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Garden roses: planting, care, reproduction, disease. Rose care at home

The rose is a versatile flower that is not only suitable for decorating any event, but also pleases us with its color on weekdays. In the latter case, we mean home (garden) roses, which often decorate the territory of private estates. However, the question "How to plant a rose?" continues to excite many gardeners. Is growing roses really such a difficult job? Let's figure it out.

Rules for planting the "Queen of the Garden"

"Queen of the Garden" and that's what they called the rose - that's enough unpretentious plant, which in terms of care is not much different from other colors. Although it still has its own characteristics in growing.

How to choose seedlings for planting

When choosing seedlings for the future decoration of your garden, it is better to pay attention to grafted specimens. They are characterized by a more powerful and developed root system, excellent frost resistance, good survival and large quantity flowers on the bushes. Grafted seedlings are less susceptible to disease.

In caring for such a plant, you will have to spend more time, since grafted roses require the mandatory removal of wild growth (over time, it can turn beautiful flower into an ordinary wild rose, since in most cases all cultivars are grafted from it). Own-rooted plants do not need such actions.

Did you know? In England, Iran and the United States, the rose is considered the national flower.

Based on the appearance of seedlings, then on sale you can find samples with both open and closed root systems (placed in containers or with a peat clod on the roots). It is best to give preference to a closed root system: when planting a plant, the roots will be less damaged and grow faster.

When choosing rose seedlings, do not forget to pay attention to their foliage. It should not be sluggish or dry. The shoots of the plant should also be strong and not have cracks or spots. The number of shoots on a good seedling cannot be less than 3.

When buying a plant with an open root system, you will have a chance inspect the roots and determine their condition. And in this case, there should be no damage.

If the selected seedling does not meet the specified requirements, then roses with such features will not be able to become a worthy decoration of your yard.

Choosing a landing site, what should be the lighting and temperature

Roses love the sun, so when choosing a suitable place for growing in the garden, it is recommended to pay attention to sunny areas. Being in the shade, roses stop blooming, dark spots appear on their leaves and blind shoots form. Often the plant is affected by powdery mildew. To avoid this, you need to choose a bright, well-ventilated area that will be protected from a strong north wind.

As for the characteristics of the soil, it should not be clay or sandy loam, and all other options are quite acceptable. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that the chosen landing site is away from ground water that come close to the surface.

Before answering the question "How to plant roses?" you need to find out exactly when you can land. Shrubs are planted 2 times a year: in spring and autumn (before frost). Autumn planting is preferred, since until spring all plants have time to take root well and bloom earlier than roses that were planted in spring.

In the middle latitude, autumn planting is carried out mid-September to mid-October and if you plant seedlings earlier, then there is a high probability of awakening dormant buds, which will immediately die with the onset of cold weather.

It is considered unfavorable and too late boarding, as seedlings may not have time to take root and will also suffer from frost. If you “guessed” with the planting dates, after 10-12 days new young roots will begin to appear at the seedling, which will have time to adapt before the onset of frost and calmly survive the cold winter.

In spring (if roses were planted in autumn), such plants begin to rapidly form the root and above-ground parts, and flowering occurs along with old, perennial bushes. At the same time, the flowers that were planted in the spring, on average bloom 2 weeks later and require more attention.

Before planting a plant, the soil must be properly prepared by feeding it with mineral and organic fertilizers. From organic options best solution is manure, and the first feeding with complex mineral fertilizer should be thorough, but not more than 15-20 g per bush (a large dose will adversely affect the flowers).

If spring planting is provided, then in the fall it will be necessary to dig a spacious hole up to 1.2 m deep and half a meter in diameter. It is filled with drainage (branches, large gravel, expanded clay are suitable), and the mixture is laid on top garden soil and humus, simultaneously adding mineral fertilizers. When planting roses in autumn, pits for bushes are prepared in 1-1.5 months.

How to plant a rose

Planting roses begins with the selection of seedlings and digging a hole in suitable place. We have already dealt with the first point, and as for the second, then the hole in the ground should be of such size that the roots of the rose feel free. If we are talking about fertile soils, then half a meter of depth and the same width will be quite enough. For clay soil, which must be pre-fertilized (humus or compost is mixed with rotted manure and soil), with the same width of the pit, it is necessary to dig to a depth of 60-70 cm.

Important! Fertilizers should not come into contact with the roots of seedlings, so they are sprinkled with a layer of soil.

Before placing the seedling in the hole, you need to pour water into it and wait until it is absorbed. Then a rose with a closed root system is immediately placed in the soil, and if the roots are open, then they will have to be cut to a third of the length and soaked in water (or a root growth stimulator) for several hours.

Given the size of the bush of a particular species and the rate of its growth, when planting plants, it is recommended to observe a certain interval (from 0.5 m to 1 m). However, the distance between the bushes can be determined independently, based on specific goals. For example, spray roses will look great not only in general, but also in single plantings. In the rose garden, it is necessary to observe a distance from a meter to one and a half (or 1.2 m) from a neighboring plant.

How to care for a rose in the garden

Usually roses do not require special attention, but this does not mean that proper planting and care are not important for these flowers.

How to water a rose

Caring for roses in the garden involves abundant, but infrequent watering. The ground under the bushes should not dry out, and the first sign that your rose needs water is withered flowers and leaves of the plant. Usually on medium bush roses require about 5 liters of liquid, and for climbing plant 15 liters are needed.

The water used for irrigation should not contain chlorine or be too cold, because for the normal life support of the bush, it must be watered with water slightly heated in the sun. The larger the bush becomes (roses are constantly growing and forming), the more water will be irrigated.

Flower feeding rules

If you grow roses, then you probably know that caring for them and growing them in the garden require periodic fertilization of the soil. In this plan it is better to give preference to natural top dressing - manure. The ideal option horse manure is considered to have been aged for at least six months. The waste products of chickens or pigs (especially when fresh) can only harm plants: because of the acid contained in them, young shoots will simply burn out. Fresh manure is also bad for the soil, blocking nitrogen.

In the process of the appearance of buds, it is necessary to feed the plant with a solution of calcium nitrate (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), and during the period of active growth and development of the rose, it must be watered every 10-15 days with an infusion of herbs, a solution of mineral fertilizers, infused mullein or chicken droppings . In order for the plant to better perceive the applied top dressing (for example, mineral fertilizers), it must be applied in dissolved form, immediately after the next watering. In the second part of July, roses stop feeding. Bushes begin to prepare for the cold.

Did you know? Like people, roses are also able to survive stress. In this state, they are in a period of extreme heat, cold or heavy rains. Help survivethey can do this time by spraying the plant with "Zircon", "Epin", "Ekosil" or sodium humate.

How to prune a rose

It is very important for roses to form a bush with the help of mechanical action, this is especially true when caring for a plant in open ground. Pruning is carried out by removing all damaged and weak branches, as well as those that are directed into the thick of the bush. After that, it is more clear how to further form a bush.

Important! It is necessary to prune a rose before buds swell on its branches. If asametwo branches interfere with each other, then the one that is located more successfully should be left. Also, preference is given to a younger shoot with a light bark.

When growing a grafted plant, you will inevitably encounter many extra shoots sprouting at the base of the bush (this happens in the spring). These shoots take away a lot of strength from the plant, which means that there are practically none left for lush flowering. So you need to leave only the most powerful, strong and tall of them, which in the summer will be able to give flowers. Everything else can be easily trimmed.

Pruning of roses after flowering is carried out at the gardener's own request, but during the procedure it is necessary to leave at least two buds on the shoots. No need to be afraid to perform this procedure: after a haircut, the rose is more actively overgrown with new greenery. Care should be taken only with a rose that does not restore its shape so quickly or the soil under it is too poor.

With the onset of autumn, all wilted flowers and damaged shoots are removed from the bush. All sections are immediately treated with garden pitch.

plant transplant method

In some cases, plant care also includes replanting the rose to a new location. However, first you need to make sure that the growing conditions in the new place will not differ from the previous ones: the rose will be able to receive enough sunlight and will be protected from the wind. If everything is in order with this, then we proceed to the preparation of the pit, filling it according to the requirements of the plant.

First of all, remove all weed roots from the chosen place. Then, leave the hole for a couple of days - the earth should settle. After that, it will be possible to proceed to digging a bush. We must try to dig up a rose with as much earthy clod. This is a rather difficult task, since the ground under the rose gardens is very loose and crumbles easily. Therefore, before digging, in order to better hold the earth, it should be watered, and to facilitate work near the bush, it is tied.

Important! Dealing with a large rose bush is quite difficult, so it's best to ask for help right away.

Having prepared a new pit for transplanting a plant, you must perform the following steps:

If the earth turned out to be too loose, and you failed to save the clod, then after digging up the plant, inspect all the roots well - damaged ones must be removed.

It happens that the rose "does not notice" the transplant and immediately takes root in a new place, but most often, especially when transplanted in spring or summer, the rose will recover for a long time. Roses are quite tenacious, so how to care for standard conditions, and their transplantation is a laborious, but not dangerous process for roses.

How to prepare a rose for winter

They begin to prepare a rose for winter in the middle of summer, stopping feeding the bushes with nitrogen fertilizers (at this time, the roses get potash and phosphorus baits). From mid-September, faded inflorescences are cut off, allowing the rose to fade before wintering. Many gardeners are interested in the question: Should garden flowers be cut in autumn? This is not required, but in some cases pruning the shoots makes it easier to cover the plants.

In hybrid tea species, ½ of the height of old branches is shortened in autumn, while park roses and scrubs are shortened by only 1/3 of their height. Climbing, miniature and ground cover species are not pruned, trying to cover them along their entire length.

Before sheltering garden roses, they cut off all the leaves and inflorescences, since under the snow cover they can become a source of fungal diseases. In addition, on reverse side leaves often persist pests. To destroy them before covering the plants with a film, the bush and the soil under it should be treated with a 5% solution of copper sulfate. Like caring for roses, preparing plants for winter will not take you much time and effort, the main thing is to carry out all the described activities on time.

How to propagate roses

There are not many ways to propagate roses, however, the desire of gardeners to have as many of these wonderful flowers on their site as possible, makes them thoroughly study each method. Let's take a look at each of them.

cuttings

The propagation method of garden roses by cuttings is good because established plants will not produce wild shoots. The stalk is part of a strong shoot, and it is cut next to the leaf bud. After germination using root stimulants, when roots appear on the cutting, you get a ready-made seedling that can be transferred to the ground.

Propagation of roses by cuttings provides for the rooting of two types of stem shoots: lignified and semi-lignified and is most often used for breeding room or park roses. Basically, the cuttings are cut when the green shoots of roses begin to become stiff (at the beginning of the flowering of the bush), but too lignified specimens are not suitable for this role.

seeds

Propagation of roses by seeds is rare. First of all, the result has to wait a long time, and secondly, n and you can never be completely sure that it will turn out to be positive. Seed germination during propagation of roses leaves much to be desired.

Did you know?Usually, the seed method of propagating flowers is used when breeding new varieties of roses or hybrids. He practices forbreedingwild roses, although not all species produce full-fledged seeds.

Rose budding

Rose budding involves the following steps. On the bark of the plant stem (as close as possible to the ground level), it is necessary to make a T-shaped incision and insert the kidney of the selected cultivar. After that, it is fixed with a film. The scion can use the developed root system rootstock. The operation itself is simple, although it requires some experience.

Reproduction by layering

Climbing and shrub roses, which are mainly found in gardens, are propagated by layering. This method is considered the most suitable, largely due to the fact that such plants have long and strong stems.

The shoot of the rose is cut in the lower part (by ring cuts in the bark), after which a match or a sliver is inserted into the cut. The cut part of the shoot is placed in a pre-dug shallow groove in the ground and fixed there. The free end must be tied to a pre-driven peg. From above, the shoot is sprinkled with earth (the top should remain outside).

Over time, the rooted shoot must be cut off from the parent bush (in most cases, this happens next spring, although it may take root by autumn). In this way, you can get new bushes not only from own-rooted roses, but also from grafted ones.

wonderful plant, which at proper care will delight you for years to come.

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To date, there are many hybrids of roses that do not require a large number attention when growing. Thanks to this, beginners in garden art have the opportunity to choose a view according to their preferences and climatic conditions. Among the modern variety of varieties, along with heat-loving ones, there are frost-resistant representatives that take root without problems even in Siberia. For better cultivation roses must follow the basic rules.

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Description, types and varieties

Rose is the generalized name of all representatives of this flower line, included in the rosehip genus. In the process of growth, they form bushes that vary in height depending on the species. Some do not exceed 30 cm, others can reach 2.5 m. By type, shoots are divided into uterine and annual. The standard classification is also not applicable to the shape of the leaves, it all depends on the type.

Appearance, color and size of flowers vary. There are buds from 2-3 cm in diameter to 15-20 cm (with the number of petals from 5 to 100). The color scheme is striking in its diversity, there are red, white, yellow, pink, black and even blue. Roses that change their color during flowering have become the pride of breeders. There is a conditional division of varieties into classes. This helps to correctly orient and choose the most acceptable option. The emphasis is not only on decorative indicators, but also on the place of the intended cultivation - in the country, in the open field or at home.

Common varieties of roses often used in garden design, depending on the group affiliation:

Floribunda - Aprikola, Aspirin-Rose, Bengali, Black Forest Rose, Crescendo, Debut, Gebruder Grimm, Hermann-Hesse-Rose, Intarsia, Isarperle, Kosmos, Innocencia, Schone Koblenzerin.
Ground cover roses - Bluhwunder 08, Heidetraum, Sedana, Mirato, Schneeflocke, Stadt Rom, Mirato, Schneeflocke, Sorrento, Stadt Rom.
Scrubs - Comedy, Goldspatz, Flashlight, La Rose de Molinard, Larissa, Medley Pink, Pink Swany, Shining Light, Yellow Meilove.
Hybrid tea roses - Elbflorenz, Grande Amore, Eliza, La Perla, Pink Paradise, Schloss Ippenburg, Souvenir de Baden-Baden.
Climbing large-flowered - Golden Gate, Hella, Jasmina, Kir Royal, Laguna.

The main groups of varieties of garden roses:

species name	Characteristic	Image
Park	Decorative representatives of roses. They are endowed with increased winter hardiness, tolerate low temperatures well without shelter in regions of average climate zone. Unpretentious to care, do not need annual pruning. They begin to bloom in late May - early June, the duration is from 2 weeks to 1.5 months. Bushes grow from 1 to 3 m in height
Hybrid Tea	Bushes no more than 80 cm high. They are distinguished by long and spectacular flowering. The buds bloom once and last from June to autumn. The flowers are large, 10–15 cm in diameter. The varieties are not frost-resistant, they need protective shelter in regions with cold winters.
polyanthus	They form numerous inflorescences on the shoots. They bloom from June until the first frost. Medium sized flowers - 7–10 cm in diameter
floribunda roses	An intermediate variety between hybrid tea and polyanthus roses. The buds are large when opened and exude a pleasant aroma. There is abundant flowering for a long period. Resistant to cold, remaining for the winter in open ground
Climbing	They are divided into 2 subspecies: small- and large-flowered. The first variety is characterized by buds up to 4–5 cm in diameter; the second - from 5 to 10 cm. A distinctive feature is flexible long shoots, at the ends of which small group inflorescences are collected
miniature	Compact bushes, abundantly sprinkled with small buds. endowed long term flowering until the first winter frosts. In gardens, they are grown not only in flowerbed compositions, but also in hanging and stationary flowerpots or planters.
Ground cover scrubs	Unusually decorative roses, which are planted as a continuous flowering lawn. Unpretentious to care, cold-resistant and with increased immunity to diseases
Modern park	A group that includes hybrids of Cordes, musk rose, rugosa, scrubs and moyesi. In short, all varieties are called scrubs. Includes all varieties that, for some reason, do not fall into other groups. They are characterized by the following features: buds of atypical configuration and different colors, smell pleasant, bushes are vigorous, strong and up to 2 m high. They bloom repeatedly during the growing season. Plants are unpretentious, have strong immunity, frost-resistant
shrubby	The main difference is a large bush with shoots diverging on the sides. Even with minimal care, they grow up to 2.5–2.8 m in height. The following varieties are most popular among gardeners: Modern Schrab, Grandiflora. In landscape design, they are often used as hedges.
Cascading	Rosehips with grafted climbing and ground cover roses at a height of 130–150 cm. The stems are long, sometimes drooping. The shape, size and color of the flowers vary and depend on the result of the vaccination.

Selection of seedlings

If you wish to receive lush roses in the garden, you should correctly approach the choice of seedlings. First of all, pay attention to external state. Shoots and stems should be green in color, elastic structure, with bark free from defects and damage. Be sure to have live and healthy kidneys. Similar requirements for the root system: no breaks, folds and rot. They try to touch the ground where the seedling is located so that it is slightly damp. Foliage must be alive, green, without spots.

Important points to pay attention to when choosing seedlings:

A sales tag is required for a quality product. She has all the necessary information: species, variety, selection.
The presence of ADR marking - a similar icon indicates varieties with increased resistance to diseases and the best decorative qualities.
The most expensive seedlings have 3 or more shoots, 2 of which grow from grafting; cheap ones have only 2, both from the vaccination site.

Roses come with open or closed roots, in containers. After buying seedlings with planting, it is not recommended to delay. This is usually done in the fall, before winter. However, in the regions middle lane, including in the Moscow region, landing is carried out in the spring. Otherwise, fragile young roots do not have time to take root in a new place and die under the influence of frost. It is allowed to plant roses in the summer, which is guaranteed to give a good result. This method may be more expensive.

Azalea - outdoor growing rules and home care

Landing

Regardless of the variety, all roses prefer a loose, soft, fertile substrate, with good drainage and an acidity index of pH 6–6.5. It is unacceptable to plant flowers in a site where similar species have already grown for 8-10 years in a row. Such land is completely devastated; no fertilizers can restore the missing elements in its composition. At the same time, there is an accumulation of pathogenic microflora.

Despite the love of light, the plant is not recommended to be planted in direct sunlight. This will not stop flowering, but the decorative appearance will change: roses become faded and withered. Therefore, the place is selected with shading, which is relevant at noon. Ideal location - close to low garden trees or along fences.

Before planting, seedlings are prepared: too long roots are cut with secateurs, dry ones are completely removed. It is unacceptable to touch the filiform roots. During spring planting, the stems are shortened to 30–35 cm, leaving up to 4 buds on the surface. For 2-3 hours, the seedling is placed in a bucket of water.

If clay soil prevails on the site, then in landing pit contribute river sand, sandstone is diluted with leaf compost. The sequence of agrotechnical measures:

A hole is dug 2-3 times larger than the size of an earthen clod with roots. The bottom is well loosened.
The seedling is buried to a level that is 4–5 cm higher than the grafting site. The extracted substrate is mixed with compost in a ratio of 1:3 and pure wood ash is added.
The free space is carefully filled up, the surface is slightly compacted.
At the end of the procedure, moisten the landing site abundantly. To prevent water from spreading, make a furrow around the perimeter.

Be sure to spud the root space, not only immediately after landing work but in spring and autumn. In the first case, such a technique helps to eliminate the rapid evaporation of moisture from the soil, and in the second, it protects the roots from freezing.

You can plant roses once with seeds. It is believed that they germinate for a long time, but it is possible to accelerate germination by preliminary keeping the material in the cold. When sowing before winter, it is desirable to treat the seeds with a stimulating solution. The bed is dug up, compost, peat and humus are added to it. Parallel furrows are made about 4 cm deep, where sowing is carried out. At the same time, an interval of 15–20 cm is observed. Sprinkle with soil on top. If the winter is expected to be frosty, cover the bed with any suitable material for safety. The site for spring sowing is best prepared in the fall.

Another effective option for germinating seeds is seedlings at home. A favorable period for this is the beginning of February. The seed material is pre-placed for several months in the cold, then soaked in a growth stimulator. They are planted in separate pots, where the peat-sand mixture is poured. Seeds are deepened by 3–4 cm, sprinkled with sand and moistened from a spray bottle. With the advent of 2-3 strong leaves, the seedlings swoop down separately. In May they are transferred to permanent place growth - in the garden.

Care

For full development and abundant flowering, roses need to be looked after. Mandatory procedures are:

Watering is carried out every 7 days so that the soil is soaked to a depth of at least 25 cm. Otherwise, the plant takes on superficial roots, which are easily damaged during subsequent loosening. Moisturize 2 times more often, if worth it hot weather. It is advisable to cover the root circle with humus or peat mulch. Then the moisture will evaporate less intensively.
Before the onset of the first frosts (in October), the bushes are wrapped in burlap, and the roots are sprinkled with a mixture of earth and sand.
Pruning plays a primary role in overall care. In the spring they resort to forming. In summer, wilted buds, drooping and diseased leaves are removed. Dry and damaged shoots are removed in autumn. Places of cuts are treated with garden pitch. Before the onset of winter, all weakened stems and shoots are pruned.
As top dressing, rotted horse manure is used, chicken and pork are contraindicated. This is due to their hyperacidity. Any fresh organic matter blocks nitrogen in the soil, thereby inhibiting the growth of flowers. The first time fertilizers are applied before the buds are laid. Calcium nitrate is suitable (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water). During the period of active growth, they are fed with infused liquid mullein, mineral supplements or herbal infusions. Frequency - 1 time in 2 weeks.

From mid-summer, all top dressing is stopped, watering is minimized. The plant needs to go into a dormant state, which serves as a preparation for wintering.

reproduction

Roses can be propagated by seed and vegetative methods. The first option is of little demand, since it does not retain varietal characteristics. Therefore, it is used more often in relation to wild representatives. The seeds are harvested when the fruits turn red. Previously, the raw material is stratified in moistened sand, kept until spring at a temperature of +3...+4°C. In the spring, the seeds are treated with a stimulant and planted in open ground. Top mulch with humus. After some time, the plantings are thinned out, distributing the bushes at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. In the summer they bring mineral supplements. Grown until next August, then used as a stock.

The most successful method of propagation is by cuttings, along with grafting and dividing the bush:

Method name	Description	Image
Summer cuttings	In the morning or in the evening cut strong shoots with a slight lignification. Cuttings 13–15 cm long are prepared. Several leaves and 2–3 live buds are left on each. The lower part is cleaned of foliage. The bottom is treated with a growth stimulator, the stalk is immersed in water, where rose petals are placed. Planted directly in the ground, previously sprayed with potassium permanganate. Top covered with a glass cap to create greenhouse conditions. Optimal temperature regime during the day - not lower than +25°С, at night +19...+20°C
Rooting in potatoes	most popular and easy way breeding. Thus, the cuttings are saturated with carbohydrates and starch from potatoes. In a bright area, a ditch is dug about 15 cm deep, filled with sand to a third of the volume. The cuttings are first stuck into the potatoes by 10-12 cm and placed in the prepared recess. Further manipulations are standard: cover with a cap, after a while hardening is carried out. Once every 5 days watered with sugar syrup
Reproduction in a package	The bottom of the cuttings is moistened with aloe juice, then deepened in a clod of earth, placed in a plastic bag. Hermetically sealed, after releasing the air from the inside. Hang for germination on the window. A month later, when young roots appear, they are planted in open ground.
Rooting in water	Freshly cut stems, divided into cuttings, are immersed in distilled water. Before that, spikes are removed from the surface and other vegetation. Change the water regularly until the cuttings take root.
Inoculation	Propagation by grafting is suitable for young rose hips. The procedure is carried out in the middle of summer. First, side branches are removed from the rootstock, and the root neck is cleared of the ground. An incision is made in the shape of the letter T, where the cutting is placed. Fix it in place in any way. After 15–20 days, the kidney is checked: if it is swollen, then the vaccination was successful. If it is black, then the method failed. Before the onset of winter frosts, grafted roses are spudded 5–6 cm above the grafting site. In the spring, the soil is raked. The plant is pruned over the graft. When pulling, pinch the top over the third leaf
By dividing the bush	Suitable for ungrafted varieties of roses. In the spring, before bud break, the bush is dug up and divided into parts. Each should consist of roots and shoots. Bare places are powdered with crushed coal. Then they are seated in separate places in the garden.
layering	With the onset of the first spring heat, a low-lying shoot on a bush is chosen. They bend it to the ground and put it in a dug hole. Pre-make an annular incision on the surface. Fix the shoot in place and sprinkle with earth. Further care- moisturizing until the cuttings take root. The next year, the baby is separated from the maternal source and planted separately.

Diseases and pests

Most roses are endowed with stable immunity to many diseases, but this does not exclude the possibility of damage. The most common diseases are:

Rust - the peak of the disease is observed in the spring. appear on the leaf surface brown spots, and from the inside - orange clusters of spores that turn black by the end of summer. Unauthorized leaf fall begins, the stems become brown. You can correct the situation by watering with a decoction of field ivy. The affected areas are removed.
Black spot - appears in August, towards the end of the month. The leaves are instantly covered with black areas in a yellow frame. Gradually it moves to the stems. Leaves fall. If appropriate measures are not taken in time, the flowers die. The treatment is the same as for rust damage.
Powdery mildew - a whitish coating forms on the leaf component and shoots, then streaks form. The disease is characteristic of varieties that are grown in greenhouses and at home. The disease is characterized by rapid spread. Plants showing signs of damage are cut and destroyed. The earth is sprinkled with ashes and dug up.

Of the insect pests, the most dangerous are aphids, spider mites. With few attacks, you can destroy the first pest manually or wash the leaves with soapy water. If there are a lot of insects, then treatment with insecticidal preparations helps. They fight the tick by applying tobacco or infusion of wormwood. With illiterate care, there are cases of attacks by thrips, sawflies and cicadas.

With a lack of nitrogen in the soil, the plant turns yellow. Spreading begins from below and is accompanied by leaf fall. The same goes for the top. If the foliage turns yellow only at the edges, this indicates a lack of potassium. Yellow streaks indicate a small amount of trace elements.

The rose is beautiful and, without any doubt, is the "queen of flowers." Correctly planting and exercising necessary care behind them, you can enjoy the beauty of your rosary for many, many years.

You just need to learn how to follow some simple rules for cultivating a beautiful culture. Learn the Basics five P rules: planting, top dressing, watering, pruning, cover for the winter.

Planting roses

The most important condition for the abundant flowering of the bush is landing site. Roses are sensitive to light and heat, which means that they should be planted in places well lit and well protected from cold winds. The best place- the south and southeast side of the site, because the rose enjoys the morning and afternoon sun. Shady places are only suitable for.

It is recommended to plant roses in the spring. Rose beauties are heat-loving plants, and as soon as the soil has warmed up well and the buds have not yet blossomed, you can start planting roses. Planting in the fall is a risky business, because not every rose bush is able to fully take root before the onset of frost and often dies.

Before planting, carefully examine the roots: cut off all damaged parts to living tissue, leave the rest of the roots no more than 20 cm. Shorten the shoots on the bush, leave strong shoots with 6 buds, medium - with three, weak and withered, cut out completely.

The planting hole for the rose should be wide and deep. so that the roots of the bush after planting were spacious. It is very important to sprinkle the place of budding (grafting) with a layer of earth by 5-7 cm, compact the soil around the bush and pour it abundantly (a bucket of water on the bush). Protecting seedlings from the bright spring sun, cover nonwoven fabric. Unravel the shoots and remove the shelter when the ground is fully warmed up and the size of the shoots reaches about 5 cm.

The soil is prepared in advance: fertilized and . From organic - the best fertilizer for roses there is, and the first dressing with complex mineral fertilizer should be thorough, but not more than 15-20 g per bush. An overdose will adversely affect roses.

For spring planting you prepare the soil for roses in the fall, everything is quite simple: you dig roomy holes to a depth of up to 1.2 m with a diameter of half a meter, fill it with drainage (branches, large gravel, expanded clay), lay a mixture of garden soil and humus on top, adding mineral fertilizers. At autumn planting prepare holes for bushes in a month and a half. The best seedlings are plants of the first two years. To stimulate the growth of roses, when planting, you need to cut off the tops of the shoots.

In the next video, you can see how to prepare for planting and plant a rose purchased in a box in the spring. The author will show how to properly spread the roots of the plant, prepare the planting hole and plant the "queen of flowers".

Given the size of the rose bush variety and growth rate, it is recommended to observe landing interval from half a meter to one meter. In general, you determine the distance between the bushes individually, pursuing your goal.

Large spray roses look great in single plantings (for example, a lawn and generally any free corner of the garden). In the rose garden, it is necessary to observe a distance from a meter to one and a half (or 1.2 m) from a neighboring bush.

For miniature rose bushes, which are planted to create borders (near the paths or the circle of the flower bed), a distance of sixty to seventy centimeters is enough.

Kinds climbing roses they love "loneliness", but it must be borne in mind that they do not stay in this state for long - the bushes grow rapidly. If you want to create a "wall" of climbing roses, you need to plant seedlings at a distance of one to two meters. In the spring, roses are also transplanted, while trying not to damage the roots and small shoots of the roots.

Fence covered with roses

If you purchased seedlings long before planting, then the publication will help you save your new pet.

rose care

Rose care is soil loosening, weeding, fertilizing, watering, disease and pest control, pruning and bush formation.

In order for roses to develop normally and bloom profusely, they needs to be fed. Roses respond very gratefully to the timeliness of feeding. The first top dressing should be done in the spring, when the buds appear, the second - in the middle of summer, for abundant flowering. At the end of summer, top dressing is not necessary to avoid the appearance of new shoots that will not ripen for wintering.

Today, many complexes have been developed for feeding, so choosing the right fertilizer is not difficult. Do not "overfeed" rose bushes with a large dose of fertilizer, otherwise the plant's reaction will be unpredictable: from building up green mass to stopping flowering or even development. Don't forget in two or three years in early spring bring under the bushes a certain amount of rotted or manure.

Once a week, roses need to be watered abundantly. best in the early morning or evening. It is necessary to constantly loosen the soil near the bush so that it does not overcompact around it, since the roots need constant access to oxygen.

Roses should be pruned every spring. before the awakening of the kidneys. Completely remove weak and diseased, old and dry stems, be sure to remove the shoots that have appeared below the place where the vaccination was made, otherwise the bush will degenerate into a wild rose.

In practice, they use Various types pruning: weak, when 8 to 12 buds remain on the shoot, moderate - with 4-6 buds and strong - cut most escape, leaving only 2-3 buds. Strong pruning is often required after a bad wintering so that the bush is updated faster. Pruning of roses is carried out with a sharp tool to avoid mechanical damage to the bark, the wounds must be covered with garden pitch.

Should I prune buds in autumn?

With the onset of cold weather, you need to think about shelter bushes roses. Today, some varieties of acclimatized varieties can winter without shelter. But flower growers say: in a harsh winter, bushes can die. It is necessary to choose the optimal time for warming roses, and this is the beginning of November, because if this is done early, then there is a possibility of danger for the roots, because they have already begun to fall asleep and they cannot revive.

Many rose lovers make a big mistake by over-wrapping their roses for the winter from frost. In this case, the roses die due to the damping of the bushes. It is not necessary to cover roses for the winter with spruce branches or branches - this is how roses die in the spring (most often in March).

If you did not find peat, cover the bushes in the winter with just loose earth, as frosts increase, pouring it into a cone (no more than 10-15 cm). In the third decade of March, all shelters must be removed, peat or earth must be removed, and after another week or two, roses can be fed. You can read the discussion on how to insulate roses before the onset of cold weather in the discussion

Three or four times per season, roses must be sprayed by special means to control fungal diseases, rust and pests.

Rose varieties

To date, the range of roses has numerous types, shapes, varieties and varieties. Every year it is replenished with about 200 new varieties. For decorative landscaping, roses are grown mainly in two groups: park and garden.

park roses- these are species and varieties that grow without requiring shelter, or winter with light protection. Special attention should be paid to needle-leaved, femoral-leaved or small-leaved roses, cinnamon, red-leaved or gray-gray, rusty, shiny, yellow, prickly (wrinkled) and others. The group of park roses is also represented by frost-resistant species - a variety of centifolous, damask, white and French.

garden roses bred selectively, when growing them, agricultural technology is actively used. They are quite tender and definitely require protection in the winter. Currently, more than 20 thousand of their varieties are grown. The most popular groups of climbing roses, semi-climbing, miniature, Kordes roses, moss roses.

Rose is very fragrant flower. And if your rose garden is filled with noble bushes, you will constantly admire the continuous flowering of remontant, flower climbing waterfalls, collect wonderful bouquets miniature species and inhale the fragrance of the most beautiful flowers on earth.

Other interesting and useful articles about roses.

Roses are noble ornamental plants that have been valued for centuries. They are planted in palace gardens, parks and household plots, and are loved for their aroma, appearance, graceful beauty, especially appreciated by women. Thanks to its many virtues, many people want to plant a garden rose. Unfortunately, the advantages they offer us come at a price.

Roses are pretty demanding plants who are generously grateful for the efforts and means invested in caring for them. This is exquisite plants, whose wealth tempts each of us to find our favorite variety. In the article below, we will present proven varieties, what a rose looks like, care and cultivation in the garden so that it grows healthy, beautiful.

Growing garden roses

There are many varieties of roses in the world. Their classification covers 5 groups, which differ in terms of decorative parameters:

large-flowered;
multicolor;
park;
ground cover;
climbing.

You can also select a group of historical roses and wild ones.

A photo. Beautiful climbing roses

A photo. large-flowered roses

Choosing a place to land

First of all, you need to find out where it is better to plant roses on the site in order to provide them with the best soil and climatic conditions. More precisely, the optimal conditions are described in the instructions for the cultivation of a particular variety. However, there are also general recommendations.

Rose loves sunny places. At the same time, it is not necessary that it be lit all day, and constantly be under scorching rays sun, but in the shade the flowers will not bloom.
The soil should be well permeable, fertile, preferably sandy.
Plants require some space to ventilate their planting site, this will protect them from fungal diseases.
Because of their seasonal decorativeness, they are best paired with evergreens that will provide a presentable green backdrop.

A photo. In a sunny place, roses will bloom profusely

When is the best time to plant roses?

As you know, many plants are best planted during the dormant period. When to plant roses in autumn or spring? This plant is best planted at the turn of October and November, but before the first frost. Another optimal time planting is the end of March - the beginning of April.

You can purchase ordinary seedlings with a normal root system and with a lump of substrate, which will allow you not to damage the roots when planting. Plants bought in pots are not as demanding in terms of planting time as traditional seedlings, they can be planted even in summer.

How to plant roses?

We moisten the root block. At the bare root system, we cut the roots, significantly reducing them - up to 20 cm in length.
We are preparing a hole - you can add fertile soil.
We plant the plant, evenly distribute the roots, check its vertical position.
Gradually sprinkle the plant with earth, water it, check its location and water it again. Repeat the steps several times until the hole is filled.
We pour a mound that helps to keep water within reach of the roots.

How to prune roses?

Roses are best pruned in the spring so we can assess the damage. winter frosts if there is damage. In addition, plants that are not pruned before winter tolerate low temperatures better.

Large-flowered and multi-colored varieties should be cut at a height of 20 cm above the ground, and the remaining varieties are cut as needed - removing frozen and diseased shoots.

How to prune a rose after flowering? You can also prune after flowering, removing dried flowers to encourage new blooms.

A photo. Trimming off faded flowers enhances flowering

Care, pest and disease control

Roses require a fertile substrate - so they must be fertilized, preferably twice a year - in early spring, and again when in bloom to ensure abundant blooms. There are many fertilizers for roses on the market, which affect not only abundant flowering, but also active growth, beautiful green leaves. Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease.

Roses are most often affected by leaf rust and other fungal diseases. They are also often affected by aphids. Therefore, at the beginning of the growing season, it is advisable to spray them prophylactically with special chemicals, carefully observe and respond to any changes in the condition of the plants.

If it is a grafted variety, you need to regularly trim the rootstock - wild rose, which often appears at soil level, as it can drown out the grafted part.

Growing roses in the garden, video

Preparing roses for winter

This plant is sensitive to frost, so we must take care of it in winter. Before frost, the base of the bush should be especially well protected by covering this area with bark or other material for insulation. Grafted forms on stems, or climbing roses or large bushes, can be protected with agrofibre and straw "sheaves". They are not only effective in winter, but also quite attractive.

Rose varieties

There is a huge variety of these plants. Consider the most popular varieties.

large-flowered roses

They have the highest decorative qualities. These are solitary magnificent flowers, blooming on a straight stem. Often varieties of large-flowered roses have a wonderful aroma.

The following large-flowered varieties are also known:

white and cream - "Pascal", "Mounte Shasta", "Papt John XXIII";
red - "Mr. Lincoln", "Dame de Coeur" (Lady of the Heart), "Papa Mayland";
two-color - "Kronenburg", "Neue Revue", "Die Welt";
purple - "Blue Moon", "Charles de Gaulle";
orange - "Flora Danica", "Ave Maria", "Lady";
yellow - "Mir", "Casanova", "Landora".

multicolor roses

Often used in home gardens and increasingly in urban greens. The flowers are smaller than the large-flowered species, but they are more numerous, forming massive clusters on the shoots. The flowers are often fragrant, bloom very profusely and repeat bloom.

Popular varieties:

The following multi-flowered varieties are also known:

white and creamy - "Swany", "Schneewittchen";
red - "Pushta", "Lily Marlene", "Nina Weibull";
orange - "Samba", "Rumba";
pink - "Queen Elizabeth", "Kalinka", Bonica 80;
yellow - Frisia, All Gold, Marselisborg.

ground cover roses

As the name suggests, they quickly cover the soil with shoots. This is a low, very stable group, does not freeze, does not get sick, does not require care. Roses are decorative, with abundant, slightly more subtle flowers that look very natural and charming.

Popular varieties are:

The following ground cover varieties are also known:

white - "Snow Ballet";
red - "Mercury 2000";
pink - Sommerwind, Veneda;
yellow - "Sommermond".

Ground cover roses are easier to care for, grow easily and require less attention than varieties of other groups. The plants are resistant to frost, so, unlike other garden roses, they do not need to be protected from it.

Bushes do not require heavy pruning - only diseased and damaged shoots should be removed every year in the spring - or wilted flowers should be removed (numerous coral fruits adorn the bush in autumn). In addition, they are usually more disease resistant than other varieties.

Landing. Seedlings are planted in spring or autumn in dug up soil, to which manure or compost (4-8 kg / m²) is added. You can also add fertilizer for roses (recommended by the manufacturer). Most varieties in the garden are planted at 4 pieces/m², but there are also stronger varieties that need 2 pieces/m² (for example, Max Graf, Weisse Immensee) and weaker varieties that should be planted at 5 -6 pieces / m² (for example, "Beautiful Fairy", "Fairy").

climbing roses

This group is growing faster and stronger. Climbing varieties require reliable support in the form of supports to which shoots are attached. These varieties often repeat flowering and are very fragrant.

Varieties worth noting:

The following popular climbing varieties are also known:

white - "Snow White", "Elf";
red - "Flammentanz", "Baikal", "Amadeus", "Dortmund";
pink - "New Dawn", "American Pillar";
yellow - "Golden rain", "Goldstern".

These varieties belong to the group that requires more time and patience. To get the effect of a flowering wall, sometimes you have to wait 3-4 years or even longer. Plants can climb a pergola or tree by clinging to the thorns, however, sometimes they need help in the form of a garter to a support.

Climbing cultivars tend to have smaller flowers than large-flowered cultivars, but newer cultivars are also characterized by fairly large flowers. Assortment in recent times has expanded significantly, so it’s easy to find an option in almost any color.

Climbing varieties are less demanding on soil and relatively resistant to frost, but more vulnerable to pest damage on leaves and shoots. Climbing varieties are best planted with an existing support such as a trellis or pergola. They can also be planted in wooden pot with a lattice, in which they will be presented very exquisitely.

It is very important to carry out the correct and timely pruning. For varieties that bloom once a season, pruning should be done only after the shoots have faded.

Hard-shooting Ramblers, characterized by smaller flowers, are pruned every year, removing the whitened shoots and the whole mass of thin, long branches growing at the base of the bush. To speed up the growth of the bush, we can cut only half of the two-year-old shoots that will fill in the gaps. Strong pruning in lower parts bush is especially necessary for some varieties (for example, "Dorothy Perkins"), because the plants are easily attacked powdery mildew- a disease of roses that develops when the leaves remain wet for a long time.

Varieties of climbing roses that repeat bloom do not require as much pruning. It is enough to remove the oldest or too thin shoots that thicken the crown every 2 or 3 years. Frozen stems or damaged by diseases should be removed every spring.

park roses

This is the last group, which is also called cultivated dog roses. These varieties are bush-shaped, characterized by high resistance and low maintenance requirements. The flowers are very attractive, in groups or solitary, usually in warm colours. Very often used on open lawns or in urban areas.

The following varieties are distinguished in this group:

The following park varieties are also known:

white - "White Grootendorst";
red - "Grand Hotel", "Kordes Brillant";
pink - "Pink Grotendorst", "Rosary Yutersen";
yellow - "Lichtkönigin Lucia", "Westerland", "Persian yellow".

Roses are one of the most noble plants. Great care and planting requirements are paid off by its excellent appearance and pleasant aroma. For centuries, they have been used in gardens, where they have become a real decoration of the landscape.

Among the beautiful, attractive flowers, the rose stands out. In order to grow this flower on your own, it is important to know about its care. Proper fit and nuances matter a lot. Subject to certain recommendations, roses will delight you for a long time with their unique beauty.

Landing

First of all, you should pay attention to the place of planting flowers. A well-lit, wind-sheltered piece of land is best suited. Among the features of the plant, one can single out the fact that they are quite sensitive to sunlight and warmth.

South, southeast side will be an ideal place. You should consider the basic recommendations on how to grow roses.

The most favorable landing time is spring. After all, roses are heat-loving plants. At a time when the soil warms up a little, they are engaged in planting. Roses are rarely planted in the fall. This is a big risk, because not all rose bushes will be able to take root before the cold comes.

Pay attention to the roots of the plant. The roots should not exceed 15-20 cm. If you notice damaged areas, or dried ones, they should be cut off.

The pit for planting the plant should be deep and wide enough. Then it is sprinkled with a layer of earth, abundantly watered with water. When watering, you must follow the rule: for one bush - one bucket of water. Cover the roses with non-woven fabric. It will serve as protection from the spring sun rays.

Prepare the soil properly. It should be filled with mineral, organic fertilizers. The latter type includes manure, which acts as an additional top dressing. When fertilizing mineral fertilizers take into account the proportion: a maximum of 15-20 g per rose bush. Fertilizer should be evenly distributed, its excess will negatively affect the further flowering of roses.

Most often, the soil for planting is prepared in the autumn season. The depth of the pit is 1.2 m, its diameter is 0.5 m. It should be filled with branches, expanded clay, crushed stone, then earth with humus and mineral components should be laid. If planting occurs in the fall, prepare the site for a month.

Seedlings of the first two years, as you can see in the photo of roses in the garden, are best suited for planting. To stimulate their growth, the tops should be cut off periodically.

The optimal landing interval is 0.5-1 m. Although this recommendation can be neglected, depending on individual preferences and the goal. In particular, large spray roses look beautiful alone. You should seat them, adhering to a certain distance.

If we are talking about planting small bushes, then the distance is 60-70 cm. Most often, such bushes are planted in order to create borders near paths, or flower beds.

Climbing roses are among the single flowers. They grow quickly, so a certain distance should be observed when planting them. To create a "wall" use this type of roses. When transplanting flowers, be as careful as possible, do not damage the root part, or roots.

Care

To watch beautiful roses in the country, you should properly care for them. This is soil loosening, proper feeding, disease control and others. important processes to save the flower.

Top dressing plays a significant role in the development of roses. The first procedure is carried out in spring time, the second - in the middle of summer. At the end of this period, do not feed to avoid the appearance of shoots.

You can choose the necessary complex, observing the balance and measure. After all, exceeding the norm will entail unpredictable results. At best, you will get improved plant growth, at worst, they will stop growing completely.

Alternate every 2-3 years manure, compost for fertilizer.

Water in the morning or evening once a week. The soil around the bush should be loosened so that the earth is saturated with oxygen.

Pruning occurs in the spring before the buds begin to awaken. Sick, weak stems should be removed. Apply for this process weak and strong pruning. Use a sharp tool to minimize the risk of damage, wounds to the bark.

At a time when colds come, it is worth considering shelter. There are separate types of roses that are able to survive cold, adverse conditions without shelter. According to experienced gardeners, it still needs to be applied. Start this process in early November.

Avoid excessive wrapping of plants, covering with spruce branches. Because of this, the roses will die. Use peat for cover, or just loose earth. The layer should not exceed 10-15 cm.

In one season, it is necessary to spray the roses with special products about three times. This will protect the plant from fungal diseases, pests, or rust.

Varieties

There are many varieties of roses, their list is constantly growing. According to statistical studies, the number of varieties increases by 200 annually. For landscaping in decorative purposes use park and garden roses.

Do not require shelter, endure the winter season with minimal protection park grade roses. For example, needle, or gray varieties. Damask, white, French varieties can be attributed to frost-resistant roses.

Garden roses are bred in a selective way. In order to grow such flowers, agricultural technology is used. These are delicate flowers that require protection in the cold season. Their number for this moment time is about 20,000. Moss, Kordesa, miniature, semi-climbing varieties are among the most popular types.

findings

Roses are considered one of the most beautiful and fragrant flowers. In order to grow such flower waterfalls, you must follow certain recommendations, properly care for the plants. This applies to site selection, feeding, and other important processes.