Park rose (rose hip): characteristics of species. Rosehip decorative

Rosehip is one of the most common plants that belong to the Rose family. It has a huge number of species, which different sources number from 300 to 500.

On the territory of Russia, the May rosehip is considered to be the most common and famous, which is unpretentious, resistant to weather changes and always richly bears fruit:

Useful Features

Rosehip is rich in active substances, vitamins and microelements. Its properties are often used in both traditional and traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.

At the same time, its useful components appear almost everywhere: in roots, leaves, branches, berries, seeds and flowers.

That is why each family, having a personal plot, seeks to grow several bushes of traditional or decorative wild rose there, decorating with it not only the territory, but also providing itself with a storehouse of necessary useful substances for a whole year.

It is customary to make tinctures, teas, make jams and marmalades from rose hips, just eat the berries fresh or dried. At the same time, dry inflorescences, leaves, branches and berries are able to preserve and not lose their properties for several years.

Rosehip perfectly treats dermatitis, colds and infectious diseases, restores bleeding, heals wounds and mucous membranes, perfectly cleanses the intestines, liver and gallbladder.

plant varieties

If there are no wild rose hips near the house to maintain stocks of medicinal components, then you need to start it yourself.

For this, noble plant varieties are most often chosen, with large fruits and a minimum number of thorns and thorns. Such bushes perfectly complement the landscape of the territory, delighting with a huge number of bright and large flowers that last for more than one month.

Rose hips are most often chosen for home plantings. the following types: apple, brown, spiny, glaucous, daurian, alpine, wrinkled, Webb's or Fedchenko's rosehip.

There are other popular species that are distinguished by their unpretentiousness and a rich supply of vitamins:

1. Vitamin vnivi. Assumes a bushes up to 2 meters high. The entire zone of fruit formation does not have spiny processes at all. During flowering it has a pleasant aroma. The flowers are small, but predominate in large numbers. The pulp of the fruit has the most high level vitamins from all types of rose hips. Vnivi perfectly tolerates the cold season and gives good harvest.
2. Large vnivi. This type of wild rose is famous for its large and juicy fruits. Because of this, it has a massive crown and branches. The maximum height of the bushes reaches a maximum of 1.5 meters. There are few thorns, the flowers form large and beautiful - pink with red edges.
3. the globe. Rosehip of this species has thick branches, and the bush itself takes round shape. This is especially noticeable during the period of fruit ripening, when the branches bend under the weight of the berries. The globe forms the root system well and gives many shoots to new bushes. It has beautiful bloom and tolerates the cold season very well.
4. Rosehip - oval. This type of plant has the sweetest and most suitable for drying fruits. They are often used to make jams, jams, candied fruits. Dried fruits can be stored in their original form for several years.
5. Sergei Mironov. This rose hip was bred specifically for home planting. The plant is not afraid of the cold and perfectly fights any pests. Gives an annual good harvest and violent spring flowering.

Soil preparation and planting

Only rose hips that grow in wild environment. And those varieties that you want to grow at home require proper care and planting bushes in the ground.

To do this, it is necessary to prepare the soil so that the wild rose quickly takes over and gives bountiful harvest at the end of the season.

First of all, you need to know in what period the plant will best take root during planting.

For this experienced professionals choose the end of September or the first half of October, when the land is no longer dry and has enough fertilizer. Rarely, rose hips are recommended to be planted in the spring.

If this is the case, then you need to have time to plant the bushes before the first buds appear on the trees.

The soil for planting should be protected from the wind as much as possible, have good lighting and access to the sun. Additionally, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with compost made on the basis of potassium salt and superphosphates. If the landing will be carried out in the spring, then it is recommended to fertilize the land in advance - in the fall, and let it overwinter.

Secrets of the right fit

Planted standard rosehip seedlings should have a stem above the root system with a height of at least 80-100 centimeters.

Given the future possible growth and the formation of the bush itself, seedlings should be planted at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from each other.

In the photo, rosehip seedlings

Pits for planting should reach 30-40 centimeters in depth and half a meter in diameter. About 10-15 kg of humus or compost can be added to each seat. Planted bushes need abundant watering. The soil around them can be covered with sawdust or dry earth.

Proper care

Young rosehip bushes that have not yet had time to take root well need constant care. To do this, they need to be constantly watered and fertilized.

Older bushes can be fed less often, but they require timely pruning and crown formation. On average, one bush can have from 20 to 40 liters of water, depending on weather conditions and its dimensions.

Starting from the third year of life, each rosehip bush is recommended to be fed with mineral and organic fertilizers: phosphate, potash, nitrogen. During the period of fruit formation, bird droppings diluted with water will be a good fertilizer.

Furrows with fertilizers must be covered with soil and watered abundantly in the next few weeks.

Rosehip pruning

You need to trim the dogrose in moderation. Removing only really superfluous branches that do not allow large fruits to form.

Pruning should be done in the fall, after harvest. On average, a 5-year-old bush should have no more than 5-8 main strong branches coming from the roots.

All branches and cuttings that go aside for propagation must be removed or planted in a timely manner, not allowing the plant to form thickets. Be sure to remove branches that have become weak, broken or diseased.

Rukh rosehip

Preparing for winter

Most often, domestic rose hips do not need additional shelter or insulation. An exception can only be young seedlings of ornamental varieties, which can strongly bend down to the soil by winter.

Before the winter period, all plants need to be fed on time, cut and harvested ripe fruits.

Shrub propagation

Rosehip propagation can occur in several ways.

1. Root offspring. Every year, an adult bush gives a certain number of young shoots in the spring, which grow alongside today. They can be dug up with great success and planted nearby in appropriate conditions. However, wild rose varieties bred in a special way may not transfer all their varietal characteristics to the shoots.
2. root cuttings. AT autumn period when the wild rose is already starting to throw off the leaves, you can propagate the bush manually - having dug out the required amount of the root system. It is placed in a special wet place - a basement or barn with wet sand or soil, and then planted back into the ground in early spring.
3. Rosehip breeding green cuttings suitable for breeding bushes older than 5-7 years. AT summer period the shoot of green cuttings is actively observed next to the main bushes. To do this, they need to be cut off in the cool morning time, collected in small bunches and allowed to stand for a day in a solution of the growth substance. After the expiration date, the ends are rinsed with water and planted for rooting.
4. seeds. Rose hips can also reproduce by their seeds, which form inside the fruit. At the end of the season, seeds can be harvested by hand and placed in wet sand for the winter. Seeds should be sown in early spring, additionally fertilizing the soil in advance.

Planting a rosehip cutting

Pests and diseases

Most often, rose hips are attacked by aphids, strawberry weevil, spider mites, sawflies and variegated flies. With their huge number, the bushes are processed by special means and their solutions, in particular Aktellik.

However, you can do without chemicals, having treated pests with an infusion of young potato tops, wormwood or dry mustard.

The main diseases of rose hips are rust, which can cover the stems, leaves and fruits. Against it, a solution of bental, foundationazole or preparations in which there is a sulfur content is used. At home, rose hips can be treated with ordinary whey.

Rose hips are among the richest in natural minerals and vitamins. They can be consumed fresh, dry and even frozen.

They are the basis for many desserts and healthy drinks. Rosehip has a huge amount medicinal properties capable of short time get rid of a wide variety of advanced diseases.

A seasonal supply of berries, leaves and branches, even from one bush, can provide you with useful components for the whole year!

Among other shrubs, wild rose is very popular with gardeners, and planting it on the site and caring for the plant will provide a whole range of vitamins and minerals for the whole family. Thanks to its beautiful fragrant flowers, the plant is widely used for garden decoration. And the sharp thorns on the branches of bushes planted in a row will provide an impenetrable hedge.

in the wild perennial shrub of the Pink family is often found on the banks of rivers and slopes of beams, it can be seen in forest clearings and edges. A bunch of cultivars wild rose is successfully grown by professionals and amateurs for decorating parks, garden plots and residential areas.

Location selection

The ability of the plant to tolerate drought and frost well allows it to be used to strengthen the soil along ravines or streams. Rose hips are planted around the perimeter of the site to create a thorny hedge. Some types of rose hips are placed to decorate outbuildings or an unsightly compost heap.

If rose hips are grown for useful fruits, then different varieties plants should be planted next to each other, giving them the opportunity to pollinate. A singly planted bush will serve purely decorative purposes.

Powerful root system plants are able to spread rather quickly to the sides, growing with underground shoots in upper layers soil. You can stop the sprawl by protecting the bushes with slate scraps dug into the ground to a depth of 20–30 cm.

When choosing a place to plant a perennial, it is necessary to be guided not only by the aesthetic features of the plant. For normal development and fruiting, an unpretentious shrub will still require certain conditions:

• sunlit area;
• fertile loamy or slightly acidic soil;
• absence ground water.

Placing the shrub in low wetlands will result in the death of the plant.

Planting a plant

Rose hips should be planted in spring or autumn season into prepared soil. To do this, digging the site is carried out with the simultaneous introduction of a bucket of compost, 40 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt per square meter.

Before planting, the rosehip roots should be dipped in a mash made from clay and manure.

One-year or two-year-old seedlings are placed in landing pit size 40x40 cm, placing them at a distance of a meter. Before planting, carefully inspect and straighten the roots, if necessary, remove damaged areas. A seedling is placed on a hill prepared at the bottom of the hole from the soil, carefully straightening the roots. Gently sprinkle with a fertile substrate, gradually compacting it around the plant. After planting, the ground is watered with water and mulched with compost, peat or rotted sawdust.

Seedlings need to be watered regularly, the soil around the plant should be loosened and weeded. In early spring, everyone young bush the stem should be cut, leaving three buds above the ground.

Rosehip Care

To increase the yield and improve the quality of the fruit, you should properly care for the plant during the growing season.

• Watering

Adult plants are watered 3-4 times per season, 2-3 buckets under a bush. During the fruiting period, the volume of liquid increases to 5 buckets.

• loosening

• pruning

In autumn or spring, before bud break, it is recommended to remove all diseased, dried, weak and pressed branches to the ground. Shorten healthy ones, leaving 60-70 cm. A three-year-old plant leaves 5 of the strongest and most powerful shoots. Subsequently, it is necessary to carry out annual pruning, adding 5 branches each. An adult bush should be formed from 18-20 strong shoots.

Briar that has reached six years of age, begins to produce fewer fruits, so it is recommended to remove all old branches, rejuvenating the perennial. The procedure should be carried out in the spring, giving the plant the opportunity to recover in the summer. Young strong offspring will start growing right from the roots. Autumn pruning of shoots coming from the roots can adversely affect the further development of the bush.

It is necessary to cut off old branches at the very base. Shortening the shoots will only lead to the appearance of shoots.

• Preparing for winter

Frost-resistant plant does not require additional shelter for the winter. Young seedlings of some ornamental varieties can be covered from frost. To protect the bushes, it is necessary to insulate trunk circle using mulching materials - fallen tree leaves, straw. Wrap the bush itself with burlap or non-woven covering material.

• top dressing

Young plants need organic matter, which is brought under the bush in early spring, the wild rose is fertilized again during the period of active shoot growth, the last top dressing is carried out in September.

Starting from the fourth year of rosehip development, during spring digging, 3 kg of humus or compost is added under each bush. In September, for 1 sq. m. add 30–40 g of superphosphate and feed 15–20 g of potassium salt.

Each top dressing should be accompanied by subsequent watering and loosening of the earth.

Reproduction by seeds

A simple method of propagating perennials by seeds requires quite a long time.

Planting material can be purchased at garden stores. When self-harvesting seeds, it is necessary to choose unripe fruits that have an unsaturated red color. In this case, the germination of seeds will be quite high.

1. Autumn in open field make grooves 2 cm deep and place wild rose seeds in them.
2. Crops should be mulched with humus or compost.
3. In the spring, it is recommended to cover the bed with a polyethylene film stretched over the frame. In warm soil, the first shoots will quickly appear. With the onset of heat, the film must be removed.
4. The appearance of three true leaves on the seedlings is a signal for picking plants.

The subsequent care of seedlings consists in watering, loosening and weeding with periodic fertilization.

Reproduction by layering

For propagation of the plant, arcuate and horizontal layers of rose hips are used.

1. In the spring, arcuate shoots are selected and fixed with studs in specially prepared holes. Buried stems mulch with loose fertile soil, periodically increasing its layer to form adventitious roots.
2. To improve the quantity planting material you can use horizontal layers. Humus is laid in the furrows with the addition of organic and mineral fertilizers. A horizontally growing strong branch of the plant is placed in the soil for the entire length of the shoot and sprinkled with a layer of fertile substrate. When correct organized watering and regular hilling during the summer will begin active growth shoots. By autumn, each of them will form its own root system. After a year, you can divide the layers and transplant them for independent development.

Choosing a method of reproduction by layering, it is necessary to outline the most powerful and productive bush.

Reproduction by cuttings

It is advisable to propagate wild roses by cuttings in late June or early July.

1. Shoots with leaves are cut off from a bush pre-selected for propagation.
2. cuttings sharp knife or secateurs must be divided into parts, each of which must have at least three nodes. A straight upper cut is carried out 1 cm above the node, the lower cut of the handle is made at an angle of 45 degrees.
3. The bottom sheet must be removed along with the petiole, the rest cut in half.
4. Place the cuttings treated with a growth stimulator in a substrate of a mixture of sand and peat in proportions of 3:1.
5. Planted obliquely, the petioles must be regularly watered and sprayed. It is more convenient to maintain humidity when growing plants in protected ground.
6. After a month, when the petioles take root, the frequency of watering should be reduced.
7. It is necessary to remove fallen leaves in a timely manner and loosen the soil.

Planting seedlings in the place of permanent growth is carried out in October or November. Preservation of an earthy coma during transplantation contributes to a better survival of the plant. The root neck of the rosehip should be deepened by 4-5 cm.

Reproduction by dividing the bush

A perennial that has reached the age of six is ​​dug up and, shaking off excess earth, is divided into parts. The resulting bushes are planted in pre-prepared pits.

Harvesting

Rose hips are harvested as they ripen, in stages from August to October. Calyxes and stalks should not be cut off. harvested must be dried and placed in a cloth bag for long-term storage.

An unpretentious perennial planted on the site will help solve the problem of fencing and decorative design. Having provided the plant the necessary conditions for growth and proper care, you can easily get berries containing vital minerals and vitamins for a person.

Rosehip is a perennial shrub, a genus of plants. Its second name is "wild rose". Rosehip not only has beautiful flowers, but is also a storehouse of vitamins. On the suburban area he rightfully holds the record for the content of vitamin C, ahead of apples and currants. When planting a shrub, it is necessary to take into account the composition of the soil, as well as the lack of groundwater, since their stagnation can lead to rotting of the roots. Rosehip care mainly consists of watering, pruning and feeding the plant. Reproduction is carried out by root offspring, seedlings, as well as by growing from seeds. About 100 varieties of wild rose grow on the territory of the Russian Federation. And many of them are endemic. You can familiarize yourself with the variety of varieties of "wild rose" by viewing the gallery with photos.

Varieties

When choosing rose hips for planting in a summer cottage, it is best to give preference to varieties with a high content of vitamins.

• rose wrinkled(R. rugosa). One of the most popular species among gardeners. Its height reaches one and a half meters. It has a huge number of shoots, which facilitates the process of reproduction. The species is frost-resistant and is not afraid of soils rich in salts. It can grow in poor soils and windy areas. The homeland of the wrinkled rose is the Far East.
• Rosehip May, he is Sh. cinnamon (R. cinnamomea L., R.maialis Herrm). In the wild, it grows independently in the European part of Russia, up to Siberia. The height of this plant fluctuates around 2 m. It is distinguished by rare thorns, and on shoots with flowers they are not at all. The flowering of the species occurs in May.

Rosehip May

• Rose hips(R. acicularis Lindley). Winter-hardy variety that can withstand severe frosts (up to -40 degrees). The height of the shrub varies in the range from 1 to 3 m. The fruits of the needle-rose hips are high in vitamin C, and their size reaches 1.5 cm.
• Rose Webb(R. webbiana Wall. ex Royle). A perennial plant whose height reaches 1 m. It has rare, slightly curved thorns. The flowers are red or pink, sometimes white. It grows mainly on the slopes of mountain ranges (in the Himalayas, Pamirs, Tibet and Mongolia).
• dog rose(R. canina) - a plant species with a low content of ascorbic acid. His distinguishing feature- the absence of a hole at the top and quickly falling leaves.

Advice. Rose hips can be easily tested for vitamin content. It is believed that vitamin plant species can whistle. If you blow into the hole at the top of the fruit, you will hear a small whistle.

Among the breeding varieties are:

• "Vitamin VNIVI"- early medium variety. Requires pollination. Therefore, you will need to plant another bush, but of a different variety. It has massive fruits and a considerable amount of vitamins. The yield of the variety is about 2.5 kg per plant. There are no thorns in the places of fruiting, which facilitates the process of collecting fruits.
• "Vorontsovsky 1"- a hybrid of two roses: wrinkled and Webb. In addition to vitamins C and bioflavonoids, it has a high content of folic acid. The yield is slightly higher than the previous one and is about 3 kg.
• "Large-fruited VNIVI"- winter-hardy, high-yielding and resistant to diseases and pests variety. Is different long flowering. Rose hips are usually used to make jam, jam and other preparations.

Rosehip large-fruited VNIVI

• "Russian 1"- vitamin grade. Grown mainly in the Ural region. Productivity from 1.5 to 2 kg. Rust resistant.
• "The globe" – winter-hardy variety, high, contains many vitamins.
• "Finger"- winter-hardy and pest-resistant variety. Grown in the West Siberian region.
• "Victory". Not much different from the previous variety. In addition to the above characteristics, it has a pleasant aroma.
• "Titanium" – tall shrub with fruits growing in 3–5 pcs. The yield is very high, resistant to diseases and pests.
• "Apple"- a low shrub with large fruits with a sweet and sour taste.
• "Sergievsky"- a variety with an average ripening period. Fruits are sweet and sour with a high content of vitamin C.
• "Ural Champion". A very winter-hardy variety that is suitable for cultivation in all regions of the country.

Landing and care

Rosehip - quite unpretentious shrub. It is planted to obtain fruits that contain a large number of vitamins. In particular, vitamin C. In addition, the plant publishes incredible flavor during the flowering period.

Rosehip planting is carried out in the fall. The place should be bright. But even in a shaded area, it will grow well. But if you want to get a good rosehip crop, then it is better to choose a site that is well lit by the sun.

Landing order: step by step instructions

1. Dig a hole length, width and height, which should be about half a meter.
2. At the bottom of the dug hole there should be a small hill of soil.
3. The roots are carefully laid out and covered with earth.
4. Water the planted plant.
5. shelters on winter period not required.

Advice. Landing can be done in the spring, but it is better to do this before the formation of buds. This is done so that the rosehip can more easily endure the landing.

Another rule of planting is maintaining the distance between the bushes. It must be at least 120 cm.
Rosehip care consists of watering, pruning and feeding. In the first year of life, especially in drought, the plant needs periodic watering. Mature shrubs are watered infrequently, but plentifully. Watering is required during the period when the ovaries appear, provided there is no rain. It takes up to 30 liters of water for a young bush, and even more for a fruit-bearing bush - about 50 liters.

If the rosehip bush is cut, it will become a worthy element of landscape design.

Often, wild rose is used as a hedge. In order for the plant not to lose its decorative effect, it should be cut off periodically. Pruning is done in autumn or early spring before buds appear. You can also prune at the end of winter, when all the dried and dead branches are visible.

Fertilizer

Top dressings require special consideration. Root top dressing produced about four times a year: before and after flowering, at the beginning of fruit ripening and after harvest.

Required for the first feeding organic fertilizer, which is bred at the rate of 3 tbsp. l per bucket of water.
The second dressing consists of half a glass of "Agricola" in a bucket of water. Sometimes organic fertilizer is added.

The third top dressing is to use only Agricola.

For the last feeding, take a bucket of water and 2 tbsp. l funds "Agricolaaqua". Rosehip bushes are treated with this solution after flowering three times with a frequency of 10 days.

Propagation of a wild rose

Rosehip propagation is carried out in several known ways.

Growing from seed. The collection of seeds for planting is carried out in August, when the fruits are not yet fully ripe.

• The fruits are harvested.
• The seeds are removed and washed.
• Sowing is carried out in September, deepening the seeds by 2 cm. The distance between the seeds should be at least 5 cm.

Rosehip seeds

way green cuttings. Convenient way with a high percentage of rooting.

• The cuttings are cut with an oblique cut.
• Dipped in a root growth activator.
• Transplanted into pots.
• Cover with foil and moderately water as the soil dries.
• Planted in open ground.

reproduction root offspring. The method is used to preserve the properties of the mother bush. Used infrequently.

By dividing the bush. A shrub about 6 years old is dug up and the rhizome is divided into several parts. Small shrubs are immediately planted in the ground, without waiting for the roots to dry.

Diseases and pests

"Wild Rose" is prone to diseases and attack by pests. These include rust powdery mildew, gray and brown rot, and rose flies, leafworms, spider mites and sawflies cause harm.

From insects will help get rid of the use of infusion of garlic with laundry soap. The shrub should be sprayed with this mixture before flowering and after harvesting the fruits. The drug "Topaz" will help from rust, and Bordeaux liquid will cope with black spotting.

Treat the bush from pests several times a season

Rosehip is a high-vitamin plant, perennial. Often used in landscape design as a hedge. Landing and caring for him is not burdensome. Feeding plays a special role. They are held four times a year. Rose hips are used to make tea, decoction, jam and jam. The shrub contains a large amount of vitamin C and is an excellent tool for the prevention and treatment of colds.

Growing wild rose: video

Rosehip on the plot: photo

"The rosehip stood, turning its large flowers towards the sun, elegant, completely festive, covered with many sharp buds. Its flowering coincided with the shortest nights - our Russian, slightly northern nights, when the nightingales rattle in the dew all night long, the greenish dawn does not leave the horizon and in the deadest time of the night it is so light that the mountain peaks of the clouds are clearly visible in the sky ... "(K. Paustovsky in the story "In the depths of Russia")

Rosehip (Rosa) - genus wild plants rose family (Rosaceae). It is grown in the garden as an ornamental flowering shrub, as well as for edible rose hips, due to its beneficial properties. It has many cultural forms bred under the name Rosa. Decorative wild rose is valued for the beauty of a large bush and an abundance of greenery. ”Wild” rose hips and their varieties are much more unpretentious than exquisite hybrid park roses ...

In our country, botanists have counted more than 80 species of wild rose. These prickly beauties are found almost everywhere, with the exception of the Far North. They are photophilous, in a natural setting they prefer edges, forest roadsides, banks of rivers, lakes, bushes, mountain slopes, long freed from forests. Often they grow, forming large clumps, often penetrating into settlements, where they coexist near fences with elderberry.

The plant got its name because of the sharp and durable thorns that can cause serious trouble to a careless person or animal. Rosehip blooms from May to July, the fruits ripen in August - September, remaining on the branches until winter. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary or 2-3. Corolla with five white, pink or dark red petals. Stamens and pistils numerous. By evening, rosehip flowers fold their petals, and in the morning they open again, and they do it with great accuracy in time. It is no coincidence that the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus included rose hips in the list of plants that indicate the time of day.

Fruits from 2-3 years of age, largest harvest plants give at 10-12 years of age. Rose hips are spherical or ovoid, smooth, bare, orange or red, fleshy, contain numerous fruitlets (nuts). The inner walls of the fruit are covered with hairs, sepals are preserved at the top of the fruit. For normal fruiting, it is better to plant rose hips of two or three species that bloom at the same time. Fruits can be dried, and in winter brew and drink 1-2 glasses a day, like a vitamin drink. Jam, compotes, jam are prepared from the fruits ... Rosehip is good in the form of syrups, mashed potatoes ...

Rosehip branches studded with berries look great in autumn flower arrangements and dry bouquets. The age of individual plants reaches 400 years.

Rosehip - the ancestor of all types of cultivated roses

Roses grown in decorative purposes: wrinkled rosehip, or rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa), virgin rose (Rosa virginiana). Outside its range in Europe, the musk rosehip (Rosa moschata) has taken root.

All wild roses and species wild roses (Rosa) bear orange, bright red, brown, purple, almost black berries. But not all types of roses are equal in terms of fruit quality. The most valuable (in terms of the content of nutrients) are the berries of the following types:

• Rosehip May(Rosa majalis Herrm.), or cinnamon(syn. Rosa cinnamomea L.). The most common species in central Russia, so the exact number of its varieties has not been calculated. Separate rosehip bushes can be found in forest clearings and clearings. Rosehip when grown in the garden is extremely unpretentious to soil conditions, and species of temperate latitudes are characterized by high winter hardiness and disease resistance. But despite this, do not forget the shrub, so that in the fall it will give you its wonderful fruits with unique medicinal properties ...
• wild rose or dog rose(Rosa canina). It is worth remembering the wild rose or dog rose, which is widely used as a hedge. In June, its fragrant light pink flowers bloom, and in autumn the branches are decorated with spindle-shaped orange-red fruits. The bushes are vigorous, sprawling up to 2.5-3 m with a powerful root system. The thorns are rare, strong, thorn-like-curved. The most common rootstock for garden roses. Gardeners love the common rosehip for its unpretentiousness, winter hardiness, and significant resistance to diseases that affect rose bushes.

She has many close relatives, often hardly distinguishable from her. Even experts are still not able to definitively figure out how much wild species Rose hips are closely related to her and how they differ from each other.

• French rosehip(Rosa gallica). Gallic rose, or French rose ... The ancestor of many, especially old, garden roses, including the famous in medieval Europe pharmacy rose. Grows in southern Europe European Russia, Crimea. Low-growing, less than a meter tall, low-branched bushes, growing at the expense of underground horizontal rhizomes and often forming continuous thickets. The stems and all branches, including the pedicels themselves, are densely covered with straight sharp spines and smaller spines and needles. Flowers are formed at the ends of the shoots, large, bright red. The sepals of the French rosehip are large, with large, inaccurately spreading lateral feathers.
• Rose prickly(Rosa spinosissima)
  Densely covered with thorns undersized wild rose. At the time of flowering, it is completely covered with snow-white fragrant flowers. Cultivated garden forms are often bred in squares and palisades: they are taller, bloom profusely with snow-white medium-sized flowers, and by autumn they form hard, dryish, blackening fruits when ripe.

Rosehip wrinkled, or rose rugosa (Rosa rugosa)

Rosa cattail and its hybrids (Hybrid Rugosa group, abbr. HRg) are among the most valuable species, have very good winter hardiness and therefore hibernate without shelter. Very attractive in the garden, among many other elegant wild roses, with its large orange-red, slightly flattened fruits and beautiful foliage that turns yellow in autumn. The main species and its hybrids are large, fragrant flowers various colors, simple or double, from 6 to 12 cm in diameter, single or 3-8 in inflorescences, with the number of petals from 5 to 150.

In spring, a sprawling shrub up to 2.5 m tall, completely covered with large fragrant pink or white (Alba form) flowers that appear almost all summer. After the first abundant wave, it continues to bloom again until frost, and even treats us with elegant and beneficial fruits, which have best taste slightly reminiscent of cranberries.

The leaves are strongly wrinkled, with gray-green pubescence on the underside, up to 22 cm long, with 5-9 leaflets. In hybrid forms, the leaves are sometimes shiny, glossy. Spines are reddish, bent down, numerous. The fruits are large, orange-red, fleshy, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. On the bush, you can observe buds, flowers and ripened fruits at the same time. Flowering both on the shoots of the current year and on the shoots of past years. The wrinkled rosehip shrub grows strongly, giving a lot of root shoots.

The natural range of rose rugosa is located on Pacific coast Russian Far East, Japan, Korea. It was brought to Europe in the 18th century, where it not only became widespread in culture and gave rise to numerous garden, mostly hybrid with other species, forms, but also naturalized in many places. Often wrinkled wild rose forms dense thickets, and in some places the creeping form prevails, covering the sand with a bright prickly carpet. It also took root on the American Atlantic coast, once brought by English colonists to North America.

Varieties and hybrids of wild roses

Rosa Moyesi "Geranium"(Rosa moyesii "Geranium")
How many wonderful varieties are obtained from these wild roses! They are indispensable for lovers of natural style. With their help, it is easy to decorate any corner in the garden. Many of these roses have beautiful fruits that remain on the branches until late autumn. It is no coincidence that it is very popular abroad ornamental variety roses Moyesi "Geranium" (Rosa moyesii "Geranium") - originally from China, more interesting for its fruits than flowers.

Musk rose hybrids(Hybrid Musk Roses)
Decorative wild roses with dense semi-shiny foliage and burgundy young shoots, have red berries. Varieties: "Buff Beauty", "Felicia", "Penelope".

The most common types of rose hips:

• Rosehip (rose)
• May rosehip (Rosa majalis Herrm.), or cinnamon (syn. Rosa cinnamomea L.)
• Dog rose or dog rose (Rosa canina)
• Rosehip wrinkled, or cattail rose (Rosa rugosa)
• Rose hips (Rosa acicularis Lindl.)
• Rose hips (Rosa spinosissima)
• Rosehip French, or Gallic Rose, or French Rose (Rosa gallica)
• Rosehip Chinese, or Chinese Rose, or Indian Rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq.)
• Rose Damascus, or Rosa Kazanlak (Rosa × damascena Mill.) [= R. gallica × R. moschata]
• Rosehip Daurian (Rose Daurian)
• Stinky wild rose (Rosa foetida Herrm.)
• Rosehip red-brown, or rusty-red, or rusty, or Rose eglantheria (Rosa rubiginosa L.)

Growing conditions and caring for rose hips

Rosehip care consists of loosening the soil, fertilizing, weed control, watering and pruning. Being light-loving plant, wild rose is undemanding to the soil, however, it bears fruit better on well-cultivated, nutrient-rich, drained soils. With the timely removal of old shoots, the bushes quickly recover, bloom profusely, and retain their decorative appearance for a long time.

Pruning should be done only once a year, just before the start of growth (in late winter or early spring, depending on climate and weather). During pruning of the shoots at the bush, too old branches are also removed. A bush is considered productive if it contains shoots of different ages.

Species wild roses reproduce perfectly by root shoots, seeds, layering, root and green cuttings. The simplest and most affordable is reproduction by offspring. It is best to harvest them in the fall, from the most productive bushes. The length of the rhizome on a separate offspring should be 12-15 cm, above-ground part shorten, leaving a stump no more than 5 cm. Such offspring can immediately be planted on garden plot on the permanent place, without growing.

You can collect fully ripe rose hips in the fall that have not yet begun to wrinkle and bury them in pots filled with moist soil. Leave the seed pots outside during the winter to ensure that the fruits are exposed to low temperatures - this is necessary for successful seed germination. After the end of the frost, dig out the berries from the pots, separate the seeds and check them for germination in a vessel of water. Sow sunken rosehip seeds in boxes and grow in a cold greenhouse.

The legend of the discovery of the healing properties of wild rose

What does the legend, widespread among the Kuban Cossacks, tell about. In ancient times, a young Cossack woman fell in love with a daring young man. They swore loyalty for life. However, the stanitsa ataman, who had long liked the young Cossack woman, sent the young man to military service. Parting with the bride, he gave her his small faithful dagger. As soon as the guy was sent to the army, the stanitsa ataman began to force the girl to marry him. However, the wedding did not take place. The bride jumped out from behind the wedding table and rushed into the courtyard, where she stabbed herself with a gift dagger. Where the scarlet drops of blood fell to the ground, grew beautiful shrub with beautiful flowers. When the chieftain saw an amazing plant, he wanted to pick a flower from it. But then the whole bush suddenly bristled with sharp thorns. The villain pierced all his hands with them, but he could not pick the flower. In autumn, the wild rose was covered with bright fruits. An ailing old woman stopped near him and suddenly heard a quiet voice: “Pick my berries, grandmother, make tea from them. Do not be afraid of sharp thorns, they are intended for evil people"The old woman picked up the fruits, drank the infusion prepared from them and felt as if she was ten years younger. Since then, rose hips have been used for medicinal purposes.

About rose hips, the people composed not only fairy tales, but also riddles. Here are some of them:

"There is a Khan's tree, a Shamakhan's dress, angelic flowers, devilish claws."
"A thorn sits on a pitchfork, dressed in scarlet, whoever goes will be pricked"
"There is a green bush, if you touch it, it will bite"
"He sits on a stick in a red shirt, his belly is stuffed with pebbles."

"Who will tell them: that beauty is in vain, frost will destroy it at dawn ...
They are wonderful! They are so beautiful that let the wild rose bloom in September!..