What fertilizers are applied to the soil in the fall in the garden? How to get a good harvest without manure: alternative types of fertilizers for spring top dressing.

I live in the village. I moved from the city to the countryside and for the fourth year now I have been mastering the charms and difficulties of village life. Now spring has come, and the main thing we have is a vegetable garden. Urban fashionable conversations on topics that manure is so useful and whether to replace it with green manure, in our village they don’t lead. There is manure - there will be a harvest.

country classic

All Newest technologies cultivating the land is not for our villagers. Here they acted and act in the old fashioned way.

From fertilizers - only manure.

In autumn, after harvesting, they plow the ground on a horse or walk-behind tractor and spread manure on top. In the spring, manure is scattered again and plowed again. No crop rotation. Potatoes for years in the same field, in the beds are always the same garlic, cabbage, onions, beets and carrots.

In the greenhouse - cucumbers with tomatoes. When summer residents appeared and along with them black spandbond-lutrasil, the villagers began to use it - to plant strawberries on it. Apple trees are never fed or watered. Raspberries and currants are also not particularly worried. And everything grows and bears fruit. True, every year is different. But it is written off on the nature and weather.

The next door neighbor

One of my neighbors, a summer resident from the regional center, has vast experience in dealing with the land. Her garden is a picture: not a single extra blade of grass in the beds, and the paths between them are trampled down as if they were specially compacted. In greenhouses - thickets of cucumbers and tomatoes. Strawberries are the sea, zucchini are giants, onions are the size of an orange. The reason is increased nutrition. Literally everything is used here: manure, grass infusion, and chemical fertilizers. Now, in April, a neighbor from morning to evening with a shovel is intensively digging up all the beds.

garden experiment

My other neighbor, a resident of the capital, loves experiments. One day she was planting potatoes in straw. Alas, that summer there was an invasion of water rats and shrews - they ate everything. But the pumpkins last summer were a success. The experiment is as follows: they cut the grass and left it, put several layers of newspaper on top, then a couple of buckets of earth, make holes and plant a pumpkin seed.

I love high beds. Did them in the following way: I dig a groove 30 cm deep, put branches, old boards, rags, grass, ash, a little earth on top and cover everything with spandbond. Tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, physalis grow well.

Fertilizer with manure - bet on organic matter

However, whatever the beds and experiments, the earth still "wants to eat" in order to please us with a good harvest. In our village, they remember the old saying: "The earth is mother, and manure is father." Therefore, I also trust the classics. Forget about chemical fertilizers and concentrate on manure. The introduction of manure has little effect on the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer, but phosphorus and potash fertilizers weaken against the background of manure. You should always choose one thing, the earth does not need excesses.

Manure is a complete organic fertilizer, contains all the nutrients necessary for the plant and is a very effective remedy.

What is valuable in it? Magnesium and calcium reduce soil acidity. Microorganisms increase biological activity. Potassium and phosphorus are found in manure in a form available to plants. Manure nitrogen remains in the soil for a long time. Released from manure into the soil a large number of carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis and heat transfer.

Sometimes it is difficult to apply the exact amount of manure to the soil. In this case, I have a cheat sheet, I share:

The 10 liter bucket contains:

• 8 kg of fresh horse manure,
• 5 kg of manure on a bed of sawdust,
• 9 kg fresh cow dung,
• 5 kg of bird droppings,
• 7 kg of humus,
• 12 kg of slurry.

What kind of manure can fertilize the garden

Horse dung- the best. Great for greenhouses and greenhouses. Already a week after laying in the greenhouse, its temperature rises to 60 °. It lasts for more than a month, and then drops to 30 °.

rabbit dung practically in no way inferior to the horse. But this is a rarer option, we have few rabbit farms.

Goat and sheep manure is also an excellent material for biological heating. in early spring.

cow dung- warms up only to 50 ° and cools down after a week.

Pig manure - similar in quality to cow manure, it is better to use both of them for later greenhouses and greenhouses when the sun comes up.

bird droppings- effective, but use in excessive amounts can damage both the aerial parts and the roots of plants. From bird droppings, goose and duck droppings act more gently.

Assorted from different types of manure- welcome.

Dunginstruction

Manure is stored in dense piles without oxygen access and loose heaps with air access. The first option, I think, is better. So it is better to save all of it beneficial features. The term of overheating of manure is up to six months.

I defend the liquid manure mass before use. Then I put the solid sediment into the soil, and dilute the remaining liquid with water 5-6 times and water the plants with it. It's basically nitrogen-potassium fertilizer. It goes very well with cabbage and root crops. Just make sure the plants are well watered first. Love this kind of food fruit crops. It can even be sprayed on plants with powdery mildew.

How and how much to apply manure

Making manure in the garden and in the garden - sharing experience

The worms are roaring - the earth is resting!

In autumn I buy a fresh manure machine. I make a litter of straw and grass, I put the brought manure on it. I put cabbage leaves, carrot tops, etc. on this pile. I periodically water a bunch, I cook food for earthworms. Please note: fresh cattle manure should lie for at least six months, rabbit manure - two to three weeks, and pig manure - a year and a half.

In spring and summer, I also periodically water a bunch. In July-August, I populate with earthworms, which I dig out on the site or take from the heap of the previous year. Worms are the best doctors, cooks and tasters of the earth in the world. There are California worms, they are more efficient, but too capricious - they need a certain temperature.

When I harvest tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and other vegetables, I do not uproot them, but cut them down with a shovel or an ax: there are a lot of earthworms on the roots. In autumn, they begin their breeding season.

So, preparatory work over, now we start preparing the soil for the new season. Consider this on the example of winter garlic. When and how to plant winter garlic, wrote more than once. But what to do then?

Taking into account our climate, I harvest garlic on July 15-20. I dig the vacated area onto the bayonet of a shovel. I throw the earth on the side of the road - it turns out a trench. In this trench I lay the green mass of grass, straw. I strongly trample down with my feet and bring in the compost along with earthworms taken from the heap of the previous year. Compost rate - 20 kg per 1 sq. m, as recommended by scientists.

I fill the trench with earth, and in the next one I again lay grass, straw, I bring in compost. That's it: the plot has been dug up and fertilized. Now I take a rake and all the harrow. I water the soil well. After 2-3 days again harrowed soil so that there is no crust. Now the plot will rest. Depending on the weather conditions, after 10-12 days I water it again. Then the harrow, destroying the crust and the weeds that have appeared, I give air access to the ground.

This care lasts until autumn. The earth-worker is resting and gaining strength for the future harvest. I do not use any fertilizers, except for the infusion of bird droppings, mullein and herbs.

The main thing: no one prepares the soil better than earthworms. We considered the example with winter garlic, but in the same way we are preparing the soil freed from under early potatoes and other early cultures. Depending on the soil, I repeat the process every 3-5 years.

Yuri Petrovich ZINENKO.

5 rolls 75 pcs. print garbage bag from…

The content of nutrients in manure - potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus salts is high, therefore this type of organic additive is called complete. Most of all, nitrogen and potassium, phosphorus compounds are less, so cattle excrement is sometimes combined with other fertilizers of organic or artificial origin. The presence of nutrients depends on the method of storage of the substance.

The introduction of animal waste into the soil allows you to increase the yield not only in the current season, but also in subsequent years, therefore this species fertilizer can be called economical.

Benefits of organic soil fertilizer

The use of animal waste products is useful not only for plants. Thanks to plant residues and other chemicals in the excrement, microflora actively reproduces in the soil.

Soil microorganisms are involved in the process of mineralization, which begins from the second month after fertilization. First, the number of ammonifying bacteria, actinomycetes, increases. Then their number decreases, but the population of phosphobacteria increases.

For example:

• ammonifying bacteria in semi-decomposed manure contains more than 2 million in 1 gram, after 2 - 3 years their number is reduced by a third;

• phosphobacteria in fresh matter is slightly more than 2 million, in half-rotted 58 million, in rotted - 157 million in 1 gram.

When fertilizer enters the soil, the number of bacteria increases from 3 to 20 times, which prevents the loss of nutrients, as soil microorganisms begin to process them and convert them into a form that is faster and better absorbed by plants.

Video: When and what kind of manure can be brought into the garden

The process of activation of microflora is faster if nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are applied to the soil simultaneously with manure.

The presence of humus in the soil is the main condition for the harvest. The introduction of manure into the soil in autumn increases the amount of humus - organic matter, a decomposition product of plant and animal residues and microorganisms. The composition of humus includes humic and humic acids, humin.

The substance is black, so it is believed that the blacker the soil, the higher the yield. The highest content of the substance in the chernozem soil. Microorganisms and fungi process organic matter into simpler compounds. For example, earthworm excrement is humus.

But in order for the soil to be loose, a large amount of organic matter must enter the soil - ash, green manure, cattle waste, so that microorganisms have a source of nutrition.

The number of soil bacteria can be maintained with special EO preparations, but when using mineral fertilizers alone, a constant amount of microflora cannot be achieved, since there is no plant nutrition for it.

Important! To support the activity of soil bacteria and earthworms, it is necessary to introduce plant or animal organic matter into the soil every two years - mullein, plant remains, ashes, bone waste

Types of manure depending on the conditions of livestock

In the household, cow (mullein), horse, sheep (dung), pig manure with straw bedding are used. Species differ in the number of nutrients, consistency. Depending on the conditions of keeping the animals, the fertilizer contains impurities of straw, sawdust or other substances.

• nitrogen compounds;

• phosphoric acid;

• magnesia;

• sodium salts;

• potassium salts.

In order to subsequently use the manure as fertilizer, the animals are bedded with straw. Losses of nitrogen substances, ammonia, depend on the presence or absence of the plant component of manure, which has a porous structure and absorbs chemical substances. The stalks of wheat or rye have a structure in the form of a hollow tube, where slurry lingers and lasts longer.

Mullein

The barn with cows is cleaned mainly in summer. At the same time, fertilizers are harvested for use next year. Can fresh manure be applied in autumn? It is possible, then only in clean beds. Ammonia has a depressing effect on plants, so its spring use is dangerous.

You can not calculate with the dosage and burn root system. During the winter, excess ammonia evaporates, the rest of the substance is processed by soil microorganisms, and in spring the plants receive good nutrition.

The composition of cow manure includes animal urine, which is the main supplier of nitrogen. The more bedding you use, the more fertilizer you can get because plant remains decompose over time and also serve as food for plants.

Cow dung decomposes more slowly than other types, so it can be applied less often. This property has found application in sandy soils where the nutrient content is rapidly declining. Slow mineralization of substances from mullein allows plants to receive nutrition regularly throughout the entire growing season.

Horse dung

It is considered a higher quality fertilizer, as horse feed is more expensive. Therefore, feces contain more useful substances. After cleaning the stables, the excrement is piled in a pile, where, in the absence of special measures to preserve the nutritional components, they disappear.

Pig manure

The difference between pig waste and horse waste is that pig manure decomposes for a very long time. It depends on the chemical composition excrement - most of all from enzymatic substances. To accelerate the decay of residues in the soil or in compost heap, pig manure is mixed with horse manure, if possible.

The consistency of pig waste is more liquid, so pigs are supposed to lay more straw to collect manure for fertilizer.

By nature, pigs excrete more urine than feces. To retain ammonia, a porous or tubular material is needed. In extreme cases, sawdust, which also absorbs nitrogen substances well.

Sheep

Is it possible to apply mutton manure in autumn and under what plants?

Sheep feces are not very valuable in horticulture as a fertilizer, as the animals excrete little urine, therefore, all the ammonia is in the manure. The remaining substances - potassium, phosphoric acid are present in sufficient quantities.

Faeces do not mix well with bedding material, but decompose quickly. Any type of manure is used to form humus in the soil. If necessary, feed the plants with mineral fertilizers. Suitable for any crops - vegetable, ornamental, but it is better to use in combination with minerals.

Stages of decomposition: fresh manure, semi-decomposed, humus

Manure is considered fresh if it was laid down no more than 6 months ago. During storage, it is turned over several times to ensure oxygen access. In the process of caking, manure releases a large amount of heat - it burns.

The temperature rises to 70 degrees and plant residues are burned, turning into a homogeneous mass. Under the influence of temperature, larvae and eggs of helminths, seeds of weeds die. The fertilizer becomes safe to use.

But this happens a year later, after the manure is stacked and covered with a peat layer to reduce the loss of volatile substances. Therefore, a semi-decomposed substance is more expensive than a fresh one. It is called semi-rotted manure.

Semi-rotted manure contains about 75% water, that is, it is loose and uniform in structure. Suitable for all plants and soils. The volume of semi-decomposed substance is 50% of the original amount.

Decomposed excrement is 1.5 - 2 years old. After another six months, the substance turns into humus, the volume of which decreases three to four times, but this fraction is considered the most environmentally friendly and nutritious.

How to prepare humus - storage conditions

During storage, it is important to preserve the nutrients that the plants will consume. To do this, it is better to use the cold method, in which the loss of substances is not more than 1%. For this, special storage facilities are equipped in which manure is poured with earth or peat.

Peat is the most valuable material, as it is able to absorb water 7 times its own weight. In this way, decomposing excrement is absorbed into the peat litter and nutrients are not lost.

Video: Basics of manure-humus

It is not advisable to store manure in small piles. In winter, the moisture is weathered, and the substance freezes through. In a large pile, the preservation of organic matter is higher.

Most of the losses occur from among the nitrogen compounds. You can avoid it as follows: add phosphate rock. Nitrogen substances in a chemical reaction combine with phosphorus, which is of great value to plants.

Mullein fertilizer in autumn: rules and features

Applying manure in the fall makes it easier to fertilize the land. When it is better to apply manure to the soil - in autumn or spring - depends on what kind of fertilizer is available: rotted or fresh. The fresh substance is not dangerous when fertilizing empty beds. Behind winter period the litter is completely dissolved, and the loss of nutrients is not more than 1%, as in the cold storage method.

Fresh manure in the fall in the country stimulates the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, so potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers will grow well in such a garden - plants that need nitrogen in large quantities.

How to properly apply humus to the soil autumn:

• it is better not to leave humus on the surface - it is mixed with soil or buried;

• you can prepare trenches and fill the substance there, then close it with earth.

How to properly introduce fresh excrement:

• in the form of a solution - 1 shovel per bucket of water;

• in a mixture with mineral fertilizers;

• dry, dug with soil.

Dry dosage of organic fertilizer 1 bucket per 1 square meter. It is impossible to use alkaline organic or mineral substances together with fresh manure - ash, lime. Chemical reaction neutralization can reduce the nutritional value of nitrogen components, and plants will turn yellow.

Manure fertilization in spring

AT spring period use semi-rotted, rotted manure or compost.

The best option is one or two years. Such fertilizer is applied immediately to the wells, without fear of harming the process of root formation. Fresh mullein must lie in the soil for at least 3 weeks. Only then can plants be planted. In 3-4 weeks, excess ammonia disappears, some of the organic matter has time to be processed by soil workers - bacteria, fungi and worms.

It must be borne in mind that after applying fresh manure, there will be a lot of work to remove weeds in the garden. 1 kg contains more than 7,000 weed seeds.

If in the spring you need to use fresh cow dung urgently, because the planting dates are violated, you can mix ordinary wood ash with the mullein - about 1 cup per bucket. This will reduce acidity and protect the roots.

How to use humus correctly

Humus gives a good effect on depleted and heavy soils: sandstone, clay, loam. It is advisable to observe the dosage, since the excess of the amount of fertilizer adversely affects the development of plants. Optimal quantity 2 - 3 tons per hundred square meters.

You can not overdo the humus. The maximum age should not exceed 3 years, since further oxidation of the substances that make up the composition occurs, the destruction of organic matter and the loss of nutrients. Fertilizers are the most useful aged 1 - 2 years.

In the spring, along with the awakening of nature, summer residents also become more active, because the hot season is coming. To obtain good harvest in the fall, it is necessary from the beginning of the season to prepare the soil for future beds, picking up the necessary fertilizers in required quantities. At the same time, the needs of the crops with which they plan to plant the beds are taken into account. Experienced gardeners know how to feed the garden and how to do it right. A similar question arises, as a rule, for beginners who decide to master the science of growing vegetables and flowers on their site. The need to fertilize the land is dictated by the annual depletion of resources. If you do not enrich the soil with useful nutrients, then the yield will decrease every year.

Experts consider the spring season the most favorable time for applying all types of fertilizers to the soil: organic, necessarily pre-prepared, mineral, taken in strictly defined doses, as well as their mixtures. Start the procedure after the completion of the melting of the snow cover. Some amateur gardeners practice spreading top dressing over the snow, but with this method, the introduced substances can “float away” from the site along with melt water.

Fruit trees can be fed without waiting for the near-stem soil to completely thaw. Vegetable and flower crops are recommended to be fed immediately before planting. In order not to forget what fertilizers, where and when to apply, you need to make a plan in advance. In this case, all plants are guaranteed to receive the necessary trace elements in the optimal amount for their development.

When depositing funds, you cannot act on the principle: the more, the better. Because organic and mineral substances introduced in excess can adversely affect the condition of the crops grown. Mineral and mixed top dressings require special care. When working with these types, you must follow the doses indicated on the label.

Organic top dressing: advantages and disadvantages

Organic include:

• manure or humus;
• bird droppings"
• peat;
• compost.

Organics, which loosen the soil perfectly, contain many useful trace elements. In the village, these fertilizers are in abundance in every farmstead, so they can be bought inexpensively. Considering that organic matter is applied once every three years, too much money will not be required for this. The best effect on soil fertility is humus (rotted manure), which is scattered over the site for three to four weeks before digging the earth and planting vegetables.

For spring application to the soil, pre-prepared organic fertilizers are suitable. Decomposed manure, which has turned into humus in a couple of years, increases the fertility of the land many times

A ten-liter bucket of humus is distributed on one square meter of the garden, which can be replaced with peat or compost. Here's how to make your own compost:

Organic top dressing, in addition to obvious advantages, has a number of disadvantages, namely:

• some substances (fresh manure, bird droppings) can simply "burn" the roots of plants;
• a large amount of funds that need to be delivered to the site and distributed with a lot of physical effort;
• the danger of infection with vegetable flies onions and carrots;
• problems with the search in the absence of nearby farms and personal farmsteads;
• strong specific odour.

Is there some more interesting method Mitlider, more on the video:

Here is another video example independent production fertilizers:

Minerals - the key to high yields

It is easier to work with mineral fertilizers, as they are sold in concentrated form in all specialized stores. However, when calculating the volume of their introduction, special care must be taken. The dosages recommended by the manufacturers should be followed, depending on the needs of the crops grown in a particular place. garden plot. Granular phosphorus and nitrogen supplements are applied in accordance with established norms into the soil in the spring just before digging it. In this case, useful trace elements will be in close proximity to the root system of plants. The recommended depth of the granules is approximately 20 cm.

Many gardeners are biased towards mineral nutrition, believing that "chemistry" is harmful to the earth and the plants growing on it. Of course, the structure of the soil does not improve from the introduction mineral resources. For this purpose, organic matter is needed. But plants get access to all the trace elements necessary for growth, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium-based preparations contribute to faster fruit ripening. Complex fertilizers, which include two or even three components in their composition, are able to satisfy the need of plants for all nutrients. Complex top dressing available as a liquid or granules.

Mineral fertilizers in granules are applied in the spring in strictly defined doses to the soil, thereby providing the plants with all the necessary nutrients.

For ten square meters gardens in the spring usually make:

• 300–350 g of nitrogen supplements (ammonium nitrate, urea or urea);
• 250 g - phosphorus agents;
• 200 g - potassium substances that can be replaced with wood ash.

In summer, during intensive plant growth, top dressing is repeated, but the dose of all fertilizers is reduced three times.

Granular superphosphate is a universal nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer suitable for use on all types of soil. Provides nutrition for crops grown in the country or garden

Unlike organic fertilizers mineral complexes must be applied to the soil annually. And financial resources for the purchase of mineral dressings must be allocated from family budget more. Naturally, the return on investment will not have to wait long. In autumn, the site will delight you with a rich harvest, and flower crops will begin to bring aesthetic pleasure even earlier.

Cherry tomatoes differ from their large counterparts not only in the small size of the berries. Many varieties of cherry are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. Anyone who has never tasted such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual Exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.

I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but one wonders how different petunias of the past are from today's many-sided hybrids! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods, combined with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, a very nutritious snack is obtained, which is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken fillet in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a spark, use hot chili.

The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or a private house, this is not so easy to do. Certainly, everyone experienced gardener there is a proven way to grow seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The task of indoor plants in the house is to decorate the house with its appearance, to create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only watering on time, although this is also important. It is necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural in this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.

Tender chicken breast cutlets with champignons are easy to prepare according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, this is not so! Chicken meat contains practically no fat, which is why it is dry. But, if you add cream to the chicken fillet, White bread and mushrooms with onions, you get awesome tasty cutlets that both children and adults will like. In the mushroom season, try adding forest mushrooms to the minced meat.

A beautiful garden that blooms throughout the season is unimaginable without perennials. These flowers do not require such attention as annuals, are frost-resistant, and only sometimes need a little shelter for the winter. Different types of perennials do not bloom at the same time, and the duration of their flowering can vary from one week to 1.5–2 months. In this article, we suggest recalling the most beautiful and unpretentious perennial flowers.

seeds poor germination- common for Russian market. Normally, the germination of cabbage should be at least 60%. It is often written on seed bags that the germination rate is almost 100%, although in practice it is already good if at least 30% of the seeds come out of such a package. That is why it is so important to choose the right supplier. In this article, we will consider varieties and hybrids. white cabbage who deservedly received the love of gardeners.

All gardeners strive to get fresh, environmentally friendly and fragrant vegetables from the garden. Relatives happily accept homemade dishes from their potatoes, tomatoes and salads. But there is a way to showcase your culinary prowess to even greater effect. To do this, it is worth trying to grow a few fragrant plants that will give your dishes new tastes and aromas. What greens in the garden can be considered the best from the point of view of a culinary specialist?

Radish salad with egg and mayonnaise, which I made from Chinese radish. This radish is often called Loba radish in our stores. Outside, the vegetable is covered with a light green peel, and in the cut it turned out to be pink flesh that looks exotic. It was decided, when cooking, to focus on the smell and taste of the vegetable, and make a traditional salad. It turned out very tasty, we didn’t catch any “nutty” notes, but it was nice to eat a light spring salad in winter.

Graceful perfection of radiant white flowers on tall pedicels and huge shiny dark leaves of eucharis give it the appearance of a classic star. AT room culture this is one of the most famous bulbous. Few plants cause so much controversy. For some, eucharis bloom and delight completely effortlessly, for others long years do not produce more than two leaves and appear stunted. Amazon lily is very difficult to classify as unpretentious plants.

Kefir Pizza Pancakes are delicious pancakes with mushrooms, olives and mortadella that are easy to make in less than half an hour. Don't always have time to cook yeast dough and turn on the oven, and sometimes you want to eat a slice of pizza without leaving your home. In order not to go to the nearest pizzeria, wise housewives came up with this recipe. Fritters like pizza - great idea for a quick dinner or breakfast. As a filling we use sausage, cheese, olives, tomatoes, mushrooms.

Growing vegetables at home feasible task. The main thing is desire and a little patience. Most greens and vegetables can be successfully grown on an urban balcony or kitchen window sill. There are advantages here compared to growing in open field: in such conditions your plants are protected from low temperatures, many diseases and pests. And if your loggia or balcony is glazed and insulated, then you can grow vegetables practically all year round

We grow many vegetable and flower crops in seedlings, which allows us to get more early harvest. But create ideal conditions very difficult: lack of sunlight for plants, dry air, drafts, untimely watering, soil and seeds may initially contain pathogenic microorganisms. These and other reasons often lead to depletion, and sometimes to the death of young seedlings, because it is most sensitive to adverse factors.

During the spring season, all gardeners and gardeners live according to the principle - the day feeds the year. Indeed, in this short period of time, the foundation of the future harvest is laid. By applying fertilizer in the spring to the soil, it is possible to provide plant nutrition for the entire growing season. This is one of the most important top dressings, which fills the earth with basic nutrients, which should be enough until the fall.

The most important thing at the beginning of the growing season - help plants provide fast growth and development. These two interdependent processes develop in parallel. The main principle when fertilizing the soil in spring is to correctly start the mechanism of biocenosis between plants and soil microorganisms, correctly choosing agrochemicals and natural top dressing.

The period before spring plowing is the most responsible. At this time, first of all, those fertilizers that will be needed by plants at the start are introduced into the ground. They can be either , or . What to choose depends on the personal preferences of the gardener, and on the level of complexity of the tasks. But the best solution would be competent combination of these two types of top dressing.

Organics for spring application

Folk wisdom says: "Prepare the sleigh in the summer, and the cart in the winter." This proverb perfectly characterizes the principles spring fertilizer soil. Organic fertilizers harvested since autumn will be very useful now, because you can start spreading them over the beds as soon as the snow melts, and everything will be ready for spring plowing.

How to make compost for spring?

The most important thing in this process is to ensure high temperatures in the pile, as they catalyze the decomposition reaction. A pile of tree foliage (except oak), garden tops, mowed and household residues accumulates all summer. It is not rational to burn organic garbage, because it can be used to make excellent fertilizers. There are many compost recipes, but some are especially popular.

Peat-dung

Peat is composted with manure to reduce nitrogen loss, and for the transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds into a form available to plants. The formula of this compost is simple - 1 part of peat is taken for one part of manure. They are laid in alternating layers, 20-25 cm thick. It is not necessary to compact the collar, but it does not hurt to cover it. This substrate is improved by adding phosphorite flour, about 25 kg per ton of compost. This recipe is used to make natural fertilizer, which is very useful for. Using it, you can achieve an increase in the number of ovaries of berries in early June, when they are laid.

Made

Why carry household waste to the trash if you can make an excellent fertilizer out of it? Good owners make excellent compost from organic residues.

Grass, leaves, potato peelings, tops of tomatoes, tea leaves and other waste rammed into a wooden or plastic composter, and watered with slurry throughout the summer. It is not necessary to cover this pile, as there is an excess of nitrogen in the vegetable compost, and if you plan to use it to fertilize the soil next spring, then you need to get rid of some of this chemical element. To bring to the condition of the prefabricated compost substrate, add to it mineral supplements. These are phosphorus - 5 kg per ton, and lime - 10 kg per ton.

Vermicultured

Fertilizer is created using earthworm culture, and contains products of processing of organic substances. To get such a highly nutritious compost, you need to make a box with a good ventilation system and fill it with a source of dietary fiber for worms - paper, straw, dry grass. On top of this heap is poured a small amount of land, and watered with water (all contents should get wet well). One day after the procedure, worms are planted in the box.

In a container with this living substrate several times a week, it is necessary to put food waste - fruit peels, potato peels, tea brewing. In order for this compost to be applied in the spring under the plants, it must be prepared no later than the end of February - the beginning of March.

Manure

The most important rule is it is impossible to make fresh manure for spring soil fertilization. It will "burn" young sprouts, due to the high content of uric acid and other aggressive elements in it. It is best to use this substrate in a well-rotted state when the most of harmful impurities.

Manure is used for fertilizer large areas by the continuous application method. If in industrial agriculture this process is automated and carried out using special equipment, then in the garden you can get by with a bucket and a rake, which should be used to break large pieces and evenly distribute the substrate over the soil surface. In this way, lawns are fertilized in the spring, when it has not yet begun. active growth herbs.

Well-rotted manure is a versatile solution for fertilizing the soil in spring. It is submitted under fruit trees- 1-3 buckets for one, for berry bushes (currants, gooseberries) - 0.5-1 bucket.

Peat

This swamp organic is perfect for use as a lawn base., which is laid in the spring. The technology is simple - you need to remove upper layer turf at the place where it is planned to create a lawn, and cover the vacated space with a layer of peat. After that, it should be sprinkled with earth and rolled. A day later, you can start planting grass seeds.

On such a substrate, the lawn grows quickly and evenly. Common fescue, which serves as the basis of most popular lawns, is very fond of peat top dressing.

But this highly nutritious organic matter is useful not only for herbaceous plants. In spring, peat is useful both in the garden and in the garden. For example, it can be applied under pears and (at least 3 years old) as a trunk circle mulch, which after watering will serve as an additional source of nutrition.

Organic fertilizers - less is better

When fertilizing the soil in the spring with organic matter, there are some limitations. If you make an excess amount of natural fertilizers, then you can destroy young seedlings that have just been planted in the ground.

With an excess of organic fertilizers of animal origin (humus, manure, humin), young plants are affected by the fungus. Unhealthy signs can be considered the abundant appearance of yellow and brown leaves on plants, the darkening of the stem, the appearance of a light coating on the lower part of the bush and the soil around.

the result of a spring excess of "organics"

The fungus infects plants directly from the ground, its spores directly penetrate the root system, gradually affecting the entire plant. Seedlings of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants planted in open ground are especially susceptible to such infection.

To on suburban area such a nuisance did not occur, fertilizing the soil in the spring with organic subcorks should be done moderately. In this period should be given preference to more "dry" nutrients to avoid any putrefactive processes in the ground. In spring, there is already enough moisture in the soil, the level of groundwater, due to recent snowmelt, is still very high.

So that the fungus does not develop on the beds intended for planting seedlings, at the beginning of May a moderate amount of dry humus should be added to them, and the soil should be neutralized with dolomite flour mixed with wood ash in a ratio of 50:50.

Do not forget about specialized preparations for cultivating the land. These are Fitolavin, Glyokadinol and Fitosporin-M. They help fight pathogenic microflora.

Mineral fertilizers for spring application

As organic top dressing feed the soil mainly with nitrogen plants can experience potassium and phosphorus starvation, which will have a negative impact on the initial stage of development. Therefore, it is necessary to use agrochemicals that will restore the nutritional balance. The norms for applying mineral fertilizers in the spring are as follows:

• phosphoric () - 250 g / m²;
• (or wood ash) - 200 g / m²;
• (saltpeter,) - 300g / m². Nitrogen fertilizers are applied only if the soil has not received organic matter.

Ready-made mineral top dressings help to correctly calculate the dose of application. They reduce the labor intensity of fertilizing work when planting plants, and guarantee a predictable result.

They nourish and protect plants. For example, the Kristallon complex contains not only necessary set nutritious macro- and microelements, but also increases immunity, protecting the plant from fungus.

And especially for potatoes, which are grown in almost every garden, a ready-made organomineral complex "Bulba" has been developed. They cultivate the soil before planting to stimulate the germination of bushes. Mineral fertilizers must be applied to the soil every year. They are quickly absorbed by plants, and therefore their supply is quickly depleted.

The main problem with spring fertilization of the soil with mineral fertilizers is that they can be washed too quickly into the lower layers of the soil during precipitation, and leave land plot together with groundwater. Therefore, they need apply a few days before planting, or sprinkle into grooves between rows garden plants and in trunk circles garden trees.

Soil fertilization for various plants

Potato

Land dedicated to planting this beloved crop must be fertilized. This is tuberous plant greatly depletes the supply of nutrients in the soil on which it grows. are introduced in two ways: point and continuous.

Point method consists in introducing a nutrient mixture into each well separately, during planting. This method is economical but labor intensive. You have to carry with you not one bucket of tubers, but several at once. With this method of fertilizing, it would be rational to involve several people in planting. One digs, the second throws top dressing, and the third - tubers.

You can use the following mixture as a fertilizer for potatoes - 1 liter of dry rotted manure and 0.5 liters of wood ash per well.

Continuous application involves the introduction of nutrients in bulk, evenly throughout the site. This is how peasants used manure for many centuries. They did this in the winter to save time, as they planted large volumes of various garden crops and cereals, and in the spring they did not have time to spread organic matter.

by the most optimum time spring is considered for manure application. Well-rotted manure over the winter is distributed around the garden a couple of days before digging. If you make it in the spring, then it saves much more useful elements. Mineral fertilizers are also used for continuous application in the garden area intended for potatoes. They are combined with natural supplements.

• For fertile soils the following ratio is taken - 2 centners of manure (or compost), 2 kg of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 kg of superphosphate and 1.5 potassium fertilizers.
• For depleted soils, higher dosages are used - 4-5 kg ​​of manure (compost), 2-3 kg of superphosphate, 2-3 kg of ammonium sulfate and 2.5 kg of potash fertilizers.

Strawberry

This berry is one of the earliest in our garden. By feeding the universal pet in time, you can further accelerate the onset of fruiting.

Since this plant is perennial, continuous fertilization under it is impossible. For strawberries, other techniques are used. It is fed under the root, along the leaf, and between the rows. The main task in the spring is to restore the bush after wintering. First of all, strawberries are freed from shelter, weeds, the soil around is loosened, and mulched with peat or sawdust. Simultaneously with loosening, it is necessary to irrigate with a nitrogen complex, for example, "Kemira", diluted at the rate of 20 g per 10 liters of water.

In the next two weeks after using this complex nitrogen fertilizers it is not recommended to apply under strawberries. But when foliage appears on the bushes, they can be fed with liquid mineral-organic fertilizer - mixed with ammonium sulfate. Later, in order to improve palatability strawberries are fed with potash fertilizers.

garden trees

Fertilizing fruit trees is an essential part of caring for them. The first top dressing is done even before the leaves appear.. Superphosphate, in moderation, can be decomposed along the edges of the near-stem circles already at the end of March. He will "burn" his way to the ground. So early dates justified by the fact that phosphorus - slowly turns into an "edible" form for plants.

Organic fertilizers are used in the garden even when the ground has thawed. They need contact with soft soil, so they are loosened before they are introduced, and organic substrates are slightly buried in the near-stem circle. You can use for this humus from cow and bird manure, as well as ash, as a potash fertilizer and for tillage.

At the end of spring for garden trees, complex mineral fertilizers, in which mass fraction potassium is increased to improve the quality of the ovaries.

Video: preparing the garden for spring