How to grow radishes outdoors in spring. What varieties are best to plant? Fertilizer and top dressing of radish

One of the very first vegetable crops, which is grown in the open field, is a radish. Its crop can be harvested several times a season, as radishes are cultivated very quickly.

Varieties of radish for planting in open ground

According to the ripening time, early, mid-early and late varieties of radish are distinguished. The period from planting to harvesting is 16-20 days for the first, 35-40 days for the second, and 35-53 days for the third, respectively.

Early ones include:

• French breakfast;
• early red;
• eighteen days;
• Corundum.

Mid-season varieties:

• Helios;
• watermelon radish;
• Slavia;
• Saks;
• Viola.

Late varieties:

• Rampoush;
• Red giant;
• Würzburg.

Depending on the variety, root crops can have not only red, but also white (Tashkent white, Virov white), yellow (helios), purple (viola). In addition to the traditional round, some varieties have an elongated shape, like a radish (for example, rampoush)

When to sow radishes outdoors

Planting radishes in open ground can begin in April, when the soil warms up enough. For different regions of Russia, the timing of sowing radishes in the spring can be completely different, and depend on climatic conditions.

The optimum soil temperature for sowing radishes is from 15 degrees Celsius. In case of frosts, cover for young shoots should be used.

Planting dates for radishes:

• Early ripe varieties: first decade of April
• Early varieties: late May - early June.
• Mid-season: early July
• Late ripening: end of August - beginning of September.

How many times to plant radishes per season

The timing of planting radishes in the summer may vary depending on the variety, the timing of its collection and ripening. The harvest of this vegetable can be harvested four times per season, but you cannot plant radishes twice in one bed.

• The first sowing is carried out in April, taking into account auspicious days months to lunar calendar;
• Planting radishes in June, at the beginning of the month is already seedling way. For the second sowing, medium-early varieties are used, sown 35 days before transplanting into the ground, that is, May 25-30.
• Planting radishes in July, at the end of the month, is an opportunity for a summer resident to get a root crop for the third time. Also used seedling method and choose mid-early varieties for sowing seedlings at the end of June (25-30 numbers).
• For the fourth time, the culture is sown in late August - early September. This is done already in closed greenhouses, and in the northern regions of the country - in heated ones.

Planting radishes in open ground

Sowing radishes with seeds is a simple procedure, and usually does not cause difficulties. But first it is important to choose high-quality seeds and prepare the soil in order to get excellent harvest.

Pre-sowing preparation of radish seeds

You should buy seeds in specialized stores. First, they are sorted, sorted by size. Usually, seeds with a length of 3 mm or more are selected for planting - this is a guarantee of good germination and the development of large root crops.

Before planting, the seeds are kept for a day in a damp cloth or water so that they germinate. Immediately before sowing, they are soaked for 20 minutes in hot water to prevent the development of dry rot.

It is recommended to soak the seeds for 5 minutes in a 1% iodine solution, and then roll them out in crushed chalk or lime. Such a "masquerade" is needed, because the radish seed is planted one grain at a time, and the white color is clearly visible on the black earth.

Preparing the soil for planting

Growing radishes outdoors requires right choice places and soil for planting. Radishes do well in loose soils. the best site for it is considered loam, which holds water well, and does not dry out instantly.

sandy soils also suitable for radishes, but the culture should be watered more often, as the sand absorbs water faster. The plant loves the sun, so it is better for him to choose sunny areas.

Before planting seeds, fertilizers are applied to the ground. It is optimal if it is compost or ash at the rate of a bucket of top dressing per square meter of land.

Crop rotation rules for radishes

Radishes cannot be grown where cruciferous crops grew - cabbage, turnip, daikon, radish, turnip, horseradish. A cruciferous flea can settle in such a site, and with a high probability will destroy all crops.

good predecessors for radishes are considered early potatoes, legumes, cucumbers, tomatoes. Ideally, if the planting of radishes is protected from all sides by garlic, dill, onions - such plants have a specific aroma that will repel pests.

Sowing radish

For sowing in the allotted area, small grooves are made a centimeter deep, they are moistened and the radish is planted.

Seeds are planted one at a time, at a distance of 5-10 cm. If you sow radishes thicker, there will be little room for root crops to grow, and seedlings will shade each other.

After sowing, the beds are lightly covered with earth, watered abundantly and fertilized with ash.

Growing and caring for radishes

Radishes will hatch within a few days after planting. After germination, the culture is fed with potash fertilizers, following the instructions. Caring for radishes is simple: it is primarily watering, loosening, thinning and top dressing.

• Radishes are watered 2-3 times a week, 20-25 liters of water per 10 square meters.

• If the land is not sufficiently prepared in advance (seedlings wither), when watering, it is fed with ammonium nitrate (10-15 grams per 10 square meters).

• Mulch radishes better humus, you can use peat, compost, paper, dark film. Mulching helps retain moisture, which is very fond of radishes.

• Thinning is carried out 5 days after germination, removing the smallest ones. Water the crop as needed, carefully loosening the soil after each watering.

Problems when growing radishes

• If the roots became slimy and the smell of rot began to emanate from them, it means that the radish was struck by bacteriosis. 1% treatment will help fix this problem. Bordeaux mixture.
• With the formation of growths and swellings, yellowing and wilting of foliage, treatment should be started from fungal disease- keels. Will help milk of lime, which is watered around the soil around infected plants. One plant will need a liter of such a product.
• Symptoms of the black leg are yellowness and twisting of the leaves, darkening of the stem at the root crop. Affected plants are treated with a solution blue vitriol and laundry soap.

The main pests of radish and their control

A lot of trouble for radish beds is caused by pests, especially the cruciferous flea, which eats holes in the radish tops. If there is a lot of damage, the greens begin to wither, and the root crop itself does not gain the desired mass and stops growing. The pest is especially dangerous for tender seedlings of radish.

• To protect plants, they are treated with ash. For ten liters of water, add two glasses of fresh ash and fifty grams of laundry soap.
• Second effective way- treatment of leaves with tobacco dust (in the same proportions as with ash).

• by the most effective method control is considered treatment with insecticides, in particular Inta-Vir.

Belyanka is a dangerous pest of radish. The caterpillars of this butterfly eat the green tops of the crop. To protect the beds, they are treated with a solution of ground pepper, salt and mustard.

Growing radishes in the summer hot weather, it is necessary to take measures to protect against the bear. She does not often feed on radishes, but can get into the garden and damage the crop.

The radish root often damages the wireworm (large holes) and the nematode (rotted base of the roots, small holes in the radish with signs of decay).

• To protect against wireworms, the soil is fertilized with ammonium sulfate - on square meter two tablespoons of fertilizer. Such top dressing will saturate the soil with nitrogen, and destroy the pest larvae.
• To combat the nematode, Fitoverm is effective. This powder is safe for humans. It infects the larvae of root-knot nematodes, which soon die of starvation.
• In the fight against nematodes, soil steaming is also used (watering hot water from 60 degrees, consumption of a liter per square meter), and its disinfection with preparations based on chitosan - Aldikabr, Vidata.

Outcome

Growing radishes in open ground is possible throughout the summer season. Even a novice gardener can handle simple rules care for this crop, if you sow radishes on the beds in time, and provide him with ideal conditions for growth.

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When to plant a radish in the spring in open ground to harvest a delicious harvest?

Radishes are fairly early ripening vegetables. It is often grown in greenhouses. But you can perform this action in the open field. To do this, you need to know just a few simple rules, and even an inexperienced gardener can handle the process.

In order for the radish to fully grow and develop, it needs to prepare favorable soil. When planting radishes, it must be remembered that its soil should be as loose as possible. If such soil is not provided to this plant, then cracks will form on its fruits. That is why, before planting radishes, the soil is dug up and appropriate fertilizers are applied to it.

Ideal for drop off this plant is a supersandy slightly acidic soil.

Fertilizer of the earth:

• In order for the radish to properly form root crops, it needs to be provided with optimal amount mineral fertilizers. These fertilizers include potassium salt and superphosphate.
• Fertilization of the soil directly depends on the planting period of this plant. When fertilizing, you need to know that fresh manure adversely affects radishes. That is why it should not be used as a fertilizer in any case.
• Soil fertilization must be done in advance. For example, if planting radishes is planned for spring, then the soil is fertilized in autumn.
• At least one bucket of manure, which is overripe, must be applied per square meter of the area allocated for radishes.

The choice of a place for planting this plant also plays an important role. This culture is very fond of lighting and therefore it must be planted in very well-lit places. Also, the landing site of this plant must be reliably protected from the wind.

There are three ways to grow radishes outdoors:

1. spring
2. winter
3. Podzimny

The winter method of planting this plant is to sow seeds in the month of November. In the event that at this moment the ground is frozen, then dry seeds must be sown in the ground. After sowing the radish seeds, they are covered with humus. This method of planting this plant requires the choice of a southern or southeastern site. Also, when planting radishes in the winter period, you need to pay attention to autumn period the place was not flooded with melting waters.

In order to get seedlings of radish not two weeks earlier than during spring planting, it is planted in winter.

When using this planting method, the beds are prepared since the fall. To do this, grooves are cut, the width of which is five centimeters. During a snowy winter, snow is removed from the beds before planting radishes. Seeds are sown in the prepared grooves, and on top they are covered with peat.

The most commonly used when planting this plant is the spring method:

• Radishes are planted after the winter cold has subsided.
• Radishes are planted directly in open ground.
• Planting time for radishes spring period directly depends on the characteristics of the region.
• The most common planting of radishes is from late April to early May.
• Radish planting is carried out only when a long-term temperature is set at +15 degrees. At the same time, the night temperature should not be lower than +5 degrees.
• Before planting seeds, the beds are dug up and grooves are made in them.
• The distance between the grooves should be at least twenty centimeters.
• Planting seeds can be done in whole handfuls. Crops are dug up and abundantly moistened.

If there is a need for seedlings to appear a few days earlier, the planting site of this plant is covered with a film. The first shoots of radishes appear after five days. Most often used for planting radishes a large number of seeds, so the first shoots appear crowded.

In order for the radish not to "stack", it must be weeded. For this, the most strong plants. 2-3 seedlings are left after 5-6 centimeters. After a few days, the strongest are selected from these seedlings, and the rest break out.

In order for the fruits of the radish to be large and juicy, it needs to be regularly weeded. This not only removes weeds, but also loosens the soil, which has a beneficial effect on the size of the fruit. Also, this plant needs watering. In very dry soils, the fruits of the radish will be small and bitter in taste, and its ground part will begin to throw arrows. Thinning of this plant should begin only when the seeds in the majority germinate. This action is carried out approximately 5-7 days after sowing, when the rows are clearly visible.

After the final thinning, the radish must be watered from a watering can for rooting.

This is necessary because during thinning the root system radish, which without water may not be strengthened. Radishes need to be watered from a watering can. On average, two liters of water must be poured per square meter of beds.

Also, after planting radishes, he needs to ensure the timely application of fertilizers. Urea and mullein are used as fertilizers. You need to take one teaspoon of urea, and one glass of mullein. Five liters of the resulting solution can process 1 square meter of beds. Thanks to the introduction of these fertilizers, the development of radishes will be significantly accelerated. In order to limit the radish from the possibility of a pest attacking it, before weeding the beds, it is necessary to pour ground pepper or dry mustard in the amount of 1 teaspoon per 1 square meter.

Harvesting is carried out as it ripens. If the fruits have reached normal size, then they must be harvested. To do this, you just need to gently pull the plant by the stem.

Radishes can be affected by weevils, cabbage moths, larvae cabbage fly and many others.

In order to limit the possibility of the appearance of these pests, it is necessary to sprinkle the beds with ordinary wood ash. Before planting this plant, you should not use wood ash, as it can cause arrows to appear, which will negatively affect the crop. If radishes are affected by pests, it is necessary to immediately start fighting them.

• If you find a weevil beetle in the garden, then you need to spray the plant with special insecticides. Also, to prevent the appearance of this pest, you can plant garlic and onions around the garden with radishes. The cabbage moth infects the ground part of this plant, which negatively affects the crop. When this pest appears, a garden bed with radishes must be treated with antibacterial drugs.
• Cabbage fly larvae are very dangerous enemy radish. Therefore, when they appear, you must immediately begin to deal with them. When this pest appears, the bed with the plant is treated with special insecticides or wood ash.
• Radishes can also be affected by diseases such as black leg, white and gray rot etc. powdery mildew appears on radish leaves as white plaque. When the first signs of the disease appear, you must immediately begin to fight it. For this purpose, both chemical and bacterial methods can be used. With a bacterial method of struggle, special preparations for spraying are used. Using chemical method the use of fungicides is required. Also, when this disease appears, it is necessary to without fail remove the affected leaves of the plant.
• When a black leg appears on a radish, it is necessary to start fighting it immediately, otherwise it will destroy not only the ground part, but also the fruits of the radish. To do this, it is necessary not to overmoisten the soil during irrigation, and also to carry out regular loosening. You can also use insecticides to control the disease. White and gray rot can occur on the tops and tops of radishes above the ground. At the first signs of this disease, it is necessary to remove the affected plants from the garden, and also treat them with special preparations.

Growing radishes outdoors is enough simple process, which consists in sowing, care and control of pests and diseases.

More information can be found in the video.

We all love crispy and juicy radishes - this first spring vegetable, gives such long-awaited vitamins to our body tired over the winter. In addition, planting radishes in the spring is a great reason to start the first garden work for avid gardeners. Let's try to understand all the complexities of sowing and caring for this common crop.

Despite the fact that the radish is traditionally considered an easy-to-grow, unpretentious crop, certain rules of agricultural technology, nevertheless, must be observed. For example, sowing should not be postponed until the end of spring, since radish develops better in early spring, when daylight hours are still short, otherwise the culture becomes prone to shooting.

If speak about early varieties crops, they are able to give the first crop of root crops already 20-30 days after the first shoots hatch. Therefore, if you want to harvest vegetables as early as possible, you need to start preparing the beds for sowing early: as soon as the relative spring heat is established. Moreover, radish is rightfully considered a cold-resistant plant - planted in open ground, it survives nighttime temperature drops to -5 degrees without any problems.

The best time to sow radishes is last days March or early April, when the sun's rays are already quite actively warming the earth. To answer the question of how to choose the right time for sowing radishes, you need to consider average daily temperature, which became in your region: for example, if you plant a radish at a temperature of +8 degrees, the seeds will not germinate for a long time.

If the culture is sown at a time when the average temperature has reached +10 +15 degrees, the first green sprouts will begin to appear confidently in seven days. The seeds of radishes sown in open ground germinate most quickly when the air temperature stops at +20 degrees: in this case, you will see seedlings on the fourth day. Thus, when to plant a radish, you can decide for yourself, just focusing on weather and expected result.

Spring radish is also good because you can harvest the first selective crop already on the 20th day after germination - these will be medium-sized (but most long-awaited) root crops that should be carefully removed from the garden, thinning the rows. A little more time will pass, and it will be possible to harvest from the rest of the plants. Many gardeners confidently use the short vegetation period of the crop, extending the season for the whole spring - for this we simply sow radishes in several stages, observing a frequency of about 7 days.

By the end of spring, you can gradually reduce the pace of radish cultivation, since the hot summer time does not contribute to the formation of a high-quality root crop - the radish will grow small, dryish and not at all as tasty as the radish harvested in April or May. True, by the end of summer, sowing radishes in open ground can be resumed - cooler autumn air, as well as a short period of root ripening, fully contribute to another crop cycle.

Soil preparation

It's no secret that all plants, without exception, love high-quality and fertile soil. The radish is no exception. Like other cultures, it needs a carefully selected and pre-prepared bed. If you plan to sow radishes in March, then site preparation should be done the day before in the fall.

How to do it? Very simple: first of all, you need to add compost or humus to the ground and carefully dig it to the depth of a spade bayonet. Another requirement of culture is the composition of the soil. It is better to plant radishes in spring in loose, light soil. If the soil in your garden is clayey, try adding a little river sand or peat.

Preparatory work with the soil involves mandatory winter fertilizer - it is necessary to achieve maximum nutritional value of the soil.

To do this, a little mineral fertilizer is applied to the prepared land:

• ammonium nitrate - 15g;
• superphosphate - 25g;
• potassium chloride - 20g.

The specified amount of fertilizer is enough for 1 square meter of soil so that the cultivation of radishes is as productive as possible.

Seed preparation

By planting radishes in open ground, you can significantly speed up the process of emergence. To do this, you need to carry out a simple pre-sowing treatment seed material, namely, try to germinate them:

• many novice gardeners are wondering how to grow large root crops? It turns out that for this you just need to soak the seeds before planting them in the garden. The selected material is immersed for several hours in a solution of the Baikal EM-1 preparation, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:500. After that, the seeds are taken out, laid out on gauze folded in several layers and covered with a cotton cloth moistened with the same magic solution. A container with such a “sandwich” is sent for several hours to a warm place - the seeds will begin to hatch right before your eyes. As practice shows, radish seeds treated in this way give root crops that will be larger by an average of 30 g;
• when planning sowing, you can try to calibrate the seeds - for this they are sieved through an ordinary sieve with cells of about 2 mm. Thus, you will be able to select only the largest and most viable specimens;

• another trick of those gardeners who have been planting radishes for more than one year is seed treatment with potassium permanganate: it will protect plants from various diseases;
• sowing radish is best done manually, without the use of all sorts of devices. So you can endure optimal distance between future sprouts, which will provide the plants with the opportunity to develop normally, and you will save yourself from the need to thin out the beds. In addition, you will significantly save seeds - we recall that the optimal consumption of seed material is 5 g per square meter of beds.

Landing in the ground

You need to sow radishes in areas suitable for cultivation: it is better to choose the southern or southeastern parts of the garden, which are well lit by the sun, but at the same time well protected from cold spring winds. If you have not prepared the soil since autumn, then this is necessary before sowing radishes - in March you will have enough for all the necessary manipulations.

Add rotted manure or compost to the ground (1 standard bucket per linear meter of bed), sprinkle it all on top liter jar wood ash(for every 2 running meters) and dig well. Now it's time to level the surface, getting rid of lumps. When everything is done, you can form rows: for this we make peculiar “streams” at a distance of 10 cm from one another along the entire length of the selected area. You can sprinkle the formed planting rows with crushed coal from the fire - this will add looseness to the soil.

Some farmers prefer to treat the seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate and “powder” with starch - thanks to this, each seed becomes clearly visible in the ground, because our task is to spread them evenly along the entire length of the row, maintaining equal intervals in order to save ourselves from thinning seedlings. When all the seeds are lowered into the ground, it's time to close them up: you should not cover the radish with a thick layer of soil - it should not be more than 1-2 cm.

The main planting of radishes in the spring is completed. But our goal is a rich harvest, so let's try to take measures to protect future seedlings. To do this, we will sow spinach or watercress along the perimeter of the area with radishes - these crops effectively prevent the attacks of numerous insects. Planting radishes in the spring also involves organizing a protective shelter - the bed should be covered with a thin spunbond to protect it from possible cold weather.

Watering and fertilizing

Until the first shoots appear, watering should be carried out directly on top of the spunbond, in the morning every other day. Water consumption should be approximately 1 garden watering can of water settled in the evening for each square meter of beds. After a couple of true leaves appear on the seedlings, watering should be increased - now this must be done twice a day, in the morning and in the evening.

Moreover, it is better to finish the morning watering before the sun starts to bake, and the evening watering at dusk. Once every seven days, you can water the radish beds with a solution of fermented grass as an additional feed (two liters of solution for each bucket of water will be enough).

The frequency and intensity of watering are extremely important for radishes - the taste and commercial qualities of root crops will depend on a sufficient amount of moisture. The soil in the garden should be maintained in a slightly moistened state, however, avoiding stagnation of excess water - this situation is equally detrimental to the culture: with a lack of moisture, the roots will be dry, deformed, with a characteristic bitterness, and excessive watering can provoke rotting plants. In addition, even a short-term drought after excessive watering will lead to cracking of the roots.

If you are growing radishes in a closed greenhouse, we recommend using warm water for daily evening watering: thanks to warm water plants will be able to maintain the required temperature throughout the long and cold night.

Given the rapid ripening period, radishes show good yields even without additional fertilizer, provided that the soil in your area is fertile. If this is not the case, then you can support the seedlings (on the seventh day after their appearance) a small amount organic fertilizers- just add a little compost infusion to the water for irrigation. Another option is to mulch the beds with last year's dried humus or even mowed grass.

The main thing to remember when fertilizing radishes is in no case not enough! Otherwise, as with most root crops, the culture begins to actively increase its green mass, without paying due attention to the formation of a quality tuber.

The culture is often and successfully used by summer residents as a kind of marker: radishes are sown directly in the beds with cucumbers, beets or pumpkins. Considering short term growing season and early shoots, taking care of the beds (weeding and loosening the soil between the rows) becomes much easier, in addition, we get the opportunity to harvest two different cultures from the same garden.

Some especially resourceful gardeners while away long autumn evenings for an interesting and unusual activity - stick radish seeds on narrow and long strips of paper. If such "garlands" are dried and stored until spring, then we just have to lay a strip on the bottom of the prepared landing "stream". As a result, seedling thinning is not required.

Everyone who has grown radishes at least once on their site is unanimous in their opinion - you cannot keep the plants in the ground longer than the prescribed period, in the hope that the root crops will increase in size. Unfortunately, this will not happen, but the radish will definitely lose its taste and commercial qualities - it will become rotten, dry, and deformed.

Some virtuosos manage to successfully sow radishes for the winter - the seeds are placed in the ground when the garden is fully prepared for wintering, sometimes even after the first snow falls. This technology allows you to get the first spring harvest much earlier than the March plantings begin to bear fruit. Remarkably, winter sowing suggests that the seeds are placed exclusively in dry ground, and carefully mulched. protective layer. Then they will calmly overwinter, being at rest (which is important - they will simultaneously undergo a hardening procedure), and with the advent of spring they will be saturated with moisture and begin to actively develop.

And the last thing I would like to mention is the ability of radishes to accumulate nitrates. Therefore, when choosing a method of feeding, try to give preference to organic means: after all, everything that you pour into the garden, you will then eat yourself.

Video “How to get a good harvest of radishes”

From this video you will learn how to properly care for radishes and get good harvest.