increased. If the baby is healthy, it should be 60%, with SARS - 70%. With more high level humidity, drying of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx occurs less intensively.

Humidity standards for a child in the warm season remain the same as in the cold. However, there are aspects here. The temperature in the children's room should not exceed 24 degrees. If the temperature in the room exceeds this mark, then 60% humidity will turn it into a tropical forest. It will not be easy for a child to endure such a microclimate.

The optimal moisture rate for a newborn is considered to be from 50 to 70%. This norm must certainly be maintained and not allowed to either fall or rise. Otherwise, the baby may begin health problems associated with excessive dryness or humidity.

Measuring with instruments

For supporting optimal performance necessary . And based on the data obtained, either humidify or dehumidify the air in the room.

To measure the humidity level, you can use special devices, and improvised means.

The amount of water vapor can be measured with psychrometers, hygrometers and household humidity indicators. The most accurate measurements are psychrometers. They can be either mechanical or electronic.

Assmann table (psychrometer)

The Assman table is necessary to determine the moisture in the air using a psychrometer - a device that consists of two thermometers. One - dry, the second - with a humidification device.

First you need to measure the air temperature with a dry thermometer, then repeat the procedure with the second, after wrapping its end with a damp cloth. The fabric is saturated with water, after which the liquid evaporates, and the temperature drops. Because of this, the thermometer with humidifier shows a lower temperature. The difference in indicators directly depends on the humidity of the air in the room. The drier the air, the faster the liquid will evaporate.

The values ​​should be recorded and looked into the Assman table. The vertical line shows the readings of a conventional thermometer, the horizontal line shows the temperature difference. It is necessary to find the desired values ​​​​and find their intersection - this is the percentage of humidity.

Varieties of hygrometers

All types of hygrometers have their own characteristics, but they have one measurement base. It is very easy to use the device. You just need to walk around the room in which you want to measure the level of moisture, and after a while the device will show the percentage of humidity.

There are several types of hygrometers:

• condensation;
• ceramic;
• electrolytic;
• weight;
• film;
• hair.

Recently, home weather stations have appeared on sale. They are equipped not only with a moisture level indicator, but also with sensors that allow you to find out the air temperature and weather changes.

Folk methods for determining humidity

Instruments for measuring humidity are not always available, and they are not cheap.

However, there are folk ways, which can help determine the degree of humidity in a residential area.

Glass of water

To accomplish this task, you need to take a glass glass and pour water into it - a little more than half. Then the glass is sent to the refrigerator for approximately three hours.

After the glass is taken out and placed on horizontal surface away from batteries and heaters. After 5 minutes, condensation will begin to form on the vessel. It determines what humidity is in the apartment:

• The glass dried up in a short time - the air in the room is dry.
• The glass remained fogged - the microclimate is normal.
• Trickles flowed down the glass - there was excess moisture in the air.

Cone

The easiest way to measure indoor moisture is to use a fir cone. It is placed on a horizontal surface away from the heat source. After a few hours, you need to carefully examine the bump. In dry air, its scales will be wide open, in wet air, on the contrary, they will be tightly compressed.

Humidity parameters are very important both for the general well-being of a person and for household items in the room. Therefore, the level of moisture in the house must be maintained at the proper level, not allowing a decrease or excess of the parameters.