Figs from the stone at home growing. Tinning of the near-trunk circle

Figs (fig tree, fig tree) - one of the types of ficus, the oldest cultivated plant. Its habitat is Turkey, Algeria, Tunisia, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, USA (California), Georgia, Azerbaijan, southern Ukraine and Moldova, Central Asia, the North Caucasus and Crimea.

In nature, the fig is a large deciduous dioecious tree, and at the northern borders of the range it is a shrub. The plant develops two types of inflorescences - figs and caprifigs.

Inside the inflorescences are located female flowers, from which, after fertilization, juicy edible seedlings are formed. In culture, many self-pollinating varieties have been created. It is these varieties that are planted indoors. How to grow figs at home?

Figs are propagated by seeds and cuttings, both green and woody. They can be bought at a specialized store, or you can pick a fruit or cut a cutting from a fruit-bearing plant indoors.

How to grow figs from cuttings

For propagation, the cuttings are cut from the apical shoots so that there are three buds on each cutting. They are planted in the ground immediately after cutting. In central Russia, lignified cuttings are cut at the end of February, green - in May-June.

At the cuttings, milk appears on the cut. Before planting, this milk must be washed off with water and dried with a napkin so that the ducts are not clogged.

The substrate for planting is prepared as follows: but the bottom of the pot is laid with drainage (for example, expanded clay) with a layer of about 2 cm, soil mixture for ficuses is poured on it, and washed and calcined fine-grained sand with a layer of 3 cm is poured on top.

The cutting is planted in the substrate in such a way that one kidney is underground, and two remain above the soil surface. young plant cover with a jar and put in a bright place, excluding direct sunlight.

The stalk takes root for about a month. During this period, the bank is not withdrawn. Water the plant with settled water at room temperature every day. When watering, the water should soak the entire substrate and flow into the pan.

The water from the pan is immediately poured out. The temperature is maintained not lower than +20°C. When the cutting takes root, the jar is removed. Rooting can be recognized by the following signs: leaves bloom in lignified cuttings, lateral shoots grow in green ones.

How to grow figs from seeds

When propagated by seeds, they are sown from late February to April.

If the seeds are taken from a plucked fruit, they are taken out along with the pulp, placed in a small glass vessel, topped up with a little water, allowed to ferment, then washed (surfaced - removed) and immediately after that they are sown in boxes with earth, deepening by 0.5 cm.

The sown seeds are covered plastic wrap or glass. Fig seeds are photosensitive, so the box must be exposed to light in order for them to sprout.

For seed germination, the optimum temperature is + 20 ... + 25 ° С. Germination time is approximately 1 month. At this time, glass or polyethylene is periodically removed for ventilation and, if necessary, watering.

Emerging plants dive into pots with the same substrate as for cuttings, in the phase of two or three true leaves, without deepening the stem.

Cultivation of figs. Further care

Figs are photophilous, so the plant must be periodically rotated around its axis so that it receives uniform illumination from all sides.

However, indoors, figs do not tolerate direct sunlight.

So permanent place for him, you need to choose, taking into account these features.

In winter, the fig tree is kept in a bright room at a temperature of + 10 ° C, but not on the window, it is not watered very often (so that the lump does not dry out), they are not fed.

Starting from March, a container with figs is put on the windowsill, watered every day, once a month they give top dressing to the full mineral fertilizer for flowers (according to the instructions), periodically loosen the soil shallowly and spray the plants themselves with water.

In summer, the plant can be taken out into the air. During this period, direct sunlight is not terrible for him. This mode of care continues until autumn.

In the fall, as soon as the figs begin to shed their leaves (this happens in September-October), they begin to prepare them for winter. Again, they put them in a less bright, cool place (+ 10 ° C), stop feeding, reduce watering and keep it until the end of February, then there is a period of dormancy.

At the end of February, the container with the plant is again exposed to the window, making sure that the temperature is at least + 20 ° C (figs can withstand temperatures up to + 30 ° C). After some time, the leaves begin to bloom on it, and the whole care cycle is repeated.

Cultivation of figs - formation

Figs need pruning. The first pruning is carried out six months after planting. cut it off in early spring(before leafing) or in autumn (after leafing) as an ordinary fruit tree or shrub.

Growing figs - transplanting

As the root system and the plant itself grow, the figs are transplanted.

They do this when the roots completely braid the lump, “transferring” the whole lump into a larger container.

But you need to transplant less often so that the plant in room conditions didn't grow too much.

Cultivation of figs, flowering and fruiting

Figs grown from cuttings bloom and begin to bear fruit for 2-3 years, grown from seeds - for 5-6 years. The plant blooms in March. The fruits ripen in June-August. Ripe fruits become soft and change green color on the color of the variety (cream, yellow, purple).

Figs may bloom again in June, but indoors the second crop does not have time to ripen, as the plant enters a dormant period. AT natural conditions at cultivars the weight of one berry can reach 150 g, indoor plants it ranges from 35 to 50 g.

Fig fruits are very useful. They contain vitamins B1, B2, C, provitamin A, organic acids, enzymes, pectin, potassium, iron and phosphorus salts and have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, enveloping, astringent, expectorant, mild laxative and general tonic effect.

Now you know how to grow figs at home.

The fig or fig tree is a deciduous plant that belongs to the Mulberry family. Its homeland is the Mediterranean. In Crimea, Carpathians, Central Asia and in the Caucasus, figs are grown in open ground as valuable cultivated plant that bears fruit - wine berries. The fig tree is common in indoor floriculture. With proper care, it acquires decorative look and can bear fruit twice a year.

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Description

Figs are dioecious plant, in which female inflorescences grow on some trees (figs), and male flowers on others (caprifigs). female plants bloom with pistillate flowers, after which they form edible fruits, and male representatives form two types of flowers: staminate and pistillate. The former are necessary for pollination, while the latter produce inedible fruits. Pollination is carried out by small wasps - blastophages living in male flowers.

With proper care, a fig tree can bear fruit every year.

Dioecious species are not suitable for growing at home, since pollination is impossible. For this purpose, special self-fertile varieties, forming female inflorescences and capable of setting fruits without pollination. Figs shed their leaves in winter. Sheet plates large, fleshy, entire or palmately dissected, broadly ovoid. Fig is light-loving plant, drought-resistant, undemanding to the soil composition and able to grow even on acidic soils. Powerful root system penetrates deep into the soil.

Reproduction methods

Indoor figs are propagated:

• seeds;
• cuttings;
• root growth.

Most often, the cultivation of figs is carried out using cuttings, and fruiting occurs in 2-3 years. If the plant is grown from seeds, then the crop is harvested in the 5-6th year. Breeding with root shoots at home is practiced very rarely, since there is a high probability of injury to the root system and death of the tree.



Growing from seed

Fig seeds have a germination capacity of two years. Landing Special attention given to the composition of the soil. The tree grows well in light soil with high content humic acids. But an excessive amount of carbonates adversely affects the growth and development of the plant.

To prepare the soil, take equal amounts of humus and coarse sand. You can also use a soil mixture of humus, peat and sand. A drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the planting pots and 2–3 grains are sown in each. In the future, the strongest plant is selected from the shoots that have appeared.



Growing figs in a pot

The seeds are sown shallowly, after which the containers are covered with polyethylene. For their germination, a temperature of + 24 ... + 27 degrees is required. The first shoots appear after 2-4 weeks. Shelter is removed, and crops are thinned out. When two pairs of true leaves develop on the seedlings, they are seated in separate containers.



cuttings

To grow figs from cuttings at home, you need to prepare the material. Do this in the middle of winter, when the plant sheds its leaves and enters a dormant period. For cuttings, it is best to use the central parts of the branches from an adult fruit-bearing plant over five years old. Branches must be ripe. Each segment should be 15 cm long with three to four internodes. At the bottom, the cut is made along the oblique, below the last kidney by 2 cm, and at the top - in a straight line. The cuttings are kept in a cool, dry place for several hours until the juice ceases to stand out. Then longitudinal scratches are made on the bottom to destroy upper layer bark to cambium. Thanks to this procedure, a powerful root system is formed. After that, the segments are placed for some time in a biostimulant solution.

To plant cuttings, prepare containers. A drainage layer of pebbles and expanded clay is laid at the bottom, then loose fertile soil is poured with a layer of 7 cm, and then sand is added with a layer of 4 cm. It is moistened and holes are made in it. The cuttings are removed from the stimulator, washed with running water, the lower sections are powdered with ash and placed in the soil. The containers are covered with a transparent bag or sand and placed in a well-lit place. In cloudy weather, additional lighting is used.

In order for the cuttings to take root well, they maintain the temperature within + 23 ... + 26 degrees. The roots appear after 1.5 months, during which the seedlings ventilate and moisten the sand. When they get stronger and adapt, they are transplanted into flower pots, which are filled with a fertile soil mixture. After 2 weeks, young plants are fed complex fertilizers for indoor crops.

Care

Caring for figs at home is easy. He loves sunny places. With a lack of light, it develops poorly, and the fruits do not have time to ripen.

In summer, the crown of the tree is sprayed every day with warm water and the soil is watered abundantly. Even with a slight drying of the earthy coma, the fig begins to shed its leaves. During fruiting, the amount of watering is reduced, otherwise the fruits will be watery and fresh.

In winter, the plant goes into a dormant period. At this time, he is taken to a glazed loggia, veranda or other room with a temperature of +10 ... +14 degrees. Figs during the rest period do not need light and top dressing. It needs to be watered rarely and sparingly. The main thing is that the earthen ball does not dry out.

In order not to prematurely awaken the kidneys, cool water is used for irrigation.

Figs begin to feed after the swelling of the first buds. To do this, use a mullein diluted with water. After 2 weeks, a solution is introduced into the soil phosphate fertilizers. During the growing season, the fig tree is fed every 2 weeks, alternating mineral and organic compounds.

Transfer

Since the roots of figs grow very quickly, they need to be replanted every spring before the leaves bloom. Transplantation of adult plants older than 7 years is carried out every 3 years, while the new pot should be several centimeters larger than the previous one. A container that is too large promotes root growth, which leads to a decrease in yield.

The procedure is carried out as follows:

• the pot is scalded with boiling water and a drainage layer 3–4 cm thick is laid on its bottom;
• the plant is transferred to a new container without violating the integrity of the old earthy coma;
• voids fill fertile soil, while the root collar cannot be deepened.

The transplanted tree is watered large quantity water and put in a well-lit place.

crown formation

In order for the fig to fully develop, it must be cut off in a timely manner. Without the formation of a crown, the plant eventually grows into a large tree, which is very inconvenient for an enclosed space. Pruning is carried out before the swelling of the kidneys. Young plants leave 3-4 healthy shoots. When the tree reaches a height of 25-35 cm, pinch the crown. This stimulates the development of side shoots.

In order for the lower branches to become stronger and more powerful in the future, the shoots of the upper tier should be shortened by 1/3. Competent pruning allows you to get a beautiful lush crown, consisting of 3-4 vertical shoots of the main order and a large number side branches.

There is another pruning option that gives the crown the shape of a fan. It is necessary to pinch the apical bud and remove the branches directed inside the crown. The main shoots should be in relation to the plane horizontally and parallel to each other. Thanks to fan pruning, the number of fruit-bearing shoots increases several times, and the tree looks very attractive.

Figs can get coral blotch. The disease manifests itself in small red formations on the shoots of a tree. As a treatment, the affected areas are cut out, healthy parts are sprayed strong mortar potassium permanganate or fungicides.

Figs in Stavropol

Since the tropics are the birthplace of figs, it is rather difficult to grow it in the middle lane in open ground. Even in Stavropol, this is not easy to do. It must be planted on the south side of the site. Having landed on the site, it must be covered for the winter.

To do this, the bush is tied with a rope in a bundle in the fall and bent tightly to the ground. On top put a load for a week. During this time, the plant gets used to being in this position and begins to cuddle itself to the ground. Then it is covered with tomato tops or corn stalks, and covered with fertilizer bags on top. Figs under such shelter can withstand frosts down to -25 degrees.

The fig, or fig, is a rather unpretentious deciduous tree that prefers a subtropical humid climate with warm winters. Similar climatic conditions can easily be arranged indoors in colder areas. Therefore, it is possible to grow figs at home in closed ground, in pots or greenhouses. With sufficient care, homemade figs can bear fruit in adulthood.

Indoor figs can be grown by purchasing a ready-made seedling with known varietal characteristics and seller's guarantees. But it is much more interesting to grow your own fig tree from cuttings or seeds. It is quite easy to get planting material for cuttings if you happen to go to places where figs grow - warm tropical countries or subtropical coasts.

As cuttings, segments of fig branches no thicker than the little finger, up to 15 cm long and with 3-4 live buds, are suitable. A suitable time for harvesting cuttings is the period of winter cooling, when the trees have shed their leaves and are in hibernation. Cut cuttings prepared for growing homemade figs should be stored for several weeks in a cool place at 10-12 degrees Celsius to dry and simulate wintering.

You need to germinate cuttings of a homemade fig tree in a small pot with river sand, after processing lower part any root-stimulating drug. For germination, the fig stalk is transferred to a warm, up to 25 degrees Celsius, and a bright place. The sand must be constantly wet, this is achieved with small regular waterings and shelter for the first time from glass jar. Bud swelling on a fig twig indicates the awakening of the plant and the formation of the first roots. After the appearance of a few leaves, indoor figs need to be transplanted into permanent soil and a large pot.

Growing figs from seed at home.

More available material seeds may be available for planting homemade figs. Fresh figs, although rare, can be found on sale in grocery stores and in the markets. For planting, seeds of the most mature fruit, including spoiled ones, are suitable. Dried figs commercially available all year round, also makes it possible to obtain ready-made seeds for planting a homemade fig tree. You should know that a fig tree grown from a seed will not have the varietal characteristics that a seed fruit has, but such a plant will be physically stronger than its counterpart obtained by cuttings.

Washed, clean seeds of ripe figs are soaked in water for 1-2 days, and then planted in the soil. Infertile seeds will float on the surface, while viable specimens, having gained moisture, will be at the bottom of the container, ready to germinate. Live seeds should be germinated in a tray in moist coarse sand or vermiculite. The use of soil or compost for this purpose is not advisable, as this can cause the development of mold that is detrimental to fig seeds.

Fig seeds germinated at home need warm and humid environment. This can be done with a transparent cover for the tray, which must be removed for a few minutes to ventilate the seeds. The tray is placed in a bright place, but not in direct sunlight. Germination of fig seeds can take up to eight weeks. After the appearance of small sprouts with leaves, the shelter must be removed, thus acclimatizing the plants to home humidity conditions. At the same time, you will have to water the tray more often, preventing the surface from drying out.

After the fig sprouts reach 3-4 centimeters, they can be transplanted into small pots up to 12 cm in diameter with permanent soil. As a soil for growing figs at home, flower soil with the addition of coarse sand is suitable; you can use the soil gathered under the forest floor.

Homegrown fig seedlings need regular watering every two days as the topsoil dries out. Excess moisture should flow freely through the drainage holes in the pot. Figs will respond well to regular spraying of the crown with water. mature tree figs will easily tolerate direct sunlight for half a day, but young plants should be protected from excessive sun by placing them in shaded places.

A growing fig tree needs to be transplanted annually in stages into a larger container that you can provide for home grown figs. In the absence of the possibility further transplant the top of the soil should be replaced with minimal damage to the roots. Thus, the plant will be able to replenish its mineral reserves even in a pot.

Homemade figs for crown formation can be subjected to gentle pruning, that is, gradually 1-2 branches at a time, preferably during the winter dormancy. While creating favorable conditions house tree figs in a few years will be able to bloom and form fruits. At the same time, a plant grown from a cutting is capable of fruiting 2-3 years earlier than a tree planted with a seed.

Tell your friends about it.

The fig tree, also known as the fig tree or fig tree, is a southern culture that is absolutely not adapted to the conditions of the mid-climate zone. This generally accepted opinion is largely true. Once brought to Europe from the subtropics, the plant is very sensitive to cold weather, and if in regions with a mild climate figs feel quite comfortable, then closer to the north its cultivation is similar to others. fruit trees and shrubs - the process is very, very laborious. However, for gardeners who want to plant an exotic tree on their site, nothing is impossible. As practice shows, using a special planting technology and observing the necessary standards of agricultural technology, it is extremely difficult to grow a fruit-bearing fig tree in the open ground of the middle lane, although it is extremely difficult, but possible.

Landing dates

Gardeners of the south successfully practice both spring and autumn planting of figs on a permanent place of growth, while in areas with a not very favorable climate, only spring procedure. Landing work carried out in late April - early May, when the threat of night frosts finally passes.

Reproduction methods

Figs are propagated by all known methods, each of which is effective to one degree or another. seed method experienced gardeners used for breeding experiments in the development of new varieties of culture. When growing figs from seeds for seedlings, it should be noted that offspring do not always inherit the characteristics of the parent plant. Vegetative way is considered a more convenient and efficient way, 100% guaranteeing the preservation of varietal qualities. In addition, figs grown from cuttings, layering or root offspring come into fruition much earlier.

Growing figs from seeds

To obtain fig seeds, a ripe, high-quality fruit is selected, after which they act as follows:

• From a ripe fig, a jelly-like pulp with seeds is selected with a teaspoon, placed in a small bowl and left for 3-5 days in a warm place.
• After the mass has fermented, the seeds are washed from the remnants of the pulp, dried at room temperature to flowability and store until the start of work in a cool place (about +5 ... + 7 ° C).
• At the end of February, the seeds are sown in a nutrient substrate from sod land, humus and sand, taken equally. Depth of touch - 0.5 cm.
• The first shoots of figs appear after 3-4 weeks. During this time, the soil surface should be sprayed daily with warm water.
• With the appearance of 6–8 leaves, the seedlings dive into separate pots with a diameter of 10–12 cm.

The plant will be ready for planting in the ground in 2-3 years. During the period of home maintenance, fig seedlings are regularly watered and every 2–3 weeks during the growing season they are fed with complex mineral and organic fertilizers. From November to January, the tree is at rest, and with the onset of stable heat, the pot with the plant is taken out into the open air, where it is kept until autumn.

Procurement of cuttings

Most right time for cutting cuttings - late autumn. For these purposes, several strong one-year-old shoots are taken from an adult fruit-bearing bush, and it is better not to cut them, but to break them out. Thanks to this technique, cuttings prepared from the lower part of the shoots take root perfectly, since more powerful and thick roots are formed at the break point. For planting, cuttings with a length of 25-30 cm and a diameter of at least 1.2 mm are selected. The soil mixture for rooting is prepared from leaf and sod land, humus and sand, mixed in equal parts. Before use, the substrate must be sterilized in the oven or in a water bath. Planting of the prepared material is carried out as follows:

• In a shallow container, pour the prepared soil mixture, which must be well leveled and spilled with warm water.
• Cuttings are planted in the ground to a depth of 7-10 cm with an interval of 4-5 cm.
• The container is covered with glass or film and cleaned in heat.
• After 20-30 days, the cuttings will begin to grow.

By the last decade of April, strong bushes with 3-4 leaves grow from the cuttings, and some of them will have time to form the first fruit ovary. The plants begin to be taken out into the garden - they get used to natural aeration in 10-15 days, about the same time it will take taming to the direct rays of the sun. At the end of the growing season, the grown fig bushes are brought into the room and determined for wintering in the cellar or in a cool pantry. In the middle of spring next year, they can be planted in a permanent place of growth.

Seating preparation

For planting heat-loving figs, you should choose the brightest and sunniest place in the garden. The southern handsome man is undemanding to the composition of the soil, but does not tolerate swampy and saline soils. In the southern regions, planting is carried out traditionally - the seedling is placed in a hole measuring 80? 80 cm, sprinkled with earth, after which the landing site is compacted and watered. However, in the middle latitudes, preparation seat under figs - a whole science:

• At the selected site, they dig a trench with a depth of about 1.5 m and a width of 0.9–1.1 m. shaft, - to the north.
• When digging a trench, the northern wall is made steep, and the southern wall is flat, due to which the pit narrows to the bottom to 60-80 cm.
• If the soils in the area are clayey, dense, drainage material is poured into the bottom of the trench - coarse sand or gravel.
• The northern wall of the trench is covered with brick, slate or sewn up with boards, after which it is whitewashed with lime or painted in White color- the rays of the sun, reflected from a light surface, will smooth out the uneven illumination of the landings.
• The southern slope is lined with a dense black film or covering material to prevent the growth of weeds.
• A shelter made of cellular polycarbonate is being built over the trench. The climate inside such a greenhouse is almost subtropical. The main thing is not to forget to ventilate it in extreme heat.

By the way, similar design suitable for growing other southern crops - laurel, pomegranate, citrus.

The technology of planting seedlings in the ground

Shortly before planting, the soil selected from the trench, folded to the south side, is generously seasoned with organic matter - garden humus, ripened compost, peat or rotted manure. The resulting mixture is poured into the trench with a layer of 20–30 cm and trampled well. Along the bottom of the pit with an interval of 2 m, several earthen mounds are formed. Fig seedlings are placed on their tops, the roots are carefully straightened and sprinkled evenly on all sides with a nutrient mixture. Nothing if the root neck is underground - after the soil has settled, it will open. At the end of the procedure, the soil under the plantings is abundantly watered with warm water (3-4 buckets of water for each plant), tamped and sprinkled with dry earth.

Watering

Caring for figs in the summer involves timely abundant watering. The procedure for young plants is carried out every 7–10 days, spending 5–10 liters of water per bush. In subsequent seasons, when the root system is formed, the number of irrigations is reduced, and the rate of irrigation water consumption is increased to 8–12 liters. Long-term drying of the soil should not be allowed, as it leads to a deterioration in the taste of the fruit. After each watering, the soil in the aisles is loosened and weeded as necessary. When the fruits begin to pour, soil moisture is temporarily stopped.

The last time during the planting season is watered after harvest, which increases the winter hardiness of figs.

top dressing

The fig responds gratefully to the competent application of fertilizers, delighting good development and high-quality fruiting:

• In the first third of the growing season, figs are fed with nitrogen fertilizers, which increase the growth of green mass.
• Mid-summer is the time to apply phosphates, which contribute to the formation of fruit ovaries.
• In the last third of the growing season, the nitrogen component is completely excluded, and the main emphasis is placed on the supply of potash supplements, which are responsible for the maturation of wood.
• Every 2 months, fig bushes are sprayed with solutions of complex fertilizers.

In order to avoid burns of the root system, fertilizers are applied to the soil after heavy watering.

crown formation

AT garden culture figs are formed in different ways. In regions with a mild climate traditional form considered standard. In the northern regions, it is more advisable to use fan or bush pruning:

• In the first case, the bush is not formed in the first 2–3 years of growth, only frozen and damaged branches are removed. Subsequently, all the shoots growing upwards are cut out, and the lower ones are bent to the ground and parted on the sides. As a result of the formation, the bush becomes like a large and very cute spider.
• At bush pruning all shoots are shortened to 10-15 cm, leaving only 3-4 skeletal shoots, on which young branches of the following orders will grow next year.

The formation of a bush is recommended in the spring before the start of sap flow. In autumn, pruning is sanitary in nature - all dry, broken and diseased branches must be removed. AT summer period it is very important to periodically pinch the tops of shoots that have reached a length of 50–60 cm. It is undesirable to be late with the procedure - only the upper buds awaken on overgrown branches, giving a weak increase.

Wintering features

Perhaps the most important event in the northern cultivation of figs is the shelter of plantings for the winter. It starts when average daily temperatures stop reaching values ​​above +2 °C.

• First of all, all covering materials are removed from the landing site - polycarbonate, film or agrofibre.
• All shoots rising above the level of the northern wall are tied and bent to the ground.
• Above the trench, a flooring is constructed from boards or plywood sheets.
• The boardwalk shelter is covered with polyethylene.
• A layer is poured over the film garden soil 10–15 cm thick.

This design provides a comfortable and soft wintering of a heat-loving plant.

spring care

So that the successfully overwintered fig does not rot under cover, it is recommended to release it from the warm "captivity" already in mid-April. If the soil above the structure has not had time to thaw, it is shed hot water. A polycarbonate greenhouse is being erected again above the plantings, the connected branches are straightened. Dry leaves are harvested and burned, and overwintered pea fruits are left on the branches.

What variety of figs to choose for planting

Under subtropical conditions, pollination fig trees carried out by blastophage wasps, which are not found in the middle latitudes. In this regard, to northern cultivation it is recommended to choose self-fertile crop varieties, the best of which, according to experts:

• "White Adriatic" - medium-sized oval fruits weighing about 60 g are covered with a thin yellow-green skin. The pulp is sugary, pink.
• "Dalmatsky" is one of the most cold-resistant varieties of culture. Fruits weighing up to 180 g are easily recognizable by their pear shape, gray-green skin and reddish, very juicy pulp with a sweet and sour taste.
• "Kadota" - small round-pear-shaped fruits weighing about 60-65 g tolerate transportation well and are excellent for all types of processing. The flesh is bright pink and very sweet.

In addition to the listed gardeners' attention, the Crimean Black, Brunsvik, Apsheronsky, Nikitsky Fragrant varieties deserve attention.

Collection and processing of fruits

Fig fruits ripen unevenly, so they are selectively removed from the trees. Signs of ripeness are drops of nectar on the skin, softness of fruits and their color corresponding to the variety, as well as the fact that no milky juice is released at the point where the ripe fig is separated from the branch. Fruits overexposed on the branch quickly deteriorate and lose their presentation.

Fresh figs are stored for no more than 2-3 weeks, during which time it must be put into processing. From the pulp of exotic seedlings, amazingly tasty jam is cooked, fillings for pies and homemade wine are prepared. Dried figs are one of the most delicious and healthy dried fruits.

Figs are an exotic fruit with high palatability. If a gardener decides to plant figs on his plot, growing a crop will require the provision of all conditions for development and growth. The key to success in this difficult task is: planting, competent choice of variety and regular care of the bush.

For the northern hemisphere, it is better to choose self-fertile varieties of figs that do not need pollination by blastophage wasps, since they live only in subtropical conditions. The best varieties for this are:

1. White Adriatic, which is a small fruit covered with a yellow-green skin and soft pink flesh.
2. Dalmatian, considered one of the cold-resistant varieties. The fruits are pear-shaped and grey-green in color. The fruits are very juicy and have a sweet and sour taste.
3. Kadota" - excellent variety for long distance transportation. It is a round-pear-shaped fruit with pink flesh and a sweet taste.

In addition to the main varieties can be grown the following types: Brunsvik, Crimean black, Nikitsky fragrant, Apsheron.

Climate comfort

How to grow figs so that it not only pleases the eye, but also bears fruit well? To do this, it is necessary to provide the plant with optimal climatic conditions. Since the subtropics are considered the birthplace of the bush, it needs high-quality watering.

The procedure must be carried out taking into account the age of the plant:

1. Young stems need to be watered every week. The volume of moisture is from 5 to 10 liters per bush.
2. In subsequent years, the root system of the culture has already been formed, so watering can be reduced to 1 time in two weeks, and the water rate should increase to 8-10 liters per bush.
3. During the period of fruit ripening, watering should be stopped.
4. Water the plant for the last time after harvest to increase the wear resistance of the fig.

Watering should be carried out taking into account the age of the plant

After each watering, it is necessary to carefully loosen the aisle and weed it to prevent the growth of weeds.

You need to feed the plant at least twice a month. There are a number of rules for feeding culture:

1. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in the first third of the growing season.
2. In mid-summer, it is important to focus on phosphates to promote fruit set.
3. In the last third of the growing season, you need to make a large share potash fertilizers, which will help to better ripen both the fruits and the wood itself. nitrogen fertilizers during this period are prohibited.
4. Monthly it is necessary to carry out top dressing with microelements necessary for the normal development of the shrub.
5. Twice a month, foliar top dressing should be carried out by spraying.
6. For berry bush Organic fertilizers are also important. For this, humic acids, microorganisms and ground are used.

You need to feed the plant at least twice a month.

All top dressing should be carried out only after watering, in order to prevent burns of the root system.

Landing place

It is better to choose the sunniest place for planting shrubs. It is desirable that tall trees or tall buildings be located on the south side. If there are some objects on other sides that can protect from the wind, you can create optimal microclimate in summer time.

In order to resolve the issue of how to grow figs on the site, you need to take care of a well-executed planting. For this plant, planting deep in trenches is considered the best way.

the best way considered landing deep in trenches.

They need to be dug in such a way that the depth is at least half a meter, and the width is about a meter. If the soil is loamy, it is better to fill the bottom with a drainage layer of sand and fine gravel.

For the substrate, surface soil is mixed with humus, manure and compost, after which it is poured into the planting pit.

After that, small mounds are poured on which seedlings will be laid. To do this, the roots are straightened, and the seedlings are covered with earth, holding the stems, to the level of the root neck.

For the substrate, surface soil is mixed with humus, manure and compost, after which it is poured into the planting pit.

The southern slope is covered with a dense black film, which will not only protect the root part of the stem, but also prevent weeds from growing. The appearance of weeds can lead to diseases, as they block the bottom of the shrub from the sun.

From the northern part, you need to install a polymer wall or from slate sheets. It will reflect light rays and smooth out uneven lighting.

To correctly form a plant, you need to understand how figs grow.

To create a compact form, you need to build a trellis from wooden slats or regular wire. A bush will be tied to it.

In the first year of development, three upper shoots 20 cm high are left during pruning. One of them is launched vertically, and two side ones are tied to the trellis. The result is a kind of trident.

When the stems reach a height of about a meter, they are bent parallel to the ground. Further growth of the stems is started vertically and tied up for the accuracy of the angles.

The next spring, the trunk, which is in the middle of the bush, is cut off 20 cm above the place where the branches appear. Then we repeat last year's procedure.

To correctly form a plant, you need to understand how figs grow.

Thus, the plant must be grown up to 4 tiers of branches. At the last stage, only two branches are left, which are carried out in different directions parallel to the ground. When they grow to 10 cm, they are allowed vertically.

As a result, a neat bush of compact shape is obtained, which can become decorative element landscape. For example, approx.

reproduction

Figs, the care and cultivation of which require care, are also demanding on the methods of reproduction. It is believed that best ways plant transplants in our climate are:

• propagation by cuttings;
• seed way.

For this method, you can use both winter seedlings and summer green shoots.

Winter cuttings are taken only from plants that are at least a year old. Cuttings are planted in early spring with light soil until buds appear.

Green cuttings should be planted in late spring or early summer, preferably in the sand. Cuttings are taken from fruit-bearing plants. Before rooting, they are kept in a humid environment. (This can be a jar of water or a regular glass).

Cuttings are planted in early spring with light soil until buds appear.

The container is placed in a warm place. After about 3-4 weeks, the roots will appear, and when they are 1-2 cm long, they can be planted in the soil.

To obtain the source material, only the best juicy fruits are selected. From them, choose the pulp with seeds, put it in a bowl and leave it in a warm place for about 3-5 days. After the mass begins to ferment, the seeds are separated from the remnants of the pulp, washed and dried. After that, they are stored until February, when they start planting.

Then the source material is sown in the prepared substrate, consisting of humus, soddy soil and sand, to a depth of about 0.5 cm. The appearance of the first shoots is expected in about a month, provided that the soil is sprayed daily with warm water. After the appearance of 6-8 leaves, the seedlings dive into separate pots with a diameter of 10 cm or more.

To obtain the source material, only the best juicy fruits are selected.

The plant will be ready for transplanting into open ground in 2 years. During the period home growing seedlings they need to be fertilized, and with the onset of sustainable heat they are taken out into the open air. There they can stay until autumn.

After the end of the growing season at average temperatures of about 2 degrees Celsius, you can start covering the bushes. For this you need:

1. Remove autumn structures: arcs, nonwoven fabric and polycarbonate.
2. Branches bend to the ground.
3. Lay boards or sheets of plywood on top of the pit.
4. Lay a strong film over the flooring.
5. A layer of earth of about 10 cm is poured over the entire structure. It will not allow frost to penetrate the tree.

In especially frosty regions, you can make an additional layer of insulation.

The presence of air in the shelter will ensure normal aeration of the plant.

In especially frosty regions, you can make an additional layer of insulation. As a natural insulation can be:

• straw;
• tops of corn;
• spruce branches.

As a load stacked on polyethylene, the following can be used:

• boards;
• cardboard;
• ruberoid.

If the material for shelter is too dense, small holes are made in it for air to enter.

After the end of the cold weather, one of highlights in the care of figs, the timeliness of plant opening is considered.

So that the stem does not rot, it must be opened already in mid-April. In the case when the soil above the structure has not thawed, it can be spilled with hot water.

So that the stem does not rot, it must be opened already in mid-April.

After that, a greenhouse is erected above the tree, and the associated branches straighten out. The stem is cleared of dry leaves, while the fruits formed during wintering are left on the branches.

Diseases and pests

Based on where the fig grows, you need to be prepared for the fact that the plant will be susceptible to various diseases and be attacked by pests.

The most common diseases are:

1. Cancer of branches, which covers the affected area of ​​the trunk with cracks. As a result of the disease, the wood is exposed, part of it dies.
2. Gray rot is manifested by gray and white bloom on the fruits themselves.
3. Fusarium leads to internal rotting of the fruit and flaking of the pulp.
4. Anthracnose is characterized by the appearance dark spots on fruits that lead to fruit rot.
5. Fruit souring begins with the appearance of various brown or watery spots.

The following pests can attack the shrub:

1. Butterfly moth, which can lead to rotting of the fruit.
2. The leafworm, which is considered to damage the bush in such a way that the leaves turn yellow, the fruits begin to rot, and the stem itself dries out.
3. The psyllid threatens to slow down the growth of the stem due to a lack of useful substances sucked out by the pest.
4. The beetle damages the bark, which often leads to the death of the plant.

Butterfly moth can lead to fruit rot

To control pests, it is necessary to use special insecticides, and to overcome various fungal diseases It is possible by normalizing the climatic regime of irrigation and careful care.

Harvesting

At competent landing and caring for figs, outdoor cultivation can bring good harvest. Fig fruits ripen extremely unevenly, so they are removed from the trees as they ripen. A sign of ripeness is the appearance of drops of nectar on the skin, the color of the fruit depending on the variety, as well as the softness of the fruit. When the fruit is torn off at the point of separation from the branch, no juice is released.

Fresh figs can be stored for about 2-3 weeks. During this time, it must be processed. It is usually used for making jams and as fillings. And when dried, it becomes one of the most popular dried fruits.

Having dealt with the intricacies of growing a shrub in the open field and the features of caring for it, you can get a stable harvest of tasty and healthy berries.