Soil disinfection methods. The best methods for disinfecting soil in a greenhouse and the rules for restoring beneficial flora How to disinfect soil in a garden

How to treat the soil, the earth? Diseases, diseases, soil treatment. Fertility restoration. Reasons for fertility decline

Tips for preparing the soil, restoring its nutritional properties. How to restore decreased fertility? What to do if the earth is sick, the plants wither? Practical experience. (10+)

How to cure the soil? Soil diseases. Fertility restoration

The material is an explanation and addition to the article:
Do-it-yourself fertile agro soil.
Need plant soil? Do it yourself. Practical experience of cultivating and cultivating agro-soil plot for garden beds, household farming, growing plants.

It is not uncommon for crop yields to drop sharply on a piece of land. In this case, it is customary to say that the earth is sick. Let's try to figure out what lies under this concept, and what can be done with it.

Soil diseases

Infection with bacteria and fungi. As plants grow, they can get sick. After harvesting, bacteria and fungi remain in the soil. Some of them die in the cold, but some can remain in the soil for many years and infect new plantings. A sign is the appearance in young plants of diseases that were in plants of the previous year (spots on the leaves, decay, etc.)

exhaustion. As the selection of nutrients by plants, the land is depleted, loses fertility. This disease is characterized by a general stunted seedlings for no apparent reason (there are no pests, diseases, and the plant is still weak and stunted)

Structure breaking. The earth can become hard, heavy, form layers, crack, erode. This defect is very easy to diagnose. The soil looks rough, cracked, crusted and cracked, and hard lumps to the touch. Such soil is difficult to dig. It does not retain moisture after watering, it dries quickly.

weeds. Weeds can take root in the garden. A small number of weeds are always present, but sometimes there are a lot of weeds, they clog all the crops. Then we say that the earth is overgrown.

Soil fertility restoration

Eco-friendly slow way

The resulting mixture rots. At the same time, such aggressive waste products of decay bacteria are released, then other bacteria, fungi, small pests and weed seeds do not have a chance. People say they burn. Additionally, the earth is enriched with nutrients.

The described method has only one drawback. It is possible to plant cultivated plants only after complete decay (burnout) of the mixture. And the mixture very often does not have time to burn out in one winter. Nothing can be planted in under-rotted soil, everything will die. There is no reliable way to determine that a reaction is complete. Soil temperature can be measured as a feature. For measurement, we will select a control plot of soil meter by meter, for the winter we will cover it in the same way as the cultivated soil. In the spring, we measure the soil temperature with a thermometer in the center of our square and in the cultivated area. Compare. If the temperature in the center of the control square differs from the temperature of our mixture by less than a degree, then most likely the reaction is over. But there are no guarantees. The reaction may simply not have started to the right extent yet. Success can only be guaranteed if you miss the season. That is, leave the soil under a layer of insulation to rest for one summer, and plant it the next spring.

Eco-friendly fast way

There is a much faster way to treat the soil from harmful microflora (bacteria, fungi). However, it requires the use of toxic chemicals. Its essence is that the soil is treated with a chemical fungicide, for example, foundationol. Processing is carried out twice with an interval of 7 - 8 days. After the second treatment, you should wait 2.5 weeks for the foundation to decompose. Next, a biological fungicide is introduced (beneficial microorganisms that will live on our site). I bring Fitosporin. This method can be applied even if the site is occupied, if trees, bushes and other perennials already grow on it. The described method will not harm the plants. .

Other diseases

Violation of the soil structure is treated by applying compost, digging and growing special plants. I grow ground pear. It grows on any soil. In autumn, a bed with an earthen pear must be dug up along with the roots of this plant. They will be good fertilizer.

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A good way to radically control weeds is to treat the beds with boiling water before planting cultivated plants. Just keep in mind that this can only be done with small plots of land. This way you will boil the worms. If this happens in a small area, then there is nothing to worry about. Boiled meat will become fertilizer, and new worms will come from the neighboring land. But if a significant area is treated in this way, then the ecological balance can be greatly disturbed. In any case, this method is much safer than herbicides. By the way, herbicides also kill worms.

Boiling water is a great way to prepare soil for seedlings and houseplants. If you take land from your garden for these purposes, and do not buy it, then hot water will get rid of weeds, pests and harmful bacteria.

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Farmers and people involved in the cultivation of agricultural products know that before planting, the land is treated for pests with chemicals and folk remedies.

Farmer on the field

If this is not done, then the chances that healthy seedlings will grow on the land are greatly reduced.

Experts in the field of agronomy note that the soil needs to be replaced every year. This is necessary for the nutrition of planted plants.

But, unfortunately, not everyone has the opportunity to change the soil every year, and in some cases this procedure is simply impossible due to the large size of the land. Therefore, the only option for growing strong and healthy plants is to decontaminate the land.

Processing is an important component of the preparatory stage of the soil for planting. You can't do without it.

After each harvest, a large number of pathogenic microorganisms accumulate in the ground, negatively affecting the amount of agricultural products grown in the future.

An example of dried leaves on cucumbers

Organic residues stop the growth of seeds and seedlings. Pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes, rot, mycelium and mold negatively affect the ability of cations to penetrate into plant fibers, saturate them with moisture, nutrients and elements necessary for growth.

Many bacterial and fungal infections settle in the soil after a previous harvest. If plants are planted in such soil, then pathogenic microorganisms will begin to destroy it.

The most obvious signs of soil infection are the appearance of spots on the leaves of previously planted crops and the drying of the foliage.

Tillage is also necessary to eliminate pests.

Most often in garden plots and fields there are such insects:

1. Melon aphid (sucks juice from leaves and weak shoots).
2. (gnawing holes in heads of cabbage).
3. Whitefly (sucks the juice from the leaves, depriving them of moisture).
4. (eats leaves of plants).
5. Exclamatory scoop (eats root crops).
6. (damages the root system of the plant).
7. Leaf beetle (eat the leaves of crops).
8. Meadow moth (damages the ovary and fruits).
9. (spoils fruits and stems of seedlings).

Preliminary preparation for processing

Soil preparation is carried out in the fall. Initially, garden debris, leaves are collected from the land and everything is burned. The ash will serve as an excellent fertilizer for mail.

The process of cultivating the field with a tractor

Then the earth is dug up to saturate with oxygen. Loose soil is more saturated with moisture from autumn and winter precipitation, so it is better to start preparation in the fall.

But if this is not possible, then this can be done in the spring. During the spring months, processing is carried out when the soil is still wet.

Preparations continue in the spring. It is necessary to make a shallow loosening to destroy the formed crust on the soil.

Pest control methods

In the spring, you can cultivate the land from pests with folk remedies and chemicals.

The latter are more effective, but can cause an allergic reaction and even intoxication of the human body if used incorrectly. Folk methods do not always help, but are harmless to humans and the soil.

Folk methods

Soil treatment for seedlings

You can disinfect the soil for planting with potassium permanganate.

Soil treatment for planting with potassium permanganate

Method of preparation: 3 g of potassium permanganate is dissolved in 10 liters of water. Then the earth is treated with liquid by spraying or flooding.

Other methods:

• Boiling water spill.
• Steaming.
• Watering with a solution "".
• Addition of the drug "Fitosporin".
• Irrigation with fungicide.

Freezing is used only in cases where the amount of soil is not very large. This method is effective, but does not protect against late blight.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Backfilling the soil in winter in bags.
2. Taking them outside.
3. Bringing bags for a week in a warm room.
4. Take outside at low temperatures.
5. Entry into a warm room.

Land processing

You can cultivate the land with manure. It is applied to the soil in autumn. You can't bring it in in the spring.

Trailer for application of solid organic fertilizers on the field

There are weeds in the manure, which will sprout before the main planting during the winter period, so they can be easily removed during loosening.

Another method of fertilizing the soil is the introduction of peat.

Peat as a fertilizer for the soil

Ash is the most popular folk remedy.

Spraying ash on the field

It is recommended to apply only in heavy clay soil. If the ash is used to destroy (prevent the appearance of) melon aphids, then the solution is prepared as follows: 300 g of ash is poured into 1 liter of boiling water, then boiled, cooled and mixed with 10 liters of water, poured into the soil.

A well-known method of soil disinfection is the introduction of urea with phosphorus. Method of preparation: mix 100 g of chalk with 1 kg of superphosphate.

To one part of this mixture is added 3 equal parts of urea. Fertilizer is applied to the land plot at the rate of 150 g per 1 sq. m.

Chemicals

Initially, before planting, you need to saturate the soil. This is done with the help of such means as: "Trichodermin", "Fitosporin", "Baikal EM-1" or "Alirin B".

These are biological fungicides that improve the condition of the soil and eliminate its depletion. After the use of these preparations, plants better absorb the compounds of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Table: instructions for the use of biological fungicides

Chemicals are used when biological fungicides are ineffective. It is better to give preference to drugs of 3-4 hazard classes.

Table: effective chemical disinfectants

It is necessary to cultivate the land in a greenhouse from pests after harvesting the last crop. It is better to carry out disinfection with a solution of copper sulfate.

Preparation of copper sulphate solution

It helps to get rid of spotting and late blight. But remember that exceeding the dose will negatively affect the development of the plant in the future.

It is also possible to cultivate the land in the greenhouse from pests with the Baikam EM-1 or Alirin B preparations. Alternatively, dust can be used. It is applied to the ground before planting.

Conclusion

It is necessary to cultivate the land from pests before planting seedlings or seeds.

Disinfection helps:

1. Better absorption of nutrients from the soil.
2. Improve plant protection against infections and pests.
3. Reduce the need for additional processing.

Experts note that chemical disinfectants are the most effective.

But they should be used according to the instructions, so as not to harm your health.

Video: Soil preparation in a greenhouse. How to use Fitosporin.

If mistakes were made when growing garden crops or adverse weather conditions developed, then pathogenic microorganisms could accumulate in the soil. And they are localized, as a rule, in the region of plant roots. Gardeners, for obvious reasons, are beginning to fear the emergence of diseases in their crops. How to disinfect the soil on the site and reduce the risk of plant disease will be discussed in this article. Soil disinfection will allow, if not completely destroy, then significantly reduce the number of soil pathogens.

Causative agents of fungal infections and viral diseases accumulate in the soil in the garden. Most often pathogens of dangerous fungal diseases are settled on the site:

• Late blight is a disease caused by mycelial lower fungi, oomycetes. It affects potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries, peppers. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, it can completely deprive the crop in a short time.
• Dry rot (furadiosis) is a dangerous, rapidly spreading potato disease. If a seemingly healthy-looking, but fungus-infected potato is placed in storage, then by the middle of winter the disease can destroy the lion's share of the tubers.
• Rhizoctonia, or black scab of potatoes, pathogens are actinomycete fungi. The disease affects all parts of the plant and tubers, disfiguring them with black ulcers, worsening the taste.
• Alternariosis - affects potatoes and nightshade crops. Pathogens are imperfect fungi that usually affect stems and leaves, causing growth retardation and a significant decrease in yield.
• Common scab is one of the most common potato diseases. It is more common in humus-rich calcareous soils. Attacks tubers. Due to the disease, the marketable appearance and taste of tubers deteriorate, as a rule, starch losses can reach 30%.

Soil disinfection methods

As you know, any disease is easier to prevent than to cure. Therefore, the issue of timely disinfection of the soil is acute. As already mentioned, disinfection of open ground soil does not guarantee 100% extermination of pathogens. But it will significantly reduce their concentration and, by weakening the rest, reduce their virulence.

According to the means and methods used, disinfection is divided into several types.

Chemical methods of soil disinfection

Preparations containing sulfur and copper do a good job with pathogenic fungi. But it should be remembered that copper accumulates in the soil.

Autumn soil disinfection

If soil disinfection is carried out in the fall, after the beds are liberated, then sulfuric acid salts are used. This is copper and iron sulphate or Bordeaux liquid.

After removing plant residues, the beds are treated with a 3% solution of copper or iron sulfate or Bordeaux mixture. Processing is carried out with a sprayer. The flow rate of the working fluid is 10 liters per 100 sq.m. After making the soil, it is good to loosen the soil with a rake, mixing the top layer.

Soil disinfection in spring

If in the fall, for some reason, soil disinfection was not carried out, then in the spring copper preparations are used. To do this, prepare a two percent solution of oxychoma or a 4 percent solution of copper oxychloride (HOM). Dry soil is treated with a sprayer, then the top layer is mixed with a rake. The consumption rate is 15 liters of working solution per hundred square meters.

In the future, preventive treatment of plants with HOM is carried out. Its advantages are low toxicity, easy to use: just dilute with water according to the instructions. Effective in the fight against many fungi that affect both vegetable and fruit crops and grapes.

Soil disinfection by biological methods

If you are a supporter of natural (live) farming and do not accept the use of chemicals, then biological methods can be used. They are also recommended for those gardeners whose plots are not huge.

Recently, biofungicides have been increasingly used to control pathogens. Trade offers a wide range of preparations containing soil pathogen antagonist fungi. These are preparations of the Baikal series, as well as Trichodermin, which inhibits the development of more than sixty different pathogenic organisms. Biofungicide "Alirin-B" suppresses fungal diseases in the soil. And, of course, known to everyone and loved by many farmers, "Fitosporin".

The preparations are applied to the top layer of the soil, to a depth of no more than 10-15 cm, in autumn, in September-October, after liberation from planting. But no later than two weeks before the onset of cold weather. Biofungicides must be applied to the top layer of soil in the spring, but after stable positive temperatures have been established.

Vegetating plants are also treated with biological preparations, leaving no chance for infections to "settle". Because the microorganisms and fungi contained in the preparations will displace pathogens from the soil. The systematic use of biofungicides will cleanse the soil of infections and protect crops from the manifestation of diseases.

Soil disinfection with biological products is safe for humans and animals. And besides, it helps to increase the activity of intrasoil microorganisms.

Agrotechnics for soil protection

The agrotechnical methods of maintaining soil health include, first of all, the observance of crop rotation. Cultures should not return to their original place of growth earlier than after three years. During this time, pathogenic fungi, if not all die, then significantly weaken.

For the development of a fungal disease, ideal conditions are thickened plantings and high humidity. Therefore, we make the beds narrow, we observe the necessary arrangement of plants so that the plantings are well ventilated.

When choosing varieties and hybrids of vegetables, you should choose resistant to fungal diseases. How these seeds are labeled on the labels, we told in the article.

When feeding plants, you should not get carried away with nitrogen, because plants “overfed” with nitrogen become more vulnerable to fungi.

Tops of cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplant and potatoes are best burned. You should not lay them in a compost heap, even if outwardly there were no signs of disease on the plants.

What method to use for disinfection and disinfection of the soil on the site, each gardener is free to choose for himself. But it should be remembered that chemical methods should be used in extreme cases, with a high degree of infection. If the use of biopreparations and the observance of agricultural technology are used in combination, this will preserve the health of the soil and plants, and there will be no need to use chemistry.

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Tillage in the greenhouse should be carried out twice a year: in the spring, when the snow has already melted and the seedlings have not yet been planted, and in the fall, when the crop has already been harvested, the remains of the tops have been burned, and it is too early to plant winter crops.

soil diseases

Infection with bacteria and fungi. As plants grow, they can get sick. After harvesting, bacteria and fungi remain in the soil. Some of them die in the cold, but some can remain in the soil for many years and infect new plantings. A sign is the appearance in young plants of diseases that were in plants of the previous year (spots on the leaves, decay, etc.)

Exhaustion. As the selection of nutrients by plants, the land is depleted, loses fertility. This disease is characterized by a general stunted seedlings for no apparent reason (there are no pests, diseases, and the plant is still weak and stunted)

Structural disruption. The earth can become hard, heavy, form layers, crack, erode. This defect is very easy to diagnose. The soil looks rough, cracked, crusted and cracked, and hard lumps to the touch. Such soil is difficult to dig. It does not retain moisture after watering, it dries quickly.

weeds. Weeds can take root in the garden. A small number of weeds are always present, but sometimes there are a lot of weeds, they clog all the crops. Then we say that the earth is overgrown.

Soil disinfection

It is very important to treat the site from pathogenic bacteria and pests before planting seedlings. There are four groups of methods for this.

The use of elevated temperatures in the spring from diseases and pests

This method is quite effective for the destruction of pathogens of various diseases and harmful insects. There are two ways to implement heat treatment, which are quite effective at stable positive air temperatures, that is, at the end of April or May. The first is to spill the prepared area with boiling water. The second method consists in densely covering the beds for 3–4 days with several layers of plastic wrap. In sunny weather, under such a shelter, provided that it is completely sealed, the temperature can rise to 70-80 ° C.

Articles about growing seedlings

Safe for health folk remedies in the spring from diseases and pests

Many adherents of organic farming practice the treatment of ridges from diseases and pests using solutions of various natural disinfectants. This can be an aqueous solution of coniferous concentrate, an infusion of tobacco dust, as well as other infusions and decoctions of plants with insecticidal properties (onion, garlic, wormwood, and others). Green manure plants (mustard, rapeseed, rye, oats, and others) perfectly enrich the soil and fight against diseases and pests, which can be sown on the site both before winter and in early spring, before planting the main crop. Their seedlings are cut and sent to compost or buried in the soil during spring digging.

Articles about the unusual cultivation of seedlings

Biological method of disinfection in the spring from diseases and pests

With the biological method of disinfection, a method of destroying microorganisms in the environment with biological preparations is used, the content of microbes is antagonists. This method has a strictly specific purpose.

The biological method is used to destroy arthropods - carriers of pathogens of infectious diseases. With this method, cultures of certain types of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, spores of bacilli, fungi and actinomycetes, viruses that can cause mass diseases among insects are added to food baits.

The use of bacterial preparations makes it possible to reduce environmental pollution by chemical preparations. In addition, when using chemical disinfection methods, not all insect habitats are accessible to disinfectants.

Chemical method of disinfection in the spring from diseases and pests

Before starting work, analyze what diseases or pests attacked your plants in the past year. Depending on this, you need to choose a chemical solution: specialized or broad-spectrum. So, for processing use:

• copper sulfate;
• formalin;
• creolin;
• bleach;
• carbation.

Depending on the disease, you can apply:

1. Fungal diseases and pathogenic flora are afraid of the Fitop-Flora-S preparation.
2. From the spider mite saves "Lightning".
3. Bayleton will help get rid of gray rot
4. Rot and pathogenic microorganisms will destroy Fitolavin-300

Read the instructions on the packaging before diluting the preparations!

It is a well-known fact that as soil is used, it is not only depleted, but also exposed to infection by various fungi and bacteria. When using such a plot, the gardener may notice deterioration in the growth and development of plants, as well as their low yield. You can cope with this phenomenon, you just need to know how to disinfect the soil in the garden.

Now there are three main methods of disinfection - chemical, agrotechnical and physical. Let's consider each of them.

Physical method of soil disinfection

When thinking about how to disinfect the soil in the fall, pay attention to steaming, which can kill pathogens of plants and insects. It is produced in mid-November. The soil is covered with a heat-resistant film and treated with steam, the source of which can be a steam boiler.

Agrotechnical method of soil disinfection

This method, by the way, is often used by garden owners, sometimes without knowing it themselves. First, it consists in the alternation of cultures. For example, after legumes or garlic.

Secondly, it makes sense to plant plants that disinfect the soil in early spring. For example, white mustard and winter rye are not only able to saturate the earth with nitrogen, but also neutralize it by accumulating alkaloids in the roots.

Chemical method of soil disinfection

With this method, a chemical preparation is introduced into the ground, which is capable of destroying pathogens of fungal and bacterial diseases of vegetable crops.

Very often, experienced gardeners use Carbation. It is a broad spectrum agent used in the fight against fusarium, clubroot, horse rot and blackleg. This is just the substance that can disinfect the soil before planting for at least 30 days. The concentrate is diluted up to 2% aqueous solution and used for tillage. After applying the drug, it is recommended to cover the area with a film for 4-5 days.

As for how you can disinfect the soil in the fall, a mixture of lime and is optimal for this purpose. For each square meter, half a glass of substances is used. They are sprinkled on the surface of the earth, and the site itself is then dug up to a depth of 20 cm.

Biological preparations, for example, Fungistop, give a good result. They spray the soil in the form of an aqueous solution, which is prepared from 350-500 ml of the agent itself and a bucket of water. After such treatment, the infected area is dug up to the entire depth of the shovel bayonet.