How to transplant figs at home. houseplant from cuttings

Therefore, most often it is not available in fresh, but in dried or other processed form. But there are varieties of figs that grow and bear fruit even in an apartment, and can please lovers of both sweets and home flora.

Description

Fig, or fig, fig tree is a subtropical deciduous tree with a wide spreading crown and large lobed leaves. In nature, it grows up to 10 m and lives up to 300 years. There are male and female trees: male inflorescences are called caprifigs, female - figs. In appearance, the inflorescences are similar, but only the figs (female) turn into fruits. Pollination is carried out only by small wasps-blastophages. It is for them that the holes in the hollow inflorescences are intended. The trees, in turn, help the wasps reproduce. The fig fruit is pear-shaped, sweet and juicy, with many seeds inside. It is believed that the more seeds inside (more than 900), the better and more tender the fruit. This fruit is dried, canned, cooked from it, jam and even made (figs are called wine berries).

Thanks to their rich chemical makeup, figs have many health benefits. They are part of some medicines. They are used in the treatment of many diseases, even cancer at an early stage. The seeds, leaves and sap of the tree are also medicinal. Figs are very high-calorie, especially dried ones, and satisfy hunger well. They replace chocolate and sweets. No wonder the famous Cleopatra loved figs more than other sweets.

AT wild nature fig grows in warm countries with a humid climate: in the Mediterranean, Asia Minor, India, Iran, Afghanistan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Black Sea coast Crimea and the Caucasus. Cold-resistant varieties have already been bred that can grow in colder climates.

Open ground or home conditions?

To decide where to plant a fig tree, in open ground on the street or in a pot in an apartment, you need to take into account the characteristics of your climate zone and how figs grow. Although it is a heat-loving plant, some species can withstand severe frosts. The tree may freeze, but in the spring it will move away and bear fruit. AT natural conditions The fig tree bears fruit almost all year round: in spring, summer and autumn. The further north the region, the shorter the warm season, which is why the fruits do not have time to ripen.
In cold areas, it is best to grow a fig, if not in an apartment, then in a greenhouse, on a glazed terrace or loggia (it is warmer there than on the street). If it does not grow in open ground, but in a pot, it can be taken out for the summer, and brought indoors for the winter. In warm regions, figs grow safely in open ground and do not need special conditions.

Important! In Ukraine, the climate is perfect for growing figs in the open field, but for the winter they still need to be covered from frost.

Varieties for home growing

indoor figs Outwardly, it resembles its relative - a lush and low plant 2-3 m high. Unlike wild varieties, indoor figs do not need the services of an os-blastophage, as they are self-pollinating and produce tasty fruits even in an apartment. Figs are an unpretentious plant, so growing them at home does not require special efforts. It loves heat, but also withstands coolness. In an apartment in summer, it is best to put a pot near the window on the east side, and in winter - on the south. There is a wide variety of room varieties of figs.

Sochi 7 and Sochi 8

As the name suggests, these two varieties of figs are bred in the city of Sochi and have similar characteristics. Without artificial pollination, they bear fruit once a year and give juicy sweet fruits weighing 60 g. Recommended for growing in an apartment.

This wonderful variety brings a harvest twice a year, in summer and autumn, and without caprification. Fruit Green colour with red pulp, large, up to 130 g, at the first harvest they are larger than at the second.

White Adriatic

This variety of fig tree at the beginning and at the end of summer produces very sweet fruits of yellow-green color, small size, weighing 60 g. It does without artificial pollination.

Seyanetsogloblinsky

The variety is named after the scientist who developed it from other domestic varieties of figs. It differs in that the fruits appear on it in autumn, growth stops in winter and the fruits hibernate on the tree as small green ones, and in spring they grow again, and in summer the harvest is ready.

Cultivation and care

Grow fig tree in an apartment as easily as a ficus. Minor efforts to care for him will certainly be rewarded with a bountiful harvest. First you need to learn how to properly grow figs so that at home it takes root well and brings delicious fruits twice a year.

Landing

There are certain rules on how to plant figs. Landing should be carried out in the spring, until active growth begins. Seedling pot or small flower pot(no more than half a liter) must be filled with a substrate of sand and (1: 1) with the addition of. And you can add coarse sand to the leafy ground, a little peat and mix it. The source material for planting figs can also be root shoots.
You can sow several seeds in one dish, so that later you can choose the strongest one from them. It is enough to sprinkle the seed with moist soil, without compacting, then cover with glass and leave warm. After 2-3 weeks, sprouts will sprout. And after waiting another 5 weeks, the seedlings can already be transplanted. The figs planted in this way will give the first fruits only after five years, therefore, growing a tree at home from seeds is used only in the absence of cuttings.

If a sprout has gone from the root, it can also become new. To do this, you need to bend it to the ground, sprinkle it and so fix it. Roots will appear in 3-4 weeks, and the seedling is ready for planting in a pot. The most common planting material is cuttings. Trees planted in this way bear fruit in their second year. To do this, you need to follow some recommendations on how best to grow figs from cuttings. It should have at least 3-4 buds. From below it is necessary to make an oblique cut 2 cm below the last kidney, from above - a straight cut 1 cm above the first. To speed up the emergence of roots, the leaves can be cut and a few scratches made on the bottom of the cutting, which will be covered with earth. It is advisable to moisten the oblique cut in, a root formation stimulator, and immerse the stalk in a kidney that is moist on the second from the bottom. The earth must be compacted and covered with a glass plastic bottle or transparent package. Roots will appear in about 3 weeks.

The soil

Be sure to lay a layer at the bottom of the pot, and fill it with soil on top. Can be used purchased land and mix it with ash and sand. And you can take the usual one from the garden, generously add sand and to improve water permeability.

reproduction

Reproduction of figs is carried out in the same way as planting: and root shoots. You can root root shoots at any time. But it is impossible to grow a new fig from seeds if they are taken from a seedling from a nursery. They grow female plants there. If there was no male tree nearby, then pollination did not occur, and the seeds are sterile. Nothing will grow out of them.

Also, cuttings propagate such trees as: plum, thuja, blue spruce, hawthorn,

Features of care

To determine how to care for figs at home, you need to remember that the tree loves heat, light and moisture. solar lighting and a warm climate (air temperature in the range of 22-25 ° C) are needed for proper flowering and timely fruit ripening. The domestic fig tree bears fruit in June and October. After that, sheds leaves and "rests" in winter at a temperature not exceeding 10 ° C.

Indoor figs are a fruit-bearing plant. In order not to lose this ability, he needs plentiful and regular. Mature plants can take a long break in, and for young trees this is detrimental. In winter, during the dormant period, on the contrary, you need to water less. The main thing is to make sure that the earth in the pot does not dry out. If at this time the leaves on the tree are still green, you need to dry the soil so that the leaves turn yellow and fall off. At the end of February, growth begins again, and frequent growth should be resumed.

During its existence, figs have acquired many names. It is called a fig or a fig tree, a fig or a fig tree. The genus of figs is deciduous ficuses. The plant is a bushy tree that can grow up to three meters in height.

Individual specimens can reach fifteen meters. The trees are covered with light gray bark and consist of thick, slightly branched branches. Hard, hairy leaves of a beautiful carved shape. outer part sheet plate has a green color, and the inner one is grayish green. If the shoots or leaves are damaged, a thick milky juice is intensively released.

Female plants are called figs. It is they who bloom with pistillate flowers and give edible fruits. Male representatives are called caprifigs. They form two types of flowers: pistillate and staminate.

Of the former, inedible fruits are subsequently formed, and the latter are needed for pollination of fig flowers. For pollination (caprification) are responsible small wasps - blastophages that live in male flowers.

fig trees at proper care able to bear fruit every year.

Moreover, flower buds, from which inflorescences and berries develop, are laid in the axils of each leaflet. Dioecious varieties are not suitable for growing in an apartment, because pollination will not occur. For these purposes, special dwarf self-fertile varieties figs, which form female inflorescences and can set fruit without pollination.

The cultivation of fig trees in open ground is possible only in the southern regions. In cold climates, figs are grown indoors. For this purpose, varieties that do not need caprification have been bred:

• Kadota. Forms large pear-shaped rounded ribbed fruits of the correct form, weighing up to one hundred grams. Tasteful berries, 5-9 cm in size and 2.4-2.8 cm in diameter, have yellow with green tint color and golden flesh. Self fertile variety. Can produce a second crop on young growth.
• Sukhumi purple. Gives medium fruits, the weight of which does not exceed 50 grams. The shape of the berries is pear-shaped asymmetrical with slight ribbing. The color of the fig is blue-violet, and the flesh is red. Figs have pleasant taste characteristics with moderate sweetness. Self-fertile, but produces only one crop per year.
• Dalmatian. The first harvest consists of large berries, weighing up to 130 grams, and the second - from smaller fruits up to 65 grams. The berries are pear-shaped, elongated, slightly expanded at the top, have light green color. Red juicy flesh is moderately sweet in taste. Fruiting occurs twice per season. Harvest time: July and October.
• Adriatic white. Forms fruits at the beginning and at the end of summer. Each berry weighs about 60 grams and has a slightly rounded elongated shape with a pale yellow-green color. Taste characteristics are good, with rich sweetness.
• Seedling of Ogloblin. The variety is obtained from a parental pair grown only in room conditions. The peculiarity of this variety is that the autumn berries that have appeared are stored all winter and do not increase. And with the advent of spring, they begin to grow and become normal in size by the summer period. Pear-shaped fruits are moderately sweet. When mature, they are yellowish green in color. When propagated by cuttings, they reach fruitful maturity in the second third year of life.
• October gift. The Crimean variety of figs was obtained by breeders of Nikitsky botanical garden. The berries are rounded with a slightly elongated top, similar to the Kadota variety, but much tastier.

There are many more varieties that are able to grow and bear fruit on the windowsill, among which are: Sary Alsheron, Kusarchay, Uzbek yellow, Sochi No. 7 and No. 8, Muason, Black Pearl.

All indoor varieties small trees and are self-fertile. It is known that figs began to be grown at home as early as the seventeenth century. Therefore, growing a fig tree on the windowsill today will not be difficult.

Indoor figs can be propagated in three ways: seeds, cuttings and root shoots. The most popular reproduction is through cuttings, because in this case, fruiting occurs in 2-3 years. In second place is reproduction through seeds. Trees begin to bear fruit after 5-6 years. Cultivation of figs by root shoots in indoor floriculture rarely practiced due to the high risk of injury to the root system and subsequent death of the plant.

Growing figs from seeds:

• Room fig seeds are suitable for germination within two years. Landing seed material should be given Special attention soil composition. Figs are suitable for light soil with high content humic acids. But an excess of carbonates negatively affects the condition of the plant.
• To prepare the soil for sowing seeds, you need to take coarse sand and humus in equal amounts. A soil mixture of peat, humus and sand is also suitable.
• Landing capacities must be provided good drainage. 2-3 grains are sown in each. Subsequently, the strongest plant is left from the seedlings.
• sown shallowly and cover the containers with polyethylene so as not to retain moisture. For germination, you need to withstand a temperature of 24-27 degrees. If all conditions are met, then the first shoots can be expected in 2-4 weeks.

Cutting rules:

• To do this, prepare the material. I do this in the middle of winter, when the tree sheds its leaves and enters a dormant period. For cutting cuttings, the central parts of the branches from an adult fruit-bearing plant, which is at least five years old, are most suitable. It should be borne in mind that the rooting of green cuttings is not going well. Branches must be ripe. On each fragment, at least fifteen centimeters long, there should be three to four internodes. The lower part of the cutting is made at an angle, and the upper part is straight, departing from the extreme kidney 1-2 cm.
• After fragmentation, the cuttings must be kept for 5-6 hours in a dry, cool place until the juice ceases to stand out. According to the recommendations of some flower growers, for the same purpose, oozing cuttings are placed in warm water.
• When the secretion of juice stops for lower parts cuttings make longitudinal scratches, destroying upper layer bark to cambium. This procedure has a beneficial effect on the formation of a powerful root system.
• After manipulations, the cuttings are placed in a biostimulant solution and kept for the time set according to the instructions. After that, the cuttings can be planted.
• To root the cuttings, you need to prepare containers that are filled in layers: drainage, from expanded clay or pebbles - about two centimeters; soil, loose fertile soil is suitable, the layer of which should be close to seven centimeters; sandy, a four-centimeter layer is poured from pre-calcined sand.
• The sand layer must be moistened and holes made in it. After removing from the stimulator, the cuttings are washed running water, powder the lower sections with ash and place in the holes. The sand around the cutting needs to be compacted. The containers are covered with a jar or a transparent bag.
• For rooting cuttings need a temperature in the range of 23-26 degrees. The cuttings take root within one and a half months, during which it is necessary to ventilate the seedlings and moisten the sand.

According to the second method, until the roots form, the cuttings can be kept in a container with water, which is changed every 2-3 days. Then immediately planted in the ground.

In order for figs to develop well and bear fruit, a number of conditions must be met:

1. Light mode. Figs love sunny places. With a lack of light, it will develop poorly and the fruits will not have time to ripen.
2. Temperature regime. The temperature in the room is maintained the same as when rooting the cuttings.
3. Irrigation. Needs abundant watering in the summer. In spring and autumn, the plant should be watered as needed. The tree will tell about the lack of moisture with twisted leaves that will begin to fall off.
4. Humidity. Needs spraying only during the dry season.
5. Fertilizer. During the growing season, twice a month, top dressing is alternately applied in the form of a solution of organic and.
6. . The plant grows quite quickly and requires an annual transplant in order to increase landing capacity. Figs are transplanted at the end of winter, before the start of the growing season.
7. When the crown grows, it is recommended to conduct a component. It should be remembered that the more young shoots, the better fruiting will be. Pruning is carried out in autumn or winter, when the plant sheds leaves. Intensively growing shoots are cut by a third. Cut parts can be rooted.
8. Closer to winter, figs shed their leaves and go into a dormant period. At this time, it is recommended to reduce the temperature to 15-18 months, and you need to water the plant cold water. If dormancy does not occur, it is recommended to reduce watering and reduce the temperature of water and air.

Figs grown indoors are rarely susceptible to diseases and pests. But if the conditions are not met or summer period the plant is on the street, then diseases can develop: gray rot and brown or coral spotting.

Pests of figs are specific and are represented by fig psyllid, fig moth and mealybug. From neighboring plants, infection with a spider mite is possible.

If signs of disease or the presence of pests are detected, sanitization: Remove affected leaves and twigs and spray with systemic fungicides.

It does not take much effort to grow figs and wait for the fruits. It is enough to choose the right variety, choose the soil mixture, plant and follow simple recommendations. When waiting for the fruits, you should be patient, especially if the figs were grown from seeds.

More information can be found in the video:

Fig fruits have good taste and a significant amount of useful properties. Therefore, many have a desire to grow this plant at home. To do this, you need to know about the special needs of the plant and how to care for it. Before considering how to grow figs at home, let's take a closer look at the characteristics of this crop.

Description and types of culture

Favorite delicacy can be grown in your garden

The fig, which is also called the fig tree, is a member of the ficus genus of the mulberry family. Despite the fact that it is a subtropical shrub, it also successfully grows in cold latitudes - in the eastern, middle and Western Europe. Figs are resistant to low temperatures, some of its species withstand frosts down to -20 ° C. This crop is grown not only in open ground, but also at home.

Flowers develop in generative shoots located in the axils of the leaves. This only applies to female plants. After a certain period of time, the flowers are replaced by seedlings. As they develop, their size increases, and the shape takes on the shape of a pear. Seeds are located inside the seedlings. Many varieties of figs can be harvested twice a year. Breba (first harvest) ripens by early summer. The second fruiting begins in the first half of autumn.

Varieties of figs

Not all varieties of figs are suitable for growing in cold regions. To do right choice, you need to familiarize yourself with their varieties in detail. So, the most popular types are the following:

1. Brunswick is an early variety. The fruits of this fig have an elongated shape and a burgundy-greenish color.
2. Brown Turkey is a variety recently created specifically for growing in cold areas. Has a dark brown color.
3. Dalmatic - late variety, has good frost resistance. Its fruits can be recognized by their green color and pink flesh.
4. The tiger fig is an old variety. Its feature is appearance fruits - they are distinguished by a yellow-green striped color. The pulp has a rich red color, and tastes vaguely reminiscent of strawberries.
5. Chicago Hardy - has high frost resistance.
6. Madeleine de Deux, purple Bordeaux, Violette de Bordeaux - French vintage varieties. Differ in early fructification, successfully grow in zones with cold climatic conditions.
7. Kadota is a green fig with excellent taste properties.

Varieties in the photo

Variety Madeleine de Deux - a wonderful healthy delicacy

Brown turkey is suitable for growing in cold regions

Brunswick is a popular fig variety with juicy fruits.

Dalmatian figs are used by many cooks

Tiger fig - a rare variety, for which it is more valued by gardeners

Chicago hardy is not only tasty, but also very healthy.

Kadota figs have a rich aroma

Planting seeds

To plant a plant, you do not need special knowledge and skills

The process of planting fig seeds has the following features:

1. To obtain high-quality planting material, it is necessary to cut the fruit into two parts and remove the seeds.
2. Then they are placed in a sieve with small cells and washed under running water.
3. Next, the seeds need to be dried. To do this, they are laid out on a paper napkin and left for a day.
4. After this time, the planting material is ready for use.
5. For planting, you need a container. First, drainage is poured onto the bottom, then a nutrient substrate. The composition of the soil mixture includes rotted manure, sod land and sand (it can be replaced with peat) in a ratio of 2:2:1. For greater efficiency, add wood ash at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per 1 liter of mixture.
6. The soil must be well moistened, then put a napkin on the surface and sprinkle with a small amount of soil.
7. The pot is covered with polyethylene and placed in a place where the temperature level reaches 25°C.
8. Seeds need abundant moisture. Carry out the procedure daily using soft, settled water. room temperature. Try to water in such a way that the liquid level in the pot pan is always kept at 1-2 mm. This is important rule, non-compliance with which increases the risk of death of the entire crop.
9. Crops should be aired daily. To do this, remove the bag from the pot and remove the resulting condensate. You also need to monitor the level of soil moisture, if necessary, moisten it with a spray bottle.
10. After 15-20 days shoots will appear. If they are too dense, they should be thinned out. Otherwise, the seedlings will not be able to fully develop.
11. After the appearance of the first 2-3 leaves, seedlings can be planted in separate pots and looked after as an adult tree.

Care and optimal growing conditions

Frequent watering, an abundance of light and heat - important conditions for fruit ripening

Figs are a moisture-loving crop. Its growing season starts from January and lasts until October. At this time, the plant needs abundant watering. With a lack of moisture, the leaves curl, and the seeds fall off. Therefore, settled water is used for irrigation. The procedure is carried out as the soil dries.

Important! The level of air humidity does not affect the development of culture.

From October, figs begin to lose their leaves. Then comes a period of rest. It lasts from mid-November to the end of December. During the winter, the crop should be at a lower temperature than the rest of the time. Therefore, it must be moved to the windowsill and moved as close as possible to the window. During this period, the soil is rarely moistened, only to prevent the soil from drying out.

Important! During dormancy, figs should not be watered abundantly.

Another condition for growing a crop is good lighting. Although figs can tolerate shade, they must receive sufficient light during fruiting. It also needs to be fed, especially the plant needs it during active growth. Fertilizers are applied in the first half of January (10-15th), when the buds begin to swell. Further feeding is carried out every two weeks, while the composition nutrients should alternate:

1. Initially, a manure composition is introduced, which is prepared at the rate of 5 g of fertilizer per 1 liter of water.
2. Then phosphorus top dressing is used: 7 g of superphosphate is diluted in a similar amount of liquid. Its granules dissolve well under the influence high temperature, so the composition should be boiled.
3. Figs also need potassium trace elements. Top dressing is done like this: 1 tsp is diluted for 1 liter of water. ash extract. Before use, the solution is defended for a day. Ash can be scattered on the ground and mixed with the soil.
4. During the growing season, microfertilizers are applied twice.
5. For a dormant period, a break is made in top dressing.

To form the correct crown, figs must be cut

To form a crown, figs are pruned. This process has the following features:

1. Pruning is usually started in early spring. Damaged and crossing branches are subject to removal. As well as those that grow inside.
2. Excessively long branches should be shortened. In the summer, new shoots are pruned. Shortening is performed after the fifth sheet.
3. Unripe fruits are harvested in autumn.

Culture transplant

Transplanting will allow the tree to become stronger

Until the fig reaches the age of three, it is transplanted once a year. This process is carried out before the beginning of the growing season, that is, in the last days of December.

Important! Adult culture is transplanted every two years.

A humus mixture is usually used as a soil. You can buy it at the store or make your own. The composition of the mixture includes sand, turf, leaf ground and humus. All components are added in equal amounts.

In the first few years, flower pots can be used. Their size should be increased with each subsequent transplant. The capacity is selected, focusing on the desired dimensions of the plant. The size of a fig depends on the development of its root system. For home cultivation, containers with a volume of 6-8 liters are used, as they are placed on a standard windowsill.

Transplantation occurs in the following sequence of actions:

1. Initially, a layer of sand or expanded clay 2 cm thick is poured into the pot.
2. Then the fourth part of the tank is filled with manure.
3. After pouring the soil mixture.
4. Figs are placed in the central part of the pot and the roots are covered with soil.
5. It is necessary to ensure that they do not come into contact with manure. A small layer of soil should separate the root system from the fertilizer.

The transplanted plant should be well watered. Voids form in the soil, as a result of which too much air appears around the roots. This negatively affects the development of culture. In the process of watering, the voids are filled with water, after it is absorbed, the soil moves there. Every 14 days, the soil should be enriched with mineral nutrients.

Reproduction at home

Cuttings - the best way to propagate figs

There are several ways to propagate figs:

• seminal;
• vegetative;
• with the help of roots.

The first method of propagating a crop is rarely used, since in this case the culture begins to bear fruit later than when using other options. Also, seed propagation does not always ensure the preservation of the characteristics of the mother culture. Vegetative way, which is also called cuttings, gives better results. In addition, it does not require much effort. So, the breeding process is performed in this order:

1. Before the growing season, before the start of bud growth and the formation of leaves, cuttings up to 15 cm long are cut. Using a napkin, remove the juice in the cut area.
2. After the cuttings are placed in a cool dry place for 10 hours. Juice can not be removed. But then the planting material needs to be kept in a heteroauxin solution for a day - 1 tablet is used per liter of water.
3. Pour into a container with a diameter of 9 to 15 cm river sand and 3 cuttings are deepened into it by 2 cm.
4. Then the planting material is watered with warm water, the temperature of which should not exceed 25 ° C, and covered with an ordinary jar.
5. After one month, roots will appear. To speed up the process, it is necessary to create special conditions for the cuttings - to maintain the soil temperature at 25 ° C.

It is not always possible to timely detect the formation of the root system. To facilitate this task, it is recommended to plant cuttings in transparent containers - for example, in plastic glasses. When the roots begin to form, they penetrate to the walls. As soon as they become noticeable, the cuttings need to be transplanted into the soil mixture. For its manufacture, sand, peat, sod land and humus will be required.

Important! The formation of the root system indicates the need to transplant the cuttings.

Consider another breeding method, which is considered the easiest:

1. Fig branches are tilted to the ground and fixed in this position.
2. Then sprinkle with soil and water regularly. After two months, these branches form their own root system.
3. In the second year, the new fig will begin to bear fruit. The shoots are separated with a shovel from the main tree and transplanted.

Possible problems and solutions

With proper care, figs will delight with a plentiful tasty harvest.

Figs with proper care are rarely exposed to pests. But you need to pay attention to the formation of the crown. With the intensive development of culture, it grows at a rapid pace. Long shoots must be removed in a timely manner. This will strengthen the lower branches.

root system figs can suffer from lack of air. Regular loosening of the soil will help to avoid this. With insufficient moisture, the culture loses leaves, so the soil should not be allowed to dry out.

Video: planting a garden master class

Figs can be called unpretentious plant. It is able to grow successfully in both subtropical climates and in cold areas, as it is resistant to low temperatures. And also practically not subject to the harmful effects of pests. Caring for figs does not require much effort. Creation optimal conditions for its cultivation will allow you to get a quality crop.

Figs are an exotic fruit with high taste qualities. If a gardener decides to plant figs on his plot, growing a crop will require the provision of all conditions for development and growth. The key to success in this difficult task is: planting, competent choice of variety and regular care of the bush.

For the northern hemisphere, it is better to choose self-fertile varieties of figs that do not need pollination by blastophage wasps, since they live only in subtropical conditions. The best varieties for this are:

1. White Adriatic, which is a small fruit covered with a yellow-green skin and soft pink flesh.
2. Dalmatian, considered one of the cold-resistant varieties. The fruits are pear-shaped and grey-green in color. The fruits are very juicy and have a sweet and sour taste.
3. Kadota" - excellent variety for long distance transportation. It is a round-pear-shaped fruit with pink flesh and a sweet taste.

In addition to the main varieties can be grown the following types: Brunsvik, Crimean black, Nikitsky fragrant, Apsheron.

Climate comfort

How to grow figs so that it not only pleases the eye, but also bears fruit well? To do this, it is necessary to provide the plant with optimal climatic conditions. Since the subtropics are considered the birthplace of the bush, it needs high-quality watering.

The procedure must be carried out taking into account the age of the plant:

1. Young stems need to be watered every week. The volume of moisture is from 5 to 10 liters per bush.
2. In subsequent years, the root system of the culture has already been formed, so watering can be reduced to 1 time in two weeks, and the water rate should increase to 8-10 liters per bush.
3. During the period of fruit ripening, watering should be stopped.
4. Water the plant for the last time after harvest to increase the wear resistance of the fig.

Watering should be carried out taking into account the age of the plant

After each watering, it is necessary to carefully loosen the aisle and weed it to prevent the growth of weeds.

You need to feed the plant at least twice a month. There are a number of rules for feeding culture:

1. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in the first third of the growing season.
2. In mid-summer, it is important to focus on phosphates to promote fruit set.
3. In the last third of the growing season, you need to make a large share potash fertilizers, which will help to better ripen both the fruits and the wood itself. Nitrogen fertilizers are prohibited during this period.
4. Monthly it is necessary to carry out top dressing with microelements necessary for the normal development of the shrub.
5. Twice a month, foliar top dressing should be carried out by spraying.
6. For berry bushes are important and organic top dressing. For this, humic acids, microorganisms and ground are used.

You need to feed the plant at least twice a month.

All top dressing should be carried out only after watering, in order to prevent burns of the root system.

Landing place

It is better to choose the sunniest place for planting shrubs. It is desirable that tall trees or tall buildings be located on the south side. If there are some objects on other sides that can protect from the wind, you can create optimal microclimate in summer time.

In order to resolve the issue of how to grow figs on the site, you need to take care of a well-executed planting. For this plant, planting deep in trenches is considered the best way.

the best way considered landing deep in trenches.

They need to be dug in such a way that the depth is at least half a meter, and the width is about a meter. If the soil is loamy, it is better to fill the bottom with a drainage layer of sand and fine gravel.

For the substrate, surface soil is mixed with humus, manure and compost, after which it is poured into the planting pit.

After that, small mounds are poured on which seedlings will be laid. To do this, the roots are straightened, and the seedlings are covered with earth, holding the stems, to the level of the root neck.

For the substrate, surface soil is mixed with humus, manure and compost, after which it is poured into the planting pit.

The southern slope is covered with a dense black film, which will not only protect the root part of the stem, but also prevent weeds from growing. The appearance of weeds can lead to diseases, as they block the bottom of the shrub from the sun.

From the northern part, you need to install a polymer wall or from slate sheets. It will reflect light rays and smooth out uneven lighting.

To correctly form a plant, you need to understand how figs grow.

To create a compact form, you need to build a trellis from wooden slats or ordinary wire. A bush will be tied to it.

In the first year of development, three upper shoots 20 cm high are left during pruning. One of them is launched vertically, and two side ones are tied to the trellis. The result is a kind of trident.

When the stems reach a height of about a meter, they are bent parallel to the ground. Further growth of the stems is started vertically and tied up for the accuracy of the angles.

The next spring, the trunk, which is in the middle of the bush, is cut off 20 cm above the place where the branches appear. Then we repeat last year's procedure.

To correctly form a plant, you need to understand how figs grow.

Thus, the plant must be grown up to 4 tiers of branches. At the last stage, only two branches are left, which are carried out in different directions parallel to the ground. When they grow to 10 cm, they are allowed vertically.

As a result, a neat compact bush is obtained, which can become a decorative element of the landscape. For example, approx.

reproduction

Figs, the care and cultivation of which require care, are also demanding on the methods of reproduction. It is believed that best ways plant transplants in our climate are:

• propagation by cuttings;
• seed way.

For this method, you can use both winter seedlings and summer green shoots.

Winter cuttings are taken only from plants that are at least a year old. Planted cuttings in early spring with light soil until buds appear.

Green cuttings should be planted in late spring or early summer, preferably in the sand. Cuttings are taken from fruit-bearing plants. Before rooting, they are contained in humid environment. (This can be a jar of water or a regular glass).

Cuttings are planted in early spring with light soil until buds appear.

The container is placed in a warm place. After about 3-4 weeks, the roots will appear, and when they are 1-2 cm long, they can be planted in the soil.

To obtain the source material, only the best juicy fruits are selected. From them, choose the pulp with seeds, put it in a bowl and leave it in a warm place for about 3-5 days. After the mass begins to ferment, the seeds are separated from the remnants of the pulp, washed and dried. After that, they are stored until February, when they start planting.

Then the source material is sown in the prepared substrate, consisting of humus, soddy soil and sand, to a depth of about 0.5 cm. The appearance of the first shoots is expected in about a month, subject to daily spraying of the soil warm water. After the appearance of 6-8 leaves, the seedlings dive into separate pots with a diameter of 10 cm or more.

To obtain the source material, only the best juicy fruits are selected.

The plant will be ready for transplanting into open ground in 2 years. During the period of home cultivation of seedlings, they must be fertilized, and with the onset of stable heat, they are taken out into the open air. There they can stay until autumn.

After the end of the growing season at average temperatures of about 2 degrees Celsius, you can start covering the bushes. For this you need:

1. Remove autumn structures: arcs, non-woven fabric and polycarbonate.
2. Branches bend to the ground.
3. Lay boards or sheets of plywood on top of the pit.
4. Lay a strong film over the flooring.
5. A layer of earth of about 10 cm is poured over the entire structure. It will not allow frost to penetrate the tree.

In especially frosty regions, you can make an additional layer of insulation.

The presence of air in the shelter will ensure normal aeration of the plant.

In especially frosty regions, you can make an additional layer of insulation. As a natural insulation can be:

• straw;
• tops of corn;
• spruce branches.

As a load stacked on polyethylene, the following can be used:

• boards;
• cardboard;
• ruberoid.

If the material for shelter is too dense, small holes are made in it for air to enter.

After the end of the cold weather, one of highlights in the care of figs, the timeliness of plant opening is considered.

So that the stem does not rot, it must be opened already in mid-April. In the case when the soil above the structure has not thawed, it can be spilled with hot water.

So that the stem does not rot, it must be opened already in mid-April.

After that, a greenhouse is erected above the tree, and the associated branches straighten out. The stem is cleared of dry leaves, while the fruits formed during wintering are left on the branches.

Diseases and pests

Based on where the fig grows, you need to be prepared for the fact that the plant will be susceptible to various diseases and be attacked by pests.

The most common diseases are:

1. Cancer of branches, which covers the affected area of ​​the trunk with cracks. As a result of the disease, the wood is exposed, part of it dies.
2. Gray rot is manifested by gray and white bloom on the fruits themselves.
3. Fusarium leads to internal rotting of the fruit and flaking of the pulp.
4. Anthracnose is characterized by the appearance dark spots on fruits that lead to fruit rot.
5. Fruit souring begins with the appearance of various brown or watery spots.

The following pests can attack the shrub:

1. Butterfly moth, which can lead to rotting of the fruit.
2. The leafworm, which is considered to damage the bush in such a way that the leaves turn yellow, the fruits begin to rot, and the stem itself dries out.
3. The psyllid threatens to slow down the growth of the stem due to a lack of useful substances sucked out by the pest.
4. The beetle damages the bark, which often leads to the death of the plant.

Butterfly moth can lead to fruit rot

To control pests, it is necessary to use special insecticides, and to overcome various fungal diseases It is possible by normalizing the climatic regime of irrigation and careful care.

Harvesting

At competent landing and caring for figs, outdoor cultivation can bring a good harvest. Fig fruits ripen extremely unevenly, so they are removed from the trees as they ripen. A sign of ripeness is the appearance of drops of nectar on the skin, the color of the fruit depending on the variety, as well as the softness of the fruit. When the fruit is torn off at the point of separation from the branch, no juice is released.

Fresh figs can be stored for about 2-3 weeks. During this time, it must be processed. It is usually used for making jams and as fillings. And when dried, it becomes one of the most popular dried fruits.

Having dealt with the intricacies of growing a shrub in the open field and the features of caring for it, you can get a stable harvest of tasty and healthy berries.

To grow figs, you need to find out many subtleties. If you want to plant figs, outdoor cultivation should begin with the purchase of a grown seedling.

Modern methods of plant breeding make it possible to grow Exotic fruits in temperate latitudes with an unsuitable climate for these plants. Russian gardeners are happy to cultivate figs in the open field on their plots and collect good harvests sweet, delicious fruits. Gardeners gained positive experience in growing figs not only in the Kuban and Krasnodar, but also in more northern regions.

Where did the fig leaf come from?

Another name for figs is the fig tree. It belongs to the genus ficus - hence Russian name tree - fig. Figs - a deciduous tree native to Asia Minor, grows wild in the subtropical zone, where the climate is very warm and humid. The height of the trees reaches 12 meters, the diameter of the trunk is 60-70 cm. Up to 200 kg of fruits can be collected from one tree.

Growing and caring for figs in the garden is:

• Mandatory formation;
• Shelter for the winter;
• Tinning of the near-trunk circle;
• Abundant watering;
• Three times feed.

Choose a variety

Modern varieties of figs are self-pollinating. Growing figs from such seeds is impossible. Propagate it by cuttings and layering, or purchase ready-made seedlings in the store. Figs in the open field do not require high costs labor, but allows you to get good yields (up to 20 kg of fruit per summer) from one bush.

To get a long-lived, fruit-bearing plant, you need to choose the right variety. Growing figs in cold climates has become very popular, special varieties have been bred:

• Dalmatica has a small size, few leaves, large fruits, very frost-resistant, tolerates weathering well, the variety is late-ripening, the fruits ripen by September;
• Brunswick ripens at the end of August, its fruits are elongated, dark green;
• The Tiger variety is distinguished by an unusual striped color of the fruits, the fruits taste very sweet, reminiscent of strawberries, a mid-ripening variety;
• The Red Bordeaux variety and the Violet Bordeaux variety are frost-resistant, the fruits begin to ripen early (July - August);
• Brown Turk - one of the new varieties, bred specifically for the northern regions;
• Kadota - frost-resistant variety, giving green, very tasty fruits.

Planting in the ground: spring

The place where the fig tree will grow should be elevated, well lit from the south side. The root system of the plant needs soils with good drainage properties.

Figs that cannot be grown outdoors in areas with cold winter, has some features of cultivation.

The pit for planting and growing figs is square with a side of 60 cm and a depth of 70 cm. The inner walls of the pit must be covered with concrete. This is required to limit the growth of the roots of the plant. With their strong growth, figs stop bearing fruit. Fig roots can grow into the foundation of the house, destroy it and give rise to young shoots in the house and on the veranda. To the bottom landing pit a drainage layer 30 cm high is poured. Sand, humus and compost must be added to the mixture for planting and growing figs.

Large, strong fig roots can grow into the foundation of a house and destroy communications.

The horizontal cordon method involves planting plants in trenches 0.5 m wide and 1 m deep. The inner walls of the trench are covered with concrete. The bottom of the trench is covered with a drainage layer. The trench for growing figs is filled with planting mixture, not reaching the edge of 30 cm. The edges of the trench should be covered with small earthen ramparts to avoid freezing. Plants in a trench are planted on hillocks formed from planting mix, distance between plants - 3,5m. The trenches can be placed in parallel at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. The place for planting figs in this way should be well lit from all sides. Growing figs in a cold climate using the horizontal cordon method is very effective, allows you to get abundant harvests from small areas from figs and other exotic crops, it better protects heat-loving plants in open ground from the winter cold.

Figs are planted in open ground in early April. In the first year, it is necessary to install a temporary greenhouse over the seedlings. Care of seedlings in the spring consists in watering and fertilizing. At this time, watering is moderate, top dressing 2 weeks after planting with phosphate fertilizers that stimulate root growth.

Growing season: summer

Growing and caring for plants depends on the shape of the bush. The choice of formation depends on the latitude of the area. In the southern regions, high formation is applicable, in the temperate zone - low, in cold regions - a horizontal cordon.

In early June, the temporary shelter is removed. Plants planted in April are already well rooted and the active growth period begins. Caring for figs in the summer consists in abundant watering, top dressing, pruning of shoots and tinning of the near-trunk circle.

Top dressing of figs in early summer is carried out with nitrogen fertilizers that stimulate the growth of shoots and leaves.

Pruning is done when the seedling reaches a certain height. With a high formation, the seedling is cut at a height of 1.5 m, with a low formation, the height is 0.5 m. The removal of the growing point of the main shoot is done to control the height of the plant and to induce the growth of side shoots. Side shoots of a horizontal plant should begin to form in the second year. Before the autumn laying of the plant on the ground, the seedling is cut, leaving a stem 1-1.5 m long.

In the year of planting, figs do not bear fruit, their formation begins in the second year. The fruits ripen in late summer - early autumn. At this time, the plant needs to be fed with potash fertilizers.

Tinning of the near-trunk circle

Fig roots come close to the soil surface and need good aeration. To avoid damage to the roots when loosening the soil, it is recommended to tin the near-trunk area by thick planting of grass. Grass should be mowed constantly, leaving the mowed parts of the grass in place. Over time, a breathable layer is formed that protects the fig roots from drying out and excessive soil compaction. Trenches with figs are also recommended to be planted with grass.

Autumn: preparation for winter

Bushes cover in September. Before covering the plant, pruning of summer shoots is performed. Their upper part is removed, 3-4 buds are left to winter. It is not necessary to cut the shoots to a shorter length, the wood at the cut point loses moisture and the shoot dries out. All unripe berries are removed from plants that bear fruit in summer.

The cover material must be breathable. It is impossible to cover figs with polyethylene. vertical bushes wrapped with material and tightly tied with tape to make them compact. Then the bushes are bent to the ground. The ground around the bush is cleared of fallen leaves. The stem of the plant is slowly tilted, gradually, over 1-2 days, increasing the angle of inclination. The top of the plant is fixed with a load. The laid plant is covered with dry leaves, covered with a piece of breathable film and covered with earth.

Shelter for the winter of figs growing in the garden is a must!

Horizontal plants are laid in a trench for the winter. The stem of the plant that has grown over the summer is cut and bent to the ground. To avoid splitting the stem, a wooden cylinder of small length, 5-7 cm in diameter, is placed under its base. horizontal position the stem is fixed in the upper part and 2-3 times in the middle. This part of the plant will always be in a horizontal position and woody. Young shoots next year will grow vertically. After laying all the plants, the trench is covered with breathable material, dry leaves and covered with earth.

Bushes begin to open after wintering in early April. First, the earth and old leaves are removed, leaving the plants covered with a film. After 2 weeks, the film can be removed. Figs are unpretentious and tenacious, shoots and buds damaged during the winter are quickly restored.

Growing a crop in your garden is a hobby, positive emotions and a sweet treat. Fresh fruits of this plant are very useful, they are involved in many interesting recipes.