Dkvr 10 13 technical specifications water supply. Dkvr boiler: the undisputed market leader

Gas-oil (GM) boiler units of the DKVR series are designed to generate dry saturated or slightly superheated steam for technological needs industrial enterprises, heating systems, and hot water supply. Steam boiler unit DKVR-10-13-250 - two-drum boiler, water-tube, reconstructed. First digit after DKVR: 2.5; 4; 6.5; 10; 20 - means the steam output of the boiler in t / h, the second digit: 13 or 23 - indicates the excess steam pressure in ati, and the third digit (if any): 250 or 225 - characterizes the temperature of the superheated steam in °C.

The main characteristics of the boilers of the DKVR series and their equipment are given in Table. P1, tab. 8.17 - 8.19.

24 25 28 2\ B-B 23

Firebox section 1

flue gases

1, 2 - upper and lower drums; 3, 4 - boiler pipes of the first and second flue; 5 - cast-iron partition; 6 - front screen of the furnace; 7, 8 - downpipes and front screen collector; 9 - rear screen;

10, 11 - collector and bypass pipes of the rear combustion screen; 12 - left side screen of the furnace; 13, 14 - collector and bypass pipes of the left side screen; 15 - downpipes of the side combustion screen;

16 - right side screen of the furnace; 17 - burners; 18, 20 - fireclay partitions;

19 - afterburner; 21 - shotcrete; 22 - brickwork; 23 - feed line;

24 - steam separation devices; 25 - steam pipeline; 26 - superheater;

27 - water-indicating glass; 28 - safety valve; 29 - thermometer; 30 - manometer; 31 - periodic purge pipeline

The heat generator DKVR-10-13-250 GM consists of the upper 1 (long) and lower 2 (shortened) drums, which are interconnected by curved boiler pipes in the amount of 594 pieces, and form the first 3 and second 4 gas ducts, respectively convective surface heating. The gas ducts are separated from each other by a cast-iron partition 5 along the entire height of the gas duct with a window (from the front of the boiler) on the right.

The front part of the lower drum is fixed, and the remaining parts of the boiler have sliding supports, as well as benchmarks that control the elongation of the elements during thermal expansion.

The furnace is formed by 118 screen pipes, which form respectively: 6 - front or front screen; 12 - left side screen; 16 - right side screen (similar to the left one); 9 - rear screen of the firebox. All pipes of radiant and convective heating surfaces have outside diameter 51 x 2.5 mm, which achieves better natural circulation in the boiler circuits.

All screen pipes of the furnace with their upper ends are flared in the upper drum 1, and the lower ends are welded to the four lower collectors: the front one - 8, the left side one - 13 (similarly to the right one) and the rear furnace one - 10. In addition, the front collector 8 is connected to the upper a drum with four downpipes 7 located outside the brickwork, and the lower collector of the left side combustion screen 13 (similarly to the right one) is connected to the upper drum by one downpipe 15, laid in the brickwork. The lower manifold 10 of the rear combustion screen is connected to the lower drum by bypass pipes 11. The transverse front manifold 8 is located above the burners 17.

Brickwork 22 is heavy, made of red brick, and the lining is made of fireclay bricks. The upper drum in the furnace is closed with shotcrete 21 to avoid overheating of the metal of the upper drum. Before accepting a shift, the operator must visually check the condition of the shotcrete. In addition, two fusible inserts (a mixture of tin and lead) are installed in the upper drum above the furnace, which melt at a temperature of about 300 ° C, which leads to the release of water into the furnace, stopping the combustion of fuel and protecting the drum from overheating.

Afterburner 19 is designed to reduce heat loss from chemical incompleteness of fuel combustion (chemical underburning) and is separated from the furnace by a brick partition 18 (with a window on the right, for the passage of flue gases), and from the first flue 4 - by a brick partition - 20 (with a window on the left) .

Innings feed water produced on line 23, with the installation on it check valve and vent. Steam separation devices 24 are installed in the upper drum 1 of the boiler. Steam is extracted through the steam line 25. To obtain superheated steam, a superheater 26 is used, which is usually installed behind one or two rows of boiler pipes of the first flue of the boiler.

Fittings are installed on the upper drum: water indicating devices 27, safety valves 28, thermometer 29, pressure gauge 30. Explosive safety valves are installed on all DKVR boilers above the furnace and flue. blowing external surfaces heating of the boiler tube bundle in the gas ducts is carried out by steam, using blowers.

1. Gas-air path or movement of flue gases.

Fuel and air are supplied to burners 17, and a combustion flame is formed in the furnace. The heat from the flue gases in the furnace, due to radiative and convective heat transfer, is transferred to all screen pipes (radiation heating surfaces), where this heat is due to the thermal conductivity of the metal wall and convective heat transfer from inner surface pipes is transferred to the water circulating through the screens.

Then the flue gases with a temperature of 900.1050 ° C exit the furnace and through the window on the right in the brick partition 18 pass into the afterburner chamber 19, go around brick partition 20 from the left side and enter the first flue 3, where heat is transferred to the convective tube bundle. With a temperature of about 600 ° C, flue gases, bending around cast iron partition 5 s right side, enter the second gas duct 4 of the boiler bundle of pipes and with a temperature of about 200.250 ° C, on the left side, exit the boiler and go to the water economizer.

2. Main contours of natural circulation.

Feed water after softening and deaeration (from the deaerator and water economizer) is fed through two pipelines of the feed line 23 into the water volume of the upper drum 1, where it is mixed with boiler water. The boiler has five natural circulation circuits.

1st circuit (for boiler pipes). Boiler water from the upper drum 1 descends into the lower drum 2 through the boiler tubes 4 of the convective bundle located in the second flue - in the area of ​​more low temperatures flue gases. The resulting steam-water mixture (PVA) rises to the upper drum through the boiler pipes 3 located in the first flue - in the area of ​​higher flue gas temperatures.

2nd circuit (along the front screen) - boiler water from the upper drum 1 is supplied to the front collector 8 through four downpipes 7 to the front collector 8, distributed along it, and the resulting PVA through the screen pipes 6 installed in the furnace rises to the upper drum.

3rd circuit (along the rear screen of the furnace) - boiler water from the lower drum 2 through bypass pipes 11 is supplied to the lower collector 10, distributed through it, and the resulting PVA through the screen pipes 9 located in the furnace rises to the upper drum.

4th circuit (along the left side furnace screen) - boiler water from the upper drum 1 through the downpipe 15 (located inside the lining or outside) is supplied to the lower collector 13 of the left side screen; water is also supplied to the collector 13 from the lower drum 2, through bypass pipes 14, after which the water is distributed along the collector, and the resulting PVA rises to the upper drum through the pipes 12 of the left side screen located in the furnace.

5th circuit (along the right side screen of the furnace 16) - is carried out similarly to the left side screen of the furnace.

Water and steam-water mixture (PVA) from all circulation circuits rises to the upper drum, where steam is separated in steam separators 24, and water is mixed with boiler water and the circulation process is repeated. After the steam separation devices, the resulting dry saturated steam goes to the consumer through the steam line 25 or is sent to the superheater 26 to produce superheated steam.

Continuous purge is made from the upper drum into the expander (separator) of continuous purge and is regulated by a valve. Periodic blowdown is carried out from five points of the boiler: four lower collectors and the lower drum. A steam pipeline is installed in the lower drum above the blowdown line, which is used to heat water with steam from neighboring boilers during boiler firing.

The boiler is equipped with two safety valves 28 and corresponding fittings: thermometer 29, pressure gauge 30, water-indicating glass 27. back wall the boiler is equipped with a blower, and on the lining, in the upper part of the furnace and gas - explosive safety valves.

For boilers with a steam capacity of 2.5; 4; 6.5 t/h steam, the design is similar to DKVR-10-13 and differs in the number of boiler and screen pipes, as well as the absence of front and rear furnace screens, in connection with this, there are only three natural circulation circuits: along the convective beam and along two side furnace screens. Periodic blowing is respectively produced from three points: two lower side collectors and a lower drum.

Circulation circuits of the boiler DKVR-10-13

The furnace is separated from the afterburning chamber by a brick partition made of refractory bricks. In the convective beam there are 2 gas partitions, made of heat-resistant steel. They divide the convect beam into an afterburner and 2 flue convects. As a rule, the DKVR boiler is equipped with external cast iron. Economizer, therefore t pr sg after the boiler is 300-320С, and after the economizer 160-190С at α ux = 1.4-1.5. The efficiency of the boiler, depending on the type of fuel, is 89-92%. The boiler is equipped with oil-gas burners, so gas or oil can be used as fuel. The lining of the boiler is usually a free-standing brickwork. Such a brickwork is called heavy. DKVR boilers have max 5 circulation circuits, with the exception of the front screen, they serve as a weak heating of the convective bundle tube, located in the last gas duct.

DKVR boilers with a capacity of 2.5 to 6.5 t/h have 3 circulation circuits, and with a capacity of 10 and 20 t/h - 5 circulation circuits.

1st circuit: convective beam. Water from the upper drum descends into the lower drum through weakly heated convective pipes and then, through the more heated front pipes of the convective bundle, the steam-water mixture rises into the upper drum.

2nd and 3rd circuits: side screens. Water from the upper drum descends through unheated down pipes into the lower collectors of the side screens, and the steam-water mixture rises through the screen pipes into the upper drum. The unheated ones are located inside the lining in front of the boiler and serve as a support for the upper drum.

4th circuit: front screen. Through unheated pipes, water from the upper drum enters the collector of the front screen, and returns through the screen pipes.

5th circuit: back screen. The lower collector of the rear screen is fed through bypass pipes from the lower drum. And the steam-water mixture is brought through the screen pipes to the upper drum.

In DKVR boilers, pipes are attached to the drum by rolling, and to collectors by welding. The upper drum is equipped with water-indicating devices, two safety valves, an air valve and a device for introducing feed water into the drum.

Analysis a large number industrial boiler houses that operate DKVR series boilers showed that 85% of boilers use gas or fuel oil as fuel, despite the fact that DKVR boilers were originally designed for combustion solid fuel. The analysis also revealed the following shortcomings:

Boilers are characterized by large air suction in the convective part;

DKVR boilers are supplied in blocks or in bulk. The delivery set of the DKVR boiler includes the upper and lower drums with intra-drum devices, pipe system screens and convective beam, burners, stairs, platforms.

Technical characteristics of boilers DKVr

The name of indicators	Boiler DKVR 2.5-13 GM	Boiler DKVR 4-13 GM	Boiler DKVR 6.5-13 GM	Boiler DKVR 10-13 GM	Boiler DKVR 20-13 GM
Steam capacity, t/h
Steam pressure, MPa
Steam temperature, °C	up to 194	up to 194	up to 194	up to 194	up to 194
Fuel consumption
Gas - fuel oil	280 265	446 422	721 684	1 105 1 45	2 060 1 960
Efficiency, %
Cast iron economizer	EB2-94I	EB2-142I	EB2-236I	EB1-330I	EB1-646I
Fan	VDN 8-1500	VDN 10-100	VDN 8-1500	VDN 11.2-1000	VDN 12.5-1000
smoke exhauster	VDN 9-1000	DN 9-1000	VDN 10-1000	DN 12.5-1000	DN 13-1500
Boiler overall dimensions, mm
Length - width - height	4 180 2 100 3 983	5 518 2 100 3 985	5 780 3 250 3 990	8 850 5 830 7 100	11 500 5 970 7 660
Mass of the boiler DKVR, kg	6 886	9 200	11 447	15 396	44 634

Boilers DKVR have a shielded combustion chamber and a developed boiler bundle made of bent pipes. To eliminate the dragging of the flame into a beam and reduce losses with entrainment and chemical underburning, the combustion chamber of boilers DKVR-2.5; DKVr-4 and DKVr-6.5 is divided by a fireclay partition into two parts: the furnace itself and the afterburner. On boilers DKVr-10 the afterburner is separated from the firebox by pipes of the rear screen. A fireclay partition is also installed between the first and second rows of tubes of the boiler bundle of all DKVR boilers, separating the bundle from the afterburning chamber.

There is a cast-iron partition inside the boiler bundle, which divides it into the first and second gas ducts and provides a horizontal turn of gases in the bundles during the transverse washing of the pipes.

The inlet of gases from the furnace into the afterburner and the outlet of gases from the DKVR boiler are asymmetric. If there is a superheater, some of the boiler pipes are not installed; superheaters are placed in the first flue after the second or third rows of boiler pipes.

DKVR boilers have two drums - upper (long) and lower (short) - and a pipe system.

For inspection of drums and installation of devices in them, as well as for cleaning pipes with cutters, there are oval manholes 325x400 mm in size on the bottoms.

Drums with an internal diameter of 1000 mm for pressures of 1.4 and 2.4 MPa (14 and 24 kgf / cm2) are made of steel 16GS or 09G2S and have a wall thickness of 13 and 20 mm, respectively. Screens and boiler bundles of DKVR boilers are made of seamless steel pipes.

To remove sludge deposits in the boilers, there are end hatches on the lower chambers of the screens; for periodic purging of the chambers, there are fittings with a diameter of 32x3 mm.

The superheaters of DKVr boilers, located in the first gas flue, are unified in profile for boilers of the same pressure and differ for boilers of different capacities only in the number of parallel coils.

Superheaters - single-pass for steam - provide superheated steam without the use of desuperheaters. The superheated steam chamber is attached to the upper drum; one support of this chamber is fixed, and the other is movable.

DKVR boilers have the following circulation scheme: feed water enters the upper drum through two feed lines, from where it enters the lower drum through low-heated pipes of the convective bundle. The screens are fed by unheated pipes from the upper and lower drums. The front screen of the DKVr-10 boiler is fed with water from the down pipes of the upper drum, the rear screen - from the down pipes of the lower drum. The steam-water mixture from the screens and lifting tubes of the bundle enters the upper drum.

All DKVR boilers are equipped with intra-drum steam separation devices for steam generation.

Boilers DKVr-2.5, DKVr-4 and DKVr-6.5, which can be delivered in one transportable unit and disassembled, have a welded support frame made of rolled steel. The DKVr-10 boiler does not have a support frame. The fixed, rigidly fixed point of the DKVR boiler is the front support of the lower drum. The remaining supports of the lower drum and chambers of the side screens are made sliding. The cameras of the front and rear screens are attached with brackets to the blower frame. The side screen cameras are attached to the support frame.

The DKVR boiler is equipped with instrumentation and the necessary fittings. The boilers (DKVR) are equipped with the following fittings: safety valves, pressure gauges and three-way valves to them; frames of level gauges with glasses and locking devices of level gauges; shut-off valves and non-return valves for supplying boilers; shut-off valves for purging drums, screen chambers, power regulator and superheater; stop valves for saturated steam extraction (for boilers without superheaters); shut-off valves for the selection of superheated steam (for boilers with superheaters); shut-off valves on the blowing and heating line of the lower drum during the kindling of boilers (for boilers DKVr-10); valves for draining water from the lower drum; shut-off valves on the chemical input line; steam sampling valves. For boilers DKVr-10, shut-off and needle valves are also supplied for continuous blowing of the upper drum.

For maintenance of gas ducts, a cast-iron headset is installed on DKVR boilers.

Numerous tests and long operating experience a large number boilers DKVr confirmed them reliable performance at a pressure lower than the nominal pressure. Minimum allowable pressure(absolute) for boilers DKVr-2.5; DKVR-4; DKVR-6.5; DKVr-10 is equal to 0.7 MPa (7 kgf / cm2). At a lower pressure, the humidity of the steam produced by the boilers increases significantly, and when burning sulfurous fuels (Sp > 0.2%), low-temperature corrosion is observed.

With a decrease in operating pressure, the efficiency of the boiler unit does not decrease, which is confirmed by comparative thermal calculations of boilers at nominal and reduced pressures. The elements of the boilers are designed for a working pressure of 1.4 MPa (14 kgf/cm2), the safety of their operation is ensured by the safety valves installed on the boiler.

With a decrease in pressure in the DKVR boilers to 0.7 MPa, the configuration of the boilers with economizers does not change, since in this case, the subcooling of water in the feed economizers to the steam saturation temperature in the boiler is more than 20 ° C, which meets the requirements of the Gosgortekhnadzor rules.

For completing boilers DKVr-2.5; DKVR-4; DKVr-6.5 and DKVr-10 when burning gas and fuel oil, two-zone vortex gas-oil burners of the GMG-m type are used (2 burners per boiler).

DKVr boilers operating on fuel oil are equipped with cast-iron economizers, when using only natural gas steel economizers can be used to complete the boilers.

The designed heat generating plant is the boiler unit DKVr 10 - 13.

Boiler DKVr 10-13 (The first number after the name of the boiler indicates the steam capacity, t / h. The second number is the steam pressure in the boiler drum, kgf / cm² ati) - double-drum, vertical-water-tube with natural circulation, remanufactured, frameless design.

The copper is intended for proizvodstvenno - heating and district boiler houses. When burning gaseous fuel assembled with a chamber firebox.

The boiler has an upper long and lower short drums located along the axis of the boiler, a shielded combustion chamber and a developed boiler bundle made of bent pipes. On boilers DKVR-10, the afterburner is separated from the furnace by pipes of the rear screen. Between the first and second rows of tubes of the boiler bundle of all boilers, a fireclay partition is also installed, which separates the bundle from the afterburner. There is a cast-iron partition inside the boiler bundle, which divides it into the first and second gas ducts and provides a horizontal turn of gases in the bundles during the transverse washing of the pipes. The inlet of gases from the furnace into the afterburner and the outlet of gases from the boiler are asymmetric. If there is a superheater, some of the boiler pipes are not installed; superheaters are placed in the first flue after the second or third rows of boiler tubes. To inspect the drums and install devices in them, as well as to clean the pipes, there are oval manholes on the bottoms with a size of 325 × 400 mm.

Drums with an internal diameter of 1000 mm for a pressure of 1.4 MPa are made of steel 16GS or 09G2S and have a wall thickness of 13 mm. Screens and boiler bundles of boilers are made of steel seamless pipes. To remove sludge deposits in the boilers, there are end hatches on the lower chambers of the screens; for periodic blowing of the chambers, there are fittings with a diameter of 32 × 3 mm.

The superheaters of boilers of the DKVR type, located in the first gas flue, are unified in profile for boilers of the same pressure and differ for boilers of different capacities only in the number of parallel coils. Superheaters - single-pass for steam, provide superheated steam without the use of desuperheaters. The superheated steam chamber is attached to the upper drum, one support of this chamber is fixed, and the other is movable.

Feed water enters the upper drum through two feed lines, from where it enters the lower drum through the last rows of pipes of the convective bundle. The screens are fed by unheated pipes from the upper and lower drums. The front screen of the DKVr-10 boiler is fed with water from the downpipes of the upper drum, the rear screen - downpipes of the lower drum. The steam-water mixture from the screens and lifting tubes of the bundle enters the upper drum. All boilers are equipped with intra-drum steam separation devices for steam production.

Boilers DKVr-10 do not have a support frame. The fixed, rigidly fixed point of the boiler is the front support of the lower drum. The remaining supports of the lower drum and chambers of the side screens are made sliding. The cameras of the front and rear screens are attached with brackets to the blower frame. The side screen cameras are attached to the support frame.

An explosion valve is installed in the upper part of the boiler unit. At off-design mode operation of the boiler unit - an explosion, the volume increases sharply flue gases. Flue gases freely pass through the coarse mesh, then destroy the asbestos plate and exit through the guide pipe to the outside. (Scheme of the explosive valve is shown in Fig. 1)

Rice. one. Scheme of an explosive valve 1 - a hole in the brickwork for installing an explosive valve; 2 - brickwork; 3 - coarse mesh; 4 - asbestos plate (can withstand high temperature); 5 - mount; 6 - the direction in which flue gases move in the event of an explosion; 7 - guide pipe.

On the upper drum, all the necessary shut-off and control, safety (Safety valve diagram is shown in Fig. 2), control valves, as well as a pressure gauge that measures the pressure in the drum of the boiler unit are designed. Water-indicating devices are installed on the front of the boiler.

Rice. 2. Safety valve 1 - valve; 2 - boiler drum walls; 3 - protective housing; 4 - lever device; 5 - weights regulating the valve actuation pressure; 6 - the trajectory of the movement of water or steam.

On the sides, pipes connected to the upper and lower collectors and both drums are extended outside. These pipes are remote cyclones. Remote cyclones are needed to separate the steam-water mixture into steam and water, respectively. From the remote cyclones in the upper part of the boiler, two pipes exit to the upper drum, through which steam moves. On the rear side of the lining there is an opening through which flue gases exit from the convective part of the boiler. It is possible to connect heating surfaces - an air heater or an economizer - to this hole. According to the task, it is necessary to calculate and design the heating surface - the economizer, which is connected to the boiler using a special box.

On the outer surface of the lining there are holes in which pipes of periodic blowdown are mounted. Pipes are additionally connected to the lower drum for heating the boiler with steam during kindling.

A combustion chamber is located in front of the boiler bundle of boilers, which, in order to reduce heat losses with entrainment and chemical underburning, is divided by a brick fireclay partition into two parts: the furnace itself and the afterburning chamber. Flue gases make a horizontal-transverse movement with several turns in the boiler. This is ensured by the installation of cast-iron partitions between the boiler pipes, which divide them into the first and second gas ducts. The gas outlet from the afterburner and from the boiler is, as a rule, asymmetric. The gas ducts are separated from each other by a cast-iron partition along the entire height of the boiler flue with a window (from the front of the boiler) on the right. The front part of the lower drum is fixed, and the remaining parts of the boiler have sliding supports, as well as benchmarks that control the elongation of elements during thermal expansion.

The furnace is formed by screen pipes, which form respectively: front or front screen; left side screen; right side screen (similar to the left one); rear screen of the firebox.

The movement of flue gases is carried out in the following way:

Fuel and air are supplied to the burners, and a combustion torch is formed in the furnace. The heat from the flue gases in the furnace, due to radiative and convective heat transfer, is transferred to all screen pipes (radiation heating surfaces), where this heat is transferred to water circulating through the screens due to the thermal conductivity of the metal wall and convective heat transfer from the inner surface of the pipes. Then the flue gases with a temperature of 900...1100 °C leave the furnace and pass through the window on the right in the brick partition into the afterburning chamber, go around the brick partition on the left side and enter the first flue, where they transfer heat to the convective tube bundle. With a temperature of about 600 °C, flue gases, bypassing the cast-iron partition on the right side, enter the second flue of the boiler bundle of pipes and with a temperature of about 200 ... 250 °C, on the left side, exit the boiler and go to the water economizer.

Behind the boiler unit, a heating surface is installed - an economizer. Economizer is one of constituent parts boiler unit. Since the temperature of the water in the boiler unit is the same everywhere and increases with increasing pressure, deep cooling of the flue gases is impossible without installing a water economizer.

Circulating water occurs as follows: feed water enters the upper drum through feed pipelines, where it mixes with boiler water. From the upper drum, along the last rows of pipes of the convective beam, the water descends to the lower drum, from where it is directed to the cyclones through the feed pipes. From the cyclones, water is supplied through the downcomer pipes to the lower chambers of the side screens, the steam-water mixture rises to the upper chambers of these screens, from where it flows through the pipes to the remote cyclones, in which it is separated into steam and water. Water descends through pipes into the lower chambers of the screens, the separated steam is discharged through bypass pipes to the upper drum. The cyclones are interconnected by a bypass pipe.

The screens of the first stage of evaporation are fed from the lower drum. Water enters the lower chambers of the side screens through connecting pipes, and into the lower chamber of the rear screen through other pipes. The front screen is fed from the upper drum - water enters the lower chamber through downpipes.

The steam-water mixture is discharged into the upper drum from the upper chambers of the side screens of the first stage of evaporation through steam outlet pipes, from the upper chamber of the rear screen by pipes, from the upper chamber of the front screen by pipes. The front screen has recirculation pipes.

In the upper part of the steam volume of the upper drum, louvered separation devices with perforated (perforated) sheets are installed.

Stationary steam boilers DKVR(two-drum boilers water-tube, reconstructed) are designed to produce saturated or superheated steam. Boilers produced with a steam capacity of 2.5; 4; 6.5; 10 and 20 t/h mainly for operating pressure 1.27 MPa (13 kgf/cm2) for saturated steam production and with superheater (except boilers steam capacity 2.5 t/h) for the production of superheated steam at a temperature of 250°C. Besides, boilers steam capacity 6.5; 10 and 20 t/h are manufactured for a pressure of 2.25 MPa (23 kgf/cm2) for the production of superheated steam up to 370°C, and boilers with a steam capacity of 10 t/h - also at a pressure of 3.82 MPa (39 kgf/cm2) for the production of steam superheated to 440°C.

Sizes currently produced boilers DKVR and their main parameters are given in the table.

Dimensions boilers DKVR

Productivity, t/h	Overpressure steam, kgf/cm3
	13		23
	saturated steam	superheated steam (250°С)	saturated steam	superheated steam (370 °С)
2,5	DKVR-2,5-13	-	-	-
4	DKVR-4-13	DKVR-4-13-250	-	-
6,5	DKVR-6,5-13	DKVR-6,5-13-250	DKVR-6,5-23	DKVR-6,5-23-370
10	DKVR-10-13	DKVR-10-13-250	DKVR-10-23	DKVR-10-23-370
20	DKVR-20-13	DKVR-20-13-250	DKVR-20-23	DKVR-20-23-370

Notes:
1. Boilers types DKVR-10-13 with and without superheater in low configuration are not standard. Layout boilers and their delivery must be coordinated with the plant.
2. The design temperature of the feed water is assumed to be 100°C.

Furnace device	Recommended fuel	Furnace device	Recommended fuel
PMZ-RPK	Brown and coal(except anthracites)	CKTI Pomerantsev system	Crushed wood waste and tree bark with WB<55%
PMZ-LCR
PMZ-CHCR
CHCR	Anthracite grades AC and AM	ACTI system Shershnev	Milled peat with WP<55%

Steam boilers DKVR can be used as hot water. For this over boiler a standard steam-water heater (boiler) is installed, which is included in its circulation, while an additional fitting is welded into the bottom of the lower drum to drain condensate from the boiler.

For boilers DKVR-2,5; DKVR-4 and DKVR-6.5 also use intra-drum boilers with straight brass tubes with a diameter of 16X1 mm, installed in the steam space of the upper drum.

In this and other ways boiler works like steam in a closed circuit and the temperature of the walls of the heating surfaces is higher than the dew point temperature, which protects them from gas corrosion.

When transferring boilers DKVR on the hot water tail surface heating mode must be performed in the form of heating economizer or air heater.

To ensure the necessary pressure, the axis of the remote heat exchanger must be located above the axis of the upper drum boiler not less than 1.5 m.

At work boilers DKVR in hot water mode, their heat output (power) corresponds to the values ​​given in the table.

Heat output (power) boilers DKVR when working in hot water mode

Type boiler	When working on solid fuel		When working on gas and oil
	power, kWt	heat output, Gcal/h	power, kWt	heat output, Gcal/h
DKVR-2,5-13	1745	1,5	2 440	2,1
DKVR-4-13	2910	2,5	4 070	3,5
DKVR-6,5-13	4650	4	6510	5,6
DKVR-10-13	7560	6,5	10 580	9,1

These heat outputs “correspond to the nominal steam output boiler on solid fuel and increased by 40% on gas and fuel oil.

Everything boilers for a pressure of 13 kgf/cm2 are unified in terms of power and are made according to a single design scheme: with a longitudinal arrangement of the upper and lower drums, fully shielded furnace camera and multi-type. At boilers In this series, the upper drum is longer than the lower one. The inner diameter of the drums for pressure 13-23 kgf/cm2 is 1000 mm. drums boiler connected to each other by a bundle of steel pipes with a diameter of 51X2.5 mm, forming a developed convective heating surface. The pipes are arranged in a corridor with a step in the longitudinal direction equal to 100 mm, and in the transverse direction - 110 mm, and their ends are flared in drums. The convective beam is divided by a transverse partition into two parts, forming two horizontal flues.

Boiler has a shielded furnace from pipes with a diameter of 51x2.5 mm, located under the front of the upper drum. The pipes of the side screens are rolled at one end into the upper drum, and at the other end are welded to the lower collectors.

combustion chamber boiler consists of two parts: furnaces and an afterburner chamber, which is formed by laying out a fireclay wall on the back furnace threshold. The afterburner serves to lengthen the path of the flue gases, which eliminates the possibility of the flame being drawn into the convective beam and improves the conditions for the afterburning of the entrainment.

The superheater is made of seamless steel pipes (steel 10) with a diameter of 32X3 mm.

To clean the external heating surfaces, a stationary blowing device is used, the blowing pipes of which are made of X25T steel. Blow surfaces with saturated or superheated steam.

Boilers, operating on solid fuel, are equipped with a device for the return of entrainment to furnace.

Gas temperature for boilers with a steam capacity of 2.5–10 t/h is on average equal to: when operating on solid fuel 310–345°C, on gas 300–325°C and on fuel oil 350–400°C.

The upper temperature limit should be taken for boilers with a superheater. For fuel oil and gas temperatures are given during operation boilers with increased steam output by 50%. When installing an economizer, the flue gas temperature is reduced to 140-180°C.

Before burning in boilers sulfur fuel oil, it is necessary to add a liquid additive VNITsNP-106 to it. Wherein boilers must operate at a pressure not lower than 0.49–0.59 MPa (5–6 kgf/cm2).

On the boilers DKVR a power regulator is installed to automatically regulate the water level in the upper drum within ± 60 mm from the average level, as well as an audible alarm.

For burning gas or oil, complete with boilers DKVR GMG-type oil-gas burners are supplied. Burners are mounted on the front wall furnace cameras boiler and are designed for burning gas with a calorific value QHg = 3500-8000 kcal / m3 (under normal conditions) and fuel oil grades 40 and 100.