How and when to feed garden plants. Top dressing for home flowers at home

Often among amateurs who keep at home various plants, the question arises: how to feed indoor flowers, because you can not wait for flowering at all if the conditions are not met proper care. Far from all varieties, the presence of decorative foliage can be a worthy compensation. Therefore, let's take a closer look at the types of fertilizers and how to use them. After reading this article, you will choose your option and mode of feeding.

Fertilizers for flowers are liquid, granular, in the form of powder, sticks, tablets, in composition - mineral and organic, and in the form of application - root and foliar (leaf). Liquids dissolve quickly and easily, powder fertilizers must be diluted in water very carefully - make sure that the sediment does not remain at the bottom of the container, otherwise some plants will get a reduced dose of nutrients, while others (which you water last) may suffer.

There are fertilizers for home flowers in the form of candles, sticks or tablets that need to be buried in the soil. They will gradually and slowly (over weeks or even months) dissolve during irrigation, releasing useful microelements into the ground, which are absorbed by the roots.

Fertilizers are mineral (preparations synthesized at the factory) and organic, which we will discuss below. What to fertilize is better, you choose.

Succinic acid - excellent tool both for watering and for spraying. One gram of the drug should be diluted in 5 liters of water. Only apply such top dressing for home flowers once a year.

There is also such a wonderful drug as potassium monophosphate. It accelerates the appearance of flowering and helps to prolong it. To obtain a solution, add 1 gram of the drug to a liter of water. Two dressings will be quite enough - after budding, the use of potassium monophosphate is stopped.

Now on sale you can see a wide selection of fertilizers, but the price of some of them can be very high. You will save significantly if you compare offers in different stores (it is better to do this on the Internet) and choose best option. Also pay attention to bulk purchases: if there are many amateur flower growers among your friends, you can order a minimum wholesale batch of goods and share it. And the cost for you will decrease, and the drugs will last for a long time. Attention: small, newly formed firms may offer counterfeit goods.

By the way, it is necessary to mention growth and flowering stimulants - heteroauxin, humates and others. Even if the plant is in critical condition (for example, you returned from vacation and, to your disappointment, found that your pet began to wither), you can carry out "resuscitation" with drugs such as Epin, Zircon, etc.

In this case, the introduction of additional dressing can only harm. In addition, you should not fertilize indoor flowers that have begun a dormant period.

Pay attention also to other cases: it often happens that the problem lies not so much in the lack of nutrients as in the fact that the plant is kept in unsuitable conditions or is affected by pests. Check the soil, roots and leaves - if transplanting into a pot is required bigger size, spraying. Maybe the roots are damaged by bugs or worms, which outwardly will not be completely noticeable to you, but constantly negative impact. Other pests can also be almost invisible, their presence can be determined, for example, only by the sticky trace left on the leaves.

After completing necessary procedures(insecticide treatment, transplanting, etc.), you can think about adding nutrients, but you need to endure the "recovery period".

Universal fertilizer has a wider range of action and composition. There are also options designed for certain varieties (or separately “for flowering”, “for decorative foliage”). Any flower shop will give you a choice.

How can I feed more indoor flowers at home? Everything is simple - there is one very simple and economical option. Easy to prepare organic fertilizers for indoor plants from available ingredients with their own hands.

Top dressing of indoor flowers from brewing black tea. After drying, it is mixed with the earth in a ratio of 1: 3. This will loosen the soil. If you want to protect the soil from drying out, you can lightly sprinkle it with tea leaves. But the main thing here is not to overdo it. To prevent flies from appearing, the tea leaves need to be changed periodically. There are more effective option- put sleeping tea bags in the pot, and down (over the drainage).

Drinking coffee contains valuable trace elements. Such a fertilizer for indoor plants can be mixed into the soil to enrich it with oxygen (if its increased acidity is not contraindicated for your pet). After that, reduce watering for some time.

Eggshells are also a good top dressing for indoor flowers (a source of natural calcium). We grind it to a state of powder in a coffee grinder or mortar, then dilute it with five parts warm water. The shell can also be used as drainage (we pour it on the bottom of the pot under the ground). Calcium will leach into the soil.

Milk and whey will help in the fight against fungal diseases, promote metabolism. The spray solution is prepared as follows: water - 10 parts, whey or milk - 1 part.

Ash and coal disinfect the soil. mix not a large number of ash with soil before transplanting. You can dissolve a tablespoon of it in 1 liter of warm water and then proceed to watering. Use this solution every 10 days. It will be more useful if you insist it for a week (periodically approach and shake the solution).

Castor oil (a tablespoon per liter) will be effective for feeding flowering plants.

A decoction of onion husks. Phytoncides are very useful, besides, the tincture will promote growth and flowering. To prepare a decoction of 50 g of onion peel, pour 2 liters of boiling water. Next, boil everything under the lid for about 10 minutes. We insist three hours. The resulting broth must be filtered. Spraying should be carried out infrequently - about once every two months. You can also shed the soil if there are pests. Unused tincture should be discarded.

Garlic will also help you from pests. Proportion: a few cloves of garlic (about 200 g) per liter. We insist them in a dark place for about 3-5 days, tightly closing the container. After straining, the infusion will need to be diluted in a different concentration (about 1 tablespoon of infusion is required per two liters of water). If the pests are wound up in the soil, it will need to be shed with the resulting liquid, and if on the shoots and leaves, it will be sprayed. By the way, from leaf pests you can use laundry soap, grated on a regular grater.

Citrus peels are also excellent natural fertilizers for indoor plants, they have a positive effect on immunity. One-third full liter jar peels of tangerines, oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomegranates, etc., pour them to the top with boiling water. After a day, we take out the crusts, add water again. Then the infusion, filtered, can be used for irrigation. In winter and autumn, about once a month, in other periods a little more often.

Yeast contains cytokinins and various valuable trace elements. The solution is prepared in much the same way as a regular dough for dough products, only without flour. Pour 10 g of yeast with a liter of slightly warm water. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of sugar in the same place. If you took dry yeast, then you should take three tablespoons of sugar, and 10 liters of water. In two hours, the infusion will be ready. Before watering, it is diluted in a ratio of 1:5.

Sugar can also be used separately - both for flowers in vases and for potted ones, since glucose is very useful. A tablespoon of water is diluted in 0.5-1 l of water ( room temperature). You can use tablets that are sold in any pharmacy (1 pc per liter). However, watering flowers with such a solution more than once a month should not be. You can lightly sprinkle the soil with granulated sugar, and then water.

Aspirin at a rate of 1 tablet per liter can be used as a spray. Cut flowers can also be kept in this solution (which will prolong the life of the bouquet).

Mushroom infusion is also very nutritious. If you have after silent hunting"and the preparation of mushrooms, there are some" spare parts ", they can be filled with water in a ratio of 1: 1. After that, we let it brew. The resulting concentrated infusion should be poured out in a day. Change the water, and after another day you can water the flowers.

Aquarium water can also be used for watering in early summer or spring (about once a month). Such homemade fertilizer for indoor flowers stimulates their growth well.

Aloe juice will help support the immunity of your green pets. After cutting off the lower leaves from an adult aloe, put them in a bag in the refrigerator. After a few days, dilute the juice squeezed from the leaves with water (for 1.5 liters of water we take 5 ml - about 1 teaspoon). The solution is used for spraying. Aloe extract is also sold in ampoules (use 1 ml per liter of water).

Banana peel, oddly enough, can also be very useful - potassium will help speed up flowering. Before preparing the infusion, the peel must be washed very well. Then we fill it with a three-liter jar by about a third, add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of sugar and fill the jar to the very top with water. We leave everything to infuse in a warm place for a couple of weeks, shaking the infusion from time to time. After that, strain it, put it in the refrigerator. Before watering, the infusion is diluted 1:20. Banana peels can be dried and ground (in a meat grinder or coffee grinder). Such top dressing is mixed directly into the soil, it can also be laid on top of the drainage layer.

You can also recommend organic fertilizers such as pet and bird droppings. If you or someone you know breeds quails, then you can feed indoor flowers with their droppings. Chicken manure is also effective. The main thing is to be very careful with the dose. Humus is indispensable, but its composition depends on the origin. leaf humus less dangerous. Feeding house flowers is more beneficial bird droppings: 10 g are diluted in three liters of water. Manure is recommended for fast-growing varieties (100 g per 10 liters). For indoor flowers at home, not much humus is required at all. Do not forget to shed the soil with plain water before fertilizing.

By the way, the recommendation to fertilize in moist soil is always relevant. Otherwise, dried roots will receive an increased concentration of top dressing, and this can damage the plant, especially if it is weakened. There is also one more important rule: do not apply concentrated fertilizers during the heat! You can burn and severely damage the roots. And what is better to feed - this is described in detail above.

Good lighting is absolutely essential for the full development of plants. AT winter time they should also be additionally “fed” with a portion artificial lighting for at least a couple of hours. On sale for these purposes, lamps of a special spectrum are offered.

Many plants of Dutch origin are now sold in stores. They are grown "in the stream", often adding special ingredients to the substrate that will allow the plant to flourish powerfully, showing itself in all its glory. However, when the nutrient supply is cut off, it often dies as the soil needs to be refreshed. Or the plant was grown in peat tablet, and then the roots completely braided the available earthen ball, and they lack "air".

Keep in mind also about other conditions of detention. In the event that a plant, for example, stands in a dark or hot place, even if you feed it according to a certain scheme, all its forces will go to compensate, and you will not see flowering.

With all the recommendations and tips for caring for your houseplants in this informative article, you can get by on a modest budget and enjoy healthy looking and lush blooms for your green pets every time.

Good afternoon friends!

What to do to have our favorite flowers on the windowsills all year round were green, beautiful, rampant in bloom?

And the secret of luxury indoor flower garden corny simple: plants need to be well fed. We eat three times a day, so flowers need a varied diet.

Moreover, for feeding indoor flowers, you can use home remedies that every housewife has, and it is not at all necessary to buy them in a store.

When and how to fertilize

First you need to understand general rules how and when to apply flower food.

When to feed plants

If your plant has stretched out, the stems have become thin, if growth has stopped or slowed down, the leaves have turned pale, light spots have appeared on them, the plant refuses to bloom, then most likely it does not have enough nutrition.

But you don’t need to bring flowers to such a terrible state, you need to feed them regularly.

Already in March, when the sun begins to look into the windows more and more often and the flowers start to grow, you should start feeding them once every two weeks. And continue to feed in this mode until October.

Top dressing is applied both during growth and during flowering.

From October to February, plants usually have a dormant period, they, like bears, plunge into hibernation and do not require additional nutrition. The exception is those that bloom in winter. Winter-flowering can occasionally be fed, but not more than once a month.

Although flower growers still do not recommend doing this during the dark season from November to December.

How to properly fertilize

Important! In no case should top dressing be applied to dry land, as this can damage the plant and burn its roots.

First, we water the flowers, and after they have quenched their thirst (the next day after watering), we feed them.

Top dressing for flowers is applied both in dry form and diluted in water.

Dry products are scattered on the surface of the earth, then the soil needs to be loosened and lightly watered.

Top dressing, diluted with water, water the plant around the entire bush, preferably closer to the edge of the pot. It is not necessary to fill in, fertilizers are required to be applied very little. Water must be used only previously settled, and not from the tap, at room temperature.

Sometimes top dressing is used in the form of spraying.

Homemade fertilizers for indoor flowers from our kitchen

The most diverse composition of vitamins and microelements of top dressing can be found in our kitchen. Fertilizing indoor flowers with home remedies is no worse than store-bought fertilizers, and besides, they are completely natural. So do not rush to throw away onion peels, egg shells, orange and banana peels, coffee grounds.

What dressings for indoor flowers can be used and how to prepare them, my further story.

Yeast

Probably the most famous, popular and effective flower food is yeast. After all, they contain a lot of usefulness, including phytohormones, B vitamins that stimulate growth, and others.

Yeast top dressing is equated to full mineral fertilizer.

It favorably affects the root system, causes increased growth and flowering, and also improves the microflora of the earth. Your flowers will grow by leaps and bounds!

Recipe

If you have natural pressed yeast, take 10 grams of them, stir in one liter of warm water, add a tablespoon of sugar.

Dry yeast should be taken 1 gram per liter of water + 1 teaspoon of sugar.

We insist this mixture for 2-3 hours.

Before applying top dressing, it will still need to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 5 (1 glass of infusion to 5 glasses of water).

Beer

In fact, the same yeast, only we are not talking about pasteurized beer from bottles, but about live beer, which is bottled in pubs.

If, after some gatherings, you still have a little of such a drink (although, this is unlikely, well, don’t be sorry, leave at least a little bit for your pets), you can also treat your plants.

When the beer hits the ground, it will continue to ferment there, releasing carbon dioxide, which will feed the plants.

200 grams of beer are taken per liter of water, mixed and poured with this solution once a week. You will see your plants come to life.

Coffee grounds

There is a lot of nitrogen in coffee, and plants love it very much, especially after winter. And the ground is home remedy makes loose and soft.

After preparing and drinking a morning drink, we dry the remaining coffee grounds and collect them in a jar, in a few days a fairly decent mass will be collected, which is enough for all your flowers.

We distribute a couple of teaspoons of dry thick along the edges of the pot, loosen, water. Everything is simple!

tea leaves

Dry tea brewing, as in the previous recipe, is brought into the ground, this will be fertilizer for home flowers.

Or you can just water the plants with unfinished tea, even sweet. Ferns especially like to drink tea.

But do not overdo it and rarely use such top dressing, because black flies also love it.

Sugar

Feeding indoor flowers with sugar gives them energy, so almost all plants respect sweet water, and cacti most of all.

Dissolve one tablespoon of sugar in a liter of water and water the flowers.

onion peel

Onion peel is useful to us not only for coloring eggs, but also a wonderful flower food from it!

We will need to prepare a decoction.

We put a good handful of husks in a saucepan, pour two liters there hot water and cook for 5 minutes over low heat.

After the broth has stood with us for a couple of hours, it should be filtered and used for spraying or watering flowers.

This decoction is not stored for a long time, so pour out the leftovers immediately. And the procedure can be repeated in a month.

Eggshell

The egg shell is rich in calcium, which is also necessary for our pets.

Therefore, shells from peeled boiled eggs (you can also use raw ones) are also not thrown away, we collect, dry, grind in a mortar, pusher or other convenient way. Preferably very finely, into crumbs and even dust.

Shredded shells can be used to feed plants in a dry form, sprinkling the surface of the earth and burying.

And you can insist them in water (a teaspoon of crushed shells per liter of water) and use for irrigation.

To prepare 1 drop of iodine, stir in a liter of water. Water very carefully along the edge of the pot so that the roots do not get burned. On one pot you can pour no more than 50 ml of the product.

Hydrogen peroxide

My favorite remedy- hydrogen peroxide. It not only saves me from the flu, but also helps the plants come to life right before my eyes.

Peroxide has an oxidizing effect, antiseptic properties, heals not only the leaves, but also the earth, protects against pests, and is a good disease prevention.

This tool is an ambulance for withering plants as well as.

1 tablespoon is diluted in a liter of water and the leaves of plants are sprayed once a week, but only for those who like spraying. Other flowers can be watered with this composition.

In detail, he will talk very interestingly about peroxide as a good top dressing for flowers in his video.

Let's sum up. As you can see, there are quite a few home remedies available that can be used as houseplant food. It is better to alternate them. We bought bananas, make top dressing from their peel, bake pies - set aside some yeast for your pets, and pour sweet water or sprinkle with peroxide - much easier.

Let your favorite flowers delight and thank you for your work!

Floriculture in apartments and houses has been and remains one of the most popular, interesting and exciting hobbies. For some, this is even a profitable business. Fans of domestic plants include, first of all, summer residents, but ordinary housewives and even housewives, who are becoming more and more, do not lag behind them.

Demand, as you know, creates supply, and therefore flower shops are now full of all kinds of fertilizers for indoor plants. But do not forget that before there was no well-established production of dressings, and our mothers and grandmothers fertilized flowers with improvised means, which is much more profitable and convenient than using purchased fertilizers. There are many time-tested plant nutrition recipes. It's time to find out about them!

Many novice flower growers ask themselves the question: “Why fertilize indoor flowers at all?”. The answer is simple: the flowers that live in our apartments sit in pots or flowerpots, in the ground, in which, over time, the reserves of substances necessary for flowers are very quickly depleted. As a result, plants begin to experience a deficiency important elements and begin to grow more slowly, wither, turn yellow and may die. Therefore, if you want to see vibrant, green and dense, brightly flowering plants on your window, then you need to fertilize them.

Basic rules for fertilizing indoor flowers

For gardeners, when feeding flowers, it works next rule: "Do no harm!", as an excess of fertilizer or improperly applied top dressing can cause great harm to the plant. There are basic rules for how to feed plants:

1. Fertilize the soil only for plants that are healthy. Make sure there are no pests on the bush.
2. During the dormant period, that is, from the first autumn days until the beginning of spring, avoid feeding the plants often. Do this no more than once every 1-1.5 months, with the exception of some types of crops.
3. Avoid fertilizing flowers immediately after transplanting new ground or a pot: firstly, there is still a supply of nutrients in fresh soil, and secondly, the plant has already suffered stress, after transplantation it needs peace, and not active growth.
4. Be sure to water the plant well before feeding: if you do not, the roots of the flower can get severely burned. Water the flowers with plain water, and then, after 2-3 hours, add nutrients.

If you bought a plant in bloom in a store, then do not fertilize it at first - there should be required amount minerals. Wait about a month before the first feeding.

Do-it-yourself fertilizer for home flowers

There is no need to run to the store for good fertilizer - take a good look around you. Our house is always full of what fertilizers for indoor plants can be prepared on their own, without any "chemistry".

From our table

In the process of daily cooking, we, without noticing it ourselves, send very useful and needed by plants substances. This is water from washing cereals, eggshell, fruit cleaning waste and much more. But at correct application From this waste, you can create very nutritious fertilizers from almost nothing.

Video - Do-it-yourself fertilizers for indoor plants

Your own helpers

Flowers themselves can be a wonderful source useful substances. For example, the juice of one of the most popular house flowers is aloe. This is great helper for other flowers: accelerates development and raises immunity.

1. Pluck off the bottom leaves of an aloe that is about 4 years old.
2. Place the leaves in a plastic bag and put it in the refrigerator on the bottom shelf.
3. Squeeze the juice from the leaves.
4. Dissolve the juice in water at the rate of 1 teaspoon per 1.5 liters of settled water for irrigation.
5. Water the plants once every 14 days.
6. Plants can also be sprayed with this solution.

It is good if you put a little crushed fern on the bottom of the pot - such measures will help improve the condition of the soil and increase the acidity of the soil.

Aloe is a great helper for other flowers.

Pets - producers of fertilizers

Rarely in which apartment there are no pets: people give birth to birds, fish, hamsters, cats and dogs. But if cat waste is dangerous for flowers, then waste from other animals can be very useful.

A good source of elements necessary for the growth of flowers can be the water in which aquarium fish live. I use it for watering in spring or in the first half of summer - during the active development of plants. Use this water once a month to prevent acidification of the soil.

Aquarium water - good source necessary for the growth of flowers

You can also fertilize indoor flowers with droppings of dogs, birds, guinea pigs. An infusion is prepared from it: the litter is collected and poured warm water, then wait for the fermentation process to begin (from 3 days (rodent droppings) to 2 weeks). Dilute the product 1:25 and use to water house plants.

Ash

Ash has long been known among gardeners and summer residents as a source of minerals for plants. The soil is enriched with mineral elements, including potassium and phosphorus, and crops on such fertilized soil begin to grow faster.

Grilled kebabs in the country or just burned a fire - collect some wood ash and bring it home. Dilute 1 tablespoon of the brought top dressing in 2 liters of hot water, let it brew for one day, strain and water the plants.

Good mineral fertilizer - ashes from cigarettes. Just add it little by little to the flower pots.

The first aid kit is also helpful.

Every home medicine cabinet contains potassium permanganate, aspirin and Castor oil. These drugs are excellent sources of nutrients for indoor flowers.

Potassium permanganate or potassium permanganate will help get rid of indoor midges and will also become a source of trace elements for plants. Dilute a few grains of potassium permanganate in settled water, giving it a pale pink color, and water your flowers.

Aspirin has long been known as a great cut flower remedy for increasing vase life. Why not try to feed this drug and ordinary houseplants? We prepare the solution as follows: in 1 liter. settled water dilute 1 tab. drug. Water flowering or bud-forming plants with this remedy.

Castor oil will delight indoor flowers that form buds or are already blooming. Dissolve 1 teaspoon of this drug in a liter of water and water the flowers.

In the process of growth, plants consume nutrients unevenly and even for fertile soils in some periods may experience a lack of one or another element. Weak growth, small pale leaves, small fruits are most often the result of starvation.

White cabbage.

The first top dressing is carried out 20 days after planting the seedlings: 0.5 liters of mushy mullein are added to 10 liters of water, 0.5 liters are spent on one.

10 days after the first feeding: in 10 liters of water add 0.5 liters of mushy mullein or 0.5 liters of chicken manure infusion, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of urea. For 1 - 1 liter of infusion.

Early July. Feed only medium and late-ripening varieties cabbage. For 10 liters of water - 2 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate and 1 teaspoon of trace elements. 6-8 liters are used per 1 m2.

August. Feed only mid- and late-ripening varieties. For 10 liters of water - 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nitroammophoska. For 1 m2 - 6-8 liters.

In the first 2-3 weeks after planting seedlings, excessive soil moisture in the upper layer is undesirable, since root system must penetrate into the deeper layers, where moisture reserves are more stable.

At optimal humidity soil growth inner leaves at cabbage plant occurs a little faster than the outer ones, so they are tightly pressed against each other from the inside, forming a dense head of cabbage. Soil moisture fluctuations lead to uneven growth of inner leaves and cracking of heads.

So that ripe heads of cabbage do not crack, they need to be bent several times in one direction - to disrupt the root system. This will stop the access of nutrients and slow down the growth of cabbage.

For prevention against aphids, snails and slugs, plants and soil are dusted with wood ash (1 cup per 1 m2).

Cauliflower.

To form a yield unit, it needs about 2 times more nutrients than white cabbage. The highest need for phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium are needed. With a lack of boron, the apical buds die off, voids form inside the head and in the stump, and the head rots.

With a lack of molybdenum, large leaves are formed, the heads become ugly. When growing on sandy soil, additional manganese is required. So cauliflower be sure to feed with micronutrients.

The first top dressing is given 5-7 days after planting the seedlings - with a solution of urea (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water per 10 plants) and potassium nitrate (1 tablespoon) with the addition of 1 teaspoon of microfertilizers.

The second feeding - at the beginning of the formation of the head, for 10 liters of water - 3 tbsp. spoons of nitroammophoska. Fertilizing with organic fertilizers is useful: bird droppings diluted with water 20 times, or mullein diluted with water 10 times, or slurry diluted with water 4 times.

To obtain snow-white heads, they are covered from the sun: 2-3 sheets are broken or tied over the head.

Radish

Radishes, like any early ripening crop, are very demanding on soil fertility and are responsive to fertilizers. To protect seedlings from cruciferous flea, they are pollinated with tobacco dust mixed with lime or ash (1: 1). To some extent, the flea is repelled by sprinkling seedlings with road dust. When sowing and caring, potash fertilizers and ash are not used, otherwise the plants may shoot themselves. good fertilizer- compost and nitroammophoska.

Onion

Fresh manure is not brought under the onion, otherwise growth is delayed, the formation of leaves does not stop for a long time.

The bulb is formed late and does not ripen well, it is more affected by neck rot, it is poorly stored. The onion responds well to the application of mineral fertilizers. However, its root system is sensitive to an increased concentration of salts, so it is better to apply them in small portions for 2-3 times. When 1-2 true leaves are formed, the first thinning is carried out, leaving 1.5-2 cm between plants. At the same time, weak plants are removed.

After the appearance of 3-4 true leaves, thinning is repeated already at the final distance - 5-7 cm. After the second thinning, top dressing with a complete mineral fertilizer is necessary, preferably in liquid form. A good effect is given by top dressing with slurry diluted with water 5-6 times, or with bird droppings diluted 10-15 times. Add 30-40 g of superphosphate to a bucket of water. 3-4 buckets of solution are consumed per 10 m. Watering is stopped a month before harvesting. The last top dressing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is carried out during the formation of the bulb, 150 g of potassium salt and 200 g of superphosphate are added per 10 m2.

When growing onions on heavy soil, the early formation and maturation is facilitated by the disintegration of plants. In this case, carefully, without damaging the root system, the soil is raked from the bulbs. When sown early in spring, onions are ready for harvest in late August or early September. In some years, due to unfavorable weather conditions he does not have time to ripen by this time. To speed up ripening, the plants are dug up, damaging the root system, breaking the connection with the soil. After 2-4 days, depending on the weather, the bulbs are removed and laid out to dry with the leaves. Due to the outflow of plastic substances, the ripening process occurs and bulbs suitable for storage are formed.

Sometimes, to accelerate the ripening of the bulbs, rolling or crushing the leaves is used. However, this technique harms the crop, as the plants are damaged and pathogens penetrate the bulbs through the gaps formed. In addition, rolling does not stop growth, and with a broken stem, plants continue to grow.

Onion from sevka

When the feather reaches a height of 10 cm, the treatment of plants from diseases begins (phytosporin - every 2 weeks). When the feather reaches a height of 8-10 cm, the first feeding is carried out: for 10 liters of water - 1 cup of mushy mullein, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of urea, per 1 m2 - 2-3 liters of solution. The second top dressing - 12-15 days after the first. For 10 liters of water - 2 tbsp. spoons of nitroammophoska, per 1 m2 - 5 liters of solution. The third - when the bulb reaches the size walnut. For 10 liters of water - 2 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate, per 1 m2 - 5 liters of solution.

Onion fly control measures.

Onions are placed next to carrots. The specific smell of carrots repels an onion fly, and onion phytoncides - a carrot fly. 1 cup is dissolved in 10 liters of water table salt, ridges of onions are watered from a watering can, trying not to fall on the feather. The first time this is done when the feather reaches 5 cm, watering is repeated after 20 days. When a fly appears, the soil is sprinkled with a deterrent: 100 g of wood ash, or 1 tbsp. a spoonful of tobacco dust, or 1 teaspoon of ground pepper per 1 m2 (2 times with an interval of 10-18 days). Measures to combat peronosporosis (false powdery mildew). The onion bed should have a direction from north to south, well lit by the sun. Crops and plantings must not be thickened. Before planting, the seedlings are warmed up. Feathers at a height of 10-12 cm are sprayed with a solution of copper oxychloride, every 2 weeks they are sprayed with phytosporin.

Leek

The first dressing - when 5-6 true leaves appear, the second - a month after the first. For 10 liters of water - 0.5 liters of mullein, 1 teaspoon of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate. For 1 m2 - 3-4 liters of solution. Ash is added once a week before hilling - 1 glass per 1 m2.

As soon as the leaves a appear from the ground, the plantings are fed nitrogen fertilizer. To do this, dissolve 1 tbsp in 10 liters of water. a spoonful of urea, 10 liters - per 1 m2.

When the leaves a reach a height of 10-15 cm, they rake the earth from the bulb, sprinkle with ashes and return the earth to its place. This operation is repeated when arrows appear.

Removing arrows a, leave a few pieces. They can be easily identified optimal time harvesting. As soon as the wrapper cracks on the heads and the bulbs begin to peek out, it's time to dig.

For recovery planting material it is recommended to regularly rejuvenate cultivated by sowing air bulbs. In the first year of cultivation, single teeth are formed from them. They are planted in the fall and the next year they get normal multi-toothed bulbs.

Likes sprinkling, loosening. When the root crop reaches the size of a walnut, top dressing is done: for 10 liters of water - 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nitroammophoska and 1 glass of wood ash. 10 liters of top dressing should be enough for 1 m2 of area.

After 10 days - the second top dressing: for 10 liters of water - 0.5 liters of mushy mullein and 2 tbsp. spoons of nitroammophoska. For 1 m2 - 5-6 liters.

After the second thinning: for 10 liters of water - 2 cups of ash and 1 teaspoon of table salt. For 1 m2 - 10 liters.

For the prevention of core rot, foliar top dressing is carried out boric acid: 2 g per 10 liters of water.

To increase sugar content 2-3 times per season, beets are watered with a solution of table salt - 1 tbsp. spoon for 10 liters of water.

1-2 times per season, beets are fed with a solution of trace elements: 1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water.

During fruiting, 2-3 leaves are removed from the middle of the bush - for better illumination and ventilation. Remove diseased, old leaves lying on the ground regularly.

Why do the ovaries rot? Most likely not pollinated female flowers. Or there were sudden changes in temperature. Or watered the bushes cold water. Or the ovaries were struck by vertex rot.

Decide which plants you will take fruits for summer consumption and canning, and which ones you will leave for "winter" fruits. From the "summer" plants, the fruits are removed as often as possible, preventing them from overgrowing, the wilted corolla of the flower serves as a signal for collection. From such plants, you can collect more than 20 greens.

On "winter" plants, 4-5 fruits are allowed to form. When they mature, they clean up winter storage, cutting together with the stalk.

The first dressing - before flowering (for 10 liters of water - 0.5 liters of mullein, 1 tablespoon of nitroammophoska). Or for 10 liters of water - 2 tbsp. spoons ideal (1 liter per).

During flowering: for 10 liters of water - 2 tbsp. spoons of ash and 1 tbsp. spoon of the breadwinner, 1 liter of top dressing is spent on one plant.

During fruiting: for 10 liters of water - 2 tbsp. spoons of nitroammophoska and 2-3 tbsp. spoons of a giant, 2 liters per plant.

Additionally, 2 foliar top dressings are carried out with an interval of 10-15 days (for 10 liters of water - 1 tablespoon of urea or ideal). For one plant - 0.5 liters.

Potato

The introduction of semi-decomposed manure or compost (40-50 kg per 10 m2) on loamy and sandy soils almost doubles the tuber yield.

It is impossible to make fresh manure for potatoes (both in autumn and in spring). This leads to plant diseases, reduces the yield and quality of tubers.

The first top dressing is applied in the phase of the beginning of budding, before loosening or hilling. Mineral fertilizers are scattered in the aisles at a distance of 5-6 cm from the stems, and then embedded in the ground during hilling. For each bush, 3-6 g of superphosphate, 3-4 g of potassium chloride or sulfate, 2-3 g of urea or ammonium nitrate. If nitrophoska is used for top dressing, it is taken at the rate of 10-12 g per bush.

From organic fertilizers, humus is suitable - two handfuls for each bush. wood ash contribute at the rate of one or two handfuls mixed with the same amount of soil. Dry bird droppings - 10-15 g per bush.

The second top dressing with a weak development of the above-ground mass is carried out in the phase of the beginning of flowering, mainly with potash fertilizers (30 g of potassium sulfate per 10 l of water per 10 m2). With a lack of potassium in the soil, the flesh of the tubers darkens. After feeding, the plants spud.

Immediately after the second feeding, the plants are dusted with ash. For them it is additional top dressing, and for the beetle - a clear discomfort.

To accelerate the outflow of nutrients from leaves to tubers and thereby increase the yield, in the phase of budding and flowering, as well as three weeks before harvesting, foliar top dressing is used. Even a single spraying of plants at the final stage increases the yield of tubers by 7-11%, and starch content by 0.8-1.0%. To do this, 20 g of superphosphate is infused in 10 liters of water for 1-2 days (periodically mixing well). It will take 1 liter of solution to process 10 m2 of a potato plantation.

With a lack of nitrogen in the soil, foliar top dressing is carried out during the period of budding and flowering of potatoes (20 g of urea per 10 l of water). At the same time, tops are sprayed with solutions of trace elements.

In dry and hot weather, it is impossible to deeply loosen the soil and hill the plants - this causes loss of moisture, overheating of the soil. Under such conditions, when loosening, a little soil is raked up to each plant from the row spacing.

Mowing the above-ground mass 7-10 days before harvesting (not later and not earlier) helps to increase the resistance of tubers to skin damage, prevents the spread of diseases, especially late blight.

In cold weather, peppers and eggplants cannot be watered, as the soil cools and the work of the root system and leaf apparatus deteriorates.

During the period of flowering and fruit set, refreshing waterings are carried out between waterings (5-10 liters of water per 1 m2) in order to create an increased relative humidity of the air, since the flowers fall off at low humidity.

It is better to loosen the aisles after watering or rain. Starting from the second loosening, the plants spud.

If the pepper is grown in a greenhouse, then when the plant reaches a height of 20-25 cm, remove the top of the main stem. Pinched plants quickly begin to branch and form a crop. In open ground, pinching pepper is not worth it, this technique delays the growing season.

Insufficiently complete pollination of flowers can cause the appearance of non-standard (crooked) fruits. To prevent this, it is necessary to shake the plants in hot, sunny, calm weather.

Lack of moisture in the soil heat air causes lignification of the stems, the fall of buds and leaves in both pepper and eggplant.

On the open areas it is necessary to protect plantings of pepper and eggplant from the wind with the help of wings - plantings from tall crops that are planted in advance around the garden (beets, beans, chard, leeks).

Since the root system of pepper is located in the upper soil layer, loosening should be shallow (3-5 cm) and be accompanied by obligatory hilling.

Fresh manure is not applied under pepper and eggplant; this can cause the development of a vegetative mass to the detriment of flowering.

Young seedlings of pepper and eggplant planted in open ground, does not withstand low positive temperatures (2-3'C), however, in autumn, fruit-bearing plants withstand frosts down to -5'C.

Top dressing. During flowering: for 100 liters of water - 5-6 kg of finely chopped nettle, 1 bucket of mullein, 10 tbsp. spoons (with a slide) of ash. For 1 plant - 1 liter. Top dressing "ferments" in a barrel for a week.

During fruiting, plants are given two top dressings. First: for 100 liters of water - 0.5 buckets of chicken manure, 2 cups of nitroammofoska. For 1 plant - 1 liter. Or per 100 liters of water - 10 tbsp. spoons of Signor Tomato, for 1 plant - 1 liter.

The second feeding - 12 days after the first: for 100 liters of water - 1 bucket of mullein, 1/4 bucket of bird droppings, 1 glass of urea. For 1 m2 - 5-6 liters of solution. Or for 100 liters of water - 0.5 liters of Ideal, for 1 m2 - 5 liters.

From time to time it is necessary to sprinkle the soil with ash: 1-2 cups per 1 m2.

Another option for eggplant top dressing. The first top dressing is carried out 10-15 days after planting seedlings: for 10 liters of water - 40-

50 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate or 30 g of urea, 15-20 g of potassium salt.

The second top dressing is carried out 20 days after the first, while the dose of phosphorus and potash fertilizers increase by 1.5-2 times.

The third dressing - at the beginning of fruiting: for 10 liters of water - 60-80 g of urea, superphosphate and 20 g of potassium chloride. One watering can (10 l) is spent on 5 m2. Plants must be watered after each feeding. clean water to avoid fertilizer burns.

Cucumber

Root secretions of oats have a detrimental effect on a number of soil pathogens. In early spring, 100-150 g of oats are sown per 1 m2, and when the seedlings reach a height of 15-20 cm, the bed intended for cucumbers is dug up, planting oat plants in the soil. You can sow oats in the fall, after harvesting cucumber lashes.

Dill helps to increase the yield of cucumber.

Onions and radishes planted near cucumber and tomato plantations repel spider mites.

Onions and garlic will save the cucumber from bacteriosis. As the arrows grow, they must be cut so that phytoncides stand out more strongly.

Never plant cucumbers next to roses - ants will drag aphids from roses to cucumbers.

As the plant grows and develops, the soil naturally becomes depleted. Therefore, during this period it should be fed. This usually happens from April to September, the rest of the time you can limit yourself to regular watering. If you notice that the leaves of plants turn pale and turn yellow, growth stops - pay attention - they need top dressing. During the dormant period, the plants should not be fed, as this will cause the plant to have a long and thin stem and the leaves to become pale and small. If the plant is transplanted into fresh soil, it has enough nutrient supply for a certain time. Usually the earth mixture remains fertile for about 12 weeks. The peat-based mixture is depleted after 6–8 weeks. After this period has passed, you can start fertilizing the soil with mineral fertilizers.

top dressing

Before feeding, you should find out what is the reason for the painful condition of the plant. Maybe the plant lacks moisture, or it needs to be moved to another place, or it needs a larger pot.

It is most convenient to use ready-made fertilizers, which can always be purchased at flower shop. The effect comes much faster if you use liquid top dressing, since fertilizers dissolved in water are very quickly absorbed by the roots of plants. Three main fertilizers should be present in the plant nutrition solution - nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, while calcium, manganese and sulfur are also important. Synthetic fertilizers are slightly toxic to humans, but huge gains can be made with them.

When buying mineral fertilizers, pay attention to labels. They should have three index numbers, for example - 6:10:6. Accordingly, these numbers denote "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Potassium", which are always located in this order. Each of these numbers indicates their percentage.

Nitrogen is essential for everyone ornamental plant so that it can grow and develop well. Optimal quantity nitrogen in the ratio with phosphorus and potassium 4:1:1. For flowering plants recommended large quantity phosphorus. Potassium is essential for the development of flowers and fruits.

Can be used dry organic feeding. It is more favorable for indoor plants and consists of peat, humus, leafy soil.

When adding dry top dressing, the top layer of the earth (about 2 cm) should be removed, the nutrients should be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the soil and covered with a layer of the removed earth. For 1 m2 of plant area, 300 g of bird droppings, or 2 kg of compost or humus are added.

When adding liquid organic top dressings, you can use bird droppings or mullein. To this end, the container is 1/3 filled with bird droppings or mullein and filled completely with water. All this should be insisted for 8 days, until the mass ferments, while not forgetting to stir daily. Bird droppings are diluted in 20 times the volume of water, and mullein - 10 times. Before applying fertilizer, the soil should be watered.

For indoor plants, it is better to use liquid top dressing in the form of mineral fertilizers. To do this, dilute 1.5 g of superphosphate, 1.5 g of ammonium nitrate and 1 g of potassium salt in 1 liter of water. One liter of this fertilizer is enough to water 10 plants.

Such large and fast growing plants, like myrtle, calla, oleander, begonia, asparagus, pelargonium need to be fed no more than 2 times a quarter.

Slow growing plants are fertilized once a month. You can also carry out foliar top dressing for active growth plants. Plants are treated with a prepared 1% solution of potassium sulfate or a 1% solution of superphosphate from a spray bottle.

If some natural fertilizers are not suitable for plants, but they need acidic soils, top dressing should be done with bone meal and superphosphate, in which there are alkaline salts. For these plants, there are special "acidic" fertilizers, when they are introduced into the soil, they neutralize all alkaline substances.

Soil disinfection should be carried out 3 times a year. To do this, water with a weak solution (pale pink) of potassium permanganate.

12 golden rules for houseplant fertilization:

Signs of lack or excess of fertilizers in the soil

When a plant lacks nutrients:

• It becomes vulnerable to attack by pests and diseases.
• The leaves turn yellow, fall off, the lower branches die off.
• The flower becomes brittle, fragile, the intensity of the color of the leaves and flowers disappears.
• Slows down in growth, ceases to bloom or releases small buds that sometimes do not open.

  An excess of fertilizer for flowers is no less harmful than a lack.

The following signs indicate that the plant is overfed:

• Gray-white coating on the soil surface even when using soft water for irrigation.
• Lethargy of the leaves and drying of the tips.
• Poor growth of green mass, fragility of leaves.
• Decreased resistance to disease.

Fertilizers in winter

AT winter period Fertilizers are needed for plants that bloom or grow all year round. These include azalea, violet, spathiphyllum, pelargonium, ficuses. However, in the cold season, top dressing should be applied less frequently, since the daylight hours are shorter - 1 time per month will be enough. Cacti and succulents are dormant in winter, so they do not need to be fed and watering should be reduced.

In order for the plant to continue to grow green mass and bloom in winter, use complex fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Suitable home remedies ash solution, sugar, iodine solution for pelargoniums. Sugar, for example, contains glucose useful for plants.

Glucose serves as an energy source for all plant life processes, but will not be absorbed if there is a shortage. carbon dioxide. Moreover, it can cause the development of root rot and mold. The use of sugar will make sense when combined with EM drugs (drugs of effective microorganisms). You can simply sprinkle the soil with sugar and then pour it with water, or you can dissolve a tablespoon of sugar in 500 ml of water for irrigation.

Remember that an excess of fertilizer for plants can be more detrimental to their lack. Choose a fertilizer according to individual needs and characteristics of the flower. Correct top dressing- pledge lush flowering and vigorous plant growth.

Feeding houseplants with folk remedies

• Pour onion skins with water. Insist for a day. After that, discard the husk, and water the plants with the remaining water. This disinfects them, promotes growth, serves as a preventive measure against diseases and pests, and supplies them with the necessary minerals and vitamins.
• Eggshell. It is insisted for several days and thrown away, and the plants are fed with the remaining water.
• Ash. It is diluted in proportion: a half-liter jar of ash per 10 liters of water. Ash contains a large amount of iron, phosphorus, potassium, zinc. As a top dressing, ash is used by mixing with the ground during transplantation or in liquid form: dissolve 1 tablespoon of ash in 1 liter of water at room temperature. Water plants with this solution once a week.
• Water used to wash meat or fish. It is considered an excellent liquid organic fertilizer for indoor plants.
• The husks from the seeds serve as an excellent baking powder and drainage. For small plants, small sunflower husks are preferred, for large ones (palms, ficuses, araucaria) - husks from pumpkin seeds.
• Sometimes it is useful to water the plants with mineral sparkling water. Carbon dioxide deprives the soil of calcium - white limescale formed due to hard water on flower pots.
• Vegetable decoction. Its influence on home flowers has not yet been studied, and you can only rely on positive reviews.

When not to fertilize flowers

There are often situations in which top dressing is strictly prohibited or, in any case, strongly not recommended. Firstly, this is the period of plant disease or the time of attack by pests. First, this problem is solved, and only after complete recovery do they begin to carefully and carefully maintain the weakened flower.

It is not necessary to fertilize only purchased plants: during their industrial breeding, so many stimulants and minerals are introduced into the soil that they need time to master the already existing top dressings. The first time you can feed such flowers only after a month, when they will surely take root in your home.

You need to pause after the transplant. If you have correctly selected the soil, it contains everything necessary for the survival and comfortable well-being of the plant. In addition, the roots are damaged during relocation, even if you were extremely careful. Fertilizers in such a situation will not only not be absorbed, but can also harm.

Using manure as a fertilizer

One of the most valuable organic fertilizers is humus. It is obtained from manure that is completely overripe and decomposed in heaps under plastic wrap. Maturation lasts 1.5-2 years. It turns out a homogeneous, free-flowing, friable mass of brown color, which has an earthy smell.

Humus is part of most potting mixes for houseplants. It makes the soil nutritious, retains water in it, makes the soil looser, promotes the penetration of air to the roots of the plant. Do not use it only for some plants that need a depleted soil composition. It is also used as organic fertilizer. Usually, humus is used once during a regular plant transplant.

1/4-1/5 of this fertilizer is added to fresh soil. Then the flower is transplanted into the resulting earthen mixture. Large plants that cannot be transplanted simply cannot do without humus. Pot specimens are not transplanted, but only the topsoil is removed, and humus is poured instead. Now, when watering, organic matter from the upper layer penetrates into the lower ones and nourishes the plant.

For organic plant nutrition summer period humus can be used to make liquid fertilizer. To do this, 1 kg of humus is infused in 10 liters of water for 1.5-2 days, mixing thoroughly. The resulting infusion without filtering and diluting with water can be watered indoor plants 1-2 times a season. Now you know how to prepare flower fertilizer at home or how to choose the right ready-made plant food.

Types of fertilizers and features of their choice

In order to find the perfect fertilizer for your indoor plants, the first thing to remember is to take into account the individual characteristics of each plant and its preferences. In a matter of choosing from dozens different drugs for indoor crops it is unacceptable to look for a universal solution applicable to all plants en masse. Analyzing information about the nutrients required by a particular plant will help you choose the right form or type of particular fertilizer that you can use in your practice.

The three basic types of houseplant fertilizer are:

1. universal fertilizers that are suitable for most indoor plants and station wagons;
2. fertilizers for flowering crops, the main advantage of which is the beauty of flowering;
3. fertilizers for ornamental deciduous plants, the most attractive part of which is foliage.

But the “set” of dressings necessary for each grower is not limited to only three basic types. Succulents, orchids, rhododendrons, like many other plants, need special types fertilizers.

According to the form of application, fertilizers for indoor plants are divided into:

• liquid fertilizers that are applied along with water for irrigation are the most popular, versatile, safe option;
• long-acting fertilizers, which are laid in the substrate and release nutrients gradually, allowing you to abandon the classic top dressing for a long period of time (and thereby simplify care);
• special fertilizers for foliar feeding, which are sprayed on the leaves of the plant.

Fertilizers are available in liquid form, and in the form of powder, granules, briquettes, capsules.

Houseplant fertilizers contain three vital nutrients in equal proportions or in various ratios that are optimally matched to the requirements of specific crops. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplemented with trace elements, phytohormones, organic compounds, and sometimes beneficial bacteria, provide plants with everything they need for growth, development, health and beauty. Fertilizers for indoor plants can be organic (I use ash, bird droppings, biohumus and other organic matter), purely mineral or combined - complex preparations. It is complex fertilizers that are the most popular and versatile. Today, there are many microbiological and innovative types of fertilizers on sale that are absolutely natural, natural, safe and do not contain any "chemistry".

Whatever fertilizer you choose, consider both your convenience and the requirements of the plants. You must carefully study and strictly adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations.