Leaf land is where to get it. Turf land - harvesting and application

cut sod

Sod land. It is used in horticulture, pot and tub culture of ornamental plants, as one of the elements of the earth mixture.

In the composition of various earth mixtures, turf land is included in an amount from 1/8 to 3/4 of the entire composition of the mixture. It differs from other garden soils by a low content of organic matter and a smaller amount of humus, nitrogen and absorbed bases. It is characterized by high water-lifting capacity and low moisture capacity and moisture permeability. In terms of acidity and the presence of basic nutrients, sod land is similar to compost land.

Depending on the mechanical composition of the soil of the site from which the sods were taken, there are light-sod (the sum of clay and silt particles is about 29%) and heavy-sod (the sum of clay and silt particles is more than 61%) soil.

Sod land is harvested in spring or late summer. It is prepared from sods cut in meadows and fields (the most valuable are plots from under clover and other perennial fodder plants). The sod is cut in layers 6-12 cm thick, 20-25 cm wide and 25-35 cm long. Sods are stacked in a semi-shady place.

Sods are laid in rows so that the upper surfaces covered with grass (lower and upper rows) are adjacent to each other. If possible, to speed up the decomposition process and improve nutritional qualities, when laying the sods, they are layered with cow or horse manure in a layer of 10-15 cm every 50 cm of folded sods. In case of excessive acidity of the soil at the place where sods are harvested, when laying sods, they are poured with lime, at the rate of 50 g per 1 m² of sods folded in two rows.

The dimensions of the stack vary within the following limits: height 1-1.2 m, width 1.5-2.5 and length 2-20 m. With higher stacking, aeration worsens and decomposition slows down. The stack is shoveled at least 1 time per summer. In dry weather, watering is carried out. Sod land is ready for use in 1-2 years.

Sometimes sod land is used in undecomposed form. In this case, the turf is carefully crushed. A small amount of sod land can be obtained by shaking out pieces of meadow sod.

For some plants, in particular for cyclamen, more fibrous soddy ground is required. In this case, the turf is cut and crushed into small pieces and, in this crushed form, is used for planting.

In floriculture, specially prepared garden soils are used. They are obtained by the decomposition of sod, leaves, manure, heather, peat and other organic substances containing humus. The original substrate affects the physical and chemical properties of garden soils. Flower growers harvest the following types of garden land: soddy, leafy, humus, peat, compost, etc.

sod land

Turf land is rich in essential nutrients that last for many years. Sod land is obtained from meadows and pastures, fallow lands, with grass-clover herbage. Soddy soil is distinguished as heavy (with a large amount of clay), medium (with equal proportions of clay and sand), and light (with a predominance of sand).

Sod land is harvested in the summer (at the time of maximum development of the herbage), in such a way that the sod has time to partially decompose by winter.

Sod with the help of discs or a shovel is cut into layers 20-30 cm wide, 8-10 cm thick, depending on the thickness of the turf layer. It is stacked in stacks 1.2 m wide, 1.5 m high and of any length. When forming stacks, the grass cover of the first and second layers of sod is turned towards each other. To accelerate the decomposition of the sod and enrich it with nitrogen, the layers are moistened with a solution of mullein or slurry (at the rate of 0.2-0.5 m 3 per 1 m 3 of sod). To reduce acidity, lime is added - 2-3 kg / m 3. From above, the stack is periodically moistened with slurry. The following summer, it is shoveled two or three times.

Only after two seasons do they get good quality sod land. In the second year (autumn), the earth is passed through a screen and removed into a closed room. Sod land left in the open loses nutritional value, porosity, elasticity and other qualities.

leaf ground

Leafy soil is light and loose, but contains fewer nutrients than soddy soil. For heavy soddy lands, it serves as a good cultivator. Leafy soil mixed with peat and sand is used as a substitute for heather soil.

Leaf ground is harvested in autumn during the period of mass leaf fall in parks, gardens, squares, forests. For this purpose, the leaves of linden, maple, fruit trees, etc. are most suitable.

Often, leafy soil is obtained from forest litter, removing the top layer by 2-5 cm. Collected dry leaves or forest litter with grass residues are formed into piles 1.2 m wide, 1.5 m high and of arbitrary length. When laying, the leaves are moistened with slurry or mullein solution and compacted. During the next summer, the leaf mass is moistened two or three times with slurry, lime is added and shoveled. Composted leaves rot and turn into leafy soil only by the autumn of the second year. Before use, the leaf earth is passed through a screen to separate undecomposed residues. Coniferous soil is prepared in the same way.

humus earth

Humus soil is a loose, oily, soft, homogeneous mass, rich in nutrients. It contains a large amount of nitrogen in a form easily digestible for plants. Such land is used for most potted crops and seedlings, as well as organic fertilizer in the open field.

Humus soil is formed from rotted manure mixed with old greenhouse soil. Manure planted in greenhouses as biofuel turns into humus by autumn. When cleaning greenhouses, humus is stacked in piles (as for soddy and leafy soil), moistened and shoveled once or twice during the next summer. The humus soil is kept outdoors for a year, then it is passed through a screen and stored indoors.

peat land

Peat land is a very moisture-intensive, soft and loose mass, consisting of slowly decomposing residues. But in its pure form, peat land is not very nutritious. It is used for various soil mixtures as a ripper to improve the physical properties of soddy land. Peat soil is also used in a mixture with light sandy soil, which improves their moisture capacity, as well as for soil mulching.

This land is harvested in low-lying peat bogs. For its preparation, peat chips and briquettes are also used. Decomposed peat is formed into piles up to 0.8 m high. When laying, layers of peat are moistened with slurry every 20 cm and sprinkled with lime - 10-15 kg / m 3. If riding peat is used, then the dose of lime is increased.

At the end of the first year of harvesting and in the middle of the second year, the mixture is shoveled and used in the third year (at this time, the acidity of peat decreases and its biological activity increases). When harvesting sod from peat meadows, sod-peat soil is prepared, which is used for peat pots, soil mulching and planting some plants.

Compost land

The quality of compost land depends on the type of waste and the nature of the composted material. According to the content of nutrients, compost soil occupies an intermediate position between soddy soil and humus soil.

This land is prepared by composting into piles, heaps, pits of various plant and animal residues, garbage, weeds, greenhouse and household waste. As it accumulates, the remains are sprinkled with lime, moistened with slurry and covered with peat or peat chips on top. In the second and third years, the compost mass is shoveled two or three times. Compost soil is usually ready only by the end of the third year. Before use, it is passed through a medium screen.

heather land

Heather land has practically lost its importance. It is successfully replaced with a mixture consisting of leafy earth - two parts, peat - three to four and sand - one part. The technology of preparation is the same as that of leafy soil.

Garden and garden land

Garden and garden soils are a nutrient layer of earth enriched with humus, which is harvested and stacked in autumn, adding lime, peat and potassium. In summer, the stack is shoveled twice. These lands, mixed with a small amount of sand, are successfully used for flower crops.

tree land

Woody soil is prepared from roots, stumps, branches, chips and other wood waste. As a result of the decomposition of wood residues, a light earth is formed, close in composition to the leaf, but poor in nutrients. It is used in the cultivation of orchids, ferns and bromeliads.

Composted bark

Composted bark is prepared as follows. The bark is crushed and composted into piles up to 3 m high with the addition of slag (from the sump of pulp mills) and other organic materials, which ensures the decomposition of the bark by microorganisms. Microbiological and biochemical processes during composting proceed more actively in the substrate with a particle size of 1-7 mm and the addition of urea (4.3 kg/m3) during the first few weeks. With constant shoveling, the duration of composting in summer is 4-4.5 weeks, in winter - 16-18 weeks.

The temperature in the stacks rises to 65-70 °C. The compost contains (g / m 3): potassium -300; phosphorus - 60; magnesium - 30; iron - 30; manganese - 20, as well as copper and other trace elements.

Moss

Moss is harvested in moss swamps. After drying, grinding and sieving, it is used in earthen mixtures to make it light, loose, and hygroscopic. In its pure form, moss is used in the forcing of lilies of the valley, to cover the earthy coma of orchids and other plants. Used for stratification and germination of large seeds.

Charcoal

Charcoal in the form of small pieces is added to earth mixtures for plants that do not respond well to waterlogging. Charcoal has the ability to adsorb excess water, but with a lack of the latter gives it away. In powder form, charcoal is used as an antiseptic for powdering cuts on dahlia tubers, gladiolus corms, cannes rhizomes, etc. In addition, it adsorbs herbicides and other chemicals from the soil.

Sand

The most commonly used coarse-grained river sand. It is added to earth mixtures without pre-treatment (1/5-1/10 of the total volume) to make it loose. When cutting, the sand is thoroughly washed with clean water from silty and clay particles. For hard-to-root plants, quartz sand is used.

Storing and mixing earth

For floriculture and horticultural purposes, a two-three-year supply of garden land is created. They are stored in closed, frost-free places. For each type of land, special bunk beds are made or separate rooms are allocated.

For florists and gardeners, all the indicated lands are needed. They are protected from pests and diseases. When compiling earth mixtures, the biological characteristics of plants, their age, culture conditions, as well as the reaction of the soil solution (pH) at which this plant can grow are taken into account.

Gardeners, especially beginners, are interested in how to use forest soil more efficiently: what to do with the top layer of forest soil brought to the site - mix it with garden soil or use it in its pure form.

Fertile forest soil can be a good addition to garden soil (about 1/3), but it is not practical to use it in its pure form.

In some cases, it is included in seedling mixtures. Be sure to figure out from which forest, from which places it is supposed to be taken.

Deciduous land includes leaf litter and the top layer (about 10 cm) of soil. The best earth has a dark color, contains a lot of organic matter, has a slightly acidic or neutral reaction. They take such land in mixed or broad-leaved forests, where linden, maple, aspen, and birch grow. You can also take clean litter without soil, add it to the compost, mulch it around the trunk circles of trees and shrubs.

Earth and litter from coniferous forests are suitable for mulching or adding to the soil for crops that prefer an acidic environment (rhododendrons, heathers, hydrangeas, blueberries, cranberries, lingonberries). It is believed that pine litter is more acidic, while spruce has a moderate acidity. The soil under spruces is quite fertile, so that it can be added to ordinary trees and shrubs. The litter of coniferous plants well suppresses the growth of weeds and increases the friability of the soil.

At the edge of the forest, you can take sod - the upper part of the soil, densely intertwined with grass roots. After rotting in the compost heap, it is used both for making mixtures for growing seedlings, and as a substrate for various perennial crops.

You should not dig the ground from a depth of more than 15-20 cm, in the middle lane the soil is not very fertile, there will be no benefit for the garden. At great depths, you will find only dense rock, often clay, that does not contain nutrients and beneficial microorganisms. If there is a need to improve the soil structure, add peat, sand (on clay soils) or clay and compost (on sandy soils).

It is very important to take good care of the forest. Do not remove large pieces of turf, they will be restored for more than one year. Do not expose tree roots. Do not make pit traps in the forest - it is dangerous for people.

Land from under the oak. Soil for seedlings is collected under oaks

Cherkasy 63-year-old Valentina MOROZ has been preparing the ground for seedlings and flowerpots since autumn. While picking mushrooms, he collects forest land from under oaks in bags. Until February, when he plants seedlings of tomatoes and peppers, he stores the soil in the cellar.

-There is no better soil for seedlings than forest soil, - says. - It is best if you can find a molehill in the forest, near the oaks. There are no worms, insects, because moles eat them. In a coniferous forest, the land is not so nutritious. I store in the cellar in several two-bucket bags. Also in the autumn I transplant flowerpots into the forest land. I add a handful of humus to the pot. Before transplanting or sowing seeds, I pour the soil into a bowl with a 3–5 cm layer. I pour heavily with boiling water.

Agronomist 61-year-old Volodymyr Tarasenko from Cherkasy is gaining forest land in the lowlands.

-During the rains, most of the humus is carried there, - he says. - I remove the top layer with a shovel, 15 centimeters thick. But it doesn't need to be over-moisturized. To remove insects and worms, in winter I take out a bag of earth to frost. Below minus 10 degrees, pests will die, but beneficial organisms will remain.

He says that pouring boiling water over the soil or roasting it harms.

-Beneficial nodule, azotobacteria die from temperature. They provide nutrients to plants. Before planting flowerpots or seedlings on a bucket of earth, I add a kilo of humus.

Since autumn, Vladimir Tarasenko advises to prepare humus as well. He says that in winter in the pits in the open air, it becomes waterlogged. Because of this, it will not be possible to mix it well with the soil. Therefore, one part of the seedlings will receive an excess of nutrition, the other will receive less.

Worms injure the roots

36-year-old Nikolai Dryzhenko from the village of Radovanovka in the Cherkasy region drives worms out of a transplanted flowerpot with water.

-If a worm gets into the pot, it will harm the root. He does not eat living roots, but feeds on overripe remnants. But he makes a lot of moves. Exposes the roots, injures them. Worms are indicated by breasts on the surface of the soil.

The owner puts the flowerpot in a bowl. Fill the pot with water so that the soil picks it up to the top.

-In a day or two, the pest will surely crawl out to the surface, because it will not have anything to breathe, - Nikolai Dryzhenko laughs.

Video HOW TO PREPARE SODF LAND FOR SEEDLINGS? Olga

Sod it. Turf

m. () f. cf. cf. sodden earth; the top layer of soil, densely overgrown with cereals, spike, meadow grass; meadow, oven rye, grass, ant, mur; fine-grass layer; n plow or virgin land. the name of the removed layer is also called, to transfer the ant, and each plate of it, in places, is spoken. erroneously vm. turn, and vm. blackthorn. grave. cf. , a place where the sod is removed, cut off in layers, or torn off, raised with a plow, under arable land. well. mezhnik, covers, turf gap between arable land, stripes. From verb. fight, goof, cry, quarrel. Turf about vy, made of turf. Sod edging of roads. Dernov about th, pertaining to turf. Sod iron ore. Turf and dense, strongly turfed, densely sprouted with roots of steppe, meadow grass. Soddy land, the same, to a lesser extent. || The turfy (turfy) peasant is old. assigned to, attached to the earth, serf, from the old. shit real estate in eternal inviolable possession, property, sobina. Thou hast been sold to him in turf, completely, irrevocably, in eternal possession; still remains adv. in about deren, completely, completely, forever. Turf at cabinet a dugout, a shack covered with turf or earth. Turf and be at bare heap, overlay, cover it with turf. Twitch, be twitch. Turf e nie cf. action is, work, according to vb. Turf e Th, turn into turf, densely grow (overgrow) with ants. Abandoned on bail, arable land pulls for ten years. Turf e nee cf. the state of twitching, overgrown with ants. Dernov a t slopes, pull, dress with turf. Dernov a nah, turf about vka turd, action. by vb. Turf or turf a dchik, a worker dressing slopes, edges of paths, etc. with cut turf or ant. Dernor e z m projectile for cutting and lifting turf. || Sod cutting worker.

Leafy soil is light, loose soil, obtained as a result of decay of fallen leaves. Leafy soil is not as nutritious as humus, but is well absorbed by plants. It has a slightly acidic reaction (pH 5...6), since a large amount of acids is formed during the decomposition of the leaves. It has a good structure, consists of air- and moisture-permeable lumps, dries quickly, it is added to loosen the substrate in various soil mixtures for growing indoor plants.

Leafy soil is great for all plants with thin, delicate roots. It is required for , . For cultivation, not completely rotted leaf humus is used, but with particles of unrotted leaves, so that the substrate is very loose.

Leaf ground is harvested in autumn in deciduous arrays. The best are the leaves of birch, linden, maple, elm, hazel and fruit plants. The leaves are raked in heaps, moistened if the weather is too dry.

The period of decomposition of the leaves depends on the type of tree. Quickly, in a year, under the right conditions, the leaves of most deciduous trees (birch, oak, maple, hawthorn, mountain ash, hornbeam, hazel, etc.)

The production of leaf humus is not too laborious, it is only important that the leaves are wet. You can add raw grass from a lawn mower. Make sure that the autumn rains regularly moisten the future humus. During the summer, it is advisable to water with slurry and mix.

Heaps of leaves are a great home for overwintering insects, so when adding leaf humus to the mixture, sterilize it to clean it of insects and their larvae.

• Leafy soil, or leafy humus, is formed from leaves that are piled up to rot.

  Leaves of deciduous trees are collected in parks, gardens, squares after leaf fall. Oak and chestnut leaves are less suitable because they contain a large amount of tannic acid, which negatively affects the root system of garden plants and decomposes slowly. Heaps are piled 1-1.5 m high, in dry summers they are abundantly watered. During the year, heaps are shoveled 2 times. After 2 years in heaps, the leaves completely decompose, turning into a homogeneous earthy mass, suitable for use in gardening and indoor and greenhouse floriculture.

  Leafy soil is considered nutritious and light. In complex earthen mixtures used in indoor and greenhouse floriculture, it ranges from 1/5 to 3/4 of the part.

Related concepts

Heather land. It is used for potted and tub culture of rhododendrons, azaleas, camellias, some types of orchids, ferns and other ornamental plants.

Chlorophytum (lat. Chlorophytum) is a genus of herbaceous plants. Previously, Chlorophytum was attributed to the Liliaceae family; among modern studies there is no consensus on the place of this genus: according to the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, the genus belongs to the Asparagus family, according to the GRIN website - to the Agave family.

Tree peonies - a group of species, natural and artificial hybrids and varieties of the genus Peony (Paeonia) characterized by thick, slightly branched, erect perennial shoots.

Indoor plants are plants that are grown in rooms and public spaces. Most indoor plants come from the tropics and subtropics.

References in literature

NIDULARIUM STRIPED (Nidularium innocentii var. Striantum Wittm.). Bromeliad family. Homeland - tropical regions of America. Herbaceous perennial stemless plant. The leaves are sessile, belt-shaped with longitudinal white-yellow stripes. Arranged spirally, forming a funnel in the center of the spiral, from which the lower leaves absorb water with nutritious mineral elements. During the flowering period, the middle bracts turn bright red, which gives the plant a special decorative effect. The flowers are collected in dense spike-shaped inflorescences emerging from a leaf rosette. Nidularium blooms in late winter - early spring. Propagated by young rosettes and less often by seeds (in greenhouses). The best soil mix for nidularium: finely chopped sphagnum moss, leafy soil, peat and sand (2:2:1:1). In summer, abundant watering, protection from the bright rays of the sun, periodic top dressing with mineral fertilizer of low concentration, warm and humid air are required. At room conditions, the nidularium must be sprayed frequently. From October to April, nidularium is kept on a bright window at a temperature of 15-16 ° C. In winter, watering should be more rare and careful. Single copies or groups are used to decorate rooms, foyers, shop windows, winter gardens, etc.

In Europe, Aphelandra has become a common plant due to its bright leaves and showy buds, although it is quite difficult to grow it indoors. It grows well only in warm (22-23 ° C) rooms with humid air, and it does not tolerate dry air at all. Overdrying of the coma, temperature fluctuations should not be allowed. Aphelandra is propagated from December to April by the tops of shoots at a temperature of 23-25°C. Rooted cuttings are planted in pots in a loose earthen mixture of 4 parts of leafy soil, 1 part of peat, 1 part of humus, 1 part of soddy soil, 1 part of sand, charcoal and bone meal, phosphorus must be added. Seed propagation is possible.

Leafy soil consists of rotted leaves of woody plants. Leaves are usually harvested in autumn, less often in spring in forests, parks and forest parks. The most suitable for these purposes are the leaves of maple, linden, elm, fruit and small-leaved (birch, aspen) plants. Fallen leaves, twigs, dried grass are raked with a rake and stacked in piles up to 2 m wide and up to 1.5 m high of any length. Then the piles are watered with slurry, lime is added and compacted. During the next summer, the leaf mass is shoveled two or three times and moistened with slurry. By the end of the second year, rotted leaves turn into light, loose leafy soil, the nutrients of which are in a form accessible to the roots and quickly absorbed by plants.

In the brightest place of the summer cottage, cacti, stonecrops, crassula and other succulents are placed, watering them moderately, but not feeding them. Actively growing callas require abundant watering, so there should be some water in the pan at all times. Large specimens of callas are transplanted into a mixture composed of leafy earth, sand, humus and peat. All components are taken in equal parts. The newly appeared shoot is separated and placed in a small pot with the same substrate.

Features: a variety of asparagus pinnate. In contrast, it has a low height and therefore does not require support. It has short shoots richly covered with cladodes. In pots for low asparagus, an earthen mixture is used, consisting of soddy, leafy earth, peat and sand in a ratio of 1:1:1:0.5. Suitable for single and group planting.

Zinnia is a light-loving and heat-loving plant that does not tolerate frost. For abundant long flowering requires soil with sufficient nutrients with a neutral reaction. The area allocated for the cultivation of zinnias is first dug up, and then humus, compost or leaf soil is added at 8-10 kg per 1 m2. From mineral fertilizers add 1 tbsp. spoon of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and nitrophoska and again dig to a depth of 10 cm.

Related concepts (continued)

Pellionia (lat. Pellionia) is a genus of flowering plants in the Urticaceae family. The genus includes more than 20 species of evergreen perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia.

Currant (lat. Ríbes) is a genus of plants from the Gooseberry family (Grossulariaceae) of the order of dicotyledonous flowering plants Saxifrage.

Hamedorea (lat. Chamaedorea) is a genus of flowering plants of the Palm family (Arecaceae). Includes more than a hundred species of low-growing woody plants, widely distributed in South and Central America.

Nitrária (lat. Nitrária) is a genus of halophyte plants, low shrubs of the Nitrariaceae family, in some sources it belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family.

Wittrock violet, or garden pansies (lat. Víola × wittrockiána) is a herbaceous perennial plant of hybrid origin of the Violet family.

Marx is multi-leaved, zhminda vine, zhminda rod-shaped, strawberry spinach (lat. Blítum virgátum, Chenopódium foliósum) is a herbaceous plant, a species of the genus Zhminda (Blitum), isolated from the genus Mary (Chenopodium) of the family Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae). Sometimes cultivated.

Codiaum motley (lat. Codiaēum variegātum) is a perennial evergreen shrub; species of the genus Codium of the Euphorbiaceae family (Euphorbiaceae).

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.) is a common vegetable crop, one of the cultivars of the garden cabbage species. It belongs to the varietal group botrytis, like Romanesco.

Asian hybrids (English The Asiatic Hybrids) - I section of lily varieties of complex hybrid origin according to the classification of the third edition of the International Lily Register (The International Lily Register. Third Edition. The Royal Horticultural Society. London, 1982).

Valerian, valerian (lat. Valeriána) is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the Valerianoideae subfamily of the Caprifoliaceae family, including more than two hundred species. The Latin generic name comes from lat. valere - to be healthy. It was first used in a book by the Italian botanist Matteo Silvatico (1285-1342).

Tomato, or tomato (lat. Solánum lycopérsicum) is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant, a species of the Solanum genus of the Solanaceae family. Cultivated as a vegetable crop.

Livistona (lat. Livistona) is a genus of perennial plants from the Palm family (Arecaceae), growing in Southeast Asia, Africa, Oceania, Australia.

Large-leaved hydrangea, or large-leaved Hydrangia (lat. Hydrángea macrophýlla) is a plant species of the Hydrangea genus, Hydrangeaceae family.

Actinidia kolomikta (lat. Actinídia kolomikta), or creeper - a perennial shrub liana; species of the genus Actinidia. Cultivated as an ornamental and fruit plant.

Tigridia (lat. Tigridia) is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbous plants from the Iris family, or Iris (Iridaceae).

The narrow-leaved sucker (lat. Elaeágnus angustifólia), or the eastern sucker, or pshat (fesida) (Elaeagnus orientalis) is a species of woody plants of the genus Loch (Elaeagnus) of the Loch family (Elaeagnaceae). South European-Central Asian species.

Pieris (lat. Pieris) is a genus of low evergreen shrubs or stunted trees (sometimes lianas) of the Heather family, common in Asia and North America.

Brussels sprouts (lat. Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) is a vegetable crop. Traditionally considered as a variety of the species Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) of the genus Cabbage (Brassica) of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae); some modern sources do not consider Brussels sprouts as an independent taxon, but consider it a group of varieties of the species Brassica oleracea L., with this approach, the correct name for this group is Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group.

Planting in crop production is the planting of young plants (seedlings, seedlings) of parts of plants (cuttings) or organs of vegetative reproduction of plants (tubers, bulbs) in a permanent place (in a field, garden, flower garden, and so on).

The most delicate Passiflora, or Banana granadilla, or the softest Passionflower, or Kuruba, or Tahoe (lat. Passiflóra mollíssima) is a tree-like liana of the Passionflower family, producing edible fruits. Species of the genus Passionflower.

Common hazel, or Hazel, or Hazelnut (lat. Córylus avellána) is a species of deciduous woody shrubs and trees of the genus Hazel (Corylus) of the Birch family (Betulaceae).

The real slipper, or the real lady's slipper, or the common lady's slipper (lat. Cypripedium calceolus) is a perennial herbaceous plant, widespread in Eurasia from the British Isles to the Pacific Ocean, a species of the genus Slipper of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae).

Jerusalem artichoke, or Jerusalem artichoke, or tuberous sunflower (lat. Heliánthus tuberósus) is a species of perennial herbaceous tuberous plants of the Sunflower genus of the Asteraceae family.

Azalea (lat. Azalea) - the collective name of some flowering plant species from the genus Rhododendron (Rhododendron). Previously, these species were separated into an independent genus of the Heather family (Ericaceae) - Azalea L..

Oxalis four-leaf (lat. Óxalis tetraphýlla) is a perennial bulbous herbaceous plant, a species of the genus Oxalis of the Oxalis family (Oxalidaceae).

Pisonia umbrella (lat. Pisonia umbellifera) is a decorative and cultural species of a plant of the genus Pisonia of the Nyctaginaceae family. It has another name - Pisonia Brown.

Common horse chestnut (lat. Aésculus hippocástanum) is a large deciduous tree, the most famous species of the Horse chestnut genus in Russia.

Korean chrysanthemum (lat. Chrysanthémum × koreanum, English hardy chrysanthemums) is a group of perennial small-flowered varieties of garden chrysanthemum (lat. Chrysanthemum × hortorum) of hybrid origin, characterized by relatively high resistance to low temperatures. Widely used in outdoor cultivation.

Paulownia felt, or Imperial tree (lat. Paulównia tomentósa) is a plant species of the genus Paulownia (Paulownia) of the Paulownia family (Paulowniaceae).

Martagon hybrids (English The Martagon Hybrids) - one of the sections of lily varieties according to the classification of the third edition of the International Lily Register (The International Lily Register. Third Edition. The Royal Horticultural Society. London, 1982).