Rosehip - photos and recipes for various diseases. Rosehip planting and care in the open field useful properties

Rosehip has long been considered a storehouse healing properties and was considered a sacred plant. Therefore, in modern world he has not lost his charm.

Rosehip bush can be found in almost every garden. Since those times, only the fact that decorative varieties have appeared that decorate the garden with delicate flowers has changed. That's why they called it the wild rose.

Types of wild rose photos and names

- this species has dark green shiny leaves with large quantity vein. Since the foliage is planted quite close to each other and thus covers the entire bush, branches are not even visible from afar, only continuous veins / wrinkles. For this feature, he got his name.

The bush reaches one and a half meters in height, dotted with pink flowers(single or in groups of 4-5 pieces), it can become, for example, a hedge. It blooms for a long time, from June to autumn.

- is a shrub with snow-white or slightly pink flowers. Blooms not long (2-3 weeks), but abundantly. This variety has significant both advantages and disadvantages.

So, for example, you should carefully choose a landing site. The fact is that the roots sprout over large areas, so if you need to get rid of the bush, this can cause problems. After all, even a small forgotten area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roots can grow again.

- a tall shrub (up to two meters), with a reddish-brown color of the branches, on which there are practically no thorns. The leaves are dark green with a slight bluish tint. The flowers are bright pink with a snow-white spot spreading from the center.

- an undersized variety that grows up to one meter in height, has small shiny leaves and bright pink flowers. Flowering lasts about a month. Differs in good winter hardiness.

– large variety wild rose, can reach 2 m in height, blooms for about a month with large pink flowers. Often used as a hedge.

A large, spreading three-meter bush with snow-white or pale pink flowers. There are also spikes bent like hooks. The main distinguishing feature of this variety is that it is used as a rootstock for various varietal roses.

With this wild rose, you must be extremely careful in the care:

• he is very prickly;
• very often throws out root suckers, which can harm neighboring plants;
• may freeze, but quickly recovers.

- medium height shrub with small pink flowers collected in inflorescences. It got its name due to the fact that the leaves are able to emit the smell of fresh apples.

- actively branching shrub of medium size with single small pink flowers.

- has thorns only on young shoots. The flowers are large, pink saturated shade, solitary. It is the oldest cultivated variety.

- has densely growing shoots with densely planted leaves of a bluish-gray color. It got its name because of the large number of thin spikes that create a kind of hairiness from afar. The fruits are edible, although they have bristles.

- has many small white flowers collected in inflorescences. AT vivo(in Korea) due to the warm climate, it can reach 6-7 meters in height.

In the cold climatic zones, it must either be removed from the main support and covered for the winter, or grown as a ground cover plant. Like it or not, the cold adversely affects this delicate plant.

- late flowering shrub, has thick spreading branches with rarely planted large leaves and flat spines peeking out from under them. The flowers are collected in paniculate, lacy inflorescences.

(yellow rose) - high ornamental variety wild rose. It is a tall, vertically growing shrub, while the ends of the branches are bent down. During flowering, the entire bush is covered with bright yellow shaggy flowers. Creating a gentle cloud. Great decoration for the garden.

It is worth noting that this variety tolerates frosts more easily than winter thaws which can cause the plant to die.

Rosehip planting and care in the open field

Before you start planting a bush, you must responsibly approach the choice of location.

Rosehip responds positively to well-lit areas for planting. It will be equally important to give preference to a small hill instead of lowlands, where stagnant water is often observed due to the close occurrence of groundwater.

In addition, do not forget about the protection of neighboring plants. The fact is that the root system of the wild rose grows very densely and actively, so it is necessary to make additional strengthening. To do this, a small ditch is dug at a distance of 1-1.5 m around the bush and a depth of at least 20-25 cm, and slate is inserted from those sides where it is planned to plant (or already have) other plants.

Another interesting fact: those rosehip varieties that have edible fruits are considered cross-pollinated, so they are planted in pairs, and if the task is only decorative ornament plot, then one bush is enough.

The rose is also a member of the genus Rosehip. Grown during planting and care in open ground, without much hassle, if you follow all the rules of agricultural technology. All necessary recommendations on cultivation and care you can find in this article.

Watering rose hips

With regards to watering, the bush is more likely to endure a short drought than frequent stagnation of water. That is why watering is needed only during long dry periods.

In this case, 4-5 waterings are enough per season (about three buckets of water, under one adult bush). If the summer is rainy, then there is no need for additional moisture.

Rosehip fertilizer

Fertilizers are applied according to the following scheme: in the first year of life - nitrogen, three times per season (in early spring, mid-summer and early autumn).

In subsequent years - once a year, in the form of compost and humus.

Rosehip pruning

A bush is pruned at least three years old. During thinning, old (more than seven years old) and branches that stand out from the overall picture (too long, for example) are cut, thus leaving the healthiest ones (20 pieces are enough).

The next year, new branches will appear in their place, which will bring the harvest. Pruning is carried out only in early spring or late autumn.

Rosehip collection and harvesting

Harvesting is carried out from the second half of August until September. At the same time, the berries do not ripen at the same time, so the collection is stretched over time. Ripe fruits, depending on the variety, become saturated red or burgundy color. The most important thing is to be in time before the start of frost. You should also not forget about special protection (hedgehogs and tight clothes), as the bushes are extremely prickly.

Harvested fruits must be dried. They can be dried either whole or cut into halves, removing the seeds and villi. In the first case (whole), drying is carried out in an oven at low temperatures (up to 70-90˚С). Well-dried fruits should spring when squeezed, and in no case should they be crushed or crumbled.

In the second case, the fruits can be dried simply in a dry room, spread on paper. Drying in this form retains much more vitamins.

Growing rose hips from seeds

Rose hips can be propagated in three ways: seeds, cuttings (seedlings) and root offspring.

Seeds are collected from still unripe fruits at the end of August in order to sow them in the ground in the fall (in October). It is possible to sow in the spring, but then 2-3 weeks before the expected date of planting in open ground, it is necessary to grow seedlings in separate containers.

Rosehip propagation by cuttings

Cuttings are cut in late autumn (October-November) 10-15 cm long and this should be the middle part of the branch (not at the base, but not thin young ends).

Then they must be put in water and wait for the roots to appear. After that, the seedling is planted in a separate hole, the depth of which is about 20 cm (it is imperative to lay lime fertilizer on the bottom).

If the rosehip bushes will serve as a hedge in the future, then they are planted at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other, if not, then at least a meter.

Propagation of wild rose by root offspring

For reproduction by root offspring, it is necessary to choose only the most productive bush, from which in late autumn (or early spring) the most reliable baby is isolated, which can develop independently.

Hilling is carried out several times, and after the baby takes its own roots, it can be safely separated from the mother bush.

Rosehip pests

Rose hips have a lot of pests, but you should not be afraid of this. If you take preventive measures in time, adhere to proper care and provide timely treatment if pests or diseases are detected, then the bush will delight you with bright flowers and useful fruits for many years.

Among the pests you can find: aphid , scale insects , mole , ticks and sawflies .

As a preventive measure against green aphid , at the very beginning of spring, even before the buds swell, the bushes are sprayed with a solution of a mineral-oil emulsion (for example, DNOC preparation). In the event of a clear aphid attack, tobacco infusion is considered the most effective remedy (0.2 kg / 10 l of water - insist for two days).

Another option: a decoction of hot pepper (0.05 kg of ground pepper or 0.1 kg of fresh per 1 liter of water), which must be boiled in a saucepan with a tight closed lid about an hour, after which two days to insist. The result is a very concentrated decoction, which is diluted with water (1: 7) before use.

These infusions are poured into spray containers. folk methods lots of. So, for example, an infusion of onions, garlic or pine / spruce needles is also known.

No less dangerous are sawflies , which lay their eggs on the shoots, from which the larvae that feed on the foliage emerge. When detected, it is necessary to remove the affected foliage and shoots, and burn them in order to avoid further spread across the site. After that, the bush is treated with one of the organophosphorus preparations.

Rosehip pest caterpillar

Treat for caterpillars are buds, leaves, and tops of young shoots. From the affected areas, it is necessary to remove the clutches with eggs and / or the pests themselves, and then treat with one of the solutions, with a concentration of 0.2%: trichlormetaphos - 3, phosalone, chlorophos, karbofos.

In addition, caterpillars can be destroyed by a more gentle method for the plant - a decoction of wormwood (boil 1 kg of grass in 4 liters of water, cool and dilute to a volume of 10 liters before spraying).

Rosehip diseases

In addition to pests, rose hips can manifest fungal diseases, the most common - powdery mildew . Symptoms: the appearance of a white coating on the leaves, gradually acquiring a brown color. It leads to twisting and premature fall of the leaves, a decrease or lack of yield, slowing down the growth of shoots.

In the fight against powdery mildew, rust, gray rot and spotting, the following complex solution is used: 20 g blue vitriol and 200 g of liquid potassium soap (proportion 1:10) are diluted in 10 liters of water.

Rosehip useful properties and contraindications

Almost everyone knows that rosehip has a lot of useful characteristics for the human body. Let's take a closer look at all these advantages.

Fact: 15 g of dried fruit contains the norm of a daily dose of vitamin C for a person.

Use in medicine: increases the body's resistance to viral diseases, promotes the healing of wounds, ulcers and burns, improves well-being in diseases of the liver, kidneys and gallbladder (a decoction of dried berries is used). During gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery, it is recommended to use a decoction of rosehip branches and shoots.

It has been observed that regular consumption of rose hips, in small doses, helps protect against the early spring annual breakdown and strengthens the immune system.

Rosehip jam

Ingredients:

• 1 cup of sugar
• 2 cups berries

To begin with, the collected fruits must be washed, dried, cut in half and seeds removed. So, approximately, half a kilo of blanks will come out from a kilogram of berries. After cleaning, the dogrose must be washed again in order to get rid of the remnants of seeds and villi.

And now the most important thing. Before you fill the berries with sugar and start cooking, you need to spend a very important procedure to help soften the skin. To do this, pour the berries with boiling water, put on fire for five minutes, then drain and rinse in cold water. Now we fall asleep with sugar and add 1-2 tbsp. l. water.

The jam is boiled three times for five minutes (after boiling), with intervals for cooling (for 7-8 hours). Be sure to remove the foam that forms on the surface.

Important point! The finished jam is transferred to a sterilized jar with a screw cap and stored in the basement or refrigerator. If you store jam at room temperature, then the amount of sugar must be doubled.

Rosehip is a wild rose bush growing to a height of 2 m with drooping and straight branches. The shape of the bush is high triangular, and some species resemble the shape of a pillow. But they are all very decorative during the flowering period. Let's take a closer look at the biological description and varieties of Rosehip and figure out what it is - a tree or a shrub.

tree or shrub

Wikipedia says that Rosehip is a deciduous shrub with straight or creeping branches. Depending on natural conditions or bush care, it grows to different heights, but not more than 3 m.

Other sources also say that it is a shrub of various heights, and it does not have a central trunk, so that it can be classified as a tree.

Useful Features

Rose hips contain many vitamins and other useful substances. And therefore the plant has many features:

1. Prepared from fruits- teas, pasta, jam, compotes, sweets and much more.
2. From- make jam.
3. Fruit in Slovenia added to wine and give them a special taste.
4. Young shoots in the Caucasus were eaten, and young leaf plates brewed into tea.
5. Pharmacological plants make various vitamins, syrups, extracts.

Popular varieties

Rosehip has many species and varieties that are used in gardening, planted with bushes or used for rootstock, growing decorative varietal roses. Some of the varieties below are especially sought after by flower lovers..

Dahurian

In the wild, it can be found in the Far East. Possesses upright branches 1.5 m high. Flowers are dark pink up to 4 cm in diameter.

This variety gives a lot of basal cuttings for reproduction.

spiky

This type of Rosehip withstands frosts up to -40 degrees. The height of the shrub is 1-3 m, the berries are average 1.5 cm long.

Berries of this type contain more vitamin C than other types.

prickly

The main difference from other species is the white flowers that bloom in spring. Wherein fruits, ripening, acquire a dark blue, almost black color. Flowering occurs at the end of May.

May (cinnamon)

This type of rosehip grows in middle lane Russia. The favorite habitat of shrubs is floodplains, where they can form impenetrable thickets. Flowering begins in May and lasts 15 days, the flowers are simple, pink. At the end of summer, bright red fruits grow in their place, and the bush looks very beautiful. The height of the bush varies depending on its habitat. In partial shade, it can reach a height of 2 m, and in sunny arid areas, 120 cm is the limit of its growth.

The main difference from other varieties is the small thorns at the base of the branches.

Wrinkly

In the wild, it grows in Russia in the Far East. The shape of the shrub can be varied, but most often there is a form that spreads along the ground. Flowers appear on the bush throughout the summer and they are quite large, bright pink..

In autumn, this variety is covered not only orange berries but also beautiful orange foliage.

bluish

Grows in the European part of Russia. The height of the bush is 3 m and the shoots have a bluish color.. The flowers are small, pink and collected in inflorescences from 3 to 15 pcs.

The variety is suitable for creating hedges.

Canine

It grows in the black earth regions of Europe and Russia. This type of Rosehip is often used as a rootstock for growing cultivated roses.. Absolutely unpretentious and frost-resistant, withstands almost any frost. AT natural conditions it is a vigorous shrub with thorns on stems that are infrequently arranged. It blooms for a short time, with pale pink flowers; in August, elongated red fruits appear in place of the flowers.

Apple

This type of Rosehip got its name for its fruits that ripen in August. They are large and resemble small wild apples.. At the same time, their colors are first yellow, and then they begin to blush from one side and miniature apples are obtained.

It is distributed only in the south of Russia, and even there, in winters with little snow, it manages to freeze slightly.

Planting and caring for Rosehip

We plant in a summer cottage

Rose hips can be planted in the spring before the dissolution of leaf buds or in the fall when the hot season subsides. A place should be chosen with a lot of sunlight.

Soil preparation and planting

The best soils for planting rose hips are sandy or loamy

The soil must be sufficiently fertile. Ideally, if it is loamy or slightly acidic. If the groundwater on the site is very close to the surface of the earth, then when planting a seedling, a drainage cushion is made of crushed stone.

The thickness of the pillow should be 20 cm.

Before digging a 60x60 cm planting hole, the soil must be cleared of different sort weeds. After that, the soil is dug up on a shovel bayonet and pits are prepared.

Features of the correct fit

In order for the bush to take root, it is necessary to follow some recommendations for planting Rosehip seedlings:

1. At the bottom of the pit do small hill from nutrient soil.
2. Good spill water.
3. A seedling is placed on it and straighten the root system in different directions.
4. The soil dug out of the pit is mixed with humus, and the root system is sprinkled, at the same time squeezing the soil with your hands to get rid of the void in the earth.
5. The distance between planted seedlings should be not less than 130 cm.

In order for the Rosehip bush to take root well, the root system is shortened by one third of the length.

Proper aftercare

In order to get a large harvest of Rosehip, it is necessary to carry out certain measures to care for it.

Watering is done regularly. Stopping it only during the rains. In their absence, watered once every two weeks, 30 liters of water under the bush. If the bush is in the fruiting stage, then it is necessary to pour 50 liters of water under the bush.

Loosening the soil around the planted Rosehip bush, produced after each watering or past rain, so that the root system has access to air. Simultaneously with loosening, the removal of germinated weeds is also carried out.

pruning

This is an important event in the cultivation of this crop. The first pruning should be done after the seedling is planted in the ground.. All branches are cut off, only the three strongest remain, and they are shortened by one third.

Any pruning should be carried out with a garden pruner in order to less injure the branches of the bush.

The second pruning is carried out in the spring, two years later.. At this time, all broken or frozen branches in winter are removed under the root. The rest of the branches are cut at a height of 25 cm.

About after five years, the bush must be thinned out annually, cutting several branches under the root. Because Rosehip branches well and the bush will be very thickened. This will prevent the formation of flower buds, and, consequently, the number of ripening fruits will decrease.

How to prepare for winter

Since this plant has great winter hardiness, most varieties do not need shelter for the winter. But there are such regions in Russia that have long winter cold snaps, then you can resort to such a method as:

• prune the bush to a height of 30 cm;
• Throw leaves on it and put spruce branches;
• Cover from above lutrasilom.

All this to do when the weather is really cold.

reproduction

Rosehip can be propagated different ways, only seed is not in great demand, as it will take a long time to wait for fruiting.

Seeds are harvested in August and extracted from the fruit. After washing with warm water, they are dried and planted in September on a prepared garden bed. Close them up to a depth of 2 cm.

In the spring, when the snow melts, young Rosehip seedlings will appear from under the ground.

Green cuttings are done in this way:

1. Cuttings are cut with secateurs making an oblique cut.
2. Envelop any growth stimulator roots.
3. Planted in containers and water when dry.
4. A month and a half later seedlings are ready for planting at the main place of residence.

Propagated by layering in spring, bending the flexible young shoot to the ground, and pinning it for good fixation. A month later, with good soil moisture, its own root system appears on the shoot.

Keep an eye on watering at this time so that the earth does not dry out.

Diseases and pests

Rosehip is sometimes affected by aphids or scale insects. Since the bush has a large vegetative mass, it is cut off at the root, and the hemp is treated with Aktellik's solution, diluted according to the instructions.

If there is a long rainy season in the region and any fungal diseases are found on the Rosehip bush, then it is also cut off, leaving 30 cm above the soil surface and treated with any fungicides.

At the same time, cut branches should be burned outside the site.

You can talk about Rosehip for a long time, although sometimes some gardeners treat him with noticeable disdain. Although it serves as an excellent medicinal source, works as a good rootstock for garden roses.

In the northern territories and in the south, in the west and in the east. What variety of species and forms adapted to different conditions growth from which garden roses also originated.

What kind of plant is this - wild rose? This is the name of many types of shrubs genus Rosa or Rosehip (Rosa) subfamily Roses (Rosoideae) of the family Rose (Rosaceae) . The number of types and varieties of roses is huge, many thick books have been published about them. I will only briefly describe some wild species wild roses.

Types of wild rose

Rhode Rose includes up to 200 species of wild roses that grow wild in the warm and temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. Only on the territory former USSR there are more than 60 of them, most of the species are in the mountains Central Asia and in the Caucasus. Rose hips are upright and curly, deciduous and evergreen (some). Their leaves are pinnate, the flowers are bisexual, solitary or in umbellate-paniculate inflorescences. Branches and shoots with straight or curved spines, hairs or bristles. The fruit is a false polysperm, often with hairy inner walls.

Most of the representatives genus Rosa thermophilic, but there are also species that endure the harsh northern climate. They are photophilous, grow poorly in shading and may not bloom at all. Wild rose hips are drought-resistant, frost-resistant and undemanding to soils, unlike garden species roses. They reproduce by seeds, root suckers, green and woody cuttings.

genus Rosa differ greatly in their features. Not all of them are edible, much less medicinal. I will write only about three species that grow in the most northern regions and have in their composition a large number of vitamin C. Although the same species growing in different regions, contains varying amounts of vitamin C. According to modern classification they belong to park roses.

rose wrinkled

Rosa rugosa or wrinkled rose (Rosa rugosa) - a shrub up to 2.5 meters high with erect or slightly curved branches, densely covered with thin straight or curved spines. Strongly wrinkled, dark green leaves that change color in autumn and do not fall off for a long time, sometimes until December. The main species and hybrids with fragrant, large flowers (6-12 cm), single or in inflorescences of 3-8 pieces, simple or double. The color of the flowers is dark red, carmine red, pink, occasionally white. Blooms from June to October, in the south even in November. The fruits are large (3-4 cm), bright red, spherical or spherical-flattened, edible, in autumn they are on the bushes along with flowers.

This type of wild rose is extremely valuable for. It is frost-resistant, tolerates any frost without shelter; can grow on any soil, even sandy, tolerates salinity; drought-resistant, grows well along the banks of reservoirs. Adapted to urban conditions, it is characterized by high gas resistance. Forms a lot of root offspring, so it is good for strengthening the soil on the slopes. It can be used as a rootstock for garden roses in northern areas. Cuttings propagate poorly.

Wildly grows in the south of Kamchatka, Sakhalin, in the Okhotsk region and the Ussuri region, in Korea and North China. It grows well in parks and in Murmansk, Perm, Yekaterinburg. There are decorative garden forms: white (f. alba), pink (f. rosea), white terry (f. albo-plena) , red terry (f. rubro-plena) .

The main and decorative forms are good as tapeworms on the lawn, in small groups, in the edges, hedges of medium height are remarkable.

Rose needle

Spiny rose or forest rose (Rosa acicularis ) is a shrub 1-2 m high, with arcuate bare branches, densely covered with thin styloid thorns and bristles. Leaves of 3-9 bluish leaflets. The flowers are fragrant, dark pink, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary or together 2-3. Blooms in May-June. The fruits are red, ovate-oblong, edible.

This type of wild rose is very frost-resistant, relatively shade-tolerant, stable in urban conditions. Handles haircut well. It can be used as a rootstock for growing garden roses in the North.

Listen to the last wonderful song " white rosehip" from the rock opera "Juno and Avos" by Alexei Rybnikov.

In the slider below, you will find more articles from the site about various medicinal plants. Click the image you want to go to another article.

Add the site to your bookmarks, or better, subscribe to updates so that article announcements come directly to your mail. To do this, fill out the form below.

Since the time of Hippocrates, and perhaps even earlier, rose hips have been included in the category of the most valuable medicines.

Botanical description of wild rose

Rose hips are mostly upright shrubs, less often lianas, sometimes low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants, whose shoots are covered with numerous thorns. The leaves are predominantly pinnate, with paired stipules, deciduous, rarely evergreen. Rosehip flowers have a variety of color scheme: from pure white to bright red and even black. They are large or small, often not double, less often with more or less pronounced doubleness, in inflorescences (corymbose or corymbose-paniculate), solitary, sometimes two or several.

Rosehip cinnamon belongs to the Rosaceae family. Shrub up to 1.5-2 m in height with thin twig-like branches, covered with reddish-brown bark, thorns are somewhat curved, flattened at the base, hard, sessile in 2 at the base of the leaves, they do not occur on flowering shoots, there are still numerous spines on annuals and bristles. Leaves pinnate, 4-9 cm long, with 5-7 leaflets, green above, grayish-pubescent below with well-defined veins. Leaflets are thin, oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, dentate, petioles are shortly pubescent, smooth or with scattered spines and often hidden in pubescence short-stalked glandules, stipules are stalked, 3/4 fused with the petiole, in top leaves wider than the bottom ones. The flowers are pink, 3-5 cm in diameter, with lanceolate bracts, fragrant, solitary or 2-3, pedicels are smooth, 5-17 mm long, petals at the apex with a notch, sepals 5 in number, entire, converging upwards in fruits. The fruit is 11-15 mm in diameter, spherical or oval, juicy, smooth, orange-red, formed from an overgrown pitcher receptacle, at the bottom of which numerous nutlets develop. Blossoms in June-July, the fruits ripen in August, remain on the branches until winter.

Rosehip begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years. Active fruiting from 2 to 6 years. Fruits are formed mainly on the growth of the previous year. Rosehip is pollinated by insects. It is desirable to have at least 2-3 plants on the site different types or varieties.

Spreading

Most common in middle zone rosehip is cinnamon, it is the richest vitamin C. Rosehip grows well on moderately moist soils with a powerful fertile layer, permeable to water and air. Rose hips do not grow well on waterlogged soils. Propagated by seeds, division of bushes, layering, rhizomatous offspring, green and woody cuttings, grafting.

It is best to propagate rose hips with rhizomatous offspring. In one place, wild rose grows up to 25 years.

Rosehip is widely used for hedges.

Rose hips are common in forests, among light forests, on mountain slopes, in river valleys, in fields, near roads, in separate bushes or dense thickets, in forest ravines and on the edges, in coastal strips. Rose hips are more often cultivated wrinkled and cinnamon in the European part of the country in gardens and parks. High-vitamin varieties have been developed. Cultivation is easy. It is convenient for cultivation to use even junk or inaccessible land for cultivation.

The wild rose is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly with a temperate climate, as well as in subtropical regions, in the mountains to the Alpine belt, on slopes and rocky placers. Rosehip is common in Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, the European part of Russia, Western Siberia, Central Asia.

Useful properties of wild rose

Rose hip- a valuable vitamin-bearing plant, an invaluable source of ascorbic acid. It is important to note that rosehip ascorbic acid has advantages over synthetic vitamin C. Long-term use of large doses of synthetic ascorbic acid can lead to inhibition of the insulin-forming function of the pancreas. A link has been established between vitamin deficiency and atherosclerosis.

Vitamin C has restorative properties. It is directly involved in redox processes, in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, in the activation of enzymes, promotes tissue regeneration, regulates blood clotting, vascular permeability, participates in the synthesis of collagen, steroid hormones, increases the resistance and protective reactions of the body to infections, other unfavorable factors external environment, stimulates the hematopoietic apparatus, enhances the phagocytic ability of leukocytes. Ascorbic acid increases mental, physical performance and activates the basal metabolism.

The human body is not capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid. The daily requirement for an adult is 50 mg, and with great physical exertion - 75-100 mg. The need for ascorbic acid increases in pregnant and lactating women (up to 100 mg).

Chemical composition

rosehip branches contain vitamin P. Rosehip leaves contain polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (gallic, gentisic, coffee, protocatechin, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, p-coumaric, lilac, vanillic, ferulic, salicylic, ellagic ), tannins, flavonoids.

Leaves and roots rose hips contain significant amounts of tannins. A decoction of the branches as an astringent is prescribed for diarrhea and dyspepsia, intestinal colic, rheumatism, and sciatica. Young branches of wild rose are used for food - in salads, fried in oil.

Fruit contain vitamins C (up to 4000 mg%), P, K, rutin, carotenoids (alpha-carotenes, beta-carotenes, lycopene, phytofluin, polycyslycopins A, B, B 2, C, K, P, carotene, cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, taroxanthin), catechins, flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercitrin, tiliroside, leukopeonidin, cyanidin), essential oil, sugars. The fruit pulp also contains potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, phosphorus, and magnesium.

in seeds rose hips have fatty oil. Seed oil contains 200 mg% vitamin E, 10 mg% carotene, linoleic, linolenic and solid acids. Rosehip seed oil is now widely used as a popular and effective remedy.

Procurement of raw materials

Raw materials are harvested from the end of August until the onset of frost, preferably in the morning or late in the evening, since the fruits plucked in the sun lose their valuable properties. Harvest must be processed immediately. It is recommended to harvest the fruits before full maturity, when they are still firm but have an orange or red color. It is necessary to dry the fruits in a dry place, avoiding direct sunlight. The finished raw material is dried fruits of orange-red color, with a shiny wrinkled surface. The wall of dried fruits is thin and fragile, inside them there are light yellow nuts and numerous bristly hairs.

Rosehip treatment

In folk medicine of Belarus decoction of rose hips drink with diseases of the liver, kidneys, heart, bladder, hypertension, hyperacid gastritis, headache.

Rose hips in the form of infusion, extract, syrup, powder recommend to prescribe for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in anemia, acute and chronic infections, diphtheria, whooping cough, pneumonia, scarlet fever, acute and chronic diseases intestines, hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine, hemorrhoidal), with radiation sickness, overdose of anticoagulants, hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, traumatic shock, patients who underwent surgery, with stones in the liver and kidneys, duodenal ulcer, reduced secretion of the stomach, long-term non-healing wounds, bone fractures, intoxication with industrial poisons, also in order to increase the overall resistance of the body in various diseases.

Large doses of ascorbic acid are also taken for malignant neoplasms, based on the assumption that the trigger of malignant growth is the increased activity of hyaluronidase, and ascorbic acid blocks it. Last years rosehip preparations are recommended to be used as an anti-sclerotic agent in case of an increase in the content of cholesterol in the blood, hypertension. An infusion of the peel or whole rose hips is recommended for nephrolithiasis as a means of promoting the resorption of stones.

Fruit official, included in the composition of multivitamin preparations and fees, in the anti-asthma mixture of Traskov, Holosas, Karotelin. Vitaminized syrup gives a positive result in hypertension. Rosehip oil improves the nutrition of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, accelerates the healing of thermal burns, radiation damage to the skin, is used for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, peptic ulcer, trophic ulcers, gynecological diseases, for the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (enemas), dermatosis, externally - with trophic ulcers shins, bedsores, nipple cracks, abrasions.

As an additional source of iron, rose hips are used for iron deficiency and other anemias, as well as for chronic and acute infections, nephritis, patients in the preoperative period and after surgery, with injuries, chronic and acute pneumonia, colds, vascular diseases of the brain, eye diseases, accompanied by small hemorrhages.

AT Tibetan medicine wild rose is used for atherosclerosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia.

Rosehip infusion used as a choleretic agent for cholecystitis in aqueous infusions, in the form of collections of medicinal cocktails with oxygen, syrups, jams, compotes, jam or ready-made pharmaceutical preparations. Rosehip syrup contains a large amount of magnesium. It is prescribed to patients with thrombosis, hypertension, salt metabolism disorders.

In folk medicine rose hips in the form of infusion are used for hypovitaminosis, as a choleretic, restorative and adaptogenic, for infectious diseases, bone fractures, wounds, anemia, uterine bleeding, burns, frostbite, to enhance potency, improve sleep, in the absence of appetite, treatment of chronic anacid and achilic gastritis, neurasthenia, diseases liver, kidneys, bladder, pulmonary tuberculosis, to accelerate the excretion of radionuclides from the body.

Dried mature rose hips in medicine are used as vitamin raw materials. Applied inside in the form of infusion, syrup, sweets, dragees, etc., mainly for the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiency. Rosehip preparations (in particular, oil) are used as a multivitamin, tonic and increase the body's resistance to hypo- and beriberi, atherosclerosis, various infectious diseases, burns, frostbite, wounds, hemophilia, bleeding.

Rosehip preparations have a choleretic effect and are indicated for cholecystitis, cholangitis, especially associated with a decrease in bile secretion.

A positive effect of rosehip preparations on the secretion of gastric juice has been established. They increase acidity and increase the digestive power of pepsin, so rose hips are recommended for hypoacid and anacid gastritis.

Rose hips are part of multivitamin collections, in the anti-asthma mixture of I. M. Traskov, they are used to prepare the choleretic drug "Holosas", used in the treatment of diseases of the liver and biliary tract.

Contraindications

Rosehip causes bloating and rumbling in the stomach, so you need to combine rosehip syrup with dill water or dill. Reception of parsley, celery also prevents undesirable phenomena.

Cooking

leaf infusion used as an antibacterial and analgesic drink for colic, gastralgia, malaria, as a diuretic, and also for diarrhea. To do this, take cinnamon rosehip roots - 50 g, dried rosehip leaves 20 g. The mixture is poured with 400 ml of boiling water, boiled for 15 minutes, insisted for 2 hours, filtered. Take 1/4 cup 3-4 times a day before meals with intestinal colic, stomach pain, diarrhea. The course of treatment is up to a week.

Rosehip root decoction as an astringent and antiseptic, they are used for diarrhea, dyspepsia, as well as for cystitis, hypertension, intermittent fever, heart disease, urolithiasis, kidney and bladder stones, externally (in the form of baths) - for rheumatism and paralysis; decoction of branches- in bloody diarrhea, as a valuable stone-dissolving agent for kidney and bladder stones.

fruit decoction. Fruits can be dried, and in winter brew and drink 1-2 glasses a day, like a vitamin drink. For a decoction, you need: cinnamon rose hips - 30 g, boiled water 400 ml. Dry crushed rose hips are poured with boiling water, boiled for 10 minutes, insisted for 6-8 hours in a thermos, filtered. Take 1-2 glasses a day after meals.

Infusion of cinnamon rosehip roots: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of crushed roots is poured into 400 ml of boiling water, boiled for 15 minutes, insisted for 2 hours, filtered. Take 1/2 cup 3-4 times a day before meals for diarrhea and dyspepsia, cystitis, arterial hypertension, intermittent fever, heart disease, urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, for baths with rheumatism and radiculitis.

Infusion of rose hips: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of unpeeled rose hips is crushed to a size of 0.5 mm, poured into 400 ml of boiling water, tightly closed with a lid and insisted in a water bath for 15 minutes, then insisted for a day, filtered. Take 1 / 4-1 / 2 cup 2 times a day with a general breakdown, anemia, pulmonary tuberculosis, colds, liver disease, stool disorders, urolithiasis.

Rosehip oil

Rosehip oil No wonder it has the title of "Queen of Natural Oils". The properties of this oil are extremely diverse. It eliminates irritation, improves skin elasticity, normalizes the functioning of the sebaceous and sweat glands, promotes regeneration and rejuvenation of the skin, gives it a fresh and beautiful colour. Rosehip oil- a wonderful mild antidepressant that eliminates indecision and gives self-confidence. Rosehip oil is wonderful cosmetic product. Rosehip oil capsules are used for scurvy, anemia, general weakness, ulcers gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the liver, stomach, kidneys, gallbladder and bladder.

Rosehip oil is used externally for trophic ulcers, some diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. It is used for cracks and abrasions of the nipples in nursing women, dermatoses, trophic ulcers of the lower leg, bedsores, ulcerative colitis.

Rosehip oil capsules are used for scurvy, anemia, general weakness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, diseases of the liver, stomach, kidneys, gall bladder and bladder. In Tibetan medicine, rosehip oil is used for pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia, and atherosclerosis.

I would like to note right away that the age of certain species of such a plant reaches 400 years. It is the ancestor of all types of cultivated roses.

You can learn about this amazing, elegant, unpretentious plant, about its places of growth, about its benefits and much more by reading this article. Here you can also learn about how to propagate decorative wild rose and how to care for it.

A shrub with bright numerous flowers is a genus of wild plants from. As a rule, it is grown in gardens as a quality and for obtaining fruits with excellent beneficial properties.

Decorative wild rose: photo, description

The flower has many cultural forms that are bred with the name rose. It is valued for the beauty of the bush and the abundance of flowers and greenery. Among other things, wild roses are much more unpretentious than magnificent exquisite park roses.

Under natural conditions, they prefer warm temperate climate Northern earth hemisphere.

For the most part, these are shrubs, having a 2-meter height with slightly drooping branches. There are also species with rather long branches clinging to neighboring plants, or with creeping shoots along the ground. There are wild roses in the form of low but dense pillow bushes, very attractive and decorative during their flowering.

The plant got its name due to the presence of sharp and strong thorns on it, capable of causing certain troubles to any living creature.

Rose hips bloom from May to July, and its berries ripen in August-September, and the last fruits can remain on the bushes even until winter.

Large flowers, mostly solitary, have a size of 5 centimeters in diameter. The corolla usually contains five white, pink or dark red petals. There are also a huge number of stamens and pistils.

Toward evening, the flowers on the bushes fold their petals, and by morning they open again, and almost always at the same time. It should be noted that K. Linnaeus (Swedish botanist) included rose hips in the list of plants by which you can find out the time of day.

Rosehip branches studded with original berries look good in autumn flower arrangements and in dry bouquets. No wonder it is called a decorative dog rose.

Can you eat it? We will answer this question below.

Fruits: use

Spherical or egg-shaped fruits are usually orange or red, fleshy, containing a large number of small seeds (fruitlets). The inner part of the walls of the fruit is covered with small hairs, and the sepals remain on the upper surface.

Rosehip decorative begins to bear fruit from about 3 years of age (sometimes from 2 years), and the most bountiful harvest this plant happens at the age of about 10-12 years. The fruits are usually dried, and in winter they brew and drink 1-2 glasses a day as a good vitamin drink. Also, the fruits can be used to make jam, marmalade and compotes. Rose hips are also good in the form of mashed potatoes and syrups.

Legend

There is one well-known and widespread among the Cossacks of the Kuban curious legend.

One young Cossack woman, who lived in ancient times, fell in love with a brave, beautiful young man. Their love was mutual. And they swore allegiance to each other for the rest of their lives. But the ataman of the village, who also liked the young Cossack woman for a long time, sent that young man to military service. At parting, the beloved gave the girl his faithful and reliable dagger. After seeing him off, the chieftain began to force the girl who was left without a betrothed to marry him. And yet the wedding did not take place due to the fact that the bride ran out into the courtyard right from the festive table and there stabbed herself with a dagger given to her by her beloved. At the place where the scarlet drops of blood fell, a surprisingly beautiful shrub with bright flowers grew. Ataman who saw this beautiful plant, I wanted to pluck a flower that I liked. But suddenly the whole bush bristled with very sharp thorns. He pricked all his hands so that he could not pick a single flower.

In autumn, the bush is covered with bright beautiful fruits. Somehow, an ailing old woman stopped near him and suddenly heard a barely audible voice that said: “Pick my berries, grandmother, and make tea with them. Do not be afraid of sharp thorns, as they are intended for unkind people.” Grandmother obeyed, picked up the fruits and, having prepared an infusion from them, drank it. Immediately, she felt as if she had looked ten years younger at once. Since then, all people began to use the magical miraculous rose hips for medicinal purposes.

Places of growth

Only in Russia, botanists have identified more than 8 species of this plant. Prickly, surprisingly elegant bushes are found almost throughout the country. The only exception is the Far North.

Rosehip - pretty photophilous plant, therefore, in nature, it prefers open edges, edges of forest paths and roads, river and lake shores, thickets of shrubs and mountain slopes. Often its thickets, forming huge clumps, penetrate into settlements. Often they coexist with elderberry.

Types of roses often grown for decorative purposes are wrinkled rose hips (or virgin roses. Musk has taken root and is well distributed in Europe. All of them are decorative rose hips. Their varieties are discussed below.

The most common varieties

All wild roses and wild roses bear fruits of different shades: bright red, orange, purple, brown and almost black berries. However, not all of them are of equal quality.

Below are the most valuable (in terms of the content of useful substances) berries of the following rosehip varieties:

May, or cinnamon, which is the most common species that grows in central Russia. Individual bushes of this wild rose are found in forest glades and clearings. When grown in the garden, it is very unpretentious to any soil conditions. Typically, these species have high winter hardiness and excellent resistance to various diseases.

The prickly rose is also a decorative dog rose, which is often bred in city squares and front gardens. The bush is undersized, its branches are densely covered with thorns. During the flowering period, the plant is completely covered with fragrant snow-white flowers.

Rose dog, or - almost universally used as hedge. Light pink fragrant flowers bloom in June, and in autumn time branches are decorated with beautiful orange-red fruits. This species has rather tall and sprawling bushes up to 2.5-3 meters and a powerful root system. This wild rose is decorative, unpretentious, winter-hardy and disease-resistant.

The French rosehip is the ancestor of ancient garden roses, including the medieval pharmacy rose, famous in Europe. This species grows in Southern Europe, in the Crimea and in the European part of Russia. Small-branched, low-growing shrubs are less than one meter high and often form dense thickets. Large flowers of this species have a magnificent bright red color.

yellow rosehip

This unusual decorative dog rose with yellow flowers (photo below) grows in the Tien Shan, Pamir-Alai and Asia Minor. It grows, as a rule, in the mountains.

This plant is a very tall shrub (about 3 meters), with thin, long, often with arched, shiny, climbing brown-red shoots. All of them are densely covered with sharp straight spines, which alternate with small setae.

The odd-pinnate leaves of 5-9 ovate leaflets are up to 4 cm long. They are bluish-green in color from above, and pubescent bluish below. Terry flowers are usually solitary, rarely found in 2-3 pieces, up to 7 centimeters in diameter. Their color is yellow, inside it is reddish-red. Red fruits are spherical in shape.

This dog rose has not very good salient feature: flowers emit it bad smell just like the leaves.

What is important in caring for this plant?

The main work on growing this bush is as follows: loosening the soil, fertilizing, weed control, watering and pruning. Being unpretentious, the plant still bears fruit well on soils saturated with nutrients and well crafted. Timely removal of old shoots contributes to good recovery bush and longer preservation of a beautiful decorative appearance.

Pruning of decorative wild rose is carried out before the start of growth only once a year (in early spring). It should be noted that a bush is considered more productive if it has shoots of different ages.

How do plants reproduce?

How is ornamental rosehip grown? Reproduction is mostly carried out with the help of root shoots, as well as layering, seeds and green or root cuttings.

The most common and easiest way is reproduction by offspring. To do this, they should be harvested in the fall, choosing them from the most productive bushes. Moreover, the length of the rhizome part on the offspring should be approximately 15 centimeters, and on the aerial part there should be a stump no larger than 5 cm in size. These offspring can be planted immediately in a permanent place, without any growing.

There is another way to grow decorative wild rose - seed propagation. To do this, it is necessary to collect ripe ones that have already begun to wrinkle, and put them in pots filled with moistened soil. Close them and leave them winter period outdoors to ensure that the fruits are exposed to low temperatures to ensure successful seed germination. After frosts, you should pull the berries out of the pots, separate the seeds and use the water in the vessel to check them for germination. Instances that have drowned can be sown in boxes and grown in a cold greenhouse.

More about propagation by cuttings

What other way can be suggested to propagate decorative wild rose? Propagation by cuttings is convenient when autumn planting of this culture (in October-November). landing pit should be about 0.2 meters deep. Rose hips do not respond well to acidic soil, and therefore liming the soil is necessary. You can add both compost and rotted manure to the pit.

More experienced gardeners recommend cutting rosehip seedlings short enough before planting (the length of thick branches should not exceed 0.1 meters). And the roots can be shortened to 0.2 meters, since the cuts on the roots contribute to the good survival of the plant.

After all these manipulations, the root system should be dipped in a clay mass, and then gently straightened. It should be planted so that the root collar is about 5 cm deep. Be sure to water the seedling and mulch it with sawdust and peat.

Pay attention to the gaps between adjacent seedlings. A living decorative hedge can be obtained with a distance between plants of 0.5 meters. Increasing the distance to 1 meter contributes to the growth of productivity.

What is useful rosehip?

Not only decoration in the gardens is a decorative wild rose. Its beneficial properties are known to many. Rosehip is valuable for its fruits, which are excellent natural medicine and tasty, healthy nutritional supplement.

Rosehip berries contain many vitamins and minerals necessary for the human body: rutin, carotene, iron, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, organic acids and antioxidants.

The use of wild rose in food helps to strengthen the immune system, increases the body's resistance to the effects of harmful bacteria and slows down the aging process.

Conclusion

Beautiful non-capricious wild roses gave rise to a huge number of species (more than 200) surprisingly beautiful roses that have been growing on Earth since the most ancient times (about 40 million years). These plants in their aroma and beauty are almost not inferior to cultivars. They are widely used in landscape design.

Among the huge variety of ornamental plants, it is precisely wild roses and their hybrids are widely popular and especially loved by flower growers: standard and bush - for flower beds, especially in the foreground in planting groups with other flowers; climbing species - for original vertical gardening.

Different flowering periods of the plant and a variety of colors allow you to create fantastic decorative compositions from wild roses and roses.

You can talk about these amazing flowers for a long time. It should be remembered that ancient legends were invented not about a rose, but about a rosehip bush. Yes, and on the English royal coat of arms, preserved from the medieval times of the White and Scarlet Roses, it is not a garden rose, but a flower of an ordinary wild rose.