Cultural thorn. Rosehip varieties
Plants are a convenient decoration for design. When the morning starts with good feelings, the day flies by faster and with minimal stress. Cultivation of plants is a desirable occupation for many, which will give positive mood not only to his own family, but to all his neighbors. Walking past the flower garden, it is impossible not to catch your eye on some unusual flower. And everyone has an idea, or maybe think about buying a flower garden at home?
Ornamental wild roses and their modern hybrids
In our country, botanists have counted more than 80 species of wild rose. These prickly beauties are found almost everywhere, with the exception of the Far North. They are photophilous, in a natural setting they prefer edges, forest roadsides, banks of rivers, lakes, bushes, mountain slopes, long freed from forests. Often they grow, forming large clumps, often penetrating into settlements, where they coexist near fences with elderberry.
The plant got its name because of the sharp and durable thorns that can cause serious trouble to a careless person or animal. Rosehip blooms from May to July, the fruits ripen in August - September, remaining on the branches until winter. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary or 2-3. Corolla with five white, pink or dark red petals. Stamens and pistils numerous. By evening, rosehip flowers fold their petals, and in the morning they open again, and they do it with great accuracy in time. It is no coincidence that the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus included rose hips in the list of plants that indicate the time of day.
Fruits from 2-3 years of age, largest harvest plants give at 10-12 years of age. Rose hips are spherical or ovoid, smooth, bare, orange or red, fleshy, contain numerous fruitlets (nuts). The inner walls of the fruit are covered with hairs, sepals are preserved at the top of the fruit. For normal fruiting, it is better to plant rose hips of two or three species that bloom at the same time. Fruits can be dried, and in winter brew and drink 1-2 glasses a day, like a vitamin drink. Jam, compotes, jam are prepared from the fruits ... Rosehip is good in the form of syrups, mashed potatoes ...
Rosehip branches studded with berries look great in autumn flower arrangements and dry bouquets. Age individual plants reaches 400 years.
Rosehip - the ancestor of all types of cultivated roses
All wild roses and wild roses (Rosa) bear orange, bright red, brown, purple, almost black berries. But not all types of roses are equal in terms of fruit quality. The most valuable (in terms of the content of nutrients) are the berries of the following types:
She has many close relatives, often hardly distinguishable from her. Even experts are still not able to definitively figure out how much wild species Rose hips are closely related to her and how they differ from each other.
Rosehip wrinkled, or rose rugosa (Rosa rugosa)
In spring, a sprawling shrub up to 2.5 m tall, completely covered with large fragrant pink or white (Alba form) flowers that appear almost all summer. After the first abundant wave, it continues to bloom again until frost, and even treats us with elegant and healthy fruits that have the best taste, a bit reminiscent of cranberries.
The leaves are strongly wrinkled, with gray-green pubescence on the underside, up to 22 cm long, with 5-9 leaflets. In hybrid forms, the leaves are sometimes shiny, glossy. Spines are reddish, bent down, numerous. The fruits are large, orange-red, fleshy, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. On the bush, you can observe buds, flowers and ripened fruits at the same time. Flowering both on the shoots of the current year and on the shoots of past years. The wrinkled rosehip shrub grows strongly, giving a lot of root shoots.
The natural range of rose rugosa is located on Pacific coast Russian Far East, Japan, Korea. It was brought to Europe in the 18th century, where it not only became widespread in culture and gave rise to numerous garden, for the most part hybrid with other species, forms, but also naturalized in many places. Often wrinkled wild rose forms dense thickets, and in some places the creeping form prevails, covering the sand with a bright prickly carpet. It also took root on the American Atlantic coast, once brought by English colonists to North America.
Varieties and hybrids of wild roses
Musk Rose Hybrids (Hybrid Musk Roses) Ornamental wild roses with dense semi-shiny foliage and burgundy young shoots, have red berries. Varieties: "Buff Beauty", "Felicia", "Penelope".
The most common types of rose hips:
Growing conditions and caring for rose hips
Pruning should be done only once a year, just before the start of growth (in late winter or early spring, depending on climate and weather). During pruning of the shoots at the bush, too old branches are also removed. A bush is considered productive if it contains shoots different ages.
Species wild roses reproduce perfectly by root shoots, seeds, layering, root and green cuttings. The simplest and most affordable is reproduction by offspring. It is best to harvest them in the fall, from the most productive bushes. The length of the rhizome on a separate offspring should be 12-15 cm, above-ground part shorten, leaving a stump no more than 5 cm. Such offspring can immediately be planted in a garden plot on permanent place, without growing.
You can collect fully ripe rose hips in the fall that have not yet begun to wrinkle and bury them in pots filled with moist soil. Leave seed pots outside in winter to ensure fruit exposure low temperatures This is essential for successful seed germination. After the end of the frost, dig out the berries from the pots, separate the seeds and check them for germination in a vessel of water. Sow sunken rosehip seeds in boxes and grow in a cold greenhouse.
The legend of the discovery of the healing properties of wild rose
About rose hips, the people composed not only fairy tales, but also riddles. Here are some of them:
"There is a Khan's tree, a Shamakhan's dress, angelic flowers, devilish claws." "A thorn sits on a pitchfork, dressed in scarlet, whoever goes will be pricked" "There is a green bush, if you touch it, it will bite" "Sits on a stick in a red shirt, belly with pebbles full."
"Who will tell them: that beauty is in vain, it will be destroyed by hoarfrost at dawn ... They are beautiful! They are so beautiful that let the wild rose bloom in September! .."
garden plantsRosehip, wild rose
The bright yellow flowers of Rosa hugonis, commonly referred to as China's golden rose, bloom as early as April-May. Such a bush grows up to 2 m in height and is most attractive as a tapeworm.
Almost all types of "wild" roses feel great in the temperate zones of Europe. However, only the dog rose, r. femoral, r. red-petal, r. rusty, r. apple and french. In Europe, many types of "wild" roses from Asia and North America are also cultivated.
A "wild" rose will gratefully respond to your care, for example, if you feed it with rotted manure or compost. Her bushes do not need frequent pruning. Depending on the species and variety, it needs only periodic formation, including for abundant flowering. For most types of "wild" roses in the spring, it is enough to remove broken and weak branches to make room for new strong shoots.
Charming passage In the countryside, the "wild" rose feels great. In the photo you see what a wonderful picture the French rose "Complicata" and the peach bell with white and purple flowers represent
The hardy Scottish rose (R. pimpinellifolia) is ideal for hedges. Flower growers are well aware of the pink-red flowers of the variety "Red Nelly"
A hedge of fast-growing thorny bushes of a "wild" rose with fragrant and delicate flowers full of vintage charm
The flowers of the femoral rose are dazzling white. This species also has varieties with excellent yellow flowers. In European gardens, all types of "wild" roses have taken root well.
European gardens - from the northern seas to the southern spurs of the Alps - are inhabited primarily by species of the Chinese "wild" rose
These include wrinkled rose (R. rugosa), p. Hugonis (R. hugonis), r. Moyes (R. moyesii), r. multi-flowered (R. multiflora), r. Chinese (R. chinensis) and r. smelly, or yellow (R. foetida) "Bicolor". Representatives of the Asian flora harmoniously complemented the European assortment with climbing and remontant plants. Bushes of "wild" roses were also brought to Europe from distant America - the "country of unlimited possibilities": this is the river. virgin (R. virginiana), r. Californian (R. californica) and r. shiny (R. nitida). New varieties of "wild" roses may well be the soloist on flower beds. Their shoots, for example, deftly climb up flower arches. And of course, the bushes make charming mixed hedges.
A "wild" rose will clearly demonstrate how wonderful it lives in your garden. The only place where a lovely bush with simple and delicate flowers does not grow is in vases and flowerpots.
A low "fence" behind the bench, a beautiful tapeworm bush on the corner near the picket fence and a picturesquely twined arch: the "wild" rose is capable of anything
Stars of the autumn season (left to right)
Rosa femoralis
Rosa Moyes "Geranium"
Alpine rose "Mount Everest"
rose wrinkled
The green prickly fruits of the Roxburgh rose, or chestnut rose, are very prickly and really resemble chestnuts.
In autumn, the bushes of the Bourbon rose "Zigeunerknabe" ("Gipsy boi", "Gypsy Boy") are decorated with tassels of many small red fruits
Park roses in the photo
Park roses are the oldest group of roses, which, as a rule, have large bushes, simple (five petals), less often double, flowers of various colors. They are winter-hardy, unpretentious, do not require annual pruning, relatively resistant to pests and diseases. Used as ornamental shrubs; especially good during flowering and fruit ripening. Not suitable for cutting flowers. A large place in this group of roses is occupied by wild roses.
About 50 species of wild rose plants grow only in Russia, and more than 400 are known in the world. This thorny shrub grows from North Africa to the Arctic Circle, southern Iran, Afghanistan and further east to the Philippine Islands, North America and North Mexico.
The main characteristic of the wild rose plant is its frost resistance and light-loving nature. This shrub is demanding on fertility and soil moisture, responsive to fertilizers. Blooms in May-July, flowers with pink, white, yellow or red petals. flowering bush looks very decorative. Fruits from 2-3 years of age.
Common rosehip in the photo 
Common rosehip flower in the photo
wild rose- This is a thorny shrub, up to 2 m high, unpretentious, winter-hardy and drought-tolerant. Grown mainly as an ornamental plant, used for hedges. But knowledgeable people, knowing about the characteristics of wild rose, cultivate it as a medicinal, vitamin, food, honey plant.
There are currently a number of cultivars and this type of wild rose, which are distinguished by high yield and vitamin content, ripening time, resistance to diseases and pests.
Rose hips are able to grow rapidly, thanks to this characteristic, park roses serve as an excellent hedge. Their arched shoots are tied to a fence, the distance between plants is 3.5 m. Bright pink, fragrant petals during flowering and red-orange fruits during ripening make the shrub very beautiful.
Rosehip planting material is easier to buy, but there is no guarantee that you will receive good fruit. Rosehip itself can be propagated from a valuable mother bush by root shoots, layering, green cuttings.
The most common method of propagation is by sowing seeds. Seeds have a very strong shell, which makes stratification difficult. Many are haunted by failures - the seeds have been sown, but there are no seedlings.
There is a secret here: for sowing seeds, the fruits must be harvested unripe, brown, in August. Immediately release the seeds from the pulp and store them until autumn in damp sand in the refrigerator. Freshly harvested seeds on the same day I sow in a pre-prepared bed, compacting the soil well. In the spring I get friendly shoots.
The best time to plant rose hips in the garden is in spring, before buds open. Can be planted in autumn.
Before planting, the roots and shoots of seedlings are shortened. They are planted 4-6 cm deeper in a permanent place. The shoots are pruned, leaving 2-3 strongly developed buds.
It is necessary to plant several plants in close proximity with the same flowering period to obtain a stable high yield fruits, because rose hips need cross-pollination.
Rosehip begins fruiting in the 4-5th year. Further care behind the ground part of the shrub is the regular annual removal of part of the fruit-bearing branches, which leads to rejuvenation of plants and good yields for 20-25 years.
Agricultural practices associated with caring for wild rose: watering, fertilizing, weeding, loosening, protection from pests and diseases - everything is like in all garden crops.
See what the rosehip looks like in these photos:
Common rosehip is a thorny shrub (photo) 
It looks like an ordinary wild rose (photo)
Useful properties of rose hips
The most famous dog rose, "dog", refers to the types of low-vitamin. In high-vitamin fruits, the sepals remain erect until ripening, while in low-vitamin fruits, they fold back immediately after flowering and mostly fall off long before ripening.
To preserve vitamins, rose hips should be collected as they ripen, when they are still hard to the touch, but have already acquired the color characteristic of this species.
The fruits are dried naturally, without resorting to high temperatures. Spread them out thin layer on burlap in a well-ventilated shaded area. When drying, protect from the sun. Properly dried rose hips have a brownish-red color, wrinkled surface, sour-sweet taste, odorless. The walls of dried fruits are hard, brittle. Please note that during thermal drying in the oven, a significant amount of vitamins is lost. During the winter, rose hips are stored in cotton or linen bags, or in cardboard boxes.
The beneficial properties of rose hips are due to the fact that they contain sugars, pectin and tannins, citric, malic and other acids, carotene, vitamins - B2, K, P, C. In terms of the supply of vitamins C and P, rosehip has no competitors, and ascorbic acid is 10 times more than in blackcurrant berries.
Some people mistakenly believe that the most useful rosehip infusion can be obtained from the roots. Delusion! All parts of the wild rose - and fruits, and roots, and even leaves - are equivalent. But, having dug up the root, we destroy the wild rose completely and forever.
Of all the ways to prepare and use rose hips, it is better to choose an infusion of fruits. 1 glass of whole (not crushed) fruits are washed, and placed in a liter thermos, poured with boiling water, insisted for 6-8 hours. As the infusion is used, I pour boiling water over the fruits in a thermos a second, third and even fourth time. Each subsequent infusion is ready for use after 2-3 hours.
If there is no thermos - still do not boil the fruit. Bring to a boil and cover the bowl.
Useful properties of wild rose are used to increase the body's resistance to colds and infectious diseases. Infusion of rose hips tones, strengthens the walls of blood vessels, has a choleretic effect, weakens the development of atherosclerosis. The infusion is used for gastrointestinal diseases, as an antimicrobial and analgesic, as a diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent.
The best combination of vitamins than the one that nature has created in the form of rose hips is still unknown. As a multivitamin, rosehip is used in the form of purees, drinks, infusions, decoctions, extracts, syrups, tablets, sweets, dragees. Rosehip oil is not inferior to sea buckthorn oil in many cases of medical practice. The systematic use of wild rose in food contributes to the prevention of many diseases. Jam, vinegar, rose water are prepared from the petals, decoctions or decoctions are prepared from the roots. alcohol tinctures. Fruit syrup is a choleretic agent for liver diseases and gastrointestinal diseases. Infusions and decoctions of the fruit are used for diseases of the heart, bladder, kidneys.
It is necessary to collect the fruits on time. The degree of their maturity affects the concentration of ascorbic acid: not fully ripened fruits have less vitamin C than mature ones, and in overripe fruits, its amount decreases sharply, which must be taken into account when practical use fruits.
Below is a description of what a rosehip looks like different types.
Rosehip cinnamon: photo and description
To get started, check out the photo and description of the cinnamon rosehip. According to the content of vitamins, it has no equal in the diverse plant world.
Cinnamon rosehip is a low shrub with thin twig-like branches (photo) 
Rosehip cinnamon (photo)
Look at the photo - cinnamon rosehip is a low shrub with thin twig-like branches and shoots covered with shiny brown-red bark and small paired sharp hooked-curved thorns, as well as numerous straight bristles.
The leaves of the Brown Rosehip are complex, pinnate (photo) 
The flowers of the brown rosehip are large, 3-7 cm in diameter, often solitary in the photo
Flowering shoots without thorns. The leaves are compound, pinnate, of 5-7 small oval leaflets 1.5-5 cm long, dark green above, glabrous, bluish-green below, pubescent, single-toothed. The flowers are large, 3-7 cm in diameter, often solitary, rarely 2-3 pcs. with pale and dark red fragrant petals. Blooms in June. When describing the cinnamon rosehip special attention deserve its fruits: they are elongated, fleshy, smooth, orange or red. Ripens at the end of August. It has the ability to produce a significant number of offspring.
All types of wild rose are valuable, but especially those with edible fruits, they have the highest amount of vitamins. These include cinnamon rosehip, or it is also called May. It has a record amount of vitamin C (900-1250 mg per 100 g of fresh fruit); the main acids are malic and citric; and a complex of other vitamins - B1, B2, K, carotene, tannins and all P-active substances. In the fruits of cinnamon rose hips there are traces of vanillin, essential oil.
Dogrose Gray in the photo 
Rosehip flower Gray in the photo
In addition to cinnamon increased content vitamins have a bluish rosehip,
Rosehip "Marre" in the photo 
Rosehip flowers "Marre" in the photo
marray,
Briar "Yundzilla" in the photo 
Rosehip flowers "Yundzilla" in the photo
Yundzilla.
As you can see in the photo, all these types of wild rose are distinguished by long, straight-elongated sepals that remain until ripe:
And other dog roses have no sepals or they are short and recurved, almost adjacent to the fruit.
Rose hip wrinkled: photo, names and description of varieties of the species
In the wild, wrinkled rosehip (rosa rugosa) grows in the Far East: in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, on Sakhalin, South Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. When describing the wrinkled wild rose, it is especially worth noting its frost resistance - these plants are successfully grown even beyond the Arctic Circle. In addition, it is immune to powdery mildew.
Pay attention to the photo - wrinkled wild rose is good both in decorative groups and in single plantings:
Rosehip grows in a dense compact bush (photo) 
Rosehip wrinkled in the photo
Rosehip wrinkled - a wonderful garden decoration. True, inexperienced gardeners are confused by the not entirely harmonious name of the plant, which is given to it for its heavily wrinkled leaves. Rosehip grows in a dense compact bush. The crown is rounded, up to 2 m high, the shoots are densely covered with thorns. The shrubs are attractive even without flowers due to their glossy dark green foliage. Winters without shelter. It is best to plant in sunny places.
The color of the flowers of wrinkled wild rose is usually purple-crimson, but there are varieties with a different color:
"Agnes" - with yellow flowers (photo) 
Rosehip "Agnes" in the photo
"Agnes" - with yellow flowers;
Rosehip "Kaiserin des Nordens" - with carmica-red double flowers (photo) 
Rosehip "Kaiserin des Nordens" in the photo
"Kaiserin des Nordens" - with carmica-red terry;
Rosehip "Konrad Ferdinand Meyer" in the photo 
"Konrad Ferdinand Meyer" - with white or silver-pink double flowers (photo)
"Konrad Ferdinand Meyer" - with white or silver-pink terry,
Rosehip "Nova Zembla" in the photo 
"Nova Zembla" - with white and cream flowers (photo)
"Nova Zembla" - with white and cream.
Rosehip "Pink Grotendorst" in the photo 
Rosehip flowers resemble carnation flowers (photo)
Variety "Pink Grotendorst" is very interesting in that its flowers resemble carnation flowers: their edges are with a jagged edge. The flowers are pearly pink, double. This variety is recommended to be planted closer to the resting place, as it is difficult to see the beauty of the flower shape from afar.
Here you can see photos of varieties of this type of dog rose:
The flowers of wrinkled rose are large, up to 8-10 cm in diameter, with a strong pleasant aroma. It blooms long and profusely. good decoration: shrubs are also large bright red fruits, shaped like apples. They are edible, rich in vitamin C and carotene.
Delicious jam and jelly are prepared from wrinkled rosehip petals. They can be used to produce rose oil and fragrant rose water. But as a rootstock, this type of wild rose is not the best, because it gives too much wild growth.
This plant for its endurance and beauty deserves the widest distribution.
Below is another selection of photos of wild roses with a description.
What are the best types and varieties of park roses: photo and description
Rusty rose in the photo 
Rosa rubiginosa in the photo
Rusty rose, or rubiginose
This rosehip is found throughout Europe. The flowers are small, simple and semi-double, usually bright pink, but there are also hybrids with flowers of different colors. The flowering of this type of park roses occurs at the end of June and lasts for two weeks. The leaves are small and have a pleasant apple flavor. Bushes erect, with large quantity covered
Rosehip "Fritz Nobis" in the photo 
The color of the petals is light pink with a salmon tint in the photo
"Fritz Nobis"- the best variety of park roses of French selection, in culture since 1940. The flowers are not very large, collected in racemose inflorescences. The color of the petals is light pink with a salmon hue. The leaves are grey-green. Bushes are vigorous, sprawling, up to 2 m high.
Rosa "Sizaya" in the photo 
Rosa "Glauka" in the photo
Gray rose, or glauca
This shrub with simple pink or white branches collected in many-flowered apical inflorescences is one of the original rose species. The leaves are reddish, with the underside of the leaf being two-tone—half the leaf is silver-green and half is pink. Bush up to 3 m high.
The rose is unpretentious, winter-hardy and drought-resistant. This is the kind of park roses that can be used to create hedges and as an accent in compositions. It is important for the design that the shoots are exposed from below - they definitely need padding.
Park "Yellow Rose" in the photo 
The flowers are large, solitary, densely double in the photo
rose yellow
Because of the strong unpleasant odor, this dog rose is sometimes called the stinky rose.
Yellow rose bushes are found in nature in Central and Asia Minor, and this is reflected in the requirements for growing conditions - the rose does not tolerate stagnant moisture. Flowering is very plentiful, but short-lived. The flowers are large, solitary, densely double. Bushes 50 to 100 cm high.
Of greatest interest is the variety of this rose:
Park rose "Jon Bicolor" in the photo 
Flowers are large, simple, orange-red (photo)
"Jone Bicolor" which blooms for 20 days with very original flowers. They are large, simple, orange-red with brown tint, bright yellow underneath. In addition, this variety has a pleasant smell.
These photos show park roses, the description of which you have read in this material:
Rose "Alba" in the photo 
The flowers are white or pink (photo)
rose alba
The oldest rose known since antiquity. The flowers are white or pink, with a strong aroma. Blooms once in June. The leaves are grey-green. The bush is vigorous, with straight shoots. Valuable for garden design, as it grows well in the shade.
Rosa centifolia in the photo 
Centennial rose in the photo
Rosa centifolia, or centifolia
These roses appeared in Holland in the 16th century, and today they include moss and damask roses. They came from the Gallic rose, so they are often included in the group of Gallic roses.
Centipede roses are densely doubled, their flowers are large, bright pink, bright red and white, exude a strong aroma. Flowering is single, falls on the second half of June. Leaves and young shoots are covered with glandular hairs. Spreading bush, shoot length 1-1.5 m.
Park rose "Fantine Latour" in the photo 
The flowers are not very large, densely doubled (photo)
At your site. Like it or not, but more useful plant hard to find for your garden.
Rosehip planting
Rosehip loves lit areas where there is a lot of sunlight. It will grow best in high places with fertile soil, in which there is no stagnation ground water. Rosehip roots go very deep into the ground, so do not plant it on swampy and lowland soil - it will quickly wither and die. In terms of the growth of the root system, the wild rose is similar to: after a few years of plant life, its roots grow into upper layers soil and begin to occupy vast areas. To prevent it from spreading, you need to fence the bushes with a small ditch 20-30 cm deep or dig pieces of slate to the same depth.Rose hips can be planted along the border of a personal plot (to protect it) or in separate bushes in the most inconvenient places: at a compost heap or next to. The main thing to remember is the following: rosehip is a cross-pollinated plant, so its bushes should be next to each other. This is important if you plan to plant rose hips not as an ornamental plant, but to collect its useful fruits.
Rosehip breeding
Rose hips can be propagated by seeds, seedlings, root layers.Reproduction by seeds
It is advisable to collect seeds for planting in August, from unripe brown fruits. At this time, the seed coat has not yet had time to harden, so they will germinate better.
The seeds themselves can be planted both in spring and autumn, but the second option is better.
- We do autumn planting in October, we sow the seeds in the ground in rows;
- Sprinkle rows with planted seeds with humus and sawdust, leave a small gap between them so that a chopper or cultivator can pass freely;
- In early spring, in order for the seeds to germinate better, we install a frame with a plastic film stretched over it;
- When the first two leaves appear on the seedlings, they can be seated.
Propagation of wild rose seedlings
Rosehip seedlings take root best at autumn planting . It is desirable to plant them in October-November.- We make a pit for planting with a depth of 20-22 cm;
- If there is soil at the planting site, we additionally add lime fertilizers, we also add rotted ones;
- We cut the seedlings short before planting so that the thick branches are no more than 8-10 cm long. For better survival, root cuts can be made. To do this, shorten the roots to 15-20 cm;
- Then we immerse the roots of the seedling in a clay mash and plant it, having previously straightened the roots, into the prepared pit. The neck of the rhizome of the seedling should be 5-8 cm below the level of the soil surface;
- After planting, water the seedling with water and sprinkle the surface with sawdust or.
Reproduction by root offspring
If you need to preserve the signs of the mother bush, another method of reproduction is useful - root offspring. It is necessary to harvest them from the healthiest and most productive bushes, late autumn or at an early spring period. This is usually done in two ways:- In the first option, an offspring 25-40 cm high is selected and separated with a shovel from the mother bush. You can do this both in autumn and in spring.
- Using the second method, the adnexal bush is not separated, but periodically spud and watered. Due to this treatment, adventitious roots begin to form in the offspring bush. The next year, in the fall, the bush is separated from the mother plant, but not transplanted, but left in place until spring. In the spring, it is transplanted to a new place, while trying not to damage the rhizomes of the seedling.
Rosehip Care
Rosehip pruning
It is necessary to thin out the rosehip bush 2-3 years after its planting. At the same time, for better yields, it is necessary to form a bush of 15-20 branches. It is good if the branches of the bush are of different ages, but not older than 7 years - old branches do not bear fruit well.
Old and weak branches should be done in the spring. Many guides recommend pruning in the fall, after leaf fall, but this is just not worth doing. Rosehip slices do not tolerate well, therefore spring pruning much more useful, especially in regions with severe winters. The main thing is not to turn pruning into shortening the bush - next year you will receive a large number of young growth that will not bring you a harvest.
Watering rose hips
Rosehip is drought-resistant, does not require permanent. If the weather is very hot or a dry period has set in, you can water the plant using 2-3 buckets of water for a young bush and about 5 buckets for a fruiting one. Usually for the whole season the bushes are watered 3-4 times.Rosehip top dressing
important for young plants. For the normal growth of wild rose (from the second year after planting), we do top dressing bushes. The first feeding is carried out in early spring, the second - during the period of rapid growth of shoots (usually in June-July), the third - in September.In the future, every 3 years we add at least 3 kg of compost or humus for each bush. After each top dressing, we loosen the soil and water it, sprinkle abundantly on top with sawdust or humus.
Harvesting rose hips
The most fun time has come - we are trying to take away its fruits from the wild rose :) Most varieties of wild rose have a lot of sharp and prickly thorns, so we advise you to wear strong clothes and tight mittens before picking the fruits. We begin harvesting when the skin of the fruit turns orange-red or red.
Usually the first harvest occurs in August and lasts until mid-autumn. When harvesting rose hips, it is important to remember the following:
- firstly, the berries must be harvested before frost (if we don’t have time, we will lose a lot of vitamins),
- secondly, you do not need to collect all the fruits at once (some will not have time to ripen, others will be overripe), it is better to remove them from the bushes in several stages.
Types and varieties of wild rose
Nowadays, there are more than 250 different types of wild rose. Below we list the most popular types of this variety in our area. wonderful plant. Some of them will delight you and appearance, and fruits, others are purely decorative.Rosehip cinnamon
It grows in Siberia, the bushes of this variety grow up to 2 m. The shrub got its name for the peculiar red-brown color of the bark. From one bush you can collect up to 2 kg of fruit.
Rosehip wrinkled
This variety has been cultivated for a long time. The plant is densely strewn with thorns, but up to 4 kg of fruit can be collected from one bush. It blooms almost all spring and summer, is not afraid of disease and frost.
Rose hips
This variety takes root well in the North, it also grows in Central Asia and in the Non-Black Earth Region. The shrub is abundantly strewn with short thorns. Flowers pink or red. It tolerates winter frosts and summer drought very well.
Rosehips are traditionally considered the "pale" relatives of regal garden roses. "Wild" and less showy, they have long been a symbol of failure in the cultivation of bush princesses and could never compete with them in popularity. Meanwhile, not all wild roses are plain and unattractive. They have their own incomparable beauty and their own unique decorative talents, which, thanks to modern landscape design, are finally appreciated. Park, or cultivated, wild roses are starting a new career today - a spectacular and versatile beautifully flowering berry bush.
Decorative virtues of cultivated rose hips
Rose hips, which are sometimes called park roses, and sometimes cultivated "wild roses", are an ornamental and fruit shrub at the same time. Bright rosehip berries, the harvest of which allows you to enrich the diet with ascorbic acid and trace elements, serve as the basis for already legendary drinks and are actively used in folk medicine, and in cooking. But their decorative qualities far exceed the taste characteristics and medicinal qualities of berries. Bright rose hips are one of the most beautiful garden "beads" that can be seen at the end of the season. However, wild roses are attractive not only for berries: unusual lacy crowns, unbridled temperament and almost wild beauty, delicate pastels of flowering and a sense of natural elegance - these are just some of the decorative virtues of wild roses. The beauty of the flowers of these "wild birds" is not inferior to any non-double or semi-double rose.
The ability of varietal wild roses to simplify garden care is also important. Unlike roses, these shrubs do not need to constantly remove fading flowers in order for the plant to look decorative, and pruning of wild roses is not required, except for a rare restraining molding or rejuvenation. They develop, bloom and bear fruit as if on their own, without watering, fertilizing and other aspects of the usual care of flowering shrubs. Rosehips are suitable for almost any task, versatile and absolutely undemanding, and it is precisely because of this that they are beautiful plants for garden design with simplified care.
Do not forget that wild roses are one of the most powerful shrubs in terms of the type of root system. The system of their roots not only causes difficulties for those who want to plant wild roses and move them to a new place: it can be a real find for owners of gardens with non-standard relief. Cultivated and non-varietal wild roses are equally good at fixing the soil and preventing its erosion and shedding, they are suitable for decorating gardens not only on slopes, but also on a slope or in a ravine.
Of course, the shortcomings of these relatives of roses are innumerable: powerful rhizomes, difficulty in controlling growth, pricklyness and sufficient stylistic limitations in the possibilities of their use in garden design for years served as the reason for the low popularity of wild roses as ornamental plant. But such shortcomings are the lot of only some species, basic plants. After all, modern dog roses have very decorative, compact and surprisingly elegant varieties. It is the park, or varietal, types of wild roses that are called cultivated wild roses, plants that are predominantly undersized and very malleable in cultivation.
The use of varietal rose hips in garden design
When they say that wild roses can take root everywhere and play any role in garden plot, their versatility and versatility are not exaggerated in the slightest. This is one of the most amazing flowering and berry bushes, which can easily "adjust" to a decorative task.
The main function of rosehips in decorative compositions– creation of a base, the basis of ensembles, the introduction of large accents and elements that remain attractive throughout the year. Park rose hips attract the main attention to themselves in the fall. It is at this time, when you do not get tired of watching the metamorphoses of nature, they dress up in a delightfully bright outfit of thousands of scarlet fruits. But in other seasons, wild roses are also surprisingly good: fragrant spring bloom uniquely gentle, the winter pattern of thorny branches is gracefully lacy, and the summer crown is lush and elegant. In the role of an ornamental shrub throughout the year, wild rose is most often used in front gardens and hedges, in which flowering and a bright scattering of fruits seem like a luxurious decoration even with the modest appearance of partner shrubs.
Rose hips are excellent candidates for introduction to flower beds, flower beds and large landscape ensembles with flowering plants. Requiring no care, varietal representatives park rose hips they are able to perform a variety of parties in flowering compositions, and thanks to their modest growth and openwork translucent crown, it is not at all necessary to push them into the background of the compositions. In the foreground, in the role of a structural accent, creating a background or introducing volume and relief into a flower garden - cultivated wild roses are equally good in any role and advantageously differ from other flowering shrubs in that they go well with any companions. They can be used as a large element of any composition on complex terrain (flower beds on a slope, slope, rock garden, etc.)
Of course, rose hips can also be used in groups of shrubs, mixed plantings or landscape-type hedges. At the same time, when combined with other shrubs, they play the role of a connector plant, which fills the compositions like lace, connects scattered plants with each other and with neighboring objects in the garden.
Good cultural dogrose and in the role of a soloist. This is bright shrubs with a beautiful silhouette, which can create a bright and catchy accent when planted as a proud loner. But in the role of a large tapeworm, wild roses are best used only in gardens with a stake in the naturalness of landscaping, and in projects with a stake in geometry, they must be supplemented with decor or combined with unusual geometric design elements.
Varietal rose hips grow in limited soil. At the same time, the yield of the bush practically does not suffer from growing in tubs and large pots. The main key to success is a container with a height of 60 cm, a sunny location and free air circulation. It is because of the last requirement that tubular rosehips are always put up as a single accent.
The selection of companions for cultivated wild roses is a simple task. They go well with all types of perennials and annual plants, moreover, when choosing partners, you need to focus on the conditions at the place of cultivation and the style of registration. For example, in a landscape garden, wild roses are perfectly combined with garden geraniums, lavender and cuff, foxgloves and bells, in a rustic garden - with phlox and aster, in the Mediterranean - with lavender and Byzantine chistets, in regular projects they are best combined with hosta, centranthus, geyhera, etc. In pots, gaultheria, verbena, abelia can act as an original addition to wild rose as a “rootstock”.
Star representatives of park wild roses
Low-growing, compact and versatile cultivated rose hips are most often hybrids and varieties of musk and wrinkled roses. But today's fashionable park rose hips often represent other types of "wild" roses - Gallic, multi-flowered or hybrids of different types. The maximum height of fashionable park rosehips today is about one and a half meters, while the ability to choose the structure of flowers, their color and various decorative advantages is different varieties does not affect the ability of wild roses to form a huge number of bright fruits.
The best among park wild roses today are:
Carmine, lacy, with a very dense crown wild rose Jundzilla (jundzillii) with a height of half a meter to two;
- variety "Officinalis" Gallic roses with an unusually beautiful and spreading landscape crown;
- Variety "Nana" multi-flowered rose with a striking number of pastel flowers that open for several months;
- a hybrid variety of park rose hips "Montblanc" (Montblanc) with a lacy pattern of small foliage and snow-white large flowers;
- a large-berry variety of wrinkled rose "Scabrosa" (Scabrosa) with a catchy bright color of greenery;
- decorated with juicy radiant fruits, the Robin Hood variety with modest pale pink flowers;
- bright pink large-flowered variety "PiRo 3" up to one and a half meters high with a surprisingly large bunch of bright yellow stamens in the center of the flowers;
- variety "Ballerina" (Ballerina) of a musk rose, able to settle in partial shade and captivating with watercolor pale pink flowers, decorated with brighter spots on the petals;
- terry bright red meter variety "Resonance" (Resonanz);
- fragrant bright pink variety of wrinkled rose with several waves of flowering "Moje Hammarberg";
- semi-double variety with bright shining lemon stamens and dark red petals "Red Rugostar", about 80 cm high;
- large-flowered semi-double watercolor-pink variety "Schneekoppe" of the same height;
- semi-double watercolor variety "Thisbe" with a rare peach color and several waves of flowering up to one and a half meters high;
- also a rather low, but surprisingly elegant semi-double variety with flattened saucer flowers "Northern Lights" with a watercolor complex pale-salmon color.
Despite the fact that all wild roses are characterized by bright red berries of a typical shape, in almost every variety they also have characteristics. So, in varieties of multi-flowered roses, in particular, the very popular Nana variety, the fruits are bright and catchy, shine like pearls, look great in decor, but they are so small that they can hardly be used for culinary and medicinal purposes. And a completely different matter is the fleshy and very juicy berries of the varieties "PiRo 3", "Robin Hood" or "Ballerina", which are created for harvesting. Therefore, when choosing your own star wild rose, decide in advance whether you will use all its talents, whether the quality of the fruit is important to you, or whether you will rely only on decorative characteristics.
Uncultivated wild roses are plants no less charming, albeit much more aggressive. In order for ordinary wild roses not to become a problem, they will have to be cut, controlling the height and growth rate of the bushes. But where it is necessary to create impenetrable dense hedges or thickets, they will be indispensable.
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Rosehip is a perennial shrub, a genus of plants. Its second name is "wild rose". Rosehip not only has beautiful flowers, but is also a storehouse of vitamins. On the suburban area he rightfully holds the record for the content of vitamin C, ahead of apples and currants. When planting a shrub, it is necessary to take into account the composition of the soil, as well as the lack of groundwater, since their stagnation can lead to rotting of the roots. Rosehip care mainly consists of watering, pruning and feeding the plant. Reproduction is carried out by root offspring, seedlings, as well as by growing from seeds. About 100 varieties of wild rose grow on the territory of the Russian Federation. And many of them are endemic. You can familiarize yourself with the variety of varieties of "wild rose" by viewing the gallery with photos.
Varieties
When choosing rose hips for planting in a summer cottage, it is best to give preference to varieties with a high content of vitamins.
- rose wrinkled(R. rugosa). One of the most popular species among gardeners. Its height reaches one and a half meters. It has a huge number of shoots, which facilitates the process of reproduction. The species is frost-resistant and is not afraid of soils rich in salts. It can grow in poor soils and windy areas. The homeland of the wrinkled rose is the Far East.
- Rosehip May, he is Sh. cinnamon (R. cinnamomea L., R.maialis Herrm). In the wild, it grows independently in the European part of Russia, up to Siberia. The height of this plant fluctuates around 2 m. It is distinguished by rare thorns, and on shoots with flowers they are not at all. The flowering of the species occurs in May.
Rosehip May
- Rose hips(R. acicularis Lindley). Winter-hardy variety that can withstand severe frosts (up to -40 degrees). The height of the shrub varies in the range from 1 to 3 m. The fruits of the needle-rose hips are high in vitamin C, and their size reaches 1.5 cm.
- Rose Webb(R. webbiana Wall. ex Royle). A perennial plant whose height reaches 1 m. It has rare, slightly curved thorns. The flowers are red or pink, sometimes white. It grows mainly on the slopes of mountain ranges (in the Himalayas, Pamirs, Tibet and Mongolia).
- dog rose(R. canina) - a plant species with a low content of ascorbic acid. Its distinguishing feature is the absence of a hole at the top and quickly falling leaves.
Advice. Rose hips can be easily tested for vitamin content. It is believed that vitamin plant species can whistle. If you blow into the hole at the top of the fruit, you will hear a small whistle.
Among the breeding varieties are:
- "Vitamin VNIVI"- early medium variety. Requires pollination. Therefore, you will need to plant another bush, but of a different variety. It has massive fruits and a considerable amount of vitamins. The yield of the variety is about 2.5 kg per plant. There are no thorns in the places of fruiting, which facilitates the process of collecting fruits.
- "Vorontsovsky 1"- a hybrid of two roses: wrinkled and Webb. In addition to vitamins C and bioflavonoids, it has a high content of folic acid. The yield is slightly higher than the previous one and is about 3 kg.
- "Large-fruited VNIVI"- winter-hardy, high-yielding and resistant to diseases and pests variety. Differs in long flowering. Rose hips are usually used to make jam, jam and other preparations.
Rosehip large-fruited VNIVI
- "Russian 1"- vitamin grade. Grown mainly in the Ural region. Productivity from 1.5 to 2 kg. Rust resistant.
- "The globe" – winter-hardy variety, high, contains many vitamins.
- "Finger"- winter-hardy and pest-resistant variety. Grown in the West Siberian region.
- "Victory". Not much different from the previous variety. In addition to the above characteristics, it has a pleasant aroma.
- "Titanium"- a tall shrub with fruits growing in 3-5 pieces. The yield is very high, resistant to diseases and pests.
- "Apple"- a low shrub with large fruits with a sweet and sour taste.
- "Sergievsky"- a variety with an average ripening period. Fruits are sweet and sour with a high content of vitamin C.
- "Ural Champion". A very winter-hardy variety that is suitable for cultivation in all regions of the country.
Landing and care
Rosehip - quite unpretentious shrub. It is planted to obtain fruits that contain a large amount of vitamins. In particular, vitamin C. In addition, the plant publishes incredible flavor during the flowering period.
Rosehip planting is carried out in the fall. The place should be bright. But even in a shaded area, it will grow well. But if you want to get a good rosehip crop, then it is better to choose a site that is well lit by the sun.
Landing order: step by step instructions
- Dig a hole length, width and height, which should be about half a meter.
- At the bottom of the dug hole there should be a small hill of soil.
- The roots are carefully laid out and covered with earth.
- Water the planted plant.
- Shelter for the winter period is not required.
Advice. Landing can be done in the spring, but it is better to do this before the formation of buds. This is done so that the rosehip can more easily endure the landing.
Another rule of planting is maintaining the distance between the bushes. It must be at least 120 cm.
Rosehip care consists of watering, pruning and feeding. In the first year of life, especially in drought, the plant needs periodic watering. Mature shrubs are watered infrequently, but plentifully. Watering is required during the period when the ovaries appear, provided there is no rain. It takes up to 30 liters of water for a young bush, and even more for a fruit-bearing bush - about 50 liters.
If the rosehip bush is cut, it will become a worthy element of landscape design.
Often, wild rose is used as a hedge. In order for the plant not to lose its decorative effect, it should be cut off periodically. Pruning is done in autumn or early spring before buds appear. You can also prune at the end of winter, when all the dried and dead branches are visible.
Fertilizer
Top dressings require special consideration. Root top dressing produced about four times a year: before and after flowering, at the beginning of fruit ripening and after harvest.
For the first top dressing, organic fertilizer is required, which is bred at the rate of 3 tbsp. l per bucket of water.
The second dressing consists of half a glass of "Agricola" in a bucket of water. Sometimes organic fertilizer is added.
The third top dressing is to use only Agricola.
For the last feeding, take a bucket of water and 2 tbsp. l funds "Agricolaaqua". Rosehip bushes are treated with this solution after flowering three times with a frequency of 10 days.
Propagation of a wild rose
Rosehip propagation is carried out in several known ways.
Growing from seed. The collection of seeds for planting is carried out in August, when the fruits are not yet fully ripe.
- The fruits are harvested.
- The seeds are removed and washed.
- Sowing is carried out in September, deepening the seeds by 2 cm. The distance between the seeds should be at least 5 cm.
Rosehip seeds
way green cuttings. Convenient way with a high percentage of rooting.
- The cuttings are cut with an oblique cut.
- Dipped in a root growth activator.
- Transplanted into pots.
- Cover with foil and moderately water as the soil dries.
- Planted in open ground.
reproduction root offspring. The method is used to preserve the properties of the mother bush. Used infrequently.
By dividing the bush. A shrub about 6 years old is dug up and the rhizome is divided into several parts. Small shrubs are immediately planted in the ground, without waiting for the roots to dry.
Diseases and pests
"Wild Rose" is prone to diseases and attack by pests. These include rust, powdery mildew, gray and brown rot, and damage is caused by rose flies, leafworms, spider mites and sawflies.
From insects will help get rid of the use of infusion of garlic with laundry soap. The shrub should be sprayed with this mixture before flowering and after harvesting the fruits. The drug "Topaz" will help from rust, and Bordeaux liquid will cope with black spotting.
Treat the bush from pests several times a season
Rosehip is a high-vitamin plant, perennial. Often used in landscape design as a hedge. Landing and caring for him is not burdensome. Feeding plays a special role. They are held four times a year. Rose hips are used to make tea, decoction, jam and jam. The shrub contains a large amount of vitamin C and is an excellent tool for the prevention and treatment of colds.
Growing wild rose: video
Rosehip on the plot: photo
