Wild rose or wild rose: benefits and harms. Cultivated wild rose

Probably everyone knows this wild bush from the Rose family. In the people it is often called a wild rose, although in the scientific literature this shrub is referred to as a wild rose. When it blooms, and this wonderful time falls in May-June, it is impossible to resist the enchanting aroma of pale pink flowers.

The medicinal properties of this plant have been known to people for centuries. In traditional medicine, they learned to use only rose hips. But traditional healers have found application for all its parts.

Curious to Know: Legends

Inhabitants Ancient Greece believed that rose hips contribute to the arousal of passion. Therefore, the flower petals of this bush strewn the path of the bride and groom to the temple of Aphrodite.

Another legend says that rose hips used to be white. They were very pleased with the swallow that flew by. Therefore, the bird decided to touch them. But as soon as she approached, she pricked herself on sharp spikes. Flying away, the swallow dropped a couple of drops of blood, which dyed the fruits red.

For the inhabitants of Russia, rose hips, the benefits and harms of which were already known in those days, symbolized eternal love and beauty. Therefore he was required attribute some rituals, they prepared food from it, and healers made ointments from it for healing wounds.

There is a lot of vitamin C in the fruits of wild rose, more than in blackcurrant (7-10 times) and lemon (40-50 times). To ensure the daily intake of vitamin, it is enough to eat only 1-3 fruits. In different varieties and different amounts of this vitamin. But Begger's rosehip is the leader in this competition. It contains 7-20% vitamin C.

What are rose hips rich in

In addition to a huge amount of vitamin C, there are other vitamins in the wild rose: B1, PP, E, B2.

There are also tannins, as well as minerals: Manganese (Mn), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Sodium (Na), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn).

Dried rose hips are quite high in calories: 100 g contains 110 kcal. And it is important to note that there are no fats here at all. In 100 grams of dry rose hips, there are only 3.4 g of proteins and 21.5 g of carbohydrates.

Rosehip is a good helper

With a variety of ailments, rose hips will come to your aid, the benefits and harms of which can be the same if you use it incorrectly.

If you take rosehip correctly, then it is able to:

1. Strengthen immunity.
2. Strengthen blood vessels and put in order the metabolism.
3. Lower blood pressure.
4. Help the stomach digest food.
5. Nourish the body with iron.
6. Act as an antioxidant.
7. Treat tuberculosis.
8. Heal wounds.
9. Take care of nails, hair and skin.

As you can see, rosehip is a universal product that can replace many pharmaceutical products for you. But for each ailment, there is a separate recipe for making a healing potion from wild rose.

In case of violation of the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to drink an infusion from the fruits of a wild rose. For this medicine, take 10 g of fruits and pour them with a glass of boiled water. This infusion should be drunk throughout the day. It helps well with diseases of the kidneys, heart, liver, pulmonary tuberculosis, gallbladder.

To improve the condition of a patient with hypertension, atherosclerosis, infections or anemia, it is recommended to drink a decoction prepared in a steam bath from rose hips. It is worth noting that the fruits must necessarily be with seeds.

Wild rose petals are also used in folk medicine. Of these, a decoction is prepared for this recipe: 100 g of petals per glass of water, boil for at least an hour. This decoction is used to treat eye diseases and erysipelas of the skin.

Traditional healers learned how to make oil from rosehip seeds. They are treated with trophic ulcers, dermatoses, bedsores, nipple cracks (relevant for nursing mothers).

The root of this plant is used by folk magicians to treat hypertension and kidney stones. In everyday life, rosehip roots are used to dye fabrics in Brown color.

Russians learned how to make wine and liquor from rose hips. And I must say that in addition to a pleasant taste and aroma, these drinks give a person an even greater supply of vitamins. True, it is not worth abusing wine and liquor, so that an overdose of vitamins does not happen.

Rosehip and pregnancy

Although the benefits and harms wild rose so well researched, pregnant women should use it very carefully. But if contraindications for use this product will not be, then for expectant mothers this is salvation.

To keep the body in good shape, a pregnant woman should take rosehip tea every day. But all good things should be in moderation.

Rosehip and weight loss

For those who already in their dreams see themselves as a slender beauty or a handsome man, we inform you: remove everything extra pounds briar can't. But it will help in this as well!

Rose hips do an excellent job of removing toxins and toxins. If you regularly drink rosehip tea, you can contribute well to the overall result.

Contraindications for use

As already mentioned, the benefits and harms wild rose can be the same if taken incorrectly. Therefore, it does not hurt to know what contraindications exist for its use in order to prevent undesirable consequences.

1. An overdose of rose hips can harm the kidneys.
2. People suffering from thrombosis and thrombophlebitis should not take this product.
3. You can not drink rose hips if you have an increased acidity of the stomach.
4. Rose hips contain a certain amount of acids, which over time can destroy tooth enamel. Therefore, after taking such tea or infusion, you should rinse your mouth with water.
5. With ulcers and gastritis. Rosehip, of course, treats such diseases. But if you have gastritis with hyperacidity, then it is highly undesirable to accept it.
6. Rosehip should be taken very carefully by those who suffer from endocarditis.
7. Hypertensive patients are forbidden to drink alcohol tinctures wild rose, but hypotensive patients are recommended.
8. If you take wild rose in any form in large quantities, then there is the opportunity to earn non-infectious jaundice.
9. Medicines with wild rose root slow down the flow of bile.
10. Rosehip is contraindicated in constipation.

Rosehip is a product saturated with a huge amount of vitamins. It is used to treat various diseases. But it is worth remembering that a wild rose can do harm if it is treated carelessly.

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People continue to use the medicinal properties of rose hips for almost their entire existence. Ludwig Graeber's 16th-century herbalist has a recipe for using rose hips as a tooth powder to strengthen gums. For the same purpose, it was also used by Russian folk healers. They also recommended rose hips as a remedy to help heal wounds.

To collect its fruits in the XVI-XVII centuries, and possibly earlier, special detachments were sent to the Orenburg steppes under the protection of soldiers. As you know, any disease in Ancient Russia called sickness. From here came the popular name of the wild rose "hvorobornik", or "svorobornik". It was believed that "the water of the svoborin color of the wound heals, removes the overthrow, and does not allow the wound to spread either in width or in length." With this in mind, during the Russian-Turkish war, the wounded were given “svoroborin molasses” (rosehip broth) to maintain strength and treatment. Flowers after distillation with water were used for antiseptic dressings, and the edges of wounds were washed with water infusion to avoid gangrene.

However, the history of close study of wild roses began in the 40s of the last century, from the moment the high content of ascorbic acid was discovered in their fruits. Further studies have shown that this plant is a real pantry of many vitamins and a large number of biologically active substances.

Rosehip: useful properties

At present, vitamins C, P, B1, B2, B9, K, E, carotene, carbohydrates, organic acids, tannins, macro- and microelements, and other useful substances have been found in rose hips. Moreover, according to some of them, wild rose is an absolute record holder.

Useful substances are also generously endowed with seeds, leaves, rosehip flowers. Seeds contain oil rich in carotene and vitamin E, saturated with organic acids. Young leaves contain 450 mg% or more of ascorbic acid. Fresh flower petals contain 0.04% essential oil.

Thanks to all these qualities, rosehip is a medicinal plant. By evaporating the fruit juice, the drug holosas is obtained, which is used as a choleretic agent for diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Rosehip oil is prepared from the seeds, which is used to treat wounds, ulcers, bedsores, and burns. The pulp goes to the production of the drug carotolin, used for diseases of the skin, mucous membrane of the throat.

With timely collection, proper drying and storage, rose hips do not lose their biological activity for two years. The infusion prepared from them improves the redox processes in the body, has a positive effect on the synthesis of hormones, the activity of enzymes, and increases the protective properties of the body from the adverse effects of the external environment. It is recommended to drink it for beriberi, gastric and duodenal ulcers, colitis, gastric catarrh with low acidity, kidney and bladder diseases, trophic ulcers, hepatitis and cholecystitis, bronchial asthma, atherosclerosis, acute and chronic infections, anemia, indigestion and other diseases. .

To prepare an infusion for 2 cups of boiling water (400 ml), take 20 g of pure chopped fruits and enamelware heated for 15 minutes in a water bath. Then they insist for a day, filter, squeeze the sediment. The resulting volume of infusion is adjusted boiled water up to 400 ml and take 100 ml 2 times a day. Store in a cool place, preferably in the refrigerator.

Fig. 1. Rose hips: 1. With a high content of i vitamins; 2. Low in vitamins

However, the infusion should not be abused, especially prepared from high-vitamin varietal fruits. Ascorbic acid in people prone to oxaluria (excretion of oxalic acid salts - oxalates - in the urine), with overuse may cause stone formation.

In folk medicine, a decoction of branches and leaves of wild rose is used as an analgesic for radiculitis and gastric colic, for flatulence and as an astringent, flowers for lotions for eye diseases, petals for erysipelas and as an antitussive. In addition, flowers are part of a number of medical fees, and Tibetan medicine recommends their use in neurasthenia.

A decoction of rosehip roots is used to treat dysentery, used as an anthelmintic, used for gallstone and urolithiasis, heart disease, polyarthritis, malaria and hypertension, used for baths with paralysis.

Moreover, many products of wild rose processing also retain their beneficial properties. Its fruits are an integral part of more than twenty types of fortified drinks and culinary products. And the shamans of Alaska treat with Grate Cool wine, made from rose hips. By the way, folk medicine in many countries widely uses wine in combination with medicinal plants for the treatment of a number of diseases (bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, nephritis, etc.).

Nowadays, stress has become a constant companion of many millions of people. And in this state, vitamins in the human body burn out at a tremendous speed. Their prolonged deficiency weakens the immune system, leaving a person practically defenseless against any viruses. As a result, even a simple cold is much more difficult for them to endure, often being the cause severe complications. Grow wild rose - and it will help you withstand any adversity!

Rosehip - biological properties

The rosehip genus (Rosa L.) belongs to the subfamily Rosanaceae (Rosoideae) of the Rosaceae family. Here is such a complex pedigree of this plant. From a botanical point of view, wild rose is a perennial (lives 20-25 years), multi-stem erect shrub 1.5-2 m or more high. Its thin rod-like branches are almost always covered with numerous thorns (especially in the lower part). Although some species also have thornless forms.

Leaves spirally arranged along the shoot, pinnate, 5-15 cm long, with 5-9 leaflets. Leaf blades are often thin, oblong-elliptical or ovate with a serrated edge, the surface is usually matte, from light to dark green in color, the leaves are gray-green below.

Rosehip is a monoecious, cross-pollinated by insects (bees, bumblebees) plant. In the middle lane, it blooms from late May to mid-June for 20 days. Flowers with a diameter of 3-7 cm or more are collected in inflorescences of 3-9 pieces (rarely solitary), bisexual, with lanceolate bracts and a delicate aroma. Corolla five-petal, sometimes terry, petals white, yellow, red, but most often pink.

The fruits are single-seeded nuts enclosed in a fleshy false fruit of ovoid or elongated, spherical or flattened-spherical shape, with a diameter of 10 to 40 mm. Its walls are fleshy, bright red or maroon with a purple tint, smooth and shiny on the outside, covered with glandular hairs inside. Sepals are preserved outside the fruit after its ripening (in late July - early August). Rosehip enters fruiting from the age of three.

In appearance, it is very easy to determine how many vitamins are in rose hips. In high-vitamin species and varieties, the sepals are always directed upwards, while in low-vitamin ones, they are either lowered down or pressed against the fruit.

Seeds 3-5 mm long, ellipsoidal, with a clearly visible ventral suture and long hairs pressed against the wall, protruding at the apex in the form of a brush. Rosehip seeds collected from overripe fruits (especially dried ones) are very difficult to germinate and require long-term stratification (6 months or more). Even with autumn sowing, they sprout in the second or third year. And seeds collected from slightly unripe fruits and without drying, immediately sown in moist soil, sprout together in the first year after sowing.

The root system of 2-3-year-old plants reaches a depth of 1.5 m, by 6-7 years of age - 2.5 m. Roots with adventitious buds depart from the main roots, from which root suckers are formed. Horizontal roots are located at a depth of 20-25 cm, slightly receding beyond the crown projection. Thanks to such a well-developed root system, the bush easily tolerates short-term droughts.

Rosehip is a light and heat-loving plant. Under dark conditions, thin, weak shoots are formed. They shed their leaves early, and therefore freeze even in relatively warm winters. With a lack of heat in summer period plants greatly retard their development, reduce annual growth by several times, which reduces their fruiting in the next year.

For wild rose, moderately moist chernozems with a powerful fertile horizon are most suitable; gray forest sandy or loamy, rich nutrients, with pH 5.5-7.5. Solonetsous soils and those with close standing groundwater (less than 1.5 m) are unsuitable for it.

Many types of wild rose are frost-resistant. They tolerate long-term temperature drops down to minus 30 degrees and short-term ones down to minus 35 degrees. However, with prolonged thaws and a subsequent sharp drop in temperature in the winter-spring period, 1-2-year-old shoots may freeze slightly.

In spring, well-developed flower-growth buds are the first to start growing. As a rule, they are located in the middle and upper parts annual branches and annual growth of perennials. Flower buds form shoots 10-30 cm long or more, which end in an inflorescence.

The buds in the lower part of the branches and at the base of the annual growth of higher orders of branching are less developed, bloom later and, under favorable conditions, form vegetative shoots.

Weak annual branches, as well as those formed at the end of summer under the canopy of the crown, usually lay only growth buds. Buds formed at the base of branches and strong lateral growth often long time(3-4 years or more) remain dormant. With the attenuation of growth and fruiting of the branches, they form top shoots, which have a low yield and a short productive period (1-2 years). All this must be taken into account when pruning the wild rose.

The number of flowers in inflorescences, fruit set and fruiting of branches are closely related to the diameter of the stem on which they are located. The thicker it is, the higher the annual growth of the branch, the longer the shoots, the more leaves on them and the better the fruits are tied in inflorescences. At the end of flowering, new shoots form on fruiting shoots. They are the main place for laying flower buds, so their growth determines the next year's harvest.

An important feature of the wild rose is its ability to form new branches annually, allowing it to restore above-ground part plants in case of death from frost, fire, etc.

In the life of each individual branch there are several age periods: enhanced growth (1-2 years); fruiting (2-4 years); aging and dying off (5-8 years). On old branches that have reduced growth, a single arrangement of flowers and fruits is usually observed.

Rosehip bushes give the greatest harvest at the age of 4-5 to 12-15 years. Therefore, every 8-10 years, 2-3 new bushes should be planted, taking offspring from highly productive old ones.

THE BEST HELL VARIETIES

Very good if you buy varietal wild rose with large fruits containing a high percentage of vitamins, and with a minimum number of spikes. However, you can also plant a wild rose hip, created by nature itself and generously endowed with vitamins. Of those growing in our country, these are rose hips: Alberta, Alpine, Dahurian, spiny, cinnamon, wrinkled, gray, Webb, Fedchenko, apple. It is on their basis that the following varieties are bred.

VITAMIN VNIVI.

Bush about 2 m high, compressed from below, sprawling above. There are no thorns in the fruiting zone. The flowers are small, pale pink, 3-5 per inflorescence. The fruits are round-oval, orange-red when ripe, weighing about 2 g. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 2500 mg% of vitamin C. The yield from a five-year-old bush is 1 kg. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of rhizomatous offspring is above average.

THE GLOBE.

The bush is medium tall, about 1.5 m high, with thick, almost straight branches, bending under the weight of the fruit during fruiting. There are few thorns in the upper part of the bush. The flowers are large, pink, with darker edges. The fruits are spherical, light red when ripe, weighing about 4 g. The yield from a five-year-old bush is 1.6 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 2400 mg% of vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of rhizomatous offspring is average.

LARGE VNIVI.

The bush is medium tall, about 1.5 m high, sprawling. The branches are strongly thorny. The flowers are large (8-10 cm in diameter), pink. Remontant variety: blooms from May to September, fruits ripen from August to October. The fruits are spherical-oval, orange-red when ripe, weighing about 8 g. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 1000 mg% of vitamin C. The yield from a five-year-old bush is 2.5 kg. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of rhizomatous offspring is average.

OVAL.

Bush 1.2-1.5 m high.

The flowers are white, about 7 cm in diameter. The fruits are round, red when ripe, weighing about 12 g. The flesh is thick, juicy, sweet. Harvest from a five-year bush 2 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 1200 mg% of vitamin C. The fruits are suitable for drying, but it is better to use them for jam, marshmallow, candied fruit.

SERGEY MIRONOV.

The bush is medium tall, 1.2-1.5 m high, medium sprawling. The flowers are large, pink. Oval-shaped fruits, weighing up to 15 g. Harvest from a five-year-old bush is about 6 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 1500 mg% of vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to diseases and pests.

FINGER.

The bush is medium tall, 1.2-1.5 m high, sprawling. Thorns are located only at the base of annual branches; they are absent in the fruiting zone. The flowers are dark pink, about 6 cm in diameter. The fruits are elongated, slightly fusiform, bright red when ripe, weighing up to 3 g. The yield from a five-year-old bush is about 1 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 2100 mg% of vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of rhizomatous offspring is weak.

VICTORY.

The bush is medium tall, 1.2-1.5 m high, compact. There are few thorns in the fruiting zone. The flowers are white with a pinkish tinge, large. The fruits are oval, dark red when ripe, weighing 2.7 g. The yield from a five-year-old bush is 1.1 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 3100 mg% of vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of offspring is weak.

RUBY.

The bush is vigorous, the branches are straight, slightly curved in the upper part. There are almost no thorns in the fruiting zone. The flowers are pale pink, about 5 cm in diameter. The fruits are oblong-oval, dark red when ripe, weighing 3.6 g. The yield from a five-year-old bush is about 1 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 3100 mg% of vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of rhizomatous offspring is weak.

TITANIUM.

The bush is vigorous, up to 2 m high. There are no thorns in the fruiting zone. The flowers are light pink, about 6 cm in diameter. The fruits are bright red, weighing 4 g, arranged in groups of 3-5 pieces. Harvest from a five-year-old bush is about 1.8 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 2000 mg% of vitamin C. Winter hardiness is high, the formation of rhizomatous offspring is weak.

SPIRE.

The bush is medium tall, up to 1.6 m high. In the fruiting zone near the base of almost each leaf, there are 2 thorns. The flowers are light pink, medium size, in an inflorescence of 3-7 pieces. The fruits are oblong-oval, orange-red when ripe, weighing about 2.6 g.

Harvest from a five-year bush 1 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 2600 mg% of vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of rhizomatous offspring is weak.

APPLE.

The bush is low, up to 1.2 m high. The branches along the entire length, especially in the lower part, are densely covered with short and straight thorns. The flowers are dark red, large, 5-7 in the inflorescence. Fruits when ripe are dark red, weighing up to 13 g. Harvest from a five-year-old bush is 1.9 kg. The pulp of fresh fruits contains 1400 mg% of vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, the formation of offspring is average.

Rosehip: planting and care

The opinion about wild rose, as a plant undemanding to growing conditions, is wrong.

In order to get a rich harvest every year, you need to take care of it in the same way as other berry plants: in case of drought, water it, feed it with fertilizers, remove fruit-bearing branches, and protect it from pests and diseases. And the path to vitamins from your rosehip begins with a properly carried out landing.

LANDING ROSEHIPS.

Plant a wild rose better in autumn, in the third decade of September - the first half of October, but it is also possible in early spring (before bud break).

For seedlings, a well-lit place is selected, protected from cold winds. If the soil is poor, a month before the autumn planting for digging, they add per 1 m2: 6-8 kg of compost, 40-60 g of superphosphate and 20-30 g of potassium salt. Acidic soils are limed a year before planting slaked lime at the rate of 300-500 g per 1 m2 (depending on the pH level). For spring planting fertilizers are applied and embedded in the soil in autumn (in October).

When buying rose hips, keep in mind that standard seedlings should have
the height of the aerial part is 80-120 cm, 2-3 skeletal branches, the thickness of the bole at the root collar is 8-12 mm, 3-5 skeletal roots 15-20 cm long.

Since rosehip plants are cross-pollinated, several bushes of different varieties are planted at once, but blooming at the same time.

For planting, you can use both annual and biennial seedlings. Depending on the future growth force, the bushes are planted after 1.5-3 m. Planting pits are dug at least 50 cm in diameter and depth, 10-15 kg of humus are added to each,

150-200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium sulfate and 60-70 g ammonium nitrate, previously mixed well with fertile soil.

Before planting, the aerial part of the seedling is cut short, leaving stumps 8–10 cm long, and the main roots are shortened by 3–5 cm. so that the root neck is at ground level. After planting, the plants are watered abundantly and the soil is mulched with peat, sawdust or dry earth.

WATERING AND FERTILIZING ROSEHIPS.

In dry weather, wild rose needs watering, especially in the first year after planting. As a rule, adult bushes are watered rarely, but plentifully. If during the active growth of shoots and ovaries there is no rain, when watering a young bush, they spend 20-30 liters of water, and 40-50 liters for a fruit-bearing bush.

From the third year of life in the garden, rose hips are fed with organic and mineral fertilizers. Minerals are applied in three terms: nitrogen - in the spring, at the beginning of plant growth, and in summer, during the formation of fruits and shoot growth, using 100-120 g per bush; phosphorus and potash - in the fall, after harvesting, using 150-180 g per plant. During the period of active growth of shoots and ovaries, the wild rose responds well to top dressing with fermented and diluted with water (1:12-15) bird droppings or slurry (1:5), based on a bucket per bush.

It is better to apply mineral fertilizers before watering, evenly scattering them over the entire projection of the crown and planting them in the soil by shallow (10-15 cm) loosening. It is desirable to pour liquid dressings into circular or longitudinal grooves 7-10 cm deep, located at a distance of 50 cm from the center of the bush. After top dressing and watering, the grooves fall asleep, and the soil of the tree trunks is mulched.

SHAPING AND CUTTING.

It is necessary to form a wild rose, otherwise you should not count on a rich harvest of the same large fruits that are indicated in the characteristics of the variety. By the age of five, the aerial part should consist of 6-10 strong, uneven-aged, correctly spaced branches.

To form a bush, basal shoots and root offspring are used. It is better to prune the wild rose in the fall, but it is also possible in the spring before the buds open.

The formation of a bush begins with planting, when, as we have already said, all branches are cut off, leaving stumps up to 10 cm long. After 2 years, weak branches, root shoots that have grown far from the bush are removed. The remaining strong branches are cut to 15 cm. When the shoots grown from them reach 70 cm, they are pinched to stimulate branching.

Further formation of an already fruitful bush consists in replacing unproductive branches. In rose hips on 5-7-year-old branches, annual growth decreases, the number of flower buds decreases, and productivity decreases. Therefore, such branches are annually cut to the ground, picking up strong young shoots to replace them. To enhance branching and stimulate fruiting, the selected shoots are shortened, leaving 70 cm.

Rose hips also need annual sanitary pruning with the removal of weak, underdeveloped, diseased, poorly located, broken branches. Excess basal shoots are also subject to cutting.

Too long, more than 2 m. Annual branches are shortened by about 30 cm.

PROTECTION FROM PESTS AND DISEASES.

Harmful insects that have chosen wild rose can damage young growth (aphids), buds (raspberry-strawberry weevil), pulp (rose hip motley), shoot leaves (spider mites) and stems (sawflies). With a large number of these pests, the bushes are treated with Actellik (10 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water) before and after flowering. However, it is better to use herbal preparations instead of pesticides.

Aphids and mites can be lime infusion of potato tops (1 kg per bucket of water, leave for 4 hours, strain and spray). Raspberry-strawberry weevil is afraid of a decoction of wormwood (1 kg boil for 15 minutes in a small amount of water, then strain and add up to 10 liters). Sawflies and motley are expelled with infusion of dry mustard (100 g per 10 liters of boiling water, leave for 2 days and dilute with water 1: 1).

Of the diseases, the most dangerous are: rust, which affects the trunks of branches, stems of shoots, leaves and fruit ovaries; black and brown spots, powdery mildew, spoiling leaves. For chemical protection against rust and blotches, the wild rose is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid or a 0.1% suspension of benlat or foundationol. Against powdery mildew, the crown is dusted or sprayed with preparations containing sulfur (1% colloidal sulfur, ground sulfur, 0.3% thiovit jet). With environmentally friendly protection, take 1 liter of whey (skim milk or buttermilk), add 9 liters of water, stir. Diseased plants are treated with this solution.

Note to the gardener:

If the rosehip leaves turn pale due to chlorosis, the bushes must be processed
0.5% solution of ferrous sulfate. And for prevention, it is useful to introduce it into the soil of the near-trunk circle once every 4-5 years (0.5 g / m2).

PROTECTION FROM FROST.

Those types and varieties of wild rose that we tell you about do not need shelter for the winter. The exception is seedlings and varieties derived from wrinkled roses. Their branches are bent to the ground and made sure that they are covered with snow.

HARVESTING.

Rose hips are harvested when they turn into the color inherent in the variety or at the beginning of the softening of the pulp. They are plucked along with the sepals - without them, the dog rose quickly deteriorates and becomes moldy.

The fruits do not ripen at the same time, so the crop is harvested in several stages - from the second half of August until frost. It is impossible to be late with harvesting, as the content of vitamins decreases in overripe or frozen fruits. Please note - rose hips for jam are harvested slightly unripe.

The collected fruits are transferred to a room with a temperature of 10-15 degrees, scattered with a layer of 5 cm and allowed to lie down for 2-3 days (no more!). Then start drying. In order not to lose vitamins, it is impossible to dry rose hips in the sun, this must be done in special dryers, electric ovens, you can use gas ones, with the door ajar. At a temperature of 80-90 degrees, avoiding burning, dry for 1 hour, then at 50-60 degrees. When the fruits become orange or brownish-red in color, and the skin becomes slightly wrinkled, drying is stopped. Sepals are removed before storage. As a rule, the yield of dry fruits in relation to fresh ones is 20%. Rose hips are poured into paper bags and stored in a dark, cool (10-12 degrees) and well-ventilated place for up to two years.

Beautiful varieties of wild rose

From a botanical point of view, wild roses are park roses. But unlike capricious southern women, they do not require shelter for the winter and give us vitamin fruits. Many wild roses can be used as a fruit-bearing impenetrable hedge, decorate the lawn with them, plant near the bench, along the paths.

There are a lot of garden forms and decorative types of wild rose, so we decided to introduce you only to those with external attractiveness and a high content of vitamins in fruits.

ROSE ALBERT.

Originally from Central Asia. It grows up to 1.5 m. The branches are thin, arched, covered with thorns. The leaves consist of 7-11 narrowly elliptical leaflets up to 4 cm long, dark green above, lighter below. Blooms in May-June. The flowers are white, solitary or in inflorescences of 2-3 at the ends of the shoots. The fruits are red-orange, contain 1300 mg% of vitamin C. Skoroploden and winter-hardy.

It can be used for single and group plantings, creating living flowering and fruiting hedges. Good rootstock for cultivated roses.

ROSE HIPS DAUR.

It occurs naturally in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. Erect shrub up to 1.5 m high with thin branches of brown or red-brown color. Leaf blades are green in summer, yellow-red in autumn. The thorns are densely planted at the base of the branches. The flowers are dark pink, large, about 4 cm in diameter, for the most part collected in inflorescences of 2-3 or more. The fruits are small, spherical, ovoid or oblong, red when ripe, contain 1800 mg% of vitamin C.

The bush is winter-hardy, gives a lot of root offspring. Used to create a hedge.

ROSE HIPS.

Its thickets are found in the middle zone of the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and Central Asia. Low, up to 2 m, shrub with arched, rarely erect dark gray branches, covered with dense, thin, straight or slightly curved thorns. The leaves are compound, consisting of 5-7 bluish leaflets. Blooms in June-July. Flowers on long stalks, 5 cm in diameter, often solitary, rarely 2-3 in an inflorescence, pink or reddish petals. The fruits are small, elliptical in shape, contain 1300 mg% of vitamin C. Plants of this species give a lot of rhizomatous offspring. One of the most winter-hardy types.

It is used for hedges and as a rootstock of cultivated roses. It has numerous garden forms, among which the needle-shaped Nippon form with large dense pink flowers is especially valued.

BROWN BROWN.

Its thickets are common in the European part of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia. It grows no higher than 2 m, the branches are thin, slightly inclined, brown-red. Spikes on the shoots are rare, arranged in pairs at the cuttings of the leaves and bent down. The leaves are compound, with 5-7 leaflets elliptical or ovoid. Blooms from mid-May to July. Fragrant flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary, rarely 2-3 in inflorescence, color of petals from pale pink to red. Fruits up to 2.5 cm long, spherical, flattened-spherical or ovoid, orange to dark red in color, contain 2000-4000 mg% of vitamin C. The formation of offspring is moderate. Winter hardiness is quite high.

There are two terry forms (high and short) with very beautiful pink flowers.

ROSE WRINKLE, OR ROSE WRINKLE, OR RUGOSA.

Natural thickets are mainly distributed in the Far East and the Baltic states. This is a beautiful shrub with thick, erect branches, abundantly covered with different lengths and thickness of spikes. The height of the bushes is about 1.5 m. Leaves up to 12 cm long, consisting of 5-9 leaflets, rounded, dark green, wrinkled above, pubescent below. Flowers up to 7 cm in diameter, collected 3-6 in inflorescences, rarely solitary, fragrant, red petals. Flowering begins in June and continues until late autumn. The fruits are large, flattened-spherical, fleshy, bright red or orange, contain up to 1600 mg% of vitamin C. Rose hips are wrinkled winter-hardy and have long been cultivated as an ornamental plant.

On the basis of this species, about 100 varieties and hybrids have been created, having flowers with a diameter of 12-15 cm, simple and double, white-pink and red, collected in inflorescences up to 8 pieces. The most popular varieties are: Agnes with creamy white double flowers; Hanza with dark red double flowers; Schnetswerg with large white semi-double flowers; Konrad Ferdinand Meyer with double silver-pink flowers; Queen of the North with red double flowers.

ROSEHIPS GRAY.

It is found in the European part of Russia. A slender shrub up to 3 m high. The shoots are covered with a bluish-gray bloom with a red-violet tint. Thorns solitary, almost straight or slightly curved, almost absent on flower-bearing shoots. The leaflets of a compound leaf are elongated-ovate or elliptical, up to 2.5 cm long, serrated along the edge, entire in the lower part, blue-green or purple-violet in color. The flowers are small, bright pink, collected in inflorescences from 2 to 18 in each. Blooms in June-July. Fruits are small, round or broadly elliptical, light red, contain 1400 mg% of vitamin C.

This wild rose is used to create a hedge and as a rootstock for cultivated roses. An interesting hybrid of the blue-gray rosehip with rugosa Kamenetta, in which beautiful flowers, long flowering, green leaves and wonderful fruits.

ROSE HIPS FEDCHENKO.

A powerful shrub with drooping branches is found in the mountains of Central Asia. The spines are large, straight, widened towards the base. The leaflets of a compound leaf are up to 4 cm long. The flowers are white, rather large, solitary or 2-4 in an inflorescence. The fruits are oblong-ovate, up to 5 cm long, dilated at the sepals, red, covered with glandular hairs, contain 1300 mg% of vitamin C.

WEBB'S ROSE.

It is found wild in Central Asia. Shrub up to 2m high, with arcuate branches. Spines are mostly straight, scattered or in pairs, widened towards the base. Flowers 4-6 cm in diameter, white, solitary or 2-3 in inflorescence. The fruits are large, round or ovoid, red, with small glandular hairs, contain 2000 mg% of vitamin C.

APPLE ROSE.

In the wild, distributed in the European part of Russia and the Caucasus. Grows up to 3 m, erect branches with short overgrown shoots. Spines sparse, long, of medium thickness. The leaves are compound, consisting of 5-7 leaflets, silver-felt below. The flowers are dark pink, large, solitary or in inflorescences, have a pleasant apple aroma. Fruits up to 3 cm long, round or ovoid, red and dark purple when ripe, covered with glandular hairs, contain 1600 mg% of vitamin C. It is winter-hardy, it forms few offspring.

A successful combination of gray-silver leaves, large flowers and purple fruits. This species is decorative both in group and in single plantings.

rose hips

Frost-resistant rose hips are fertile material for grafting valuable varieties of roses. Moreover, you can turn rose hips into a rose in spring, summer and winter. A rootstock is grown from wild rose seeds and buds (budding) or a stalk of a noble rose are grafted onto it using the copulation method.

Grafting with a cutting is done on 1-2-year-old rootstocks in the root collar during bud break.

The best time for budding is the last decade of July - the first half of August. When budding in July, the buds quickly take root. After 2-3 weeks, the rootstocks are cut to established buds. By the end of the season, shoots grow from them that successfully winter.

In winter, you can also graft a rose from a bouquet presented to you on a wild rose. It will become a scion, and the stock should be harvested in the fall. A young rosehip bush is dug up before the soil freezes. Its roots should be well developed, and the bole should be at least 7 mm thick. The aerial part is cut off, leaving stumps 25-30 cm long. They are placed in a box or bucket and covered with peat or sand. Before vaccination, store in a room with a temperature of 0-2 degrees. Not every rose in a bouquet is suitable for a rootstock. You want one that has live buds on the stem. Winter vaccination is carried out from December to April, during which time it will not be difficult to find such a rose.

3-4 days before vaccination, the wild rose rootstock is taken out of storage, transferred to a room with a temperature of 10-15 degrees and placed in wet moss, sand or sawdust to revive the cambium.

Then the roots are washed, the frozen ones are cut off. A shield is cut from the stem of a rose - a kidney with a piece of wood and a leaf petiole. A cut of the same size by moving the knife from top to bottom is made on the root neck of the wild rose. It turns out a tongue, which is shortened to 1 cm and a rose bud is inserted under it.

The grafting site is tied with PVC tape. At the same time, the rose bud and leaf petiole are left open. During the accretion of the vaccination, the plant is kept at a temperature of 12-15 degrees, wrapping the roots with wet moss or pre-steamed sawdust. After 2 weeks, they are transferred to a room with a temperature of 3-5 degrees, or added dropwise in the garden, or stored in the refrigerator, wrapped in a damp cloth and wrapped in paper.

Planted in early spring, deepening to the place of tying with a film. After planting, the seedling is spudded and watered. The emerging growth is immediately removed. When the shoots from the accustomed bud reach a height of 10 cm, the strongest is left, and the rest are removed. After 2-2.5 months after planting, the strapping is removed at the vaccination site and waiting for lush flowering next year.

Note to the gardener:

Whether the rose bud has taken root on the wild rose can be recognized by the petiole of the leaf,
left on the shield. In the case of a successful operation, the petiole falls off freely, but if it is dry and does not separate, then the vaccination will have to be repeated.

Rosehip breeding

REPRODUCTION BY RHIZOUS SCENES.

Almost all types of wild rose annually, starting from about 2 years of age, form on different distance from the bush rhizomatous offspring. This property can be successfully used for propagating own-rooted (ungrafted) plants. Otherwise, varietal characteristics are lost.

In autumn (before frost) or spring (before the formation of a green cone on the buds), the root system is dug up and the offspring are separated. Preference is given to annuals, the thickness of which at the level of the root neck is at least 8 mm, and the length is 50 cm. It is better to do this work together: one digs out the rhizome with a shovel, the second separates and selects offspring. At the same time, the length of the remaining underground part should be 10-12 cm. The offspring, separated in the fall, are tied into bundles, a label with the name of the variety is hung, they are added dropwise for the winter and watered abundantly. Planted in early spring immediately in a permanent place. If propagated in the spring, then planted immediately after separation from the mother bush.

REPRODUCTION OF ROSE HIPS BY ROOT CUTTINGS.

This method also propagates only own-rooted plants. During leaf fall, roots are dug out and, having chosen a thickness of 5 mm or more, they are cut off. Cuttings 15 cm long are cut from them. They are tied, placed in wet sand or peat and stored in a cool place in winter until spring planting. If the autumn is warm, then the cuttings can be planted immediately after cutting.

They are planted, laying horizontally in grooves 10-12 cm deep. Then they are covered with loose soil, watered and mulched. Overgrown shoots are pruned in spring to cause their active branching. A year later, rooted cuttings are dug up and planted in a permanent place in the garden.

REPRODUCTION GREEN CUTTINGS.

High-yielding bushes no older than 7 years are selected for reproduction. Cuttings are carried out in June-July during the active growth of shoots. It is advisable to do this in the morning. For cuttings, it is necessary to take the shoots of the current year, which are formed in the lower part of 1-3-year-old branches.

The cuttings are cut 10-15 cm long so that they have 2-3 internodes. Then the bottom sheet is removed, and the remaining ones are shortened by a third or half, the cuttings are tied into bundles and placed for 18-20 hours in a 0.01% solution of heteroauxin or other growth substance, immersing the ends by 1-1.5 cm. Then rinse clean water and planted for rooting.

The cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or on a bed covered with a milky-white film. A layer of soil mixture (10-15 cm) is poured over the garden soil from peat and pure river sand taken in the ratio 1:2. Planted cuttings are sprayed 3-4 times a day with water heated to 30 degrees. Rooted plants hibernate at the planting site.

REPRODUCTION OF ROSE HIPS WITH SEEDS.

With this method, not all the beneficial properties of the mother plant are transmitted to the offspring. Such reproduction is best used for growing wild rose as a rootstock for roses.

Seeds from the bushes are collected when the fruit shell is just beginning to stain. Seeds are selected and sown immediately (August-September). Or mixed with moistened sand and sown in October, when there is enough autumn moisture in the soil. Until this time, the seed mixture is kept moist.

They are sown together with sand on beds filled with humus. After 20-30 cm, transverse furrows are made 2-3 cm deep, and seeds are placed in them after 2 cm. The furrows are covered with loose soil and mulched with peat or dry earth.

In spring, crops are weeded, and in May - early June, urea is fed at the rate of 10 g per 1 m 2. Seedlings are dug up in the fall of the 2nd year and planted in a permanent place.

Using the beneficial properties of wild rose in practice:

Rosehip paste

Fresh rose hips are cleaned of seeds and hairs and boiled in a small amount of water until softened. Then immediately wipe through a sieve or grind with a mixer. Add to taste granulated sugar and citric acid (or lemon juice, sea buckthorn). After that, the mass is heated to 85 degrees, kept for 5-10 minutes, laid out in hot sterilized jars and rolled up with well-boiled lids. Products: 1 kg of rosehip pulp, granulated sugar and citric acid to taste.

vitamin drink
In a thermos fall asleep 2 tbsp. tablespoons of dry rose hips, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, close with a cork, insist 6 hours. Off-grade rose hips are put more. When used for brewing fruits, previously ground in a coffee grinder, the drink is ready in half an hour. Filter and drink half a cup 2-3 times a day before meals.

Rosehip and rowan jam

The pulp of the wild rose, together with the mountain ash, is blanched for 2 minutes, thrown back on a sieve. After that, pour sugar syrup using blanching water for it. Cooked in three doses with settling for 6 hours.
Products: 600 g of rosehip pulp, 400 g of mountain ash, 1.3 kg of granulated sugar, 1 glass of water.

Tonic lotion

For 1 glass of rosehip petals, take 1 glass of vodka. Close the mixture with a lid, put in a dark place. After 10 days, strain and add 2 teaspoons of boiled water. The lotion refreshes and tones the skin.

Rosehip and apple paste
Fresh rose hips are cleaned of seeds and hairs, the seed chamber is removed from apples, cut into small slices. poured not large quantity water and boil until softened. When hot, rub through a sieve or grind with a mixer, add granulated sugar to taste. The resulting mass is heated to 85 degrees, kept for 5-10 minutes, laid out in hot jars and rolled up with lids. Products: 1 kg of rosehip and apple pulp, granulated sugar to taste.
Rosehip syrup
Rosehip pulp is crushed and soaked for 1-2 days in 1 liter of water. Then the infusion is filtered, granulated sugar is added and boiled for 4-5 minutes. Add citric acid and cook for a couple more minutes. Hot poured into clean and dry jars or bottles. Products: 2 kg of rosehip pulp and granulated sugar, 8 g of citric acid.

Calming tea

It is recommended for insomnia, increased nervous excitability. Pour 1 glass of water 1 tbsp. a spoonful of dry rose hips, boil for 5 minutes, add 1 teaspoon of chamomile, cover with a lid and leave for 10 minutes. Strain, add honey to taste and drink like tea.

Skin softening mask
Grind dried rosehip petals in a coffee grinder to a state of flour. Take 1 teaspoon of the resulting flower powder, add 1 dessert spoon of sour cream, 1 teaspoon of egg white. Mix everything thoroughly, let it brew for 5 minutes and apply the resulting mixture on the face and neck. Wash off after 30 minutes warm water.

Rosehip marmalade
Rosehip pulp is crushed, covered with sugar, boiled, stirring constantly, until thickened and immediately laid out in jars.
Products: 500 g of rosehip pulp, 400 g of granulated sugar.

A decoction of the roots

Promotes the dissolution of stones in urolithiasis. Rosehip roots are crushed and poured with water (4 tablespoons for 2 cups). Boil for 20 minutes and insist, wrapped, until completely cooled. Filter and drink 4 times a day for half a glass for a week.

Rosehip - a garden rarity

In Russia, rose hips were both known and valued, and all thanks to Ivan the Terrible, a lover of all sorts of fun, at whose behest he was brought to Russia and spread quickly.

The peasants were not even afraid of its thorns, which are rich in rose hips, as well as vitamin C in fruits, and the most pleasant aroma of sometimes chic flowers, an aroma that everyone loves and which for some reason does not cause allergies.

To our great regret, now, when, it would seem, it is not only possible, but simply necessary to grow crops on your site that give vitamin fruits, powerful antioxidants, rose hips have begun to be forgotten ... You can meet him in the garden plot only in the form of roses close to him, and a wild rose bush, and even grown for the sake of fruits, is almost impossible to see. And in vain, because this culture does not dry out, and does not freeze, it is pollinated in all possible ways, it blooms late, without falling under return frosts, and therefore every year with a considerable harvest.

The best varieties of wild rose

"Vitamin VNIVI"– sprawling, upright, with a small number of thorns, large fruits (about 2 g), round-oval shape and orange-red color, with a yield of about 2 kg per bush.

"Vorontsovsky 1" forms elongated fruits with the highest content of vitamin C and a yield of about 2 kg per bush.

"Russian 1"- graceful bushes with light green leaves, elongated fruits, aligned in size, and a yield of about 1.5 kg per bush.

"Spire"- resistant to diseases and pests with a yield of more than 2.5 kg per bush, fruits weighing about 2.5 g of an elongated shape, orange in color and a vitamin C content of more than 2500 mg%.

"The globe"- has a record winter hardiness, giving fruits of spherical shape with a high content of vitamin C. Productivity is more than 3 kg per bush.

"Victory"- you can say. that the variety conquered the cold, it never freezes, does not get sick, does not suffer from pests and gives interesting fruit-balls with a pleasant taste and aroma

« Titanium"- so named for good reason, it is a large plant with fruits collected in bunches of 5-6 pieces. Productivity more than 3.5 kg from a bush.

« Apple"- its fruits are similar in shape to apples, they are large, like a Chinese, - up to 8.5 g, due to which the yield from a bush is rarely less than 4 kg. Fully ripe fruits are dark red and tasty.

« Ural Champion"- as if bred specifically for the northern territories, winter-hardy, non-capricious, always with a crop of sweet and sour berries located on a long stalk.

In culture, two types of rose hips are common: the wrinkled kind and the cinnamon rose, from them and the semi-sleep are magnificent varieties with which you want to start. Over the years of cultivation, a number of, one might say, bestsellers have emerged from rosehip varieties, which can be safely recommended for planting throughout Russia.

« Anniversary Michurinsk"- appeared by chance, on the bushes of the Yubileiny variety - remontant, with red-pink fragrant flowers and massive fruits, a branch with snow-white flowers suddenly appeared. It was cut off, rooted and a new variety was bred!

« Geisha"- almost the same Anniversary, however, the difference is that the flowers are not rose red, but dark crimson, and the fruits are slightly smaller, weighing not 4-4.5, but 3 g, although there are more fruits, which is why the yield is almost 5 kg per bush.

« Shipless VNIVI"- actually not quite, there are thorns, but they are few and they are concentrated at the base of the shoots. This variety is also suitable for food, and it can decorate the site due to the fact that the fruits are tasty, although not large in size, and the flowers are large and collected in inflorescences of 4 pieces each.

« Scarlet"- a wonderful pollinator, and just a good friend who will always find something to please - either with scarlet shoots that delight in winter, or with burgundy flowers that warm the soul after hibernation, or with red fruits that will save you from any cold, because they contain vitamin C under 3000 mg%, where is the lemon with its 1 SO mg%.

Rosehip - planting a seedling

So, we have a cherished seedling, but how to properly place it on the site? It's easy - choose an open and well-lit place with fertile, loose and well-drained soil, dig a hole, plant a seedling there, after adding drainage to the bottom in the form of pebbles or expanded clay with a layer of 1.5-2 cm and nutrient soil mixed with wood ash. For 1 kg of soil - 100 g of wood ash. Here, put a seedling on this pillow, carefully straighten the roots, cover with soil, compact, water (8-9 p under a bush), mulch the soil with humus and sing I -2 cm with that. so that the moisture does not evaporate and the seedling takes root faster.

After planting, the seedling can be cut, about half, this will contribute to its tillering in the future and increase the yield. It should be cut when planting in the spring, when planting in autumn it is not worth cutting, it is better to wait for spring and do this operation then.

We follow the rules

As for the planting scheme, it all depends on the variety and on the destination. Vigorous varieties, like "Titan", need to be planted retreating from each other 2-2.5 m. Medium-sized. like "Victory", - 1.5-2 m, and undersized, like "Jubilee Michurinsk", - 1-1.5 m These distances are relevant for bushes that you plant for the sake of obtaining fruits, and if you want to form an unpretentious, impassable and flowering hedge, then halve the distance and boldly plant.

Rosehip planting care

AT young age watering is very important (5-6 liters under a bush once a week), loosening the soil and weed control. From the fifth year, it is important to carry out sanitary pruning in the spring, cutting out dry, old jubes that thicken the crown and those that do not bear fruit. Harvesting begins at the end of August and is harvested in several stages until the beginning of October. The fruits are consumed fresh, cleaning the seeds from the inside, or dried and used in winter. By the way, dried fruits are stored better in fabric bags in a dry and cool place.

The rose is the recognized queen of flowers. But care in most cases requires truly royal. For those who do not have enough time or skills for painstaking care, it is better to pay attention to the less whimsical, but often not inferior in beauty to her rosehip. You will also receive a bonus in the form of the most useful fruits.

Wild rose, or wild rose, is represented in nature by many species, of which the most decorative varieties and lines have been identified in horticulture. Among them, you can choose plants of various sizes, with a single or extended flowering period, with different shapes and colors of flowers, fruits and even leaves. What is most incredible is that there is even a wild rose with almost no thorns!

Here are just a few unpretentious, but decorative representatives of this vast family.

The wrinkled rose got its name from the slightly corrugated leaves that cover the bush so tightly that the branches are not visible. In summer, the foliage is light green, glossy, but in autumn it turns purple. The flowers are large, up to 15 cm in diameter, with a bright core and a magnificent thick aroma.

Usually their color is dark pink or crimson, but there is a form with white petals. The main wave of flowering occurs at the beginning of summer, then individual flowers continue to open until September. But the main autumn and winter decoration of bushes - large fruits bright orange. The bushes of the wrinkled rose are dense, compact, the root growth is not particularly impudent, so it can be planted in flower beds, forming a hedge.

Rosehip gray distinguished by an unusual color of foliage - bluish-lilac with purple veins. The flowers are medium-sized, pale pink with a light spot in the middle. The branches are long, curved-drooping, with sparsely located thorns.

Rosehip prickly many consider a type of park roses. It forms a tall, bouquet-like shrub with small, dark green foliage. In early summer, the branches are completely covered with very beautiful yellowish-white flowers, simple or varying degrees of doubleness. It has only one flowering wave, then small black fruits remain on the branches.

NOT ONLY BEAUTY

Rosehip is valued not only for beauty, but also for vitamin fruits (it is more correct to call them polynuts, cinnadia). Not everyone knows that there are several dozen cultivars that are distinguished by abundant fruiting and large fruit sizes. If the fruits of wild rose hips rarely exceed 1.5 cm in diameter, then in varietal they are larger than cherry plum! Basically, the All-Russian Research Vitamin Institute (VNIVI) was engaged in the selection of wild rose, so his name appears in some names.

vitamin VNIVI - early variety, the crop ripens at the end of August. Medium-sized pink flowers are collected in inflorescences of 10-15 pcs. at the ends of branches; clusters of fruits formed in their place are convenient to collect. In addition, the ends of the branches are almost devoid of thorns. Compared to wild forms, the fruits have a high content of carotenoids and vitamin P. Disadvantage: this is not a self-fertile hybrid, so you need to plant a bush of a different variety nearby.

Oval- very decorative white variety wrinkled roses. The bushes are medium-sized, lush, dense, easy to shape, the flowers are bright white with a yellow core. The fruits are very fleshy, so they are more suitable for jam than for drying.

the globe– winter-hardy high yielding variety. Large spherical fruits are collected in heavy brushes, under the weight of which the branches bend in autumn.

Titanium- tall variety with harsh, well-suited for drying fruits. It has large flowers of unusual color: pale pink with yellow spot in the middle.

PRODUCING ROSE HIPS IS SIMPLE!

Rose hips are most often propagated by root shoots, young plants tolerate transplantation well in spring and autumn. Since all wild roses are own-rooted plants, the shoots completely retain the varietal properties of the mother bush. You can root cuttings in the summer using the same technology as varietal roses.

Rosehip is not picky about the soil, although it will develop faster on fertile soil and grow taller. He does not like only waterlogging, and also weakly blooms in the shade. Bushes need to be thinned out periodically, removing branches older than 5 years and excess root shoots.

Galina VASILIEVA, Moscow

WE PRODUCE THE ROSE HIPS "IN NEIGHBORHOOD"

My neighbor grows good grade wild rose. How to propagate it?

Valentina Stanislavovna GURINOVICH

This process is not that difficult. But first you need to decide on a place for growing rose hips. He needs a flat (slope up to 10 degrees), well-lit area, protected from the prevailing winds. The level of standing groundwater should not exceed 1.5 m. Rosehip is unpretentious to the soil, but the best berry at the lowest cost can be obtained on loamy and sandy loamy highly cultivated soils with a high content of organic matter and clean from perennial weeds. The most favorable soil reaction is slightly acidic (pH = 6-6.5).

There are four ways of propagating rose hips: green cuttings, dividing the bush, root offspring, seeds.

Green cuttings

At the end of June, from a strong, healthy 5-6-year-old bush, necessarily well fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (which significantly increases the survival rate), young shoots that have appeared this year are cut off.

Harvested stalk should be 15-20 cm and have 3 internodes. It is necessary to cut off on an oblique, immediately remove the bottom sheet, and shorten the large ones.

After that, stand in a growth regulator and plant in a pot - this will avoid injury to the root system when moving to open ground. Then we put it in a “school” - under a film or plastic bottles, in a corner of the greenhouse. It is important to ensure that the soil around is optimal moisture. In autumn or spring, cuttings can be planted in a permanent place.

By dividing the bush

For this method, an overgrown 4-5-year-old wild rose is used, which is dug up, and its rhizome is divided into 3-4 parts so that each has at least 2 shoots. Planting should be done immediately, after which it is necessary to carefully water the plant.

Root offspring

With this method, all varietal characteristics of the mother plant are preserved. The most fruitful, healthy bush is chosen, the offspring 25-35 cm high are separated and immediately planted.

You can dig the stem into the prepared furrow, water it all summer and pile up this place. And in the fall, separate the young plant from the mother bush and cut off the aerial part at a height of 15 cm. In the spring, such a wild rose is transplanted to a permanent place.

seeds

Growing from seeds is easy, but the wait is longer. At the end of August, browned unripe fruits are removed from the bush. After cutting them, the seeds are removed and, rubbing through a sieve, washed with water. Sow in a bed to a depth of 2-3 cm, every 1-2 cm with a row spacing that allows you to freely care for seedlings. Mulch with sawdust, humus, fallen leaves or other organic materials. Water regularly, preventing the soil from drying out.

In the spring they cover with a film installed on the frame - this allows you to quickly get shoots due to the heating of the soil. As soon as 2-3 leaves are formed in the seedlings, they dive, and if there is an excess, the weaker ones are simply removed.

Further care consists in weed control, row spacing loosening, fertilizing and watering. Transplantation should be carried out in the spring of next year.

If you decide to sow rose hips not in the fall, but in the spring, it is necessary to subject the seeds to artificial stratification: mix with coarse sand in a ratio of 1: 1 and place in the refrigerator, leaving it there until the start of sowing.

Rosehip is a wild rose bush growing to a height of 2 m with drooping and straight branches. The shape of the bush is high triangular, and some species resemble the shape of a pillow. But they are all very decorative during the flowering period. Let's take a closer look at the biological description and varieties of Rosehip and figure out what it is - a tree or a shrub.

tree or shrub

Wikipedia says that Rosehip is a deciduous shrub with straight or creeping branches. Depending on natural conditions or bush care, he grows up to different height, but not more than 3 m.

Other sources also say that it is a shrub of various heights, and it does not have a central trunk, so that it can be classified as a tree.

Useful Features

Rose hips contain many vitamins and other beneficial substances. And therefore the plant has many features:

1. Prepared from fruits- teas, pasta, jam, compotes, sweets and much more.
2. From- make jam.
3. Fruit in Slovenia added to wine and give them a special taste.
4. Young shoots in the Caucasus were eaten, and young sheet plates brewed into tea.
5. Pharmacological plants make various vitamins, syrups, extracts.

Popular varieties

Rosehip has many species and varieties that are used in gardening, planted with bushes or used for rootstock, growing decorative varietal roses. Some of the varieties below are especially sought after by flower lovers..

Dahurian

In the wild, it can be found in the Far East. Possesses upright branches 1.5 m high. Flowers are dark pink up to 4 cm in diameter.

This variety gives a lot of basal cuttings for reproduction.

spiky

This type of Rosehip withstands frosts up to -40 degrees. The height of the shrub is 1-3 m, the berries are average 1.5 cm long.

Berries of this type contain more vitamin C than other types.

prickly

The main difference from other species is the white flowers that bloom in spring. Wherein fruits, ripening, acquire a dark blue, almost black color. Flowering occurs at the end of May.

May (cinnamon)

This type of Rosehip grows in central Russia. The favorite habitat of shrubs is floodplains, where they can form impenetrable thickets. Flowering begins in May and lasts 15 days, the flowers are simple, pink. At the end of summer, bright red fruits grow in their place, and the bush looks very beautiful. The height of the bush varies depending on its habitat. In partial shade, it can reach a height of 2 m, and in sunny arid areas, 120 cm is the limit of its growth.

The main difference from other varieties is the small thorns at the base of the branches.

Wrinkly

In the wild, it grows in Russia in the Far East. The shape of the shrub can be varied, but most often there is a form that spreads along the ground. Flowers appear on the bush throughout the summer and they are quite large, bright pink..

In autumn, this variety is covered not only orange berries but also beautiful orange foliage.

bluish

Grows in the European part of Russia. The height of the bush is 3 m and the shoots have a bluish color.. The flowers are small, pink and collected in inflorescences from 3 to 15 pcs.

The variety is suitable for creating hedges.

Canine

It grows in the black earth regions of Europe and Russia. This type of Rosehip is often used as a rootstock for growing cultivated roses.. Absolutely unpretentious and frost-resistant, withstands almost any frost. Under natural conditions, this is a powerful shrub with thorns on stems that are not often located. It blooms for a short time, with pale pink flowers; in August, elongated red fruits appear in place of the flowers.

Apple

This type of Rosehip got its name for its fruits that ripen in August. They are large and resemble small wild apples.. At the same time, their colors are first yellow, and then they begin to blush from one side and miniature apples are obtained.

It is distributed only in the south of Russia, and even there, in winters with little snow, it manages to freeze slightly.

Planting and caring for Rosehip

We plant in a summer cottage

Rose hips can be planted in the spring before the dissolution of leaf buds or in the fall when the hot season subsides. A place should be chosen with a lot of sunlight.

Soil preparation and planting

The soil must be sufficiently fertile. Ideally, if it is loamy or slightly acidic. If the groundwater on the site is very close to the surface of the earth, then when planting a seedling, a drainage cushion is made of crushed stone.

The thickness of the pillow should be 20 cm.

Before digging a 60x60 cm planting hole, the soil must be cleared of different sort weeds. After that, the soil is dug up on a shovel bayonet and pits are prepared.

Features of the correct fit

In order for the bush to take root, it is necessary to follow some recommendations for planting Rosehip seedlings:

1. At the bottom of the pit do small hill from nutrient soil.
2. Good spill water.
3. A seedling is placed on it and straighten the root system in different directions.
4. The soil dug out of the pit is mixed with humus, and the root system is sprinkled, at the same time squeezing the soil with your hands to get rid of the void in the earth.
5. The distance between planted seedlings should be not less than 130 cm.

In order for the Rosehip bush to take root well, the root system is shortened by one third of the length.

Proper aftercare

In order to get a large harvest of Rosehip, it is necessary to carry out certain measures to care for it.

Watering is done regularly. Stopping it only during the rains. In their absence, watered once every two weeks, 30 liters of water under the bush. If the bush is in the fruiting stage, then it is necessary to pour 50 liters of water under the bush.

Loosening the soil around the planted Rosehip bush, produced after each watering or past rain, so that the root system has access to air. Simultaneously with loosening, the removal of germinated weeds is also carried out.

pruning

This is an important event in the cultivation of this crop. The first pruning should be done after the seedling is planted in the ground.. All branches are cut off, only the three strongest remain, and they are shortened by one third.

Any pruning should be carried out with a garden pruner in order to less injure the branches of the bush.

The second pruning is carried out in the spring, two years later.. At this time, all broken or frozen branches in winter are removed under the root. The rest of the branches are cut at a height of 25 cm.

About after five years, the bush must be thinned out annually, cutting several branches under the root. Because Rosehip branches well and the bush will be very thickened. This will prevent the formation of flower buds, and, consequently, the number of ripening fruits will decrease.

How to prepare for winter

Since this plant has great winter hardiness, most varieties do not need shelter for the winter. But there are such regions in Russia that have long winter cold snaps, then you can resort to such a method as:

• prune the bush to a height of 30 cm;
• Throw leaves on it and put spruce branches;
• Cover from above lutrasilom.

All this to do when the weather is really cold.

reproduction

Rosehip can be propagated different ways, only seed is not in great demand, as it will take a long time to wait for fruiting.

Seeds are harvested in August and extracted from the fruit. After washing with warm water, they are dried and planted in September on a prepared garden bed. Close them up to a depth of 2 cm.

In the spring, when the snow melts, young Rosehip seedlings will appear from under the ground.

Green cuttings are done in this way:

1. Cuttings are cut with secateurs making an oblique cut.
2. Envelop any growth stimulant roots.
3. Planted in containers and water when dry.
4. A month and a half later seedlings are ready for planting at the main place of residence.

Propagated by layering in spring, bending the flexible young shoot to the ground, and pinning it for good fixation. A month later, with good soil moisture, its own root system appears on the shoot.

Keep an eye on watering at this time so that the earth does not dry out.

Diseases and pests

Rosehip is sometimes affected by aphids or scale insects. Since the bush has a large vegetative mass, it is cut off at the root, and the hemp is treated with Aktellik's solution, diluted according to the instructions.

If there is a long rainy season in the region and any fungal diseases are found on the Rosehip bush, then it is also cut off, leaving 30 cm above the soil surface and treated with any fungicides.

At the same time, cut branches should be burned outside the site.

You can talk about Rosehip for a long time, although sometimes some gardeners treat him with noticeable disdain. Although it serves as an excellent medicinal source, works as a good rootstock for garden roses.

Rosehip has many species and is distributed everywhere in Russia: in forests, ravines, it also likes to settle in floodplains, where it forms shrubs. Valued for the high content of vitamin C in fruits, due to this it is widely used in medicine. In gardens, this culture is still infrequently found, but has recently been gaining popularity. Many varieties of this useful and beautiful plant have been bred.

Rosehip cultivation

Rosehip is universal: it is decorative, good for hedges and landscaping, the fruits can be eaten. There are no particular problems with growing this shrub, as it is unpretentious and frost-resistant.

Rosehip is decorative during flowering, can be used for landscaping the site

Selection and preparation of a place in the garden

When planting wild rose, keep in mind that in one place it will grow for 20-25 years. Choose an unshaded area, without excess moisture, but not too dry. The roots of the wild rose go to a depth of 5 m, therefore, in an area with a high occurrence of groundwater, there is a high probability of their decay.

Well, if the place chosen for planting used to grow perennial herbs or vegetables for which it was applied a large number of organics. Ideally, after previous crops, the site was fallow and cleared of weeds.

Rose hips can be planted both in autumn and in spring. For this:

1. The site must be dug to a depth of 25–50 cm.
2. Weeds and roots of perennial grasses must be removed.
3. Lime should be applied to acidic soils in autumn (300–400 g per 1 sq. meter).

Landing and transplant

One- or two-year-old seedlings are well suited for planting. The sequence of actions is as follows:

Bunch ring mulching retains moisture and protects the rosehip from weeds

shrub care

During the growing season, you need to carefully clean the bed from weeds. Digging up the earth under the bushes in autumn and early spring to a depth of 10-15 cm will help in this, loosening in the rest of the period.

This shrub does not need frequent moistening, only in dry summers it is possible to water 2-3 times during the season at the rate of two or three buckets per plant.

Rosehip responds well to top dressing, we bring them in three times per season:

• in early spring - 2–3 kg of manure or compost for digging per 1 m 2 or 20–30 g of ammonium nitrate or urea per 1 m 2;
• in June - July - top dressing with mullein infusion (1:10) or bird droppings (1:10);
• in autumn - 30–40 g of superphosphate and 15–20 g of potassium salt per 1 m 2.

The indicated dosage is suitable for fruit-bearing plants, for young ones we reduce it by half.

Pruning and shaping the bush, including in spring

The main skeleton of the shrub is formed in the first year, cutting the branches into 4–6 buds. In the future, in early spring or autumn, all broken, dried and diseased branches are removed. Young basal shoots are shortened to 60-70 cm, and 6-7-year-olds are pruned. The formed rosehip bush should consist of 10–15 branches of different ages.

As a result of pruning, 10–15 branches of different ages should remain on the rosehip bush

If the bush has been thickened for a long time, you can carry out rejuvenating pruning, shorten all branches to 15–20 cm.

Rosehip breeding

There are several ways to get new bushes: seeds, green cuttings, division. Propagation by grafting and budding is also used.

seed propagation

Seeds must be collected from unripe fruits, washed and dried. It is better to sow in late August - early September, so the seeds will undergo natural stratification. It should be sown to a depth of 2–3 cm. In spring, seedlings are thinned out and split into ridges. Two-year-old seedlings 30 cm high will be ready for transplanting to a permanent place..

Rosehip seeds for planting are harvested from unripe fruits

Propagation by green cuttings

For the preparation of green cuttings are used annual shoots. Work order:

Heat and humidity are required for successful rooting.. Such conditions are provided by small greenhouses, which are easy to equip with your own hands.

The hothouse for rosehip cuttings consists of soil (1) - a mixture of peat and sand; frame (2) covered with polyethylene; shading fabric (3)

In September, rooted cuttings with a clod of earth are transferred to growing in a nursery and covered for the winter. The seedlings will be ready for transplanting at the age of two.

In winter, the grown-up cuttings of wild rose are grown in the nursery: 1 - shoots that have grown over the summer; 2 - support; 3 - slats; 4 - lutrasil

The division of the bush

The most common way to propagate wild rose is by dividing the bush; it is best to use a 5-6-year-old plant. The procedure is carried out in the fall, no later than 2-3 weeks before the onset of frost, so that the wild rose has time to take root. You can use two methods:

Reproduction by grafting and budding

This method is available experienced gardeners. It should be used if you want to graft a cultivar on wild rosehip, possibly several varieties at the same time on different shoots of the bush.

The plant to be propagated (graft) is grafted onto the root system of another plant (rootstock). In this case, all the properties of the grafted plant are preserved. One of the easiest ways is copulation. It is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow, thus:

1. Perform a cut with a clean knife at an angle of 20–25 °.
2. The branches are pressed tightly against each other at the cut point and wrapped with a strip of plastic wrap.

If after 2-3 weeks the kidneys begin to grow, then the vaccination has been successfully carried out.

Copulation is one of the easiest ways to graft

Budding is also reproduction by grafting, only one bud is used as a scion. Most often, roses are grafted onto the root system of the wild rose by budding.

Budding helps to plant a rose on a wild rose bush

Video: grafting a rose on a wild rose

Protection against diseases and pests

Trouble planting wild rose bring such pests:

• strawberry-raspberry weevil - affects plant buds;
• bronzes, glitters, caterpillars of leafworms, ringed and gypsy moths - spoil the buds and leaves;
• larvae of May beetles, nutcrackers, gray root scoops - eat up the roots;
• rose fly - causes damage to fruits, and 8-10-year-old bushes suffer more.

Photo gallery: some rosehip pests

Strawberry-raspberry weevil eats rosehip buds. Bronzovka infects the buds and leaves of wild rose.

The shrub can be affected by the following diseases:

You can protect the plant with the help of the following measures:

1. In early spring, we spray with a 5% solution of ferrous sulfate (1 time in 3-4 years) to destroy harmful insects and prevent fungal diseases.
2. In April, we cut and burn dry and diseased branches, dig up the ground under the bushes to a depth of no more than 10–15 cm. We do this annually, starting from the second year of planting.
3. In early - mid-May, we spray with a 0.2% solution of Karbofos to fight insects, their larvae and caterpillars.
4. At the end of May, we treat with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
5. In mid-June (the beginning of flowering) and again at the end of the month, we spray the rosehip bushes against the rose fly with a 0.2% solution of Chlorophos.

The unpretentiousness of the plant will ensure the success of even inexperienced gardeners, subject to the basic rules of agricultural technology of this plant. Of the features, it can be noted that the roots of the wild rose spread in breadth, therefore, if you cannot give it a lot of space, dig in a slate or border tape 30–40 cm high along the planting border.

Video: growing rose hips, useful properties, collection

Features of growing wild rose in closed containers on the street and at home

As mentioned above, the wild rose has a taproot, which grows strongly both in breadth and depth. In a closed container, including a container, it will be crowded. If you still dream of growing this plant indoors, choose a tall and wide container.

It is also impossible to create the required conditions for this shrub at home, it is not houseplant. You can experiment with growing rose hips from seeds. It will be appropriate to keep it at home in a large pot up to a one-two-year-old seedling, and then it is more reasonable to transplant it into open ground.

Of course, it is possible to grow a small bush in a pot, but such flowering as in the garden cannot be achieved.

Rooted rosehip stalk at home went to growth

Types and varieties of wild rose and features of their cultivation

There are many cultivars and types of wild rose. They differ both in the color of the buds and in the shape, color and size of the fruit. Rose hips are found with orange, red and even black fruits.

Photo gallery: a variety of rose hips

Wrinkled rose hips are round, red in color. California rose hips are orange, pear-shaped. Red-brown rose hips are oval.

Types of wild rose

Species decorative wild rose many, consider the most famous of them.

May rosehip

This is the most common type of plant. The fruits are rich in vitamin C, are used in food, as well as medicine. Due to unpretentiousness and winter hardiness, it is used in landscaping cities. Blossoms from May to July, fruits ripen in August - September.

Photo gallery: view of wild rose in May

Rose hip flowers are large, with five sepals Rose hips are suitable for use as hedges Rose hips contain 10 times more vitamin C than lemons Thorns are located on the lower part of the branches of rose hips

Rosehip prickly

In its natural form, it is distributed in Siberia and Central Europe, it is interesting for the blackish color of the fruit. In the middle lane, its garden form is grown with double flowers that have a strong aroma.

Photo gallery: prickly rosehip

The petals of the wild rose are white or yellow-white In the mature state, the fruits of the wild rose are blackish The thorns of the wild rose are longer than the leaves themselves The fruits of the wild rose are black in color

Rosehip wrinkled

This is a shrub up to one and a half meters high. In Russia, it grows in the Far East. It can be cultivated as an ornamental plant, as a source of berries and as a hedge. Blossoms in June - July, may bloom again in September - October. The leaves are covered with veins resembling wrinkles, hence the name of this species.

Photo gallery: wrinkled view of wild rose

Fruits of wild rose wrinkled, flattened, bright red color Rose hip wrinkled blooms with large flowers different shades Rosehip wrinkled grows up to 1.5 m in height

Rosehip varieties

Many varieties of this representative of the Rose family have been bred.

vitamin

One of the most popular cultivars is Vitamin rosehip. Bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The berries are large, contain a large amount of vitamin C. Up to two and a half kilograms of berries can be harvested from one bush, and there are no thorns at the location of the fruit, which simplifies harvesting.

Rosehip berries of the Vitaminny variety are large, weighing up to 4 g, grow in tassels

Yellow variety Xanthine

This is one of the most decorative varieties of wild rose with unusual colors. The height of the bush reaches two and a half meters. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter, semi-double. Blossoms in May - June, fruits of scarlet color ripen in September.

Rosehip yellow Xanthine is decorative and excellent fruiting

In memory of Hasanov

This is an ornamental variety of wild rose with large white flowers connected in inflorescences of 6-9 flowers. The bush is medium tall (height 1.5–2.0 m), 1.5 m in diameter, slightly sprawling. It is recommended for landscaping in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Rostov Region, and is also suitable for industrial processing.

Rosehip in Memory of Gasanov grows well in the southern regions of Russia

thornless varieties

Breeders have developed thornless rosehip varieties that are convenient for caring for and harvesting fruits. They are not completely devoid of thorns, but have very few of them. These are the varieties:

Features of growing wild rose by region

Rosehip in Russia is ubiquitous. Such a property as frost resistance makes it possible to grow this plant in Siberia and the Urals, where cold winters are frequent. Drought resistance makes it possible to plant wild rose in the southern regions with hot summers, including in the Crimea. In the European part of Russia, it withstands recurrent winter frosts, but does not like rain, which is not uncommon in summer in this region of our country. In rainy summers, this crop is not watered.

Plant a wild rose in your area. You can transfer the plant you like to the garden from the wild or purchase a zoned one in the nursery. The bush is beautiful at the time of flowering and fruiting, and in terms of vitamin C content it has no equal.

Rosehip belongs to the same genus as roses, in fact, it is a rose, only wild. Such wild roses there are about 400 species. how wild plant wild roses are unusually widespread: from the North to the tropics. In culture, the most common wild rose (canina rose), cinnamon rose hip and rugosa rose (wrinkled rose).

Description

Rosehip is not so much a fruit plant as a healing plant (in Ancient Russia it was called the “doctor of forty diseases”) and decorative, but in the 20th century, fruit growers also paid attention to its beneficial properties. As a result, not only beautifully flowering garden forms of wild rose began to appear, but also fruit varieties.

Biological features

All wild roses are thorny shrubs up to 2 m tall, differing (especially in comparison with decorative species roses) relative unpretentiousness and winter hardiness. Rosehip flowers are simple, pink or white. From a botanical point of view, the fruit of the rose hips are achenes, but in everyday life they are considered hypanthia - strongly overgrown fleshy receptacles. In shape, they can be spherical, flattened or elongated, in color - from orange to red. These false fruits ripen in August-September. Their flesh usually contains bristly hairs.

Beneficial features

Rose hips (hypanthia) are valued primarily as a source of vitamins, with it, as well as with currants, all other fruits are compared, and not only in vitamin C content (1179 mg / 100 g, or up to 20% of the total mass - 10 times more than in blackcurrant; to ensure daily requirement 3-4 fruits are enough for an adult), but also P (830 mg / 100 g), as well as carotene (12-18 mg / 100 g). In addition, they contain other vitamins (B2, K, E), pectin, sugars, organic acids (citric and malic), essential oil, flavone glycosides, kaempferol, quercetin, tannins and trace elements.

At home, rose hips are used mainly for the preparation of drinks, in industrial - food syrups and concentrates, as well as various fortified supplements, powders, tablets and extracts. Rose hips and their preparations are recommended for hypo- and beriberi, low acidity of gastric juice, for cholecystitis (as a choleretic), atherosclerosis, anemia, for various diseases associated with impaired capillary circulation (from hemophilia to nosebleeds), and even to increase body resistance to various infectious diseases and intoxications