Rosehip: planting and care, varieties and useful properties. Wild rose hips, savior from wounds

Since the time of Hippocrates, and perhaps even earlier, rose hips have been included in the category of the most valuable medicines.

Botanical description of wild rose

Rose hips are mostly upright shrubs, rarely lianas, sometimes low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants, the shoots of which are covered with numerous thorns. The leaves are predominantly pinnate, with paired stipules, deciduous, rarely evergreen. Rosehip flowers have a variety of color scheme: from pure white to bright red and even black. They are large or small, often not double, less often with more or less pronounced doubleness, in inflorescences (corymbose or corymbose-paniculate), solitary, sometimes two or several.

Rosehip cinnamon belongs to the Rosaceae family. Shrub up to 1.5-2 m in height with thin twig-like branches, covered with reddish-brown bark, thorns are somewhat curved, flattened at the base, hard, sessile in 2 at the base of the leaves, they do not occur on flowering shoots, there are still numerous spines on annuals and bristles. Leaves pinnate, 4-9 cm long, with 5-7 leaflets, green above, grayish-pubescent below with well-defined veins. Leaflets are thin, oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, dentate, petioles are shortly pubescent, smooth or with scattered spines and often hidden in pubescence short-stalked glandules, stipules are stalked, 3/4 fused with the petiole, in top leaves wider than the bottom ones. The flowers are pink, 3-5 cm in diameter, with lanceolate bracts, fragrant, solitary or 2-3, pedicels are smooth, 5-17 mm long, petals at the apex with a notch, sepals 5 in number, entire, converging upwards in fruits. The fruit is 11-15 mm in diameter, spherical or oval, juicy, smooth, orange-red, formed from an overgrown pitcher receptacle, at the bottom of which numerous nutlets develop. Blossoms in June-July, the fruits ripen in August, remain on the branches until winter.

Rosehip begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years. Active fruiting from 2 to 6 years. Fruits are formed mainly on the growth of the previous year. Rosehip is pollinated by insects. On the site it is desirable to have at least 2-3 plants of different species or varieties.

Spreading

Most common in middle zone rosehip is cinnamon, it is the richest vitamin C. Rosehip grows well on moderately moist soils with a powerful fertile layer, permeable to water and air. Rose hips do not grow well on waterlogged soils. Propagated by seeds, division of bushes, layering, rhizomatous offspring, green and woody cuttings, grafting.

It is best to propagate rose hips with rhizomatous offspring. In one place, wild rose grows up to 25 years.

Rosehip is widely used for hedges.

Rose hips are common in forests, among light forests, on mountain slopes, in river valleys, in fields, near roads, in separate bushes or dense thickets, in forest ravines and on the edges, in coastal strips. Rose hips are more often cultivated wrinkled and cinnamon in the European part of the country in gardens and parks. High-vitamin varieties have been developed. Cultivation is easy. It is convenient for cultivation to use even junk or inaccessible land for cultivation.

The wild rose is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly with a temperate climate, as well as in subtropical regions, in the mountains to the Alpine belt, on slopes and rocky placers. Rosehip is common in Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, the European part of Russia, Western Siberia, and Central Asia.

Useful properties of wild rose

Rose hip- a valuable vitamin-bearing plant, an invaluable source of ascorbic acid. It is important to note that rosehip ascorbic acid has advantages over synthetic vitamin C. Long-term use of large doses of synthetic ascorbic acid can lead to inhibition of the insulin-forming function of the pancreas. A link has been established between vitamin deficiency and atherosclerosis.

Vitamin C has restorative properties. It is directly involved in redox processes, in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, in the activation of enzymes, promotes tissue regeneration, regulates blood clotting, vascular permeability, participates in the synthesis of collagen, steroid hormones, increases the resistance and protective reactions of the body to infections, other unfavorable factors external environment, stimulates the hematopoietic apparatus, enhances the phagocytic ability of leukocytes. Ascorbic acid increases mental, physical performance and activates the basal metabolism.

The human body is not capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid. The daily requirement for an adult is 50 mg, and with great physical exertion - 75-100 mg. The need for ascorbic acid increases in pregnant and lactating women (up to 100 mg).

Chemical composition

rosehip branches contain vitamin P. Rosehip leaves contain polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (gallic, gentisic, coffee, protocatechin, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, p-coumaric, lilac, vanillic, ferulic, salicylic, ellagic ), tannins, flavonoids.

Leaves and roots rose hips contain significant amounts of tannins. A decoction of the branches as an astringent is prescribed for diarrhea and dyspepsia, intestinal colic, rheumatism, and sciatica. Young branches of wild rose are used for food - in salads, fried in oil.

Fruit contain vitamins C (up to 4000 mg%), P, K, rutin, carotenoids (alpha-carotenes, beta-carotenes, lycopene, phytofluin, polycyslycopins A, B, B 2, C, K, P, carotene, cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, taroxanthin), catechins, flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercitrin, tiliroside, leukopeonidin, cyanidin), essential oil, sugar. The fruit pulp also contains potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, phosphorus, and magnesium.

in seeds rose hips have fatty oil. Seed oil contains 200 mg% vitamin E, 10 mg% carotene, linoleic, linolenic and solid acids. Rosehip seed oil is now widely used as a popular and effective remedy.

Procurement of raw materials

Raw materials are harvested from the end of August until the onset of frost, preferably in the morning or late afternoon, since fruits picked in the sun lose their valuable properties. Harvest must be processed immediately. It is recommended to harvest the fruits before full maturity, when they are still firm but have an orange or red color. It is necessary to dry the fruits in a dry place, avoiding direct sunlight. The finished raw material is dried fruits of orange-red color, with a shiny wrinkled surface. The wall of dried fruits is thin and fragile, inside them there are light yellow nuts and numerous bristly hairs.

Rosehip treatment

In folk medicine of Belarus decoction of rose hips drink with diseases of the liver, kidneys, heart, bladder, hypertension, hyperacid gastritis, headache.

Rose hips in the form of infusion, extract, syrup, powder It is recommended to prescribe for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in case of anemia, acute and chronic infections, diphtheria, whooping cough, pneumonia, scarlet fever, acute and chronic intestinal diseases, hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine, hemorrhoidal), radiation sickness, overdose anticoagulants, hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, traumatic shock, patients who underwent surgery, with stones in the liver and kidneys, duodenal ulcer, decreased gastric secretion, long-term non-healing wounds, bone fractures, intoxication with industrial poisons, also to increase the overall resistance of the body to various diseases.

Large doses of ascorbic acid are also taken for malignant neoplasms, based on the assumption that the trigger of malignant growth is the increased activity of hyaluronidase, and ascorbic acid blocks it. Last years rosehip preparations are recommended to be used as an anti-sclerotic agent in case of an increase in the content of cholesterol in the blood, hypertension. An infusion of the peel or whole rose hips is recommended for nephrolithiasis as a means of promoting the resorption of stones.

Fruit official, included in the composition of multivitamin preparations and fees, in the anti-asthma mixture of Traskov, Holosas, Karotelin. Vitaminized syrup gives a positive result in hypertension. Rosehip oil improves the nutrition of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, accelerates the healing of thermal burns, radiation damage to the skin, is used for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, peptic ulcer, trophic ulcers, gynecological diseases, for the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (enemas), dermatosis, externally - with trophic ulcers shins, bedsores, nipple cracks, abrasions.

As an additional source of iron, rose hips are used for iron deficiency and other anemias, as well as for chronic and acute infections, nephritis, for patients in the preoperative period and after surgery, for injuries, chronic and acute pneumonia, colds, cerebrovascular diseases, eye diseases, accompanied by small hemorrhages.

AT Tibetan medicine wild rose is used for atherosclerosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia.

Rosehip infusion used as a choleretic agent for cholecystitis in aqueous infusions, in the form of collections of medicinal cocktails with oxygen, syrups, jams, compotes, jams or ready-made pharmaceutical preparations. Rosehip syrup contains a large number of magnesium. It is prescribed to patients with thrombosis, hypertension, salt metabolism disorders.

In folk medicine rose hips in the form of infusion are used for hypovitaminosis, as a choleretic, restorative and adaptogenic, for infectious diseases, bone fractures, wounds, anemia, uterine bleeding, burns, frostbite, to enhance potency, improve sleep, in the absence of appetite, treatment of chronic anacid and achilic gastritis, neurasthenia, diseases liver, kidneys, bladder, pulmonary tuberculosis, to accelerate the excretion of radionuclides from the body.

Dried mature rose hips in medicine are used as vitamin raw materials. Applied inside in the form of infusion, syrup, sweets, dragees, etc., mainly for the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiency. Rosehip preparations (in particular, oil) are used as a multivitamin, tonic and increase the body's resistance to hypo- and beriberi, atherosclerosis, various infectious diseases, burns, frostbite, wounds, hemophilia, bleeding.

Rosehip preparations have a choleretic effect and are indicated for cholecystitis, cholangitis, especially associated with a decrease in bile secretion.

A positive effect of rosehip preparations on the secretion of gastric juice has been established. They increase acidity and increase the digestive power of pepsin, so rose hips are recommended for hypoacid and anacid gastritis.

Rose hips are part of multivitamin preparations, in the anti-asthma mixture of I. M. Traskov, they are used to prepare the choleretic drug "Holosas", used in the treatment of diseases of the liver and biliary tract.

Contraindications

Rosehip causes bloating and rumbling in the stomach, so you need to combine rosehip syrup with dill water or dill. Reception of parsley, celery also prevents undesirable phenomena.

Cooking

leaf infusion used as an antibacterial and analgesic drink for colic, gastralgia, malaria, as a diuretic, and also for diarrhea. To do this, take cinnamon rosehip roots - 50 g, dried rosehip leaves 20 g. The mixture is poured with 400 ml of boiling water, boiled for 15 minutes, insisted for 2 hours, filtered. Take 1/4 cup 3-4 times a day before meals with intestinal colic, stomach pain, diarrhea. The course of treatment is up to a week.

Rosehip root decoction as an astringent and antiseptic, they are used for diarrhea, dyspepsia, as well as for cystitis, hypertension, intermittent fever, heart disease, urolithiasis, kidney and bladder stones, externally (in the form of baths) - for rheumatism and paralysis; decoction of branches- in bloody diarrhea, as a valuable stone-dissolving agent for kidney and bladder stones.

fruit decoction. Fruits can be dried, and in winter brew and drink 1-2 glasses a day, like a vitamin drink. For a decoction, you need: cinnamon rose hips - 30 g, boiled water 400 ml. Dry crushed rose hips are poured with boiling water, boiled for 10 minutes, insisted for 6-8 hours in a thermos, filtered. Take 1-2 glasses a day after meals.

Infusion of cinnamon rosehip roots: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of crushed roots is poured into 400 ml of boiling water, boiled for 15 minutes, insisted for 2 hours, filtered. Take 1/2 cup 3-4 times a day before meals for diarrhea and dyspepsia, cystitis, arterial hypertension, intermittent fever, heart disease, urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, for baths with rheumatism and radiculitis.

Infusion of rose hips: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of unpeeled rose hips is crushed to a size of 0.5 mm, poured into 400 ml of boiling water, tightly closed with a lid and insisted in a water bath for 15 minutes, then insisted for a day, filtered. Take 1 / 4-1 / 2 cup 2 times a day with a general breakdown, anemia, pulmonary tuberculosis, colds, liver disease, stool disorders, urolithiasis.

Rosehip oil

Rosehip oil No wonder it has the title of "Queen of Natural Oils". The properties of this oil are extremely diverse. It eliminates irritation, improves skin elasticity, normalizes the sebaceous and sweat glands, promotes regeneration and rejuvenation of the skin, gives it a fresh and beautiful color. Rosehip oil- a wonderful mild antidepressant that eliminates indecision and gives self-confidence. Rosehip oil is wonderful cosmetic product. Rosehip oil capsules are used for scurvy, anemia, general weakness, ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the liver, stomach, kidneys, gall bladder and bladder.

Rosehip oil is used externally for trophic ulcers, some diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. It is used for cracks and abrasions of the nipples in nursing women, dermatoses, trophic ulcers of the lower leg, bedsores, ulcerative colitis.

Rosehip oil capsules are used for scurvy, anemia, general weakness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, diseases of the liver, stomach, kidneys, gall bladder and bladder. In Tibetan medicine, rosehip oil is used for pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia, and atherosclerosis.

wild roses , called rose hips, vivo grow in warm and temperate climate northern hemisphere.

These are mainly shrubs up to 2 m tall with slightly drooping or erect branches. There are species with very long shoots clinging to the trunks and branches of neighboring plants or creeping along the ground. Some wild roses grow in the form of dense, low bushes - pillows, decorative during the flowering period.

rosehip leaves pinnate, with ovate or elliptical, acutely serrate leaves, with 2 stipules, partly attached to the base of the petiole. Rosehip flowers are fragrant, large, solitary or collected in inflorescences.

Flowers up to 12 cm in diameter. The corolla is formed by 5 petals of red, pink, dark crimson, yellow, white color. Rose hips have many stamens, pistils are also numerous. Sometimes wild roses have flowers with more than 5 petals. So, the wild rose has double or semi-double flowers. Double flowers, larger and much more decorative than simple ones.

Most of wild rose species temperate and cold zone blooms for a short time - from May to July. Subtropical wild roses bloom continuously. The fruits ripen in August, gradually acquiring a yellow, red color and remain on the branches until winter.

are widely used in green building, when creating soil-protective plantings. Undemanding to soil conditions. Most of the species are photophilous, grow well on loamy soils.

Rose hips reproduce by seeds and vegetatively. Garden forms reproduce by dividing the bush, layering, offspring, root and stem cuttings, cultivated roses - by grafting.

They gave rise to more than 200 thousand varieties of beautiful roses, living on Earth for 40 million years. But wild roses are not inferior in beauty and aroma to cultivated garden varieties. Wild roses are worthy of wide distribution in the landscaping of our gardens.

Among the wide variety ornamental plants wild roses are very popular. Rosehip is one of the most ancient cultures. It has been cultivated since ancient times.

A wide variety of varieties and hybrids are widely used in horticulture. Shrub and standard roses - for flower beds, in the foreground in a group planting; climbing species roses - for vertical gardening. A variety of colors, different periods of flowering allow you to create from roses, decorative compositions.

Rosehip is also valued for its fruits. Bright rosehip berries are not only an autumn and winter decoration of gardens, but also a natural medicine, a useful food supplement.

Rose hips contain vitamins and minerals necessary for a person. Rose hips contain carotene, rutin, iron, phosphorus, manganese, magnesium, potassium, as well as antioxidants and organic acids.

Eating rose hips , strengthens the immune system, increases the body's resistance to the effects of bacteria, helps slow down the aging process.

Rose hips are unpretentious to the soil, and wild rose species of temperate latitudes are distinguished by great winter hardiness. This determined the use of wild rose as a stock for their overly tender and sickly offspring. In particular, dog rose hips are widely used in this capacity.

May rosehip

AT middle lane Russia is the most common type of May rosehip. Its bushes can be found in forest clearings and clearings. But most often it grows in floodplains, where it forms large thickets. In May, the May rosehip is covered with large bright pink flowers for a couple of weeks, and by August they turn orange, and then turn red from ripened fruits. May rosehip plants are quite variable. The shrub can reach up to 3 m in height, or be much lower.

The shape of the May rose hips is also variable - from strongly elongated to rounded or slightly flattened. characteristic hallmarks May rose hips are covered with needle-like spines at the base of the table, as well as small, curved spikes on flowering shoots. This rose hip has entire sepals.

Rosehip wrinkled

Under natural conditions, it grows on the Pacific coast of the Far East, in Korea. On the shore Baltic Sea this wild rose forms dense thickets, but the creeping form prevails here.

In addition to the bright large flowers that appear in the wrinkled wild rose all summer, it is very beautiful in the fall with orange leaves and orange-red, flattened fruits.

dog rose

This wild rose can be seen in the black earth zone of the European part of Russia, near railways, in various disturbed places, where the plant gets, escaping from garden culture. It is cultivated very widely. Dog rosehip is the most common rootstock for garden roses. Florists love him for unpretentiousness, winter hardiness.

In nature, it is a tall, up to 3 m tall, shrub, forming a dense, powerful, sprawling bush with thick stems. Thorns on the trunks and on the side shoots are sparsely located. The flowers of dog rose are pale pink, almost white, the fruits are elongated or rounded.

Rosehip apple

Rosehip got its name for the fruits - round, with a small wild apple, at first turning yellow and gradually browning from one side. Rosehip apple often grows in the south of Russia, but sometimes it freezes over in winter, and at the beginning of summer it gives many young shoots from the base of the bush.

In general, you can talk about rose hips for a long time. We are sometimes dismissive of these thorny bushes, so far from their garden descendants. It should not be forgotten that the wild rose is not only a source of medicinal substances, not only a great source of variability for creating excellent varieties of cultivated roses.

After all, the ancient legend was invented by the Greeks not about a rose, but only about a rosehip bush. Yes, and looking at the English royal coat of arms, preserved from the time of the medieval war of the White and Scarlet roses, you will see not a garden rose, but a wild rose flower.

Rosehip belongs to the same genus as roses, in fact, it is a rose, only wild. There are about 400 species of such wild roses. As a wild plant, wild roses are unusually widespread: from the North to the tropics. In culture, the most common wild rose (canina rose), cinnamon rose hip and rugosa rose (wrinkled rose).

Description

Rosehip is not so much a fruit plant as a medicinal plant (in Ancient Russia he was called the "doctor of forty diseases") and decorative, but in the 20th century on his beneficial features fruit growers also noticed. As a result, not only beautifully flowering garden forms of wild rose began to appear, but also fruit varieties.

Biological features

All wild roses are thorny shrubs up to 2 m tall, differing (especially in comparison with decorative species roses) relative unpretentiousness and winter hardiness. Rosehip flowers are simple, pink or white. From a botanical point of view, the fruit of the rose hips are achenes, but in everyday life they are considered hypanthia - strongly overgrown fleshy receptacles. In shape, they can be spherical, flattened or elongated, in color - from orange to red. These false fruits ripen in August-September. Their flesh usually contains bristly hairs.

Beneficial features

Rose hips (hypanthia) are valued primarily as a source of vitamins, with it, as well as with currants, all other fruits are compared, and not only in vitamin C content (1179 mg / 100 g, or up to 20% of the total mass - 10 times more than in blackcurrant; to ensure daily requirement 3-4 fruits are enough for an adult), but also P (830 mg / 100 g), as well as carotene (12-18 mg / 100 g). In addition, they contain other vitamins (B2, K, E), pectin, sugars, organic acids (citric and malic), essential oil, flavone glycosides, kaempferol, quercetin, tannins and trace elements.

At home, rose hips are used mainly for the preparation of drinks, in industrial - food syrups and concentrates, as well as various fortified supplements, powders, tablets and extracts. Rose hips and their preparations are recommended for hypo- and beriberi, low acidity of gastric juice, for cholecystitis (as a choleretic), atherosclerosis, anemia, for various diseases associated with impaired capillary circulation (from hemophilia to nosebleeds), and even to increase body resistance to various infectious diseases and intoxications

When propagating wild rose, planting is possible for everyone possible options: by seed method, cuttings, by dividing the bush, rooting of stem layers and offspring of roots. Primarily garden varieties rose hips are cultivated in the territories of the Northern Hemisphere, and in the tropical zone these plants are found only occasionally.

Photo and description of decorative wild rose

Ornamental wild rose is a large shrub with arcuately hanging branches, covered with strong crescent-shaped and very sharp thorns. Young shoots have a greenish-red hue with small bristles and thorns.

There are species with very long, creeping along the ground or clinging to the trunks and branches of neighboring plants, rising to a considerable height shoots. Some grow in the form of dense, low cushion bushes, very decorative when in bloom. The leaves are pinnate, with elliptical or ovate, acutely serrated leaflets, with two leaf-like stipules, partially adherent to the base of the petiole.

As you can see in the photo, the flowers of the decorative wild rose are large, fragrant, bisexual, single or collected in inflorescences:

Flowers are 1 to 12 cm in diameter. Sepals 5. Corolla free-petaled, formed, as a rule, by five oblique heart-shaped petals of pink, red, dark crimson, white or yellow color. There are many stamens, pistils are also numerous, located along the inner wall of the concave receptacle. Sometimes there are flowers that have more than five petals, while part of the stamens or pistils turns into additional petals. Thus, semi-double or double flowers appear. In some cases, the number of petals can be very large - the wrinkled variety has up to 180 petals. Double flowers, as a rule, are larger and more decorative than simple ones.

Majority Plants garden species bloom for a short time - from May to July. Evergreen and subtropical bloom almost continuously.

The fruits ripen in August - September, gradually acquiring a yellow, scarlet-red or black-brown color and remain on the branches until winter. The overgrown receptacle is fleshy, juicy, berry-like. Inside it is a large number of fruitlets - nuts of an angular shape with a slightly pointed top. The inner wall of the hypanthium is covered with long bristly hairs.

Easily cultivated plants, they are widely used in green building, in particular, when creating soil-protective plantings. Drought-resistant and undemanding to soil conditions. Most species are photophilous, grow well on moderately moist, loamy soils, and do not tolerate waterlogging.

Rosehip propagation is possible by seeds, dividing the bush, offspring, layering, stem and root cuttings.

A huge variety of varieties and hybrids are widely used in garden and park construction. Bush and standard - for flower beds and parterres, planting paths and in a group planting in the foreground; climbing species and varieties - for vertical gardening. The variety of colors and structure of the flower, unequal flowering periods allow you to create highly artistic, decorative compositions from them, moreover, they bloom at a time when most have faded, and color palette flowers is inimitable.

Ornamental cultivars and forms are combined into groups with a common morphology and developmental features.

Majority fruit varieties bred on the basis of cinnamon, wrinkled, daurian and gray. According to the size of the fruits, they can be divided into two groups: varieties with large fruits having thick, fleshy flesh, and with thin-walled, small fruits.

Rosehip garden wrinkled: photo and description of varieties

Rosehip wrinkled- shrub up to two meters high. The branches are thick, erect, covered with numerous small straight or curved needle-like spines and setae, and the spines are also pubescent. On old branches the bark is gray or dark gray, on young branches it is brownish or brown-brown, in places covered with pressed grayish down. The buds are small, reddish, round-ovate, slightly separated from the shoot. The leaf scar is very narrow, almost linear. Characterized by wrinkled leaves, slightly flattened orange-red fruits and flowers of various shapes and colors.

Look at the photo of the wrinkled wild rose - its flowers are large, up to 6-8 cm in diameter, carmine-pink and very fragrant, collected in few-flowered inflorescences or less often arranged singly:

Blooms from June to late autumn.

When describing the wrinkled wild rose, the fruits of the plant are especially worth noting: they are fleshy, spherical or somewhat flattened-spherical, up to 3 cm in diameter. Bright red or dark orange. The sepals are erect. The fruits begin to ripen in mid-summer.

The area is Primorye, south of Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuril and Shantar Islands, and outside of Russia - China, Korea and Japan. It grows on sandy and sandy-pebble sea coasts. Often forms thickets, the so-called coastal rose gardens.

The most spectacular varieties of wrinkled rose hips are Blanc Double de Coubert, Mont Blanc, Henry Hudson with white flowers, Pink Grootendorst and Therese Bugnet with pink flowers, Scarbosa and Hansa with lilac-purple flowers. The height of different varieties varies from 1 to 3 meters.

Varieties of the group "Grutendorst", or "Grotendorst" (Grootendorst), obtained by crossing wrinkled roses with polyanthus. They inherited from their parents an upright bush shape, good winter hardiness and abundant long flowering.

Varieties of this group - "F.J. Grootendorst" with crimson flowers, "Pink Grootendorst" with pink, "Grootendorst Supreme" with dark red, "White Grootendorst" and "Fimbriata" with pure white are considered quite winter-hardy even for the middle lane, but in too severe winters they can freeze slightly. .

Planting, care and pruning wrinkled rose hips

Planting and caring for wrinkled wild rose is not difficult, since this species is completely undemanding to the composition and nutritional value of the soil, it tolerates even slight salinity and drought, although it develops better with regular watering on wind-protected and well-lit southern and western slopes. A powerful spreading crown does not need support, and disease-resistant foliage needs preventive spraying.

Rosehip planting in spring is best done before bud break, and to create a high hedge, seedlings should be placed according to the scheme 60 × 60 cm (80 × 80 cm), medium-high - 30 × 30 cm (50 × 50 cm) and at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m apart when boarding in groups. Despite the fact that during flowering and in monocompositions it produces an effect, it looks good against a background with a spreading or vertical crown, and a combination with an early-flowering spirea can brighten up its “dull look” in the spring.

Bushes should be pruned regularly to prevent overgrowth. Or, when planting and caring for wild rose, dig vertical sheets of slate around the bush, which will “hold” the root growth in a limited space.

If fertilizers are applied during the preparation of planting pits (at least a bucket of humus), then for the next 3-4 years the plant is not fed, and then, if necessary, every 3-4 years it is fertilized with compost or full mineral fertilizer, which is applied after spring pruning.

The first pruning of the wild rose is carried out immediately after planting - all shoots are shortened by a third, and later, from the age of 3, the annual spring pruning of the bush is an exclusively sanitary procedure - the removal of dried shoots growing inside the bush and unproductive branches older than 4 years of age. For better branching, which in turn stimulates more abundant flowering and the formation of fruits, the remaining branches can be further shortened by a third. With such simple care, it can grow without a transplant for at least 25 years, and with regular top dressing and proper pruning - more than a hundred years.

A video of pruning wild rose in the spring will help you correctly perform this agricultural technique:

Description of the French and May wild rose

French rosehip- the ancestor of the famous medieval Europe pharmacy rose. Grows in southern Europe, European Russia, Crimea. Low-growing, less than a meter tall, low-branched bushes, growing at the expense of underground horizontal rhizomes and often forming continuous thickets. The stems and all branches, including the pedicels themselves, are densely covered with straight sharp spines and smaller spines and needles. Flowers are formed at the ends of the shoots, large, bright red. The sepals of the French rosehip are large, with large, inaccurately spreading lateral feathers.

Rosehip May or cinnamon- the most common species in central Russia, so the exact number of its varieties has not been calculated. Everyone is familiar with the description of the May wild rose, since these bushes grow everywhere in forest glades, clearings, and are often found in gardens. When grown in the garden, it is extremely unpretentious to soil conditions, and species of temperate latitudes are highly winter hardy, resistant to. But, despite this, do not forget to protect the shrub so that in the fall it will give you its wonderful fruits with unique medicinal properties.

Musk rose hybrid varieties: "Buff Beauty", "Felicia", "Penelope".

Decorative wild roses with dense semi-shiny foliage and burgundy young shoots, have red berries.

Planting and caring for garden rose hips (with photo)

They are planted both in spring, before the start of the growing season, and in autumn, in pre-prepared landing pits. Preference should be given to the spring period; autumn planting of wild rose is allowed only in moist soil. Before planting, the soil is dug to a depth of 15-20 cm.

For planting and caring for decorative wild rose, a well-lit place is selected, protected from cold winds. If the soil is poor, a month before the autumn planting for digging, they add per 1 m2: 6-8 kg of compost, 40-60 g of superphosphate and 20-30 g of potassium salt. acidic soils a year before planting, they are limed with slaked lime. For spring planting, fertilizers are applied and embedded in the soil in autumn - in October.

Since the plants are cross-pollinated, several bushes of different varieties are planted at once, but blooming at the same time.

For planting, you can use both annual and biennial seedlings. Depending on the future growth force, the bushes are planted after 1.5-3 m. Planting pits are dug at least 50 cm in diameter and depth, 10-15 kg of humus, 150-200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium sulfate and 60-70 g of ammonium nitrate, after mixing well with fertile soil.

Before planting, the aerial part of the seedling is cut short, leaving stumps 8-10 cm long, and the main roots are shortened by 3-5 cm. Then the plant is placed in a hole and, having straightened the roots, sprinkle fertile soil without fertilizer, gradually compacting and making sure that the root collar is at ground level. After planting, the plants are watered abundantly and the soil is mulched with peat, sawdust or dry earth.

Here you can see photos of planting and caring for garden rose hips on suburban area:

How to care for garden rose hips

In dry weather, it needs watering, especially in the first year after planting. As a rule, adult bushes are watered rarely, but plentifully. If during the active growth of shoots and ovaries there is no rain, when watering a young bush, they spend 20-30 liters of water, and 40-50 liters for a fruit-bearing bush.

And how to care for rose hips from the third year of life? During this period, the bushes begin to feed with organic and mineral fertilizers. Minerals are applied in three terms: nitrogen - in the spring, at the beginning of plant growth, and in summer, during the formation of fruits and the growth of shoots. During the period of active growth of shoots and ovaries, wild rose responds well to fertilizing with bird droppings or slurry fermented and diluted with water, at the rate of a bucket per bush.

It is better to apply mineral fertilizers before watering, evenly scattered over the entire projection of the crown and planted in the soil by shallow loosening. Liquid top dressing it is desirable to pour into the annular or longitudinal grooves 7-10 cm deep, located at a distance of 50 cm from the center of the bush. After feeding and watering, the grooves fall asleep, and the soil trunk circles mulch.

Propagation and planting of wild rose in spring with seeds

All species can be propagated by seeds. Plants grown from seeds, as a rule, deviate significantly from the mother and give a lot various forms, differing from each other and from the mother bush in essential features - prickly, size and shape of the fetus, shade of petals. When planting rose hips with seeds, in the vast majority of cases, the content of vitamins in the fruits of the offspring does not decrease, and in some forms even increases.

From the third or fourth year of life, seedlings are highly resistant to frost and drought, but come into fruition later than plants obtained by vegetative means. High-quality seedlings can only be obtained from seeds of healthy, high-yielding bushes with large fruits and high vitamin content.

Seeds are covered with a strong woody shell, therefore they are difficult to germinate. They germinate only two, and some even three years after sowing. Therefore, to obtain seeds, the fruits are harvested unripe (when the seeds in them are already fully developed, but the shell has not yet hardened). Seeds are removed from the fruits and immediately placed in boxes in wet sand (for one part of the seeds - three parts of washed, pre-calcined sand). The boxes should be up to 20 cm high with small holes along the bottom. They are placed in a cool basement and moistened regularly.

To prevent the seeds from being washed out with sand, the holes in the boxes are closed (as when planting indoor flowers) with shards of broken flower vases or covered with loose cloth. The basement is ventilated, maintaining the temperature at 2-4 ° C in winter. Stratified seeds must be protected from: close the boxes with glass or metal mesh.

In the fall, you can place the seeds in ridges with well-drained, non-floating soil, seasoned with humus and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. After 15-20 cm, furrows are cut with a depth of 4-5 cm and seeds are sown in them (at the rate of 150-200 pieces per linear meter). On heavy soils, the furrows can be sealed with a mixture of earth and humus (in equal proportions). To obtain friendly seedlings, the ridges (or at least furrows) are mulched with humus. Mulch and regular watering prevent the seeds from drying out.

Rosehips are planted with seeds in the spring in prepared ridges, and the soil is constantly kept moist until germination.

Care of the ridges consists in removing weeds, loosening the soil, top dressing nitrogen fertilizers(1% solution of ammonium nitrate or carbamide), pest and disease control. If the seedlings of wild rose on the ridges are thick, they are thinned out. Seedlings obtained from thinning are placed in a container with a small amount water, and then planted in prepared ridges according to the scheme - 20 cm between rows and 10 cm in rows between seedlings. The best time for seedlings to dive is the appearance of one or two true leaves. It is better to dive seedlings in cloudy weather or in the evening.

After picking, the rows of seedlings must be carefully watered and mulched. In the first three or four days, watering is carried out daily in the evening, and then - as the soil dries up. Seven to eight days after picking, seedlings should be fed with a 1% solution of slurry. Top dressing is repeated after two to three weeks. Care for the ridges of seedlings that have been picked is normal.

One of the main botanical characteristics of the wild rose plant, which distinguishes it from its closest relative, the rose, is the color of the shoots. If they are always red in roses, then when describing the rosehip plant, it is necessarily specified that the young shoots of this shrub are painted exclusively green. It is not difficult to create favorable conditions for growing wild rose in the garden, so these bushes are planted in almost every area.

Where does wild rose grow and plant characteristics

The rosehip plant belongs to the Rosaceae family, its homeland is the regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Rosehip is a wild shrub. The people often use the name - wild rose. For a long time it was used for food, medicines and paints were extracted from it, beautiful flowers and fruits served as decoration, its thorns were used as protection.

Where does wild rose grow in natural conditions? This shrub grows in the warm and temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere. Separate types rose hips penetrate north up to the Arctic Circle, and south to Ethiopia, Arabia, North India and the Philippine Islands, in North America to Mexico. Particularly favorable conditions for its growth are in the area from the Mediterranean to the Himalayas and further into East Asia where it forms extensive thickets. The largest thickets this plant can be found in regions where the steppe terrain prevails. At the same time, it will be much less in the steppe itself than in small forests and plantings growing in this territory. In addition, wild rose bushes can often be found in ravines.

As can be seen in the photo, wild rose bushes grow singly or in groups along the edges and in the undergrowth of coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, in light forests, floodplain and ravine forests, along rivers, near springs, in wet meadows, on rocky and clay cliffs, on plains and in the mountains at an altitude of up to 2200 m above sea level:

Rosehip is mainly confined to the forest zone, but forms a shrub layer in larch forests along the river valleys of the Siberian continental tundra, in the urem forests of the Trans-Ural steppes, for example, in the northern part of the valleys of the Ural and Emba rivers. Some types of wild rose form shrub areas of steppes and even deserts. Some species are found in the mountains up to the subalpine belt, up to an altitude of 2000–3500, and in tropical countries up to 4000 m above sea level.

Wild rose hips are frost-resistant, drought-resistant and undemanding to the soil. The most productive rosehip bushes are found on loamy, moderately moist soils. On dry and too wet soils, rose hips do not grow.

Here you can see photos of flowering rose hips of different types:

In the course of evolution, the wild rose has developed spines and bristles as a mechanical defense against being eaten by herbivores. But this did not prevent some animal species from adapting to this protection and thus having an advantage over other species. Camels, sheep and goats are known to easily cope with the most thorny plants. Juicy, bright rose hips that stand out against the background of green foliage serve as food for birds, mammals, rodents and reptiles. Animals leave indigestible rosehip seeds on the ground along with excrement, often at a considerable distance from the plant itself, and contribute to its spread.

Rose hips serve as food for black grouse, hazel grouse, gray partridge, gray crow, jackdaw, nutcrackers, starlings, Muscovite tit, thrush-missile. The rose hips are eaten by the hare, the yellow-throated mouse, the bank vole, and the fox. In predators such as the fox, juicy fruits are a constant admixture to animal food. The bank vole takes away seeds and succulent fruits of plants and makes small stocks of them.

Most species and varieties of wild rose in the temperate and cold zone bloom for a short time - from May to July. Subtropical wild roses bloom continuously. The fruits ripen in August, gradually acquiring a yellow, red color and remain on the branches until winter.

These photos show what the wild rose looks like in its natural habitat:

What flowers, leaves and berries of wild rose look like, photo of flowering bushes

Here you can find a botanical description of wild rose - a shrub with a height of 1 to 2 meters or more.

This photo shows that the leaves of the wild rose are complex, pinnate, have from 3 to 11 elliptical ovate leaflets:

Blossom in June - the first half of July. The fruits ripen in August - September, red, pink or dark red.

The roots penetrate to a depth of 1–2 m.

Look at the photo - rosehip flowers are regular, most often fragrant, sometimes with pronounced doubleness, collected in corymbose or paniculate inflorescences, almost always with a pleasant aroma, white, pink, purple or yellow:

The most common are the following wild roses (wild roses): R. dog (R. canina), r. daurian (R. dahurica), r. spiny (R. acicularis), p. cinnamon (R. cinnamomea), p. gray-gray (R. glauca), p. wrinkled (R. rugosa), p. femoral (R. pimpinellifolia), etc.

The most important and useful part of the wild rose is the pulp of the berries. It is in it that valuable substances and organic acids accumulate. In addition, rose hips are a storehouse of macro- and microelements: magnesium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, silicon, copper, manganese and many others. For example, these berries contain 50 times more vitamin C than lemons, 10 times more than currants, and 100 times more than apples.

How to distinguish a rose from a wild rose? Here is how a gardener with many years of experience and the author of numerous books G. A. Kizima answers this question: “Very simple. The young shoots of roses are always red, while the young shoots of wild roses are green. She then goes on to talk about proper cultivation rose hips: “All roses and wild roses prefer greasy black clays. If you don’t have any, then mix well-rotted compost, and also better manure(fresh manure cannot be brought in for planting roses!) in half with the clay that you have. It is better to plant them so that the morning, that is, the eastern sun, falls on them, and at noon there would be an openwork partial shade above them, then they will not fade and quickly fade. But it's better midday sun than penumbra. In the shade, roses bloom very poorly.

Many gardeners ask the following questions.

Why are rose hips not eaten fresh?

Raw, they are not consumed because of the hairs in the seed box. The fruits are removed until they become soft, dried and brewed with boiling water, making a vitamin drink.

How to distinguish wild rose hips from real, vitamin ones?

The fruits of this vitamin rosehip are easily distinguished from the fruits of the wild or any other rose hips by the sepals that remain on the fruits.

Pay attention to the photo - the rose hips of vitamin varieties are directed forward, while in the wild or decorative they are bent back:

Can rose hips be used as a hedge?

Of course you can. Rosehip, gradually growing, forms whole thickets, impenetrable and prickly, through which it is difficult to break through. But only this hedge must be monitored, aging stems should be cut to the ground about once every 3-4 years, otherwise your hedge will gradually turn into deadwood.

Gooseberry growing conditions, planting and care

The rosehip has important feature A: It has the ability to form new branches every year. This allows you to restore for quite short term the ground part if it was damaged or lost. It is best to plant a shrub on fertile and moisture-rich soils, as the plant is warm and light-loving. The wild rose has a low need for the duration of winter organic dormancy, therefore, with prolonged thaws, the winter hardiness of this plant usually decreases, which can lead to freezing after the onset of cold weather in spring period.

New flower buds, the basis of next year's fruiting, are partially laid on the branches of two-three-year-old branches, which have the least winter hardiness.

For ease of care when planting, rosehip seedlings are best placed on a plot with a flat surface or a gentle slope without microcavities. It is desirable that the slope of the surface is directed to the south or south-west. Valleys and floodplains with fertile soils and a high content of humus and phosphorus are also suitable for planting wild rose, if they are not flooded for a long time. Rosehip is a moisture-loving plant, so the yield will be high only if this plant is regularly provided with soil moisture.

Soil preparation should begin six months before planting. During this time, it must be carefully dug up (mid-end of summer), having previously fertilized with manure at the rate of 10–12 kg per 1 m2. Further, until autumn, you should keep the site clean from weeds and periodically loosen.

In autumn, it is necessary to dig planting pits 30 cm deep and 50 cm wide and add a kilogram of rotted manure into them. The distance between the pits in a row should be 1 m, between the rows - 3 m.

Immediately before planting, the roots of the seedlings must be dipped in a mixture of equal parts clay, humus and water. This is done to prevent them from drying out. Then the seedlings should be placed in the pits and sprinkle the roots with earth, compacting it at the same time. After this, the plants should be watered abundantly, and the soil around the seedlings should be sprinkled with dry earth and mulched with peat, sawdust or finely chopped straw. Planting is best done in the fall, before the onset of frost and freezing of the soil, or in early spring, until the buds have blossomed.

In order for the plants to better pollinate, it is necessary to plant several varieties of wild rose (2-3), alternating their rows. It is desirable to have at least one family of bees on the site, since these insects are the best pollinators for wild rose.

Rosehip has a powerful root system, it grows quickly and can be used to strengthen the soil and control soil erosion (if the need arises).

Rosehip loves lit areas where there is a lot of sunlight. It will grow best in elevated places with fertile soil that does not stagnate. ground water. Rosehip roots go very deep into the ground, so do not plant it on swampy and lowland soil - it will quickly wither and die. In terms of the growth of the root system, wild rose is similar to raspberries: after a few years of plant life, its roots grow into upper layers soil and begin to occupy vast areas. To prevent it from spreading, you need to enclose the bushes with a small ditch 20–30 cm deep or dig pieces of slate to the same depth.

Rose hips can be planted along the border personal plot(for its protection) or separate bushes in the most inconvenient places: at compost heap or next to an outbuilding.

Seedlings are planted in autumn and spring. Before planting, the site is prepared as usual. The distance between plants is 1.5–2 m. For planting, pits are dug with a diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 50 cm. The earth from the upper plant layer is mixed with 10–15 kg of organic fertilizers, 3 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate, 2 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate and 2 tbsp. spoons of urea. The prepared mixture is filled with a pit and a seedling is planted.

During the cultivation of wild rose, when caring for shrubs during the growing season, loosening the soil, thinning bushes, pruning old, weak and broken shoots, root and foliar dressings are carried out.

Root top dressing is carried out before and after flowering and after the full harvest of fruits: dilute 1 tbsp for 10 liters of water. spoons of urea, nitrophoska and 3 tbsp. spoons of liquid organic fertilizer "Effekton for berry crops". The consumption of the solution is 10–15 liters per bush.

second root dressing carried out immediately after flowering: dilute 2 tbsp. for 10 liters of water. spoons of "potassium humate" for fruit crops and 3 tbsp. spoons of liquid organic fertilizer "Effekton-2": up to 15 liters of solution are poured onto 1 bush.

The third dressing is the last: for 10 liters of water, 2 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of potassium sulfate, consumption of 10 liters per 1 bush.

To increase the yield and quality of fruits when growing wild rose, foliar top dressing is carried out after flowering 3 times with an interval of 10 days: 2 tbsp. spoons of "potassium humate" universal.

Rose hips are harmed by green rose aphids, leafworms and spider mites. Against these, wild rose is sprayed before flowering and after the fruit is fully harvested. natural remedies: take 500 g of garlic, pass through a meat grinder, then dilute this pulp in 8 liters of warm water, add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of tar or laundry soap and insist 5-6 hours, then filter and spray. This procedure is carried out before flowering, and after flowering, they are sprayed with garlic, they also take 500 g or more. effective drug Iskra DE (1 tablet per 10 liters of water).

Some types of wild rose are affected by rust. In this case, you need to sprinkle with Topaz: 1 ampoule (2 ml per 10 liters of water). From black spot, spray with 1% Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride (Hom) (20 g per 10 l of water) when signs of the disease appear.

You can see how to grow rose hips in the video below:

Varieties of wild rose: photo and description

Rose hips unite about 400 species, distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. Especially a lot of it in the north of the European part of our country, in the Middle Volga, Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East. The most pronounced medicinal properties of cinnamon rose hips (May) and wrinkled.

Behind recent times By the method of interspecific hybridization, new rosehip varieties have been created. They differ in larger size, yield and content of biologically active substances.

The most common and valuable are the following varieties:

Vitamin VNIVI, Anniversary, Large-fruited VNIVI, Vorontsovsky 1, 2, 3, Russian 2.

Anniversary

A variety of medium ripening, is a strong and powerful bush up to 1.5 m in height. The fruits of the plant are large, round-bulb, orange-red, sweet and sour in taste, rich in vitamin C.

See how beautiful the wild rose plant of this variety is during flowering - large pink flowers they look just great on the bush:

The fruits are suitable for both jam and drying.

Oval

Medium maturity variety. Rosehip bush Oval grows small, the flowers are also not too large, white. The fruits are slightly flattened, red, with thick skin and sweet juicy pulp. The variety is frost-resistant, not susceptible to diseases, insects rarely damage the bushes. Berries are most suitable for processing, but are also suitable for drying.

the globe

The variety is a medium-sized shrub up to 1.5 m high with thick branches and large flowers. The fruits are spherical, bright red, characterized by a high content of vitamin C. There are so many of them that the shoots bend under their weight. Variety Globus refers to winter-hardy. This rosehip is suitable for making jam, jam and candied fruits.

Apple

Rosehip variety Apple usually does not grow above 1.2 m, however, it is not inferior to tall varieties in terms of yield. The flowers, like the fruits, are dark red. Rose hips of this variety are large and often grow in groups of 5-7 pieces. They have a flat-round shape and a sweet and sour taste. A bush with ripe fruits looks very elegant.

Vitamin VNIVI

An early variety of wild rose with large fruits and an average ripening period. The bush can grow up to 2 cm in height. The flowers are medium-sized, pale pink, collected in inflorescences. The fruits ripen red-orange in color, oval in shape.

When describing this rosehip variety, it is worth noting that it is disease resistant, tolerates frost well, and is rarely attacked by pests. However, it is worth taking note that the variety is not self-pollinated, which means that another rosehip bush of a different variety should grow nearby.

Vorontsovsky 1

The variety is an interspecific hybrid of the Webb rose and wrinkled rose. Oval-elongated fruits are not only high in vitamin C, but also in folic acid. Orange-red berries are good for drying. From an adult bush, you can harvest up to 3 kg of crop. Fruiting is long. A variety of medium ripening, relatively cold-resistant.

Titanium

Very effective variety with powerful shoots and large fruits. Rose hips of medium ripening. In height, the bush of the plant can reach 2 m, during flowering it becomes a real decoration of the garden. The Titan variety blooms very beautifully: delicate light pink flowers. Fruits are formed by brushes of 3-5 pieces. The variety is disease resistant and cold hardy. The fruits are best suited for drying.

Ruby

Rose hip early term maturation. Refers to vigorous varieties. The flowers are small, pale pink. orange berries round-oval shape when ripe become dark red. They have a sweet and sour taste and are good for drying.

rose cinnamon

It grows as a shrub up to 2 m high with thin brown-red shoots. Spikes are whitish, curved, more often arranged in pairs, the spines of the shoots are strong to weak.

The leaves are compound, pinnate, with 3-11 leaflets elliptical or ovate.

Flowers pink, solitary or 2-3 in an inflorescence. The fruits are orange-red, of different shapes.

Cinnamon rose is photophilous, grows well on the edges of forests, forest glades, floodplains and along their banks. The life expectancy of bushes is 20–25 years with the periodic replacement of individual branches, which grow old and die off by 4–5 years of age. Under natural conditions, cinnamon rose produces 1-3 kg of fruit per bush. The plant is winter-hardy.

rose wrinkled

Distributed everywhere. It forms well-developed bushes up to 1.5 m high. The branches are winding, covered with small, brush-like thorns.

The leaves are dark green, leathery and wrinkled, by the fall they acquire a beautiful lemon yellow color.

The flowers are dark purple, red, pink, white, up to 8 cm in diameter, very fragrant, bloom in May. Flowering continues until autumn.

Rose wrinkled - remontant plant. Its fruits ripen gradually, until autumn frosts in October, but most of them ripen within 20-30 days.

As you can see in the photo, the fruits of this dog rose are red-orange, fleshy, 2–4 cm in diameter, squeezed from the poles:

This plant is more productive than cinnamon rose. From one bush you can collect up to 3-4 kg of fruit.

When propagated by seeds, seedlings can vary greatly in yield and produce low-yielding forms, so selected forms or varieties should be used. The life span of plants is up to 20–25 years, with the periodic replacement of individual branches after 6–7 years.

dog rose

It is widely distributed in the Black Earth region. It grows in the form of a powerful spreading shrub with arched greenish or red-brown shoots, up to 1.5–3 m high. Its thorns are rare, hook-shaped. Leaflets are green, elliptical in shape, acutely serrate, 5–7 per leaf.

Pay attention to the photo of this rosehip variety - its flowers with pale pink petals are quite large, up to 8 cm in diameter:

Blooms in late May early June.

The fruits of this rose are oval-ovoid, red. They are medicinal raw materials for the production of holosas. They contain a lot of seeds and are not rich in vitamin C.

The bushes of this wild rose are very good to use for rootstock when propagating garden roses.

This plant is unpretentious, winter-hardy, least of all affected by diseases and pests.

Rose Webb

The birthplace of this wild rose is Central Asia. Represented by a bush with a height of 1–2 m. Its shoots are covered with straight spikes thickened at the base. The leaves consist of 7–9 leaflets, rounded, with serrated edges. The fruits are spherical, red, fleshy, rich in vitamin C. The species is winter-hardy and unpretentious.

rose lovely

The species is represented by a bush with a height of up to 2 m. Its flowers are pink, solitary or in the form of umbrellas, medium in size, up to 5 cm in diameter. It is a good honey plant and has excellent decorative qualities.

Look at the photo - wild rose bushes of this variety look great on alpine hills:

Rose needle

A shrub with a height of up to 2.5 m, the shoots of which are very densely covered with thin needle-like thorns. The flowers are small and medium, pink, pale pink, violet-pink, sometimes white. The fruits of this species are red-cherry in color and of various shapes: elliptical, pear-shaped, oblong and ovoid, spherical.

Rose rusty red

The species is represented by a bush, the young shoots of which are very densely covered with thorns of various sizes, they can be straight and curved. The flowers of this plant are bright pink in color, collected in dense corymbs. The fruits are orange-red. Distinctive feature this rosehip is strong aroma fresh apples, which comes from the leaves, on the glandular hairs of the latter are drops of fragrant resin.

rose apple

The species is represented by a rather tall shrub, with a height of up to 3 m. The leaves consist of oblong-oval leaflets. Flowers with a pink corolla. The fruits are quite large, almost the size of a wild apple, from which the species got its name.

Pay attention to the photo of this variety of wild rose - when its fruits ripen, they are yellow with toasty sides:

Rosa Daurskaya

The species is widespread in the Far East. It is represented by a short, highly branched shrub with a height of up to 1.5 m. Its shoots are covered with protruding, slightly curved thorns. Flowers medium size, up to 4 cm in diameter, solitary or in inflorescences, pink or dark pink. The fruits are dark red, spherical-ovoid.

Rose alpine The species is represented by a low-growing bush with a height of no more than 1 m. Its distinguishing feature is that its shoots do not have any thorns, so the saying goes in vain that there is no rose without thorns. This wild rose grows in the mountains of Central Europe.

The photo of this type of wild rose shows that its fruits have an elongated spindle-shaped shape, are painted dark red, and look like earrings on the shoots:

rose french

The species is distributed in southern Europe, in the south of Ukraine and the European part of Russia. It is represented by a low-growing bush with a growth height of less than 1 m, with few branches, often forming entire thickets. It is the founder of many varieties of garden roses. The shoots are densely dotted with small spines and thorns. Flowers are large, bright red.

Here you can see a selection of photos of varieties and types of wild rose presented above:

The use of rose hips

Rosehip is a shrub from the pink family, which is popular with gardeners due to its external data and healing properties. This plant is widely used in medicine, and not only in folk medicine. Rosehips contain many health benefits human body vitamins and substances (ascorbic, malic, citric, linoleic, oleic and other acids, flavonoids, pectins, tannins, vitamins B1, B2, P, PP, A, K, E, salts of iron, phosphorus, manganese, etc. ).

For medicinal purposes, rose hips are best harvested in September. But it should be remembered that over time, the amount of vitamin C in berries decreases, and the amount of sugars increases. Moreover, this transformation is visible to the naked eye: the fruits begin to darken over time, especially autumn frosts and the first frosts contribute to this.

Rose hips are valuable ornamental shrubs suitable for single and group plantings, creations, borders.

Jam is made from petals of wild rose flowers, and raw materials for the perfume industry are obtained.

They are rootstocks for cultivars of roses. In medicine, rose hips are used as a vitamin raw material.

Rosehip is a wonderful honey plant, its beautiful and fragrant flowers attract many bees to the garden.

In autumn, rose hips will also decorate the site with bright fruits and foliage, in addition, its berries attract birds, which in turn will help you in the fight against pests in the garden and vegetable garden.

Pruning wild rose bushes (with photo and video)

In the first year after planting, rose hips are formed like ordinary roses. Remember that all types of wild rose need shaping and pruning, but almost no pruning is required. wrinkled and r. prickly. The shoot-forming ability of wild roses is high. In the first year of cultivation, young plants are heavily pruned, stimulating the mighty growth of basal shoots and the formation of a bush with shoots evenly spaced along the periphery of the crown. When pruning, weakly growing wild roses are pruned much more strongly than vigorously growing ones.

For almost all types of wild rose, thinning of the bushes is necessary after some time. To do this, almost all old branches are cut to the soil level and 5-6 healthy strong shoots are re-formed.

At the end of flowering, the rose hips shorten the shoots. In tall bushes with bare branches, each is cut to half the length. In the middle lane, it is best to do this in April.

Rose hips are pruned either in autumn, after leaf fall, or in spring, before bud break.

Formation is completed in the fourth year. After that, you can begin the annual pruning of unproductive branches, which are replaced by new ones formed from renewal shoots. When pruning, you should follow the basic rules, which boil down to the following:

1. Remove broken, heavily thickening bush and oppressed young branches.

2. Cut out low gains, unproductive obsolete branches, especially if they have a large number of dried fruit branches.

3. Cut off excess annual branches if they are not necessary to replace the old ones.

4. All branches frozen after the winter cold should be cut at soil level.

Watch the video "Pruning the wild rose" to better understand how to properly form a shrub:

Methods for propagating rose hips with seeds, seedlings and offspring (with video)

There are three ways to propagate wild rose: seeds, seedlings and root offspring.

Reproduction by seeds. It is advisable to collect seeds for planting in August, from unripe brown fruits. At this time, the seed coat has not yet had time to harden, so they will germinate better. The seeds themselves can be planted both in spring and autumn, but it is better in autumn period. Sprinkle rows with planted seeds with humus and sawdust. In early spring, in order for the seeds to germinate better, you need to install a frame with a plastic film stretched over it. When the first two leaves appear on the seedlings, they can be seated.

The video of dogrose propagation by seeds shows how this agricultural technique is performed:

Propagation by seedlings. Rosehip seedlings take root best when autumn planting. It is desirable to plant them in October - November. Make a pit for planting with a depth of 20–22 cm. If the soil is acidic at the planting site, additionally apply lime fertilizers, add compost and rotted manure. Before planting, cut the seedlings short so that the thick branches are no more than 8-10 cm long. For better survival, root cuts can be made. To do this, shorten the roots to 15–20 cm. Then immerse the roots of the seedling in a clay mash and plant them, having previously straightened the roots, into the prepared pit. The neck of the rhizome of the seedling should be 5–8 cm below the level of the soil surface. After planting, water the seedling with water and sprinkle the surface with sawdust or peat.

Reproduction by root suckers. If you need to preserve the signs of the mother bush, another method of reproduction is useful - root offspring. It is necessary to harvest them from the healthiest and most productive bushes, late autumn or in early spring. This is usually done in two ways. In the first option, an offspring 25–40 cm high is selected and separated with a shovel from the mother bush. You can do this both in autumn and in spring. Using the second method, the adnexal bush is not separated, but periodically spud and watered. Due to this treatment, adventitious roots begin to form in the offspring bush. The next year, in the fall, the bush is separated from the mother plant, but not transplanted, but left in place until spring. In the spring, it is transplanted to a new place, while trying not to damage the rhizomes of the seedling.

Description of the collection and drying of rose hips (with photo)

Rose hips are harvested only in dry weather so that the berries are not saturated with moisture. It is recommended to pluck them together with the stalk and calyx, which are easily disposed of after drying. It is advisable to stop your choice on finally ripened or somewhat overripe fruits. They are distinguished by bright orange, red-orange or red color. The ripening of various varieties of this plant occurs in late summer - early autumn. When describing the collection of rose hips, it is worth noting that by choosing the right time for harvesting, one can expect one hundred percent success when drying it. It is in ripe berries that the greatest amount of healing substances accumulate, and when dry, they acquire a special aroma and sweet taste.

After the rosehip crop is harvested, it is prepared for drying. To do this, the berries are sorted and get rid of spoiled, rotten or affected by insects. The receptacle and stalks must be left, because without them, due to a break during drying, a considerable proportion of the juice will be lost.

Rose hips are carefully sorted out and washed with running water in a colander. It is advisable to do this even in cases where the crop was harvested outside the urban area: a lot of harmful inorganic substances found in rainwater, as well as dust settle on the berries everywhere. To dry the fruits in less time, they are pre-filled hot water for twenty minutes. Many rosehip lovers even add a little sugar to this. As a result of this soaking, at the end of drying, the berries become much sweeter. Washed and peeled rose hips are dried from moisture in a well-ventilated area for about an hour. To speed up the drying process, wet berries are wiped with paper towels. Sometimes the berries are cut in half so that they dry out faster in the oven. And if there is time and desire, even before the wild rose is dried, it can be cleaned of all seeds. In such cases, after drying, the berries can be used not only for making medicinal tea, but also as a filling for pies.

Highly important point: during drying, the berries should not be exposed to direct sunlight, since in this case most of the vitamins are destroyed.

You can dry the berries in the oven. Prepared fruits in one layer are laid out on a baking sheet or a special grill. Well, if they do not touch each other. A baking sheet with fruits is placed in the oven, which must initially be cold. Indeed, otherwise, the rosehip berries may lose a large amount of juice and become covered with a too hard shell, which, during the drying process, will not allow moisture to escape. As a result, the fruits will be raw inside and may rot in storage. It is also important to know that the temperature in the oven should increase gradually - starting from room temperature and reaching sixty degrees. The preservation of useful properties in berries depends on this, and they are destroyed from a sharp change in the temperature regime. Total time drying fruits in the oven lasts about eight hours, depending on the size of the fruits and the thickness of the shell: small ones will reach the condition faster. Since the rosehip is dried for a long time, it must be constantly stirred for uniform drying. In the oven
Have necessarily must be air circulation, to leave moisture. To do this, open the oven door. It is best when the oven is already equipped with a convection function. But if it is missing, you can put a fan near the oven door.