Decorative shrubs for summer cottages, photos and names - which ones to choose. We create a berry garden with fruit bushes: everything from seedlings to harvest and pruning Varieties of fruit trees and shrubs

By purchasing fruit trees and shrubs for a garden plot, its owner lays the foundation for truly strategic plantings. For many years to come, they determine the appearance of the territory adjacent to the house, and with proper care, they become the main source of fruit crops.

What fruit and berry crops are most often of interest to gardeners? How to arrange the plants you like on the site and find the right neighborhood for them?

Fruit trees and shrubs: photos and names of popular crops

Due to the length of the country, spread over several natural areas, it is almost impossible to designate a single list of trees and shrubs. And yet there are species for which gardeners are sure to try to find a suitable place. Photos and names of these fruit trees and shrubs are well known even to those who are far from gardening.

Among the fruit trees undisputed leaders are different varieties and maturity dates. Next come pears and the most common stone fruits: cherries and plums.

Fruit and berry bushes, found almost everywhere, include raspberries, different kinds currants, gooseberries. Today is actively gaining popularity:

• healing sea buckthorn;
• felt cherry;
• early .

Blackberries are moving into the orchard, more and more often on the plots you can find chokeberry, shadberry and other crops, which some time ago were perceived as secondary or planted only for landscaping.

The list of shrubs for the garden is much wider than the above list of trees. No wonder. A fruit garden exclusively from trees will give the first harvest no earlier than in 5–7 years, and shrubs are ready to please the gardener already in the second or third year after planting.

An additional advantage of shrubs is their relatively small size and less maintenance effort. However, no one will be able to replace a currant pear. Therefore, without trees, the garden will never be complete.

It is believed that in the northern regions, gardeners are limited in their choice by the harsh climate, but the farther south, the more diverse the population of garden plots.

Indeed, starting from the Central Black Earth region, it is not uncommon in the ranks of fruit and berry crops:

• apricot;
• cherry plum;
• various types of nuts;
• sweet cherry and its hybrid with cherry.

The list of shrubs is replenished with yoshta, dogwood and perennial fruit-bearing vines.

But if until recently gardeners middle lane and more northern regions were forced to be content with a very modest list of fruit and berry crops, today the situation is changing radically.

Nurseries have long and successfully offered fruit trees and shrubs for the Moscow region that were not previously available in the Non-Black Earth Region. The boundaries of the distribution of southern crops have seriously shifted to the north, not only due to climate change, but also due to the directed work of breeders.

It is on this bait that few come across experienced gardeners who wish, by all means, in a limited area to receive " Garden of Eden". You can understand them! But it is not enough to purchase seedlings, it is important to plant and grow them correctly, taking into account all the needs of plants and the characteristics of the territory.

Rules for the placement of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden

Young seedlings planted in the garden grow year after year. A few years later, when the time comes for fruiting, the crowns grow by 1.5–2 meters. And mature trees take up even more space.

It is not enough to choose the most winter-hardy, productive varieties; it is necessary to accurately plan the future orchard.

It is better to do this on a piece of paper, based on measurements of the distances from the landing zone to the nearest buildings, roads, fences of neighboring properties. When planting fruit trees and shrubs in a garden plot, it is necessary to take into account not only the aesthetic preferences of the owner, but also the mandatory norms. They regulate the distances from large plants to residential and outbuildings, transport routes, communications and the boundary line passing between the sections.

So, for example, from an apple or pear tree to a residential building or garage there should be at least 3.5–4 meters. This distance is explained by the safety of the operation of the building and the need for constant care of a large garden culture. For shrubs, the distance is less and is one and a half meters, which makes it possible:

• unhindered maintenance of walls, windows and other structures and communications;
• do not be afraid of excessive moisture in close contact with vegetation;
• take care of fruit and berry crops, harvest, cut and replant them.

In addition to the mandatory, common sense and safety restrictions, there are other rules that should be considered when planning an orchard.

It is extremely important to adhere to the distances between the seedlings in the rows, and also take into account deadline growing a particular crop in one place.

Useful and harmful neighborhood of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden

Of considerable importance for the future of planting is knowledge of the needs of individual plant species and their characteristics:

1. Some cultures prefer to grow in the sun, others easily adapt to the shade.
2. For some fruit trees and shrubs in the garden plot, an open, windswept place is suitable, and the other will have to find shelter.
3. The demands of plants for fertility and watering vary.

It is unlikely that on a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site it will be possible to satisfy all the needs of green pets. In a small country garden inevitably, some shrubs end up under the crowns of growing trees. So that such a neighborhood does not affect the yield, the meta for planting shade-loving fruit trees and shrubs in the garden is determined in advance.

Such crops include blackcurrant, honeysuckle, undersized, berry bushes, for example, cranberries, blueberries and lingonberries. If the shady corner of the garden is well ventilated, the viburnum will settle in well here. Blackberries and raspberries are grown in partial shade.

Gardeners have long noticed that even in comfortable conditions garden plants sometimes refuse to bear fruit at full strength, look oppressed and do not grow well. It turns out that the reason for this behavior is an incorrectly chosen neighborhood. As in nature, in orchard trees, shrubs and herbaceous crops form tight communities. The given options for a successful and dangerous neighborhood of fruit trees and shrubs in the table will help create best conditions for each species and get the most out of it.

You can arrange plantings so that closely related plants are nearby. Such a solution will be extremely useful, for example, for cherries and petioles, many varieties of which are self-fertile, and they need a pollinator to produce a crop. A similar picture is observed in the cultivation of sea buckthorn. True, here for several female plants there must be one male bush.

In addition, for sea buckthorn, which readily reproduces by root layers, blackberries and raspberries, it is better to find a place away from the rest of the garden plantings, otherwise the powerful shoots of these crops will master half of the garden in a year.

Fruit trees and berry bushes - video

If you are the owner of a summer house or a large private house, then for sure you were faced with the question of which trees to plant in the garden. Then this article is just for you. Today we will give you an overview of the most popular garden trees and shrubs, as well as give you tips on how to care for them. So, let's start with the most sought-after representatives of the flora.

Classification of garden trees and shrubs

Before planting a plot with certain garden plants, it is worth identifying their purpose. Traditionally there are two types:

1. Garden fruit trees and shrubs.
2. Garden ornamental trees and shrubs.

If you plan to use the site for harvesting, then you should opt for the first type. And the second type is suitable for those for whom the garden is a place to relax and admire nature. The following sections will take a closer look at each type of garden plant.

Fruit trees and shrubs

So, you have decided to use all the resources of the site to get a rich and tasty harvest. Then this section is for you. Let's start with a list of the most popular garden trees:

• Apple tree. In almost every site you can find at least a couple of such fruit trees. And in order to enjoy the fruits practically all year round, plant 3 varieties of apple trees - winter, summer and autumn.
• Pear. Juicy ripe fruits of this tree must be on your site. After all, these fruits are a storehouse of essential vitamins.
• Cherry and sweet cherry. Thanks to short term ripening and juicy fleshy berries are the favorite crops in our country.
• Peaches and apricots. Especially favorite trees in the southern regions of our country. Incredibly tasty jam, compotes and liqueurs - all this can be prepared from juicy and ripe fruits.
• Plum. Traditional culture in any area. A berry from which you can make jam or prepare it for the winter in the form of dried fruits.

Fruit bushes are just as necessary on the site as trees. Be sure to place red, black and white currants. After all, you can use not only their berries, but also fragrant leaves rich in vitamin C. Gooseberries, raspberries and barberries are also popular among gardeners in almost any region. A little less often you can meet bushes of shadberry, dogwood and honeysuckle.

Combination of fruit plants

Planting a garden with fruit crops should be treated with special responsibility. After all, it is important not only to choose a variety of certain trees, as well as shrubs, but also to take into account their comfortable placement on the site. Very often, inexperienced gardeners, wanting to plant the land with a large number of crops, do not care at all about their combination with each other. But not only the quantity and quality of the harvested crop, but also the health of garden trees in general, directly depends on the rational planting of garden trees.

A special remark can be made about the walnut tree. If the climate of your region allows you to grow this plant, then be prepared for the fact that it is necessary to allocate quite a bit for it. large plot. Due to the high content of tannins in its leaves, the soil at 18-20 m around becomes unsuitable for growing any other trees and shrubs.

Not the best neighbors will be apricots with cherries, as well as peaches with cherries. Despite the similarity of cultures among themselves, such trees should not be planted at a close distance from each other. Also, cherries do not tolerate the proximity of pears and apples.

Raspberry bushes should be planted away from apple and pear trees. Hawthorn bushes do not tolerate neighborhood with cherries.

Quite a capricious pear. In addition to cherries, it also does not coexist with cherry plums, barberry bushes and raspberries.

Caring for fruit trees and shrubs

Like any fruit-bearing crop, trees and shrubs require timely and proper care. One of the most important roles in this is the pruning of garden trees. It is thanks to her that it is possible not only to maintain the proper appearance of the plant, but also to extend its fruiting period. By carefully removing excess branches, you can achieve the appearance of gaps that will allow the sun's rays to cover large quantity fruitful shoots. And this means that you will have an increased chance of getting a rich and healthy harvest.

Removal of old plants

Sometimes, when purchasing a site, you can find old, dried trees and stumps on it. In this case, it is necessary to make a complete release of the site by sawing garden trees and uprooting stumps. Today, there are many organizations that can make your work easier. But if you want, you can clean your site yourself.

How to do it? There are no special requirements for cleaning the site from unsuitable plants. It is necessary to cut down an old tree as low as possible - this will make it easier to remove the stump. And this is simply necessary. It is imperative to remove stumps, as they are an excellent breeding ground for fungal diseases and pests.

Diseases of garden trees

Fruit trees are quite susceptible to various diseases. In this section, we will show you how to recognize these diseases and give you tips on how to deal with them.

• Rust. It appears as numerous brownish or brown spots on the leaves and contributes to their early fall. You can fight this disease by immediately removing the infected areas.
• Cystosporosis. With this disease, small wounds form on the tree, from which a gum-like resin oozes. This is dangerous because other diseases develop very quickly in such places. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the affected branches in a timely manner and close the damage with garden pitch.
• Scab. Common fungal disease that affects both young shoots and ripened fruits. You can recognize this disease by greenish-brown spots that appear on the leaves and on the fruits. Fighting scab is quite simple: carefully dig the ground around a tree or bush, and also burn the foliage in the autumn.
• Powdery mildew. It is characterized by a white powdery coating on shoots, leaves and fruits. There are other signs as well. With the progression of the disease, the growth of the shoots stops, the leaves dry out and fall off. To fight powdery mildew spraying with boiling water or a solution of soda ash.
• Anthracnose. Most often, the disease manifests itself in high humidity and looks like brownish sores on stems and leaves. Progressing, the disease causes the leaves of garden trees to curl and fall off. The main method of combating the disease is the timely detection and immediate destruction of infected parts of the plant.

Ornamental trees and shrubs

To create a harmonious view of the territory of your garden, it is best to seek help from a specialist in this matter - a landscape designer. It is he who will tell you the optimal combination of certain trees and shrubs that is suitable for your site. In general, planting ornamental plants comes down to emphasizing the relief of the territory and creating compositions that emphasize all the advantages of the garden.

Features of planting ornamental plants

The main principle of landscape design is planting according to the principle of tiering. This means that you should not randomly mix trees and shrubs, but plant them according to the height of the plants: from low to high or vice versa. Be sure to take into account the light and shade of the plant. Also, when creating a composition, it is necessary to pay attention to the seasonality of trees and shrubs. That is, each compositional group should perform decorative functions throughout the season.

Popular ornamental trees and shrubs for the garden

Every year the range of these plants is growing incredibly fast. We will give a list of the most popular and least whimsical trees and shrubs to care for, with which you can decorate your garden plot.

Conclusion

Today we introduced you to the most popular fruit and ornamental garden trees and shrubs, and also told how to combine them correctly. They shared information about planting and caring for seedlings, as well as the features of removing old and unsuitable plants.

In the hands of caring gardeners, berry bushes can become a real decoration of the site. Lovingly grown fruits will delight you with a delicious harvest throughout the season.

The arrangement of the garden plot is not complete without fruit and berry bushes and trees. In a garden with a beautiful landscape design, there should be a place for a berry bush: raspberries, gooseberries, currants, sea buckthorn, honeysuckle, blackberries, blueberries, shadberries. We offer you an overview of the most popular shrubs.

Raspberry

Surely you have heard about the wonderful. It is hard to imagine that raspberry bushes used to grow exclusively in forests. And only a few centuries later they began to breed it on garden plots. Raspberries have many advantages, in the garden it is simply necessary. Shrubs, depending on the variety, have red berries, yellow and purple-black are less common.

Varieties of raspberries

• Traditional varieties of early, medium and late ripening. Adapt to any conditions. The disadvantage is low productivity.
• Large-fruited are considered high-yielding. Allow to grow berries weighing up to 12 grams each.
• The most popular are remontants. Fruiting begins in the first year.

Features of care

Berry shrub requires regular watering, loosening and. Landing is done in spring or autumn. For the winter, the soil around the bush is insulated. In the spring, it is necessary to trim and garter. All of the above measures will be useless if you do not protect the bush from diseases.

Harvest with gloves, as the bushes of many varieties have thorns on the branches.

Gooseberry

The gooseberry is often called northern grapes or Russian cherry plum. Unpretentious culture gives good harvests. Bushes feel great in lighted areas. Afraid of shade and waterlogging. You can find gooseberries in almost all regions. Bushes begin to bear fruit from the third year. Berries can be green, yellow or red-brown. There are at least 1500 varieties

Unlike currants, gooseberries are not afraid of drought.

gooseberry varieties

• European varieties - praised for their high palatability. The disadvantage is instability to disease and frost.
• American - not afraid of drought, give a good harvest. The size of the berries are inferior to European varieties.
• Hybrid - combine all the best. In garden plots are considered the most common.

Features of care

Gooseberries do not tolerate acidic soils, it is recommended to add garden compost, lime to the planting trench. Bushes are planted in September. At spring planting the plant may die. Old and dry branches must be pruned. Harvest gooseberries as they ripen. Because of the thorns on the branches, it is best to do this with gloves.

Blackberry

In the garden, blackberries are grown relatively recently, before it could only be found in wild nature.

In terms of taste, it surpassed raspberries. A shrub with a perennial rhizome was not in demand because of the sharp thorns. However, thanks to the breeders appeared. It has an external resemblance to a black raspberry. Tastes sour.

Blackberry varieties

• upright blackberry- is considered the most common. Bushes give a good harvest and save space on the site.
• Semi-creeping varieties are extremely rare. Experienced gardeners recommend planting this variety.
• Repair blackberry - allows you to harvest 2 crops per season: June, August.

Features of care

Gives a rich harvest on well-fed land. In straight-growing varieties, it is necessary to tie up young stems. Blackberries are planted in a trench strictly along the line, otherwise care may be difficult. During the fruiting period, the bushes need to be watered abundantly.

Honeysuckle

Edible varieties of honeysuckle are popularly called "rejuvenating berries". The name appeared not by chance, since the berries contain the element of youth - selenium. Shrubs bloom beautifully, so they are often used in decorative purposes. However, to a greater extent, the berry is valued as a useful storehouse of vitamins.

Ripens in mid-May. The berry has a slightly bitter specific taste.

Varieties of honeysuckle

• Long-fruited honeysuckle - medium-sized bushes are distinguished by a cylindrical shape of berries.
• Hybrid varieties - bred by breeders by crossing varieties of berries.
• Mid-late varieties - allow you to harvest honeysuckle until late autumn.

Features of care

Bushes do not tolerate shade well. When choosing a landing site, it is better to give preference to sunny places. Suitable for planting, both in autumn and spring. In the spring, this must be done before the start of the growing season. Honeysuckle grows slowly so that the bush takes root and bears fruit well, it is fed.

Bushes aged 6-8 years require sanitary pruning. Dead branches must be removed. Young shoots do not need to be pruned.

Currant

Perennial currant shrubs can be found in garden plots and forest plantations. Berries are famous for their taste and useful properties. Unpretentious care bushes allow you to collect rich harvests. It is almost impossible to choose one single variety for the site. The best option will be the cultivation of several species at once. Seedlings adequately overcome the harsh natural disasters in a cold winter.

Varieties of currant

• Blackcurrant of early, medium and late ripening. Large-fruited varieties are considered the most popular.
• Red currant - differs in more weighty clusters. Bushes can grow without transplanting up to 20 years.
• White currant - the variety is not inferior to red in taste and benefits.
• Hybrid varieties - bred by breeding varieties of gooseberries and currants.

Features of care

Yields well in well-drained soil. Cannot be planted in an acidic environment. During the growing season loosening of the soil is required. Do not allow the soil to dry out; in dry weather, it is necessary to provide watering.

In autumn, you need to rejuvenate the bushes by trimming outdated branches.

Blueberry

In many regions, it is considered a rare growing berry. More often it can be found in the wild. Among gardeners, there is a growing interest in growing promising varieties on their plots. Thanks to proper care you can have a good harvest of useful berries.

Blueberries look like blueberries.

Varieties of blueberries

• Tall varieties - feel good as a hedge. Their bushes are branched, the berries are intense, blue or blue color.
• Low-growing blueberry - blooms luxuriantly in spring, pleases with excellent yields and neat bushes.
• Southern varieties - were eaten out by hybridization for growing in arid climates.

Features of care

At home, it is better to grow not wild, but more adapted cultivated varieties. Bushes take root well, regardless of the method of planting by seeds or by dividing the bush. Pruning is carried out on adult bushes, starting from 5-6 years of plant life.

Blueberries are very whimsical to the soil, it needs to create fertile conditions.

Sea ​​buckthorn

Sea buckthorn bushes can be found near water bodies, which is why they are often called "sea thorn". Experienced gardeners manage to successfully grow it on their plots. The use of berries is very wide, they are mainly used in medicinal purposes. Sea buckthorn oil is considered especially valuable.

Sea buckthorn varieties

• Early, middle and late ripening - garden varieties sea ​​buckthorn.
• Botanical grade - practically has no thorns.
• Large-fruited varieties - sweeter in taste, do not have thorns.

Features of care

The bush will bear fruit if a female and male specimen of sea buckthorn is planted nearby. For the winter, it requires shelter of the soil; it does not tolerate severe frosts very well. Pruning is carried out in the spring. A bush aged 8-12 years requires rejuvenation under the stump. Watering the plant is not necessary, except in drought.

Irga

A beautiful plant is often used as an ornamental shrub. And only a few know how useful berries grow on it. Having once tasted the berries of the irgi, the gardener will definitely want to plant a bush in his area. The plant is not only useful, but also winter-hardy, withstands harsh weather conditions.

The taste of irgi berries is somewhat reminiscent of cherries.

Varieties of irgi

• Alder-leaved irga is a shrub that blooms profusely in spring. Leaves turn in autumn bright color. From a plant you can get up to 10 kg of berries.
• Canadian Irga - high tree shrub. The berries are fleshy and pleasant in taste.
• Irga blood-red is a slender, medium-sized shrub. The berries are very juicy, with a thin delicate skin.

Features of care

It is considered an unpretentious plant, practically does not require care. Shrubs love abundant watering, especially during the growing season.

The first 2-3 years, it is necessary to form a bush by cutting. At a later age, the plant is rejuvenated.

Berries attract birds, the harvest must be harvested in a timely manner as they ripen.

By planting several varieties of shrubs, you can diversify the range of fruit seedlings in the garden. Regarding the choice of plants, it is so large that it will not be possible to advise something with confidence. Species and varieties must be selected taking into account the individual characteristics of plants.

In this article, we will get acquainted with the names of these and the rules for caring for them.

This is a shrub that has been grown in our country relatively recently. There are only two cultivated species. These include garden honeysuckle (also known as blue honeysuckle. Of course, you can find others, but they are all derived from only these two species.

Description

Honeysuckle edible- This is a spherical shrub, the height of which reaches one and a half meters. Thin young shoots have a purple color. Old branches, up to 30 mm thick, have a bark with a dark yellow tint, leaves reach a length of 70 mm. It blooms, as a rule, in late May with light yellow flowers. The length of honeysuckle fruit ranges from 10 mm to 13 mm. The skin on the berries is blue with a light bluish bloom, and the flesh is bright red.

It can reach a height of 2.5 m, has straight shoots with a slight bend. The bark of this plant is brown with a reddish or grayish tint. Leaves up to 60 mm long. The berries are oblong in shape. In all other respects, it is very similar to garden honeysuckle.

Care rules

Pruning of a young berry bush is carried out three years after planting, but an adult plant does not need any serious pruning. You should only remove dry or damaged twigs and shoots that are growing out of the ground.

Honeysuckle needs moderate watering, the bush should be watered abundantly in spring and early summer, but only under the condition of drought in order to avoid the bitterness of the berries. If it rained periodically throughout the season, then you will have to water the honeysuckle only 3 or 4 times. After each watering or rain, it is imperative to loosen the soil to a depth of no more than 8 cm.

This is a very low dense shrub that easily tolerates winter frosts. In its natural environment, it can be found in a mixed or coniferous forest, because, as it prefers acidic soil. Blueberries love shade, so plant them under trees or other shady areas.

Description

Blueberry is a perennial undersized plant from the heather family, the height of the bush does not exceed 35 cm. The root is long, but spreads in breadth. The leaves are smooth, up to 30 mm long, green, slightly covered with hairs. It begins to bloom in May with whitish-pink flowers. Blueberries are very similar to honeysuckle fruits, differing only in their spherical shape and size.

Care rules

Regular pruning of blueberries begins at the age of 3, as always, dry and damaged branches are pruned. Many sources indicate that there should be about 8 branches on the bush, which are the basis of the bush. If a large number of side shoots appear on blueberries, they must be removed completely, since the berries on such branches are very small and ripen for a long time. Bushes that are more than 10 years old should be cut 20 cm from the ground, this procedure rejuvenates the plant and increases the yield.

Blueberries need frequent but moderate watering. Excess moisture leads to root rot.

One of the most common berry crops in our country. It is consumed both in its raw form, and jam, compote, and various liquors are prepared from it. It is also widely used in medicine for medicinal and vitamin preparations.

Did you know?Currant appeared in Kievan Rus back in the 9th century, and then migrated to European countries.

Description

Currant is perennial of the gooseberry family, whose height reaches two meters. Young shoots are a light green shade, over time they darken and turn brown. Currant has a deep root system, which goes underground for more than half a meter. The diameter of the leaves varies from 4 cm to 12 cm. The currant begins to bear fruit two years after planting. Blooms with pale yellow flowers. The berries ripen in July and August, and depending on the variety they have different colour and size.

Care rules

For currants, a sunny place is most suitable, the soil should not be acidic, well drained.

After winter, you should carefully examine all the branches of the plant, damaged buds should be removed if on the branch most of kidneys are affected, then you need to remove the entire branch.

As for watering, under the condition of a snowy winter, watering is carried out infrequently in spring, since the soil will be very wet after the snow melts. If it was not there, then the currants should be watered as the soil dries. In summer, especially during the formation of berries, currants should be watered every 5-6 days at the rate of 2 buckets per plant. Water should be poured only under a bush, experienced gardeners advise digging a groove around the bush about 10 cm deep and 80 cm in diameter. After each watering, the soil is loosened. Also, between waterings, it is recommended to feed the bushes with a small amount. If the autumn was dry, then it should be watered before wintering so that there is enough moisture until the end of the cold weather.

Under favorable conditions, it can live for more than two decades, but there have been cases when it has grown for 40 years or more, while giving a rich harvest.

Description

This is a perennial self-pollinating shrub, the height of which reaches one and a half meters. The trunk is covered with brownish bark with spines. Gooseberry leaves are pale green, up to 60 mm long. It blooms most often in May, the flowers are red or green. Berries are very rich in vitamins and useful material, have an oval shape, are covered with bristles, and their length is 1.5 cm, but there are bred varieties in which the length of the berries reaches 4 cm.

In early May, you should loosen the soil around the bush, it is recommended to dig a groove about 80-90 cm. If desired, you can carry out straw and top dressing organic fertilizers.

Gooseberries are very demanding on watering, special attention should be paid during flowering and fruit ripening. The watering procedure is similar to watering currants.

Pruning is carried out in the fall, as spring pruning the plant can be severely damaged.

It's forest berry bush, its berries look like a mixture and it would be most common to meet it in the forest, but not so long ago the blackberry was domesticated, many adapted to certain climatic conditions have already been bred.

Description

Blackberry is perennial shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family. Under certain conditions, it can reach a height of up to two meters. Its straight, long branches have brownish-gray bark covered with sharp thorns, but hybrids can be found without them.

Did you know?Blackberries were brought to Europe in the 18th century from North America.

Care rules

Only planted blackberries should be watered as often as possible for 45 days. Old bushes also need frequent watering, especially during the drought period. Most of all, settled rainwater is suitable for irrigation. running water it is better to grind into a barrel or other vessel, let it stand for several days.

Pruning is carried out every autumn or spring. First of all, dry and drying branches are cut off, and then branches that have already bear fruit are subject to mandatory pruning.

Lingonberries are berries and leaves of which are valued by most people for the huge amount of vitamins they contain and useful elements. It has proven itself in folk medicine due to its beneficial properties. Lingonberries are widely distributed in wild forests, planted areas near fields, parks and summer cottages.

Description

Cowberry belongs to the Cowberry family. In height, such a shrub reaches only half a meter. The leaves of this shrub are dark green and very dense. Flowering begins in late May or early June pink flowers. Its berries do not exceed 1 cm in diameter, grow in clusters, ripen at the end of summer and are endowed with a bright, red color.

Care rules

Pruning of lingonberries is usually carried out only for decorative purposes, in order to thin out the bush, since it grows very densely. and organic fertilizers can be applied at any time from flowering to harvest. Cowberry hygrophilous plant, therefore needs frequent watering. During a drought, gardeners are advised to create the effect of rain. Very important for this plant is frequent loosening and removal

Beautiful, convenient and practical - such properties are quite difficult to combine in one object, especially if this object is a plant. And it is especially difficult to find such plants for small garden, for example, six hundred. But they are! ornamental shrubs with edible, tasty and healthy fruits are unpretentious, do not require special attention, grow well and bear fruit in central Russia, and some of them in more northern regions. Choose what you like!

The most unpretentious

Irga is often used in ornamental gardening. As a fruit plant, this is a real find for busy gardeners who do not have the opportunity to care for capricious crops, but still want fresh fruits. Even with minimal care, irga will provide you with sweet berries that can be eaten fresh, frozen, dried or made into jam or compote. In addition, they are useful: they contain about the same amount of vitamin C as plums, as well as significant doses of B vitamins. The fruits contain substances that help prevent myocardial infarction and vascular diseases. In addition, fresh irga works as a mild sedative.

What does it look like?

Irga round-leaved is a dense tall shrub up to 4-6 m high. If you graft it onto a red mountain ash, you get a tree on a trunk. The leaves are oval or rounded, turning reddish-yellow in autumn. The flowers are small, white or slightly creamy, collected in racemes like bird cherry blossoms, bloom in May. Small (diameter 8-10 mm) apple-fruits when ripe become almost black with a bluish bloom. Ripen in July.

Agricultural technology

Irga is so unpretentious that it can grow on its own without any problems. It is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, undemanding to soil conditions, but prefers fertile, neutral or slightly alkaline soils. Grows well in both sun and partial shade. Requires virtually no maintenance and specific pruning. It is very rarely damaged by pests and diseases - sometimes it is attacked by a leafworm and hawthorn.

Fruiting plants respond well to top dressing (early spring or autumn) with organic fertilizers: manure humus with the addition of superphosphate or ash, infusion bird droppings etc. Adult bushes are thinned out from time to time, leaving no more than 10-15 trunks in each.

Irgu is most convenient to grow from root offspring. They are dug up in the spring and immediately planted in a permanent place. After planting, the aerial part is cut off, leaving only stumps no more than 5 cm. As a result, the plant directs all its forces to rooting, which has a positive effect on survival.

Varieties

In our country, there are selected forms of shadberry with large fruits, very good taste, not inferior to imported varieties of a related species - Canadian shadberry, as well as the Krasnoyarskaya variety (winter-hardy and productive, late ripening, fruits above average size, bush height - up to 4 m).

In the wild, irga grows in North America, East China, Korea and Japan, North Africa, Central and Southern Europe. Of its 25 species, most are found in North America, and only one is common in our country - round-leaved shadberry (Amelanchier rotundifolia). Irga was introduced into the culture in the 16th century in Europe. And the first industrial plantations appeared in the second half of the 19th century in the United States. These were the largest-fruited forms selected from wild plants. In our time, the Russians also fell in love with the irga, who grow it almost throughout territory of Russia,- True, mostly in amateur gardens.

The most golden

The golden currant is very beautiful during flowering - after all, its flowers are much larger than those of its black or red relatives, and are brightly colored in golden yellow. In autumn, its foliage turns first orange-red, and then crimson-carmine color. This currant is no less valuable and how berry culture. Its fragrant fruits are distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances (vitamins C, E, P, carotene, pectins, organic acids). They also contain iodine and other trace elements. Berries are sweeter than blackcurrants. They are suitable for consumption in fresh and for processing into jams, jams, compotes, wine, for drying and freezing.

Golden currant. Photo: Anna Solovieva

What does it look like?

Golden currant is a deciduous shrub up to 2-2.5 m high. The leaves resemble gooseberry leaves. The flowers are golden, fragrant, collected in racemes 3-7 cm long. The berries are black or purple-brown with a diameter of 6-8 mm. Golden currant blooms in May for 15-20 days, bears fruit in July.

Agricultural technology

Golden currant is distinguished by an increased ability to withstand many vicissitudes environment. It endures winter troubles, drought and heat. The leaves can withstand temperatures up to 40 ° C without burns, and late flowering avoids damage to flowers and ovaries by recurrent spring frosts. Golden currant is resistant to pests and diseases and has a good yield. This currant requires almost no care, with the exception of pruning, which is done according to the same principle as the black currant. It is advisable to have several different varieties in the garden - single plants are self-fertile and may be left without berries.

Varieties

The most famous are Venus (black berries), Laysan (yellowish berries), Shafak (dark red berries), as well as new varieties of golden currants created at the M. A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia (Barnaul): Gift to Ariadne, Siberian Sun, Barnaulskaya, Levushka, Valentina, Ida, Gift of Altai. Golden currant can be propagated by green and lignified cuttings, dividing the bush, root shoots and even seeds (not varietal).

This culture originates from wild currant golden (Ribes aureum), growing in the western part of North America. In culture since the beginning of the nineteenth century. In Russia, I. V. Michurin was the first to pay attention to it, who, from sowing the seeds of the American variety Krandal, bred several varieties, including the Krandal seedling, which became one of the founders of modern varieties. In 1930–1940, golden currant, as an undemanding to soil conditions and drought-resistant plant, began to be included in the list of crops for shelterbelts in the steppe regions of the USSR. Then it spread in the southern regions of Russia already as a berry plant.

The most versatile

Black elderberry is used as an ornamental, medicinal, melliferous and fruit plant. In ancient times, it was believed that she heals a person and prolongs his life, and for this she was called sacred tree. Ripe fruits black elderberry palatable, contain vitamins C and E, carotene, tannins, glycosides, anthocyanins, essential oils and other biologically valuable substances. They are eaten both fresh and processed. They make jam, jam, marmalade and various drinks. The sap is used to color foods and wines, and the flowers are used in medicine. By mixing one part of dried black elderberry flowers with three parts of ordinary tea, an aromatic medicinal tea is obtained.

Elder. Photo: Shutterstock.com / Rashid Valitov

What does it look like?

Black elderberry is a deciduous shrub or small tree up to 7 m high. Its leaves look like the well-known red elderberry. yellowish white small flowers collected in lush inflorescences, "clouds", located at the ends of annual branches. They have a pleasant aroma. Fruits - up to 7 mm in diameter, often round, shiny, juicy, fragrant, edible. Elderberry blossoms in May-June, fruits ripen in August-September.

Agricultural technology

Black elderberry is one of the most unpretentious plants, but it grows and develops better on fertile and moderately moist soils. Grows fast. Shade-tolerant, heat-loving - it does not occur in nature north of the forest-steppe zone, but it tolerates dry air well and is practically not affected by diseases and pests (sometimes the tops of the shoots can be populated by aphids, less often - spider mite). Easily propagated by seeds (they must be sown immediately after harvest due to the rapid loss of germination), root offspring, layering and cuttings. You can plant elderberry both in spring and autumn.

Varieties

Of the decorative black elderberry, varieties with an interesting crown shape are known: Pyramidalis (columnar), Pendula (weeping), Nana (in the form of a ball). There are varieties with unusual leaves - golden (Aureo-variegata, Aurea) or very delicate (Laciniata). Known varieties of black elderberry, created in the United States and in Western Europe: Hidden Springs, Johns, Kent, Nova, Scotia, Victoria, York and others.

Photo: Shutterstock.com / Ralf Neumann

Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) as fruit crop introduced into culture 100 years ago in the United States, and then in Western Europe, especially in Germany, Austria, Holland. In Russia, it is known more as a decorative and medicinal plant.

The brightest

The bright fruits of the common dogwood are tasty and healthy. The biologically active components included in their composition normalize blood pressure prevent sclerosis. Dogwood is useful as a tonic and anti-inflammatory agent, it is useful in diseases gastrointestinal tract. In folk medicine, it is used for metabolic disorders, joint pain, skin diseases, anemia. Dogwood fruits are used raw, for making jams, compotes, marmalade, juices and sauces. As an ornamental plant, dogwood is especially effective during flowering and at the time of fruiting.

Dogwood. Photo: Dmitry Bryksin

What does it look like?

Common dogwood, or male dogwood, is a shrub or small tree up to 5 m high. It blooms early, before the leaves bloom (in April). The flowers are small, yellow, collected in umbellate inflorescences. Fruits are oval or pear-shaped, juicy, 1-3 cm long, with an oblong stone, ripen in August - September. They taste sweet and sour, slightly astringent. By the way, the color of dogwood is not always red - there are forms with pink, yellow and black berries.

Agricultural technology

Dogwood is a drought-resistant, shade-tolerant and rather frost-resistant plant (many specimens grow normally in the Central region). It is undemanding to soils, but it reaches the best development on fertile clayey, moderately moist, lime-containing soil. Forms a powerful, but shallow root system.

It is necessary to plant at least two dogwood plants of different varieties on a personal plot - only in this case you can count on a harvest. Dogwood is extremely sensitive to fertilization. Therefore, when planting in a pit, neither manure, nor humus, nor mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the culture loves calcium, so lime is added. The pits are made small, no deeper than two bayonets of a shovel, and the roots are covered with fertile soil. Dogwood does not need special pruning; when leaving, only broken, intertwining and thickening branches are removed. The plant is quite resistant to pests and diseases. The soil under the dogwood cannot be deeply loosened - it is cultivated no deeper than 2-5 cm.

In country conditions, dogwood is most rationally propagated by green cuttings or grafting.

Photo: Dmitry Bryksin

Varieties

For the southern regions, there are many fruit varieties of this crop. In Central Russia, the Bulgarian pear-shaped and Coral varieties feel good. Their fruits are large, tasty and numerous. Of the decorative forms, Aurea dogwoods are most famous - with yellow leaves, Macrocarpa - with large fruits, Flava - with yellow fruits, Pyramidalis - with a pyramidal crown and many others.

Bright red dogwood fruits, tasty and healthy, are well known to the inhabitants of the southern regions of our country, the Crimea and the Caucasus, Southern Europe and Asia Minor, where this wonderful plant, one of the most ancient used by man for food, mainly grows. old legend says that Romulus, the founder of Rome, outlined the boundaries of the future city with his spear, and then stuck it into the ground - and the shaft of the spear took root and bloomed. This is how the first dogwood tree appeared. In fact, dogwood is much older - even in the Stone Age, primitive people appreciated its fruits and actively collected them. Interestingly, the correct, botanical, name of the plant is male deren (Cornus mas). This is the only species from the genus Deren that has edible fruits.

The most healing

Schisandra chinensis is widely used in ornamental gardening for vertical gardening and decorating walls, arbors and other buildings, as well as a berry crop and a medicinal plant. Fruit juice is added to compotes, jelly and syrups. Dry ground fruits or seeds of lemongrass are used for fatigue and stress, but only as directed by a doctor. Brewed from leaves and bark fragrant tea, which has a tonic effect, which may well replace natural coffee.

Lemongrass. Photo: Elena Kozhina

What does it look like?

Lemongrass is a climbing deciduous vine. The plant is very powerful - it can climb to a height of 4-5 and even 10 m. In autumn, the leaves turn into ocher-yellow or yellow-orange tones. The flowers are white, waxy, up to 2 cm in diameter, fragrant, located in the axil of the leaf, 3-5 pieces. From one flower, a whole "brush" is obtained, sometimes up to 10 cm long, consisting of round red two-seeded berries. The pulp of the berries is juicy, very sour, with the smell of lemon, edible, but not for everyone.

Agricultural technology

Best of all, lemongrass grows on rich, moderately moist and well-drained soils, in partial shade and in places protected from the wind. Suitable for planting 2-3-year-old seedlings. Important feature lemongrass - the need for a support along which it rises. Without support, plants will give a lot of root shoots and spread along the ground, and in such cases there is no need to talk about flowering and fruiting. Caring for lemongrass comes down to removing old branches and shortening or pinching too long shoots up to 10-12 buds, watering and fertilizing with mineral (spring and autumn) and organic (after flowering) fertilizers.

In country conditions, lemongrass is easiest to propagate by root offspring.

Varieties

There are several selected varieties of Schisandra chinensis. There are 4 varieties of lemongrass in the State Register: Volgar, Debut, Myth, Pervenets.

This unusually beautiful and useful liana came to the gardens of central Russia from the forests Far East. Schisandra chinensis (Schizandra chinensis) - this is its botanical name - in its value is in second place after the famous root of life - ginseng. Even in ancient oriental medicine, it was valued as a valuable medicinal plant that gives vigor to a person and prolongs youth. And lemongrass is also called the fruit of five tastes, since the pulp of the fruit is sour, the skin is sweet, when the fruit is chewed, a bitter and pungent taste is felt, and the infusion from the seeds is salty. Lemongrass is also called the plant because of the pleasant lemon aroma, which many of its parts are fragrant - bark, leaves, flowers and fruits. The genus Lemongrass has 14 species distributed in Japan and China. Only one of them grows on the territory of our country - Chinese magnolia vine.

The most vitamin

Actinidia kolomikta is a relative of a tropical plant known to us from the kiwi fruits that are sold in stores. But if kiwi can only grow in the tropics and subtropics, then actinidia kolomikta is a real northerner that can withstand frosts down to -40 ° C in winter. It is suitable for vertical gardening and at the same time serves as a berry plant.

What does it look like?

This plant is considered both decorative and berry at the same time, and its fruits are very tasty and healthy. Actinidia kolomikta is one of 36 species of the genus. All actinidia are perennial woody vines that can climb on a support to a height of up to 15 m. The stems and branches are thin, smooth, dark brown in color. The leaves are large wrinkled, changing color: at the beginning of growth they are bronze, then green, before flowering (in open places) a bright white color appears at the ends of the leaves, after flowering - pink or raspberry-red, and then they turn green again. In autumn, the leaves turn yellow. Flowers solitary, white, up to 1.5 cm in diameter, collected in 3-5, fragrant. The fruits are oval or cylindrical, up to 3.5 cm long, green, unlike kiwi, they are smooth, not hairy, fragrant, with a delicate sweet taste. The fruits do not ripen at the same time and fall off easily.

Actinidia. Photo: Elena Popleva

Agricultural technology

Actinidia kolomikta - dioecious plant: it exists in the form of female and male specimens. To get the fruits, you need to plant both: for 3-4 women, one “cavalier” is enough. Actinidia kolomikta is winter-hardy and shade-tolerant, practically undamaged by pests and diseases, prefers rich, moist, well-drained soils, suffers from soil and air drought, as well as from late spring frosts. Needs a strong vertical support. In favorable conditions, lives up to 100 years. Propagated by cuttings (green and woody).

Actinidia kolomikta has been cultivated since the middle of the 19th century. On its basis, many winter-hardy and productive varieties, including domestic ones. Now the number of varieties of actinidia zoned in Russia is approaching four dozen. Most of them were bred in the conditions of the Moscow region. Most famous varieties: Queen of the Garden, Lakomka, Marmalade, Ella and others.