Wild currant: types, useful properties, wild currant jam. Currant Vigorous - description of the variety, reviews

In ancient times, a large number of currants grew on the territory of modern Moscow. It is believed that for the first time the appearance of the modern capital was predicted by Prophetic Oleg in 880. Then the Moscow River was also called Smorodinka, and these shrubs grew luxuriantly on its banks. Of course, scientists do not dispute the fact that the Russian capital was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. However, it is possible that its history goes much deeper.

The main interpretations of the meaning of the word "currant"

One of the most valuable berry crops of the Slavs was currant. in Russian, which is called a famous shrub, has two versions. According to one of them, it comes from the word "stench". In the times of Ancient Russia, it meant "smell", "aroma". Here the meaning of the word can have both positive and negative connotations.

The word "currant" comes from the ancient word "currant", which earlier could be called both a persistent unpleasant smell and incense. According to another version, the word "Currant" comes from the word "Nugget", which means "naturally born, having no beginning."

The first mention of the berry

There is a legend according to which currant berries were first tested by the Arabs in the 7th century AD. e. Then the successor of King Mohammed ascended the Damascus throne, and an army of armed Muslims broke into the territory of Spain. The conquerors decided to feast on which turned out to be similar to Palestinian rhubarb. Then the berry was called "Ribes". But currants have never been brought to the territory of Russia. It was found by the Slavs in finished form. Therefore, the etymology of the word "currant" has precisely Slavic roots.

Legend of the Kalinov Bridge

This word is also of particular interest in connection with numerous myths about the mysterious river of the same name. Currant with fiery waves, which separates the world of the living from the world of the dead, is crossed by the Kalinov Bridge. The path of the heroes of Slavic myths to the kingdom of the goddess of death Morana is filled with obstacles. One of them is the Smorodina River. The origin of the word according to another version means the color of this river - “red, fiery”. Some researchers are convinced that the phrase "Kalinov Bridge" is endowed with the same meaning. After all, the word "viburnum" also means "fiery red", "hot".

"Kalinov bridge" - the etymology of the word. Currant and mammoth hunting

Other scientists believe that the mythical bridge got its name not because of its color, but because it was made from the branches of a viburnum tree. The origin of this name may be related to the hunting of mammoths by ancient people. In order to catch an ancient animal, a pit trap was usually arranged, covered with branches. These branches, according to researchers, were the basis for the myth of the Kalinov Bridge. To catch a mammoth, it was driven in a certain direction with the help of fiery branches, which became the prototype of a river with waves of fire.

Analogues in the myths of other countries

The river of death existed not only in the Slavic epic. For example, in ancient Greek myths, it is known that souls were transported to the kingdom of the gloomy god Hades. But, unlike the Slavic notions, the banks of the river were not separated by a bridge. In the myths of ancient Greece, the dead crossed the river of oblivion (Summer) and the river of sorrow (Acheron) in the boat of the carrier Acheron. According to the ideas of the Hellenes, the river, consisting of fiery waves, was an obstacle for the soul, separating the world of the living from the world of the dead.

Inhabitants of the banks of the Currant

Another enemy on the way from one world to another was a terrible guard - the Serpent, or Miracle Yudo. Heroes of ancient Slavic myths fought with him on the Kalinov Bridge. Baba Yaga is also a famous character who lives near the Kalinov Bridge on the banks of the Smorodina River. The origin of the word "Yaga" has many interpretations. The Russian ethnographer N. Abramov suggested that it comes from the name of clothing.

"Yaga", or "Yagushka" was a wardrobe item of the ancient Slavs, which was worn outside with fur. This type of clothing was a mandatory attribute of evil spirits in Slavic myths and beliefs. But some researchers go even further in their ideas about why the mythical inhabitant of the Smorodina River received such a name. They associate the origin of the word "Yaga" with the ancient Indian term "yagya", which means "sacrifice". The word "woman", if pronounced with an emphasis on the last syllable, means the concept of "hermit".

Where does the real Currant flow?

According to some assumptions, it has a very real prototype. Scientists who are interested in how the word "Smorodina" came about believe that it is actually the name of the one located in the vicinity of St. Petersburg. Its original name - "Sisterjoke" - comes from the word "Sister" in Finnish means "currant", and "joke" - "river". This hypothesis is confirmed by the legend about the Smorodina River. Indeed, according to legend, this turbulent river is surrounded by swamps, and it is wayward and turbulent. The same characteristics are characteristic of the Sestra River.

Currant (Ribes) - this genus is a member of the gooseberry family. It unites about 200 plant species, while 50 of them are naturally found in the Northern Hemisphere. In the monastery gardens of Russia, this culture began to be grown in the 11th century, and then it ended up in European countries. On the territory of Russia, currant is very popular with gardeners. Along with red and black currants, golden and white ones are also grown. However, of all the species, blackcurrant is considered the most useful and tasty. Its fruits are eaten fresh, and they are also used to make jellies, jams, compotes, syrups, liqueurs, wines and liqueurs. Also, this plant is used as a raw material for the pharmacological industry.

Currant is a perennial shrub that can be sprawling or compact. Its height varies from 100 to 200 centimeters. The greenish fluffy stems turn brown with age. Young shoots grow from dormant buds every year. The root system of the plant is powerful, and it penetrates the soil to a depth of about 0.6 m. Three-blade or five-blade leaf plates with a serrated edge have a diameter of 3–12 centimeters. The front surface of the leaves has a dark green color, and the wrong side is pubescent along the veins. Racemes drooping inflorescences consist of light pink or lavender bell-shaped flowers. The fruit is a fragrant berry. The color and size of the fruit is affected by the type and variety of the plant. Flowering is observed in May and June, and fruiting is in July and August. The plant begins to bear fruit in the second year after planting in open soil. Currant is considered a sought-after crop, like, for example, strawberries, blackberries, strawberries, raspberries and blueberries. It is cultivated by gardeners on their plots, and currants are also grown on an industrial scale. Currant is a relative of another popular crop - gooseberries.

What time to plant

Currant is considered a long-liver in comparison with other garden and berry crops. Already the next season after landing in open ground, it gives the first fruits. If the shrub is provided with good care, then it will bear fruit for more than 15 years. It is best to plant currants in open soil in the first weeks of autumn, but in extreme cases this can be done in the spring. It is recommended to purchase a two-year-old seedling with 3 skeletal roots. Carefully inspect it before buying, as it may be very weak or sick.

A suitable site should be well lit and protected from strong gusts of wind. For such a culture, non-acidic, well-drained soil is suitable. If the soil is acidic, then this can be corrected by adding lime to it for digging (per 1 square meter from 0.3 to 0.8 kg), do this before planting the plant. In addition, from 100 to 150 grams of granulated superphosphate, from 2 to 4 kilograms of organic matter and from 20 to 30 grams of potassium sulfate per 1 square meter of land should be added to the soil. You need to dig the soil to a depth of 20 to 22 centimeters.

The length and width of the planting pit should be about 0.55 m, and its depth should be about 0.45 m. A distance of 1.5–2 m should be maintained between the bushes. 100 grams of superphosphate, 1 bucket of humus and 45 grams of potassium chloride. In order for the roots of the plant not to get burned, fertilizers must be covered with a layer of soil, the thickness of which should be from 7 to 9 centimeters. The preparation of the pit must be done 15 days before the planting of the currant, in which case the earth will be able to settle well. The plant is placed in a hole at an angle of 45 degrees, while making sure that its root collar is 50 mm deep into the soil. Unfold the roots very carefully. This procedure is very important because it promotes the active growth of new roots and shoots from the buds that are in the ground, resulting in a strong shrub with many powerful branches. The pit is covered with a small amount of soil, which is well tamped. Then 5 liters of water are poured into it, after which the pit is filled to the top with earth. A furrow must be made around the seedling, which should be filled with water. To avoid the appearance of a crust on the surface of the soil, it must be covered with a layer of mulch (humus). Shorten the shoots to 10–15 centimeters, while 4 or 5 buds should remain on the segments. If desired, stick the cuttings into moist soil where they can take root.

Planting currants in the spring is carried out only as a last resort, and you need to have time before the start of sap flow and before the opening of the kidneys. The difficulty of planting this crop in the spring is that at the beginning of the growing season it is very difficult to choose the moment suitable for planting currants. The fact is that the currant bush starts growing very early, while the soil often does not have time to warm up to the temperature that is necessary for the plant to take root. In the event that the planting pit was prepared in the autumn and the soil in it had time to settle, then planting currants in the spring will be easier.

currant care

Caring for currant bushes in spring is very easy, you just need to adhere to the following scheme:

1. It is necessary to cut out all the kidneys affected by the tick. If most of the buds need to be removed, then in this case the affected shoots on the bush are cut off almost to the base.
2. Dig the shrub to a shallow depth, while the surface of the soil around it must be covered with a layer of mulch (humus or manure).
3. During active growth and flowering, the bush needs regular watering.
4. It is necessary to weed and loosen the soil around the bushes to a depth of 6 to 8 centimeters at least 2 or 3 times in 7 days. To reduce the amount of weeding and loosening, you need to fill the area with mulch.
5. After wintering, the plant will need sanitary pruning.
6. In early spring, bushes should be sprayed in order to prevent diseases and pests.
7. When the plant blooms (usually in May), it is necessary to make a thorough inspection of the flowers. All double flowers found will need to be removed. If there are a lot of such flowers on the plant, then it is dug up and burned to avoid further spread of terry.
8. Feed the bush with a nitrogen-containing fertilizer.

In the summer, you need to provide currants with timely watering. How to properly water this crop is described in great detail below. You also need to weed the currants in time, you need to make sure that the surface of the site is always clean. Also in the summer, shrubs are fertilized with organic matter, which must be carried out in conjunction with irrigation. Regularly inspect the bushes and, if pests or symptoms of the disease are found, treat them with an appropriate agent. However, remember that 20 days before the fruit ripens, you need to stop any chemical treatment of the plant, but they can be replaced with harmless folk remedies. Fruits should be collected selectively as they ripen, while white and red currants are cut off with tassels, and black - by berry.

When all the fruits are collected from the bush, it should be watered, after which the soil is loosened. In the last days of September, shrubs are fertilized with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. And also at this time, formative and sanitary pruning of shrubs is carried out. Also at this time, they are planting and propagating currant bushes. If there is very little rain in autumn, then the shrub will need water-charging winter watering. It should also be treated in order to prevent pests and pathogens of various diseases, which often overwinter in the bark of a plant or in the upper layer of soil.

If currant bushes are powerful and healthy, then they are unlikely to get sick, and pests will also bypass them. However, experts, despite this, advise not to neglect systematic preventive treatments. What to use to spray this crop so that it remains healthy throughout the season? Remember that along with the awakening of the kidneys, pests also wake up, as well as pathogenic microorganisms that have hidden for the winter in the bark of the plant or in the upper layer of the soil. The first time it is necessary to process the shrub before the buds swell, for this they use a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture, Karbofos or copper sulphate. You can replace these drugs with Nitrafen, while remembering that during processing it is necessary to spray not only the bush, but also the surface of the soil. At the end of the growing season, the site should be cleared of plant debris and flying leaves, as pests and pathogens are very fond of wintering in them. Then currants are treated with the same means as described above.

How to water

If there was a lot of snow in winter, then currants often do not need to be watered in the spring, because the soil already contains a large amount of moisture after the snow melts. After a snowy winter in the spring, the plant will need systematic watering. During the formation of the ovaries and the filling of fruits, especially in dry, hot weather, the bushes should be watered with tepid water approximately 1 time in 5 days. It is necessary that the soil gets wet to a depth of 0.3 to 0.4 m, in connection with this, 2–3 buckets of water are taken per 1 square meter of the site. You need to pour water strictly under the plant, while making sure that water does not fall on foliage and berries. Experienced gardeners recommend making irrigation pads around the bush, which must be limited to a relatively high (about 15 centimeters) roller made of earth. If desired, they can be replaced with circular grooves, the depth of which should be 10–15 centimeters, while they must be made at a distance of 0.3 to 0.4 m from the crown projection. If drought is observed in autumn, then currant bushes will need water-charging winter watering.

White and red currants are less demanding on watering compared to black.

Top dressing currants

If during planting all the necessary fertilizers were applied to the hole, then for 2 years the currants can not be fed. Starting from the third year, fertilizers will need to be applied to the soil systematically. At the beginning of the spring period, this crop is fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizer. To feed one young shrub, take from 40 to 50 grams of urea. Starting from the age of four, from 15 to 20 grams of urea is used to feed 1 bush, while two top dressings are carried out. In autumn, 4–6 kg of organic matter (manure, chicken manure or compost), 15 grams of potassium sulfate and 50 grams of superphosphate are added to the soil under the shrub. Feeding data should be carried out annually.

What do experts recommend using to feed currants so that it is more resistant to diseases and pests, and also gives a rich harvest? From June to July, it is necessary to make 3 foliar top dressings, for this the following nutrient mixture is used: you need to take 5 grams of potassium permanganate, 3 grams of boric acid and 35 grams of copper sulfate, they should be diluted separately, and then everything should be mixed with 1 bucket of water. It is necessary to spray the plant with this composition on a cloudy day or in the evening, when the sun sets, while there should be no wind.

Pruning currants in spring

Currant pruning is necessary because during this procedure all unnecessary, injured, diseased and weak branches are removed, which means that the plant will no longer have to spend its strength and nutrients on them. Most of the ovaries are on last year's growth of four-year and five-year branches. In this regard, branches that are more than 6 years old must be cut, because they are no longer needed. You also need to cut out diseased and dried branches. With timely and systematic pruning, the fruiting of blackcurrant bushes can be extended up to 20 years, and red - up to 15 years.

In the autumn, when the leaf fall ends, the main pruning of the currant should be done. In early spring, before the buds open, it is necessary to shorten the stems damaged by frost in the winter to healthy tissue, and also remove all dead and injured branches. In the summer, it is recommended to pinch the ends of young shoots, this is necessary to stimulate their tillering, as well as to give the shrub a neat and regular shape.

After the seedling is planted in open soil, all its stems are shortened to 10-15 centimeters from the surface of the site. In the second year, the bush will need to choose 3–5 of the most powerful zero shoots, they will become skeletal branches, and the rest must be cut out. On shrubs of the third and fourth year of growth, from 3 to 6 of the most developed zero shoots should be selected, and the rest should be removed. Do not allow the bush to thicken, for this you need to remove weak and underdeveloped shoots located in the middle of the bush. Trim the tops off last year's stems. Two- and three-year-old branches are shortened, while 2-4 buds should remain on each branch. If you cut the bush correctly and regularly, then by this age it will already be fully formed. In subsequent years, it will be necessary to cut all branches older than 6 years to the root. Pruning of the remaining branches is carried out according to the scheme described above.

Rules for pruning white and red currants

Pruning of white and red currants is carried out in the spring. The rules and pruning schemes are the same as those for blackcurrants, however, pinching the tops of the growths is not necessary, as is the shortening of the shoots of the second and third year. You will need to cut out all the old branches that are more than 7 years old, you also need to remove all the extra young shoots, injured and diseased branches. In the event that a branch older than 7 years continues to bear fruit, then it should be shortened to the nearest powerful fork. In this case, she will live and bear fruit longer than usual.

Often, gardeners use arcuate layering, green or lignified cuttings to propagate currants, and also root two-year-old branches cut from a bush. Red currants are relatively difficult to propagate by cuttings, for this it is better to use layering. Only specialists are engaged in growing currants from seeds, because this breeding method is very long and ineffective.

How to propagate with woody cuttings

This culture can be propagated by both green and lignified cuttings. The most affordable method is to grow currants from lignified cuttings, because you can prepare them when you need them. Planting cuttings for rooting is carried out in spring and autumn. Experienced gardeners recommend harvesting cuttings in the first winter weeks, but you need to be in time before severe frosts, as they can destroy the buds. The length of the cuttings can vary from 18 to 20 centimeters, while their thickness should be 0.8–1 centimeter. It is recommended to cut them from the middle of annual shoots that grow from three-year-old branches or from the root. In order to prevent moisture from evaporating from the cuttings during storage, the cut points must be covered with molten paraffin or garden pitch. Then the cuttings should be wrapped with slightly moistened paper and put in a plastic bag, which should be buried in a snowdrift or put on the refrigerator shelf. At the very beginning of spring, cuttings should be planted on training beds. They need to be planted at an angle of 45 degrees, a distance of 15 centimeters must be observed between the cuttings, while the width between the rows should be about 20 centimeters. The lower end of the cutting smeared with paraffin should be cut obliquely. The planted stalk should be deepened into the soil so that only 2 buds rise above its surface. Planted cuttings need abundant watering, then the surface of the beds should be covered with a layer of mulch (humus, sawdust or fine peat). Then, arcuate supports are installed above the bed, which reach a height of about 0.5 m, and a plastic film is pulled on top. Shelter should be removed only after new leaves grow on the cuttings. Water the bed should be moderate, and the soil should not be allowed to dry out even for a short time. In the summer, cuttings need timely weeding, watering and fertilizing with mullein. In early autumn, the cuttings will become seedlings, which can reach a height of 0.3–0.5 m, while they will have 1 or 2 shoots. Well-developed and strong cuttings in autumn can be planted in a permanent place, while weak ones need to be grown until next autumn.

For rooting green cuttings you will need a greenhouse. But there is another way. For cutting cuttings, only well-developed shoots are used, while it should be remembered that the top is not rooted. In length, the cutting should reach from 5 to 10 centimeters, while it should have 2 green leaf plates. Rooting cuttings should be placed in a container with water. After half a month, they will have roots, the length of which will reach 1–1.2 cm. After that, the cuttings are planted in bags that are filled with soil. Holes must be made in the bags in advance so that excess liquid drains. Cuttings must be watered with a frequency of 1 time in 2-3 days, while the soil in the bag should have a creamy consistency. After 1–1.5 weeks, watering should be reduced, while the soil should become a normal consistency. The cuttings will be at room conditions until May, by the time of planting, their height should reach 0.5–0.6 m. During transplantation, you just need to cut the bag and pull out the cutting. It is dug obliquely into the ground, while it should be planted 15 centimeters deeper than it grew before.

Propagation of currants by layering

Propagation of such a shrub by layering is very simple and easy. A year later, you will have powerful seedlings with a well-developed root system. For layering, a two-year-old branch is chosen, which must be absolutely healthy and at the same time grow on the periphery of the shrub at an angle. Under this branch, you need to make a deep enough (from 10 to 12 centimeters) groove. Then the branch is carefully bent down and placed in this groove, while it should be taken into account that the top of this branch should rise 0.2–0.3 m above the soil surface. In the middle, the branch is fixed with a wire hook or a metal bracket. The furrow must be filled with soil. Layering during the summer period will need systematic watering. By the onset of autumn, the layering should become a strong seedling with several branches and a developed root system. If desired, layering can be removed from the ground, cut off from the parent bush and transplanted to a new permanent place.

Currant diseases with photos and descriptions

Currant suffers from the same diseases as many other horticultural crops, for example, gooseberries. As a rule, a shrub becomes ill if it is not properly cared for or due to poor heredity. The most common illnesses are listed below:

Small brown spots with small tubercles appear on the surface of the leaf plates, which merge with each other over time. The leaves dry up and die. First, the lower branches are affected, and then the disease rises higher.

Septoria (white spot)

Spots of an angular or round shape appear on the foliage. At first they are colored brown, but over time they lighten and acquire a dark border. In some cases, fruit damage occurs.

On the leaf plates there are large pads of a light yellow color, inside of which there are spores of the fungus.

On the shrub you can find ugly "double" flowers, which are painted lilac. On young shoots, darkening and elongation of the foliage is observed, lobes appear on it, the veins become coarser. The foliage loses its smell, and the bush ceases to bear fruit.

Gray rot

Brown spots appear on the surface of the foliage. In white currants, this disease can also damage wood.

On the front surface of the leaves are formed small spots of yellow color. At the same time, growths appear on the wrong side, in which there are orange-yellow spores, which are small hairs.

The bark loses its elasticity and resilience, causing it to crack. This leads to drying and death of the branches.

In the first summer weeks, a yellow pattern appears on the leaf plates around the main veins.

On the surface of fruits and foliage, a loose coating of white color is formed. After some time, it becomes a brownish film.

Nectrium necrosis

In white and red currants, drying of branches and stems is observed.

It is not always possible to cure currants. From viral diseases, an effective drug has not yet been found. If you do not start treating a fungal disease in time, then in a season it can destroy half of the bushes. It should be remembered that if the rules of agricultural technology of the crop are followed and with proper care, the plant will rarely get sick. Regularly inspect the currant bushes and, if the first signs of the disease are found, begin treatment. Also, one should not forget about the preventive treatments of currants and the soil around it, for this they use a solution of Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate, Nitrafen or Karbofos. Similar treatments are carried out in early spring before the buds swell and in autumn.

Currant pests with photos and descriptions

Currants can also be greatly harmed by various harmful insects, which also prefer to settle on its close relative, the gooseberry. More often than others, the following pests settle on currant bushes:

The caterpillars of such an insect devour the leaf plates, from which only the veins remain.

The caterpillars of this insect harm the fruits and buds of the plant. They settle not only on currants, but also on grapes, gooseberries, viburnum and other berry crops.

The caterpillars of such a sawfly settle on red and white currants, they devour its foliage.

The fruits damaged by this pest begin to sing very quickly and dry out.

She feeds on the juice of the plant, sucking it out of the leaves. The result is a curvature of the shoots, cessation of their growth, twisting, drying and flying around the foliage.

The caterpillars of this butterfly devour the foliage of not only white and red currants, but also gooseberries.

Often, such a pest, which gives 7 generations in 1 season, settles on white or red currants. The affected bush begins to turn yellow, the leaf plates are deformed, red and yellow swellings appear on their surface. Then the foliage flies around.

Able to harm red and black currants, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries, grapes, elderberries and other plants. In the affected bush, the color of the foliage becomes marble, it begins to dry out and fly around.

Affected blackcurrant berries change their shape to faceted.

It is necessary to fight such pests exactly at the time when they settle on the bush. At the same time, there are a very large number of different quite effective drugs. Some of the gardeners use folk remedies, while others prefer modern chemicals. You can protect the plant from the invasion of pests by treating it in spring and autumn with copper sulphate or Bordeaux mixture.

Currant varieties with photos and descriptions

Numerous varieties of currants are divided not only by the color of the fruit, but also by the time of their ripening into: early-ripening, medium-early, mid-ripening, medium-late and late-ripening.

1. Pearl. The fruits are sweet black and very large, weighing about 6 grams.
2. Venus. Shrub tall. Fruits are black, sweet-sour taste, weigh about 5.5 grams.
3. Black BMW. Shrub compact, vigorous. Black sweet fruits weigh about 7 grams.
4. Jonker Van Tets. The fruits are red, very large, have a sweet-sour taste.
5. Ural white. On a spreading shrub are large white fruits. They taste sweet.

1. Bashkir giant. This variety is resistant to pests and diseases. Very large black fruits have a sweet-sour taste.
2. Belarusian sweet. Very large black fruits have a sweet taste.
3. Umka. Shrub upright, vigorous. Fruits are sweet large white color.

1. Sanyuta. Vigorous shrub rather compact. Sweet-sour fruits of black color weigh about 5.5 grams.
2. Osipovskaya sweet. This vigorous shrub is slightly spreading. Sweet large fruits are red in color.
1. Lazy person. A vigorous, compact shrub produces very large, sweet-tasting black fruits.
2. Valentinovka. Red sour fruits are very large. They are great for making jelly.

Today, golden currants are becoming more and more popular among gardeners. This shrub is ornamental: fragrant flowers are painted in various shades of yellow, while in autumn the foliage changes its color to variegated and very saturated. Depending on the variety, the fruits can be colored orange, red, yellow, brown, pink or blue-black. But in such a currant, the taste of the fruit is somewhat lower than in black, white and red.

Currant hybrids

To date, only 2 currant hybrids are popular.

This is a hybrid of the common gooseberry, blackcurrant and protruding gooseberry. It was born in 1970. It took experts about 40 years to create it. This is a very strong spreading shrub, reaching a height of about 150 cm, its diameter can also be equal to 150 cm. There are no thorns on the plant. The fruits are covered with a dense skin, weigh about 5 grams. They are black with a purple tint. The berries are collected in a brush of 3-5 pieces. They have a nutmeg flavor, which is quite pleasant. The bush is frost-resistant, resistant to certain pests and diseases. Life expectancy is 20 to 30 years. Very popular in Western Europe.

This gooseberry-currant hybrid was created in Sweden. Large smooth fruits are painted black and reach 20 millimeters in diameter. They are 3-5 pieces collected in a brush. The plant does not have the characteristic smell of currants. The fruits have a taste of both currant and gooseberry. In Sweden, fruit ripening occurs in mid-July.

Name: Latinization of the Arabic ‘ribas’, the name of the Palestinian rhubarb (Rheum ribes Z.), which has a sour taste. When the Arabs conquered Spain in 711 and did not find there the 'ribas' known to them, which they widely used in their homeland, the name was transferred to red currants, which also have a sour taste of berries.

Ribes japonicum
Photo of Voronina Svetlana

Description: includes up to 150 species distributed in the cold and temperate zones of Europe, Asia, North and South America.

Shrubs 1-2.5 m tall, with simple, lobed leaves, numerous small flowers in racemose inflorescences, beautiful clusters of fruits of various colors, mostly edible. Fruiting from 3-5 years. Requires rich, fairly moist, loose and well-drained soil. Shade-tolerant, but thrive best in well-lit and sheltered areas. The conditions of the city are well tolerated. They need constant care. Propagated by seeds, cuttings, dividing the bush, layering. With seed propagation, sowing is carried out in the fall in the year of fruit collection or in the spring after 2-3 months of stratification. For decorative purposes, they are planted singly or in groups, forms with creeping shoots are used to create alpine slides. Because currants hold up well to shearing, they can be used for low hedges and borders.

Currant. Such a boring plant. But without a currant, as without a lilac, it is impossible to imagine a single Russian estate. (By the way, the history of domestic varieties dates back to the 11th century.) And it is from the currant, a simple berry bush, that the chronicle of our private garden, as a rule, begins. If you look at it with different eyes, it turns out that these are not only tasty, healing berries and jam on duty. Behind the familiar, familiar appearance, one can guess the freshness and beauty to which we are simply accustomed. We're used to it and we don't notice. But currant is one of those ornamental plants that can decorate not only our garden, but also our life. Judge for yourself.

In nature, it is found in the northwestern regions of the European part of Russia, in the Carpathians, the Caucasus, Scandinavia, Central and Southern Europe. In forests, among shrubs, along river banks, on plains and in mountains up to the subalpine zone, on rocks. Protected in nature reserves.

A beautiful shrub, up to 2.5 m tall, with brown shoots, elegant three-lobed, dark green leaves, up to 4 cm long, sharp-toothed along the edge, shiny above, lighter below, smooth or scattered hairy. Autumn leaf color varies from pale yellow to ocher yellow. The flowers are small greenish; staminate, in racemes, up to 4 cm long, from 2-20 flowers; pistillate - in very short, 2-3 flowered. The fruits are red, spherical or slightly oblong berries (up to 0.9 cm), tasteless, very colorful against a dark green background.

Undemanding to the soil, tolerates slight salinity, can grow on rocky areas. Winter hardy and heat resistant. One of the few types that perfectly tolerate a curly haircut. From it you can make not only simple geometric shapes, but also intricate shapes. Propagated by seeds, which are sown immediately after fruit ripening or in late autumn, previously stratified after harvest. When spring sowing, a 2-3-month stratification is necessary. Good quality with 70%. Ground germination with. twenty %. The optimum sowing depth is 0.5 cm. It can be propagated by layering and woody cuttings.

In GBS since 1938, 35 copies., Of which 19 were grown from seeds obtained from the culture, 3 copies. brought by young plants from natural habitats of the Caucasus, 13 specimens. seed and vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, 13 years old, height 2.2 m, crown diameter 150 cm plant grows from mid-April to early October. The growth rate is average. Blossoms from 3-5 years, annually, abundantly, from the beginning to the third decade of May, 16 days. Fruits in 4-5 years, abundantly, the fruits ripen in mid-July and do not fall off for a long time. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination is low. It propagates easily by summer cuttings, takes root in cold greenhouses without the use of growth stimulants up to 83%.

It has a number of forms: dwarf with yellow leaves - (f. aurea); dwarf with small leaves - (f. pumila); with deeply incised-toothed leaves - (f. laciniata), etc.

‘Aurea‘. Dwarf shrub about 1 m high, larger in width than in height. Young leaves are golden. Beautiful during flowering, when the bush looks openwork thanks to numerous pale yellow flowers on short racemes. By the end of summer, they turn into tasteless bright red berries.

‘Pumilum‘. In GBS since 1976 4 copies. grown from seeds obtained from Ukraine, and 4 copies. vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, at 10 years old, height 1.5 m, crown diameter 120 cm. It grows slowly. Flowering and fruiting from 5 years. Dates of seasonal development are similar to the species. Winter hardiness is complete. It is easily propagated by summer cuttings in cold greenhouses: it takes root up to 90%.

Early and dense foliage, foliage ornamentation, bright berries that adorn the shrub in summer and autumn, reddish autumn foliage, along with unpretentiousness, make this species desirable in garden and park construction; in single and group planting, freely growing or molded hedges, along the banks of reservoirs and slopes. In culture since 1588.

Eastern and central North America. Wet forests, thickets of bushes, swamps, river banks, wet ravines, deep gorges.

In spring, this rather tall (up to 1.5 m) shrub with spreading arched shoots is covered with tassels of bell-shaped greenish-yellow flowers. In summer, it is decorated with fruits with a diameter of about 10 mm, which change color from red to black when ripe. In autumn, the plant turns dark purple leaves. The taste of American currant berries resembles the taste of black berries. In America, in her homeland, one variety is known as a berry plant - Sweet-fruited Missouri. High yields are given by the American currant in the Central Asian republics, mainly in Uzbekistan, near Tashkent. In Western Europe and Russia, this currant is still known to a few.

Spectacular forms of American currant with the original structure of the bush, graceful leaves were obtained at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants. I. V. Michurina. The most attractive plants with large and small leaves. The large-leaved currant has corrugated leaves and long inflorescences. It can be grown both as a stem tree and as a bush. In small-leaved forms, in spring, thin arched branches gracefully bend under the weight of numerous flowers. And in autumn, their foliage turns dark purple, which gives the garden a special charm. The low spreading bushes of this plant are good for bordering flower beds and paths. And one more feature of small-leaved forms of American currant: they are very sensitive to the presence of mutagens in the environment and react to these genetically dangerous factors by the appearance of shoots with large leaves.

Until now, only conifers have been the most sensitive to environmental pollution from woody plants: spruce, fir, pine and larch. The small-leaved form of the American currant turned out to be more convenient for assessing the genetic activity of the external environment.

This plant is unpretentious to soils, winter-hardy, differs in late flowering, which allows it not to fall under early spring frosts, its fruits are rich in vitamins and sugars. Currant tolerates pruning well, resistant to diseases and pests, easily propagated by layering, woody and green cuttings. It is used to fix slopes and create undergrowth in the central regions of the European part of Russia.

In GBS since 1952 3 old copies. in the arboretum grown from seeds obtained from the culture, and 3 copies. in the nursery, brought by young rooted plants from Vladivostok. In the arboretum and nursery there are 19 specimens of seed and vegetative reproduction of GBS, including 12-year-olds obtained in vitro. Shrub, 5 years height 1.7 m, crown diameter 150 cm plant grows from late April to early October. It grows quickly, the ends of the shoots take root when in contact with the ground. It blooms profusely, from the third decade of May until the beginning of June, 17 days. Fruits in 3 years, the berries ripen in the last decade of August. Winter hardiness is average. Seed germination up to 75%. Roots up to 87% of summer cuttings without the use of growth stimulants.

Photo from the magazine "In the world of plants" - 2003 - No. 10

Homeland - the central part of North America. Rocks and rocky hillsides. Mesoxerophyte.

A spreading deciduous shrub, up to 2 m tall. Small bright yellow flowers, collected in short brushes, have a spicy smell. Leaves 2.5-4 cm wide. Best of all, the plant feels in a sunny place, in the shade it becomes loose and takes on an untidy appearance. The plant is winter hardy.

In GBS since 1937 3 copies. grown from seeds obtained from the culture, and 5 copies. seed reproduction GBS. Shrub, at 8 years old, height 1.9 m, crown diameter 90 cm, at 20 years old height 2.5 m, crown diameter 230 cm. Plant grows from mid-April to late September. Grows fast. It blooms and bears fruit from the age of 4 (vegetative reproduction - earlier). Flowering is abundant, in the second half of May, 18 days. The fruits ripen in early August. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination up to 58%. Cuttings root easily in cold greenhouses.

Photo from the book by R. Phillips, M. Ricks "Ornamental plants in your garden"

Naturally grows in western North America. In the mountains, in damp places, along the valleys and banks of rivers, lakes.

Tall, low-branched shrub, up to 2 m tall, with a beautiful, rounded crown. Young shoots are reddish. The leaves are 3-lobed, up to 5 cm long, glossy, yellow-green in summer and reddening in autumn. Golden-yellow, small flowers with a pleasant, strong aroma are collected in short brushes. The duration of flowering is 15-20 days. The fruits are spherical berries, up to 0.8 cm (from orange-yellow and purplish-brown to almost black), sweet and sour, edible. In golden currant, the berries are usually larger than in black currant: bright, shiny, with a dry long perianth and a wide variety of colors - from light yellow to black. However, one of the disadvantages of golden currant is its low self-fertility. Therefore, several varieties are planted at the same time for cross-pollination. Fruits in 5-6 years. It has a number of large-fruited forms and varieties. In culture since the beginning of the XIX century.

It is winter-hardy, undemanding to the soil, well transfers air pollution. Photophilous, but puts up with shading. The most drought-resistant of currants. Propagated by sowing seeds, stratification within 2-4 months accelerates their germination. In autumn, the foliage acquires a picturesque color - anthocyanin, purple, burgundy, orange, red, lemon yellow. The golden currant is highly valued for this quality and is widely used as an ornamental shrub for group plantings and hedges, clipped or free-growing. The golden currant is very attractive during flowering, at this time the bush is strewn with unusually fragrant flowers that attract bees. Golden currant is sometimes formed not in the form of a bush, but in the form of a tree on a trunk, 70 cm high. In this case, the plant is well lit, which is reflected in the size and quality of the berries.

In GBS since 1937, 14 copies. grown from seeds obtained from the culture and from the expedition to the USA, as well as 18 specimens. seed and vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, 6 years height 2.3 m, crown diameter 150 cm plant grows from mid-April to early October. Grows quickly at a young age, then the growth rate is average. Blooms profusely, annually, from mid-May to early June, 16 days. Fruits in 4 years, the berries ripen in late July-early August. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination up to 80%. Easily propagated by summer cuttings in cold greenhouses without the use of growth stimulants. Rooted cuttings bloom the next year.

R.a. var chrysococcum Rydb. - S. h. golden-fruited. In GBS since 1967 1 copy. grown from seeds obtained from the culture, and 5 copies. seed reproduction GBS. Shrub, 11 years old, height 2.5 m, crown diameter 220 cm plant grows from mid-April to late September. Grows fast. Blossoms in the second half of May, 15 days. It bears fruit from the age of 6, the fruits ripen in early August. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination is high.

Photo left Pavlova Natalia
Photo on the right EDSR.

Naturally grows in the north-east of Siberia, the Far East. Floodplains of rivers, along rocky banks, in urem forests and along their edges. Protected in nature reserves.

Shrub up to 1-1.5 m tall, with 3-5-lobed leaves (13 x 10 cm), slightly bluish-green, glabrous on both sides, rarely pubescent along the veins below. The flowers are small, white, in loose 8-13-flowered racemes up to 8 cm long. Berries are black-blue with a wax coating, odorless, edible. Fruits profusely.

Very winter-hardy and therefore often used in breeding. Good on the edges and as undergrowth.

In GBS since 1952, 6 copies obtained by seeds from the culture, 6 copies brought by young plants from natural habitats of the Far East, 10 copies. seed and 11 - vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, 7 years height 1.3 m, crown diameter 100 cm plant grows from late March - early April to late September - early October. Grows moderately fast. Flowering and fruiting from 3 years. Blossoms in the second or third decade of May, abundantly, 15 days. The fruits ripen in mid-July. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination is 43-66%. The rooting rate of summer cuttings is up to 80%, young plants bloom the next year after rooting.

R. d. Fisch. x R. petiolare Douglas - S. d. x S. petiolate. In GBS since 1984 2 copies. brought from the Botanical Garden of Vilnius (Lithuania), as well as 1 copy. vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, at 7 years old, height 1.5 m, crown diameter 120 cm. Plant grows from mid-April to mid-September. Grows fast. Blossoms and fructifies very plentifully, annually, from 3 years. Blossoms in the second or third decade of May, 15 days. The fruits ripen in mid-July. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination is very low. It takes root in cold greenhouses with the treatment of 62% of cuttings with growth stimulants, blooms the next year after rooting.

It grows wild in the northern part of Western Europe, in European Russia, Siberia, Northern Mongolia and Northeast China. In deciduous forests on damp stony places. Tolerates some shade. Mesophyte. Protected in nature reserves.

Shrub up to 2 m tall, with smooth light yellow bark. Leaves 3-5-lobed, coarsely toothed, mostly glabrous, shiny, up to 5 cm in diameter. Flowers 5-10 in racemes up to 5 cm long, with reddish calyx and greenish petals. The berries are red, spherical, sour, edible.

Red currants wake up later than black currants. Small dark, pressed kidneys wake up at a higher air temperature (+ 9-10 ° C). But red currant blooms earlier. Buds and racemes appear first, and leaves unfurl later. Flowering begins in late May - early June and lasts an average of 12-20 days. In all varieties, it occurs almost simultaneously.
With early flowering in the absence of leaves, damage to the flowers by late spring frosts is possible, however, red currants in general suffer from the return of cold weather less than black currants.
In redcurrant, flower buds are laid not only on annual growth, but also on perennial, more durable than blackcurrant, fruit formations - the so-called bouquet twigs, up to 5 cm long. Especially a lot of bouquet branches are formed on well-lit and strong branches. Unlike black currant, red flower buds are not evenly distributed on the shoot, but are grouped in the zone of transition from one annual growth to another. This is the main reason why, when pruning, her annual shoots are never shortened.

Flowers in most varieties differ only in brightness and shades of yellow and green. The exceptions are some descendants of the rocky currant, with bright purple flowers and varieties descended from the red currant. The latter have yellow-green flowers with unusual red shading. Redcurrant bushes turn into "foamy lace" during flowering. As a rule, the strength of flowering indicates productivity.

Under favorable conditions, plants begin to bear fruit in the third year after planting and successfully bear fruit for 20 years or more, although the age of individual bushes can reach 40-50 years. Berries ripen two months after flowering.

The decorativeness of red currant depends not only on color, but also on the size of the berries and the length of the brush, which can be from 4 to 20 cm in different varieties (20 cm for the ‘ Detwan‘- ‘Detvan’). In the descendants of different species, the brushes also differ in direction. So, in red currant varieties, they are almost horizontal, in rocky ones they bend down in a wide arc, in ordinary ones they are drooping.

In GBS since 1966 8 copies. grown from seeds obtained from the culture. Shrub, at 8 years old, height 1.9 m, crown diameter 100 cm. Plant grows from late April to mid-September. It grows quite slowly. Blossoms and fructifies from 4 years, annually. Blooms from mid-May, 15 days. The fruits ripen in mid-July. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination 53%. 70% of summer cuttings take root.

According to the size of the fruits among the varieties of red currant, the descendants of the variety large-fruited(R. vulgare var. macrocarpum) - berries reach 1.5 cm in diameter. In shape, the fruits of the red currant are quite the same: rounded, slightly elongated or slightly flattened. But what a variety of colors! Berries can be transparent, almost colorless (‘ Bayana‘, ‘white fairy‘, ‘Smolyaninovskaya‘), yellowish (‘ Belyan‘, ‘Primus‘- ‘Primus’, ‘ dutch white‘- ‘Hollandische Weisse>, cream (‘ Versailles white«, ‘ Creamy‘, ‘Jüterborg‘—Weisse Yutarborgen’, ‘ Danish white‘-‘White Dutch>, pink, striped, light (‘ stanza‘ — ‘Stanza’, ‘ Transdanubian‘, ‘Cascade‘, ‘wilder‘- Wilder’) and bright red (‘ Red Lake‘ — ‘Red Lake’, ‘ Gazelle‘, ‘jonker-van-tets‘- ‘Yonkheervan lets’, ‘ Beloved‘, ‘Ron house‘- ‘Random’, ‘Firstborn’), cherry (‘ Natalie‘, ‘Marshall Prominent‘), almost black (‘ Red Viksne‘, ‘Varshevich‘). Particularly beautiful varieties with pink transparent berries (‘ Dutch pink‘-‘Hollandische rosa’, ‘ Rossoshanskaya') - "seeds are visible through and through."

The fruits ripen more or less simultaneously, starting with the largest berries. The berries may be even or greatly reduced in size from the base to the top of the brush. Due to the presence of early-ripening varieties, in which rhyods ripen simultaneously with strawberries (July 10-25), and late-ripening (July 30-August 10), the fruiting time is quite long. In most varieties of red currant, ripe berries do not crumble for a long time, without losing their taste until leaf fall. The taste is often even improved by increasing the sugar content. This advantage of red currant makes it possible not to rush to harvest and enjoy berries until late autumn.

Red currant leaf fall begins in early October and ends by the end of the month. Young leaves at the top of the shoots often fall off only after repeated frosts. Starting in September, varieties such as ‘ Konstantinovskaya‘, contribute to the golden decoration of autumn. Yellow leaves to the Cover are touched by a pink blush, the bushes become very elegant and can decorate any landscape.

Native to western North America. Mountains of the Pacific coast, on the rocks along the streams.

Shrub up to 2-3 m tall, with fragrant young shoots and leaves. Leaves 3-5-lobed, dark green, on pubescent, glandular petioles, slightly pubescent above, covered with whitish felt below. Flowers red, almost purple, in many-flowered, erect or drooping racemes. The fruits are black with a bluish bloom.

In GBS since 1952, 8 copies. grown from seeds obtained from the culture, there are 11 copies. vegetative and seed reproduction of GBS. Shrub, at 12 years old, height 1.4 m, crown diameter 140 cm. Plant grows from the first or second decade of April to mid-October. Grows fast. It blooms annually, from 3 years old, in the second or third decade of May, for more than 3 weeks. The fruits ripen from 5 years old, in mid-August. Winter hardiness is average. Seed germination up to 38%. Easily propagated by summer cuttings.

It has a number of decorative forms: dark red(f. atrorubens) - with dark purple-red flowers; bright(f. splendens) - with larger flowers of the same color as the previous form; dark(f. cameum) - with pink flowers; whitish(f. albescens) - with whitish flowers; terry(f. flore-plena) - with double red flowers; Brockdebanka(. Brocklebankii) - with yellow flowers. An interesting hybrid of blood-red currant and fragrant currant (R. sanguineum x R. odoratum) - Gordon's currant(R. x gordoniana Lem.)- with yellowish-red flowers in long racemes. This plant is not only very decorative, but also more frost-resistant than blood-red currant.

‘Atrorubens‘. Plants with dark blood red flowers. In GBS since 1967 2 copies. grown from seed. Shrub, at 11 years old, height 1.1 m, crown diameter 140 cm. It does not differ in development from plants of the main species. Fruiting non-annual, from 5 years. Winter hardiness is average.

‘carneum‘. The flowers are pale pink in color and larger than the species.
In GBS since 1957, 8 copies. grown from seeds and 5 copies. seed and vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, at 12 years old, height 1.1 m, crown diameter 110 cm. Grows moderately fast. Seasonal development occurs at the same time as that of the species. Blossoms at 3 years, bears fruit at 5 years. Winter hardiness is average. Seed germination up to 18%. 90% of cuttings take root.

Blood red currant is best planted in combination with forsythia, spring perennials and bulbs. This currant is also very beautiful in single, group plantings and in hedges. In Europe, it is often grown in standard form, grafted onto golden currants. When grafting blood-red currant into the crown of fragrant currant, you can even get a bush on which golden and red flowers will bloom in different tiers during the flowering period. The fruits are very unusual: black, with a bluish bloom.

This species is unpretentious, grows well and develops on fertile and moist soils, tolerates shading, but, unfortunately, is not very winter-hardy - it does not withstand the climate of St. Petersburg: flower buds often freeze slightly, and in especially severe winters shoots can be damaged above the level of snow cover. But when sheltered and under snow, it hibernates successfully.

Photo by Natalia Pavlova

Siberia, Far East, North Korea, Northeast China. Banks of streams, near springs, on stony soils covered with mosses, forest and peat bogs, among light forests.

Short (no more than 35 cm). Creeping shoots, leaves small, leathery, wrinkled, shiny. Plants can be used for planting in rockeries, along paths to create borders.
The brushes of this currant are very short. The flowers are saucer-shaped with a reddish tint, the berries are pear-shaped, rather large, thin-skinned, slightly transportable and of the most diverse colors: from white and pink to brown and almost black, juicy and very pleasant to the taste. It blooms profusely near Moscow and St. Petersburg, but sets fruits very weakly. In culture, this currant requires good loose, constantly moist soil and shading.

In GBS since 1958 8 copies. brought by plants from places of natural growth and 6 specimens. vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, at 3 years height 0.3 m. Plant grows from mid-April to late September. Grows slowly. Blossoms from 4 years old, non-annually, in the second or third decade of May, 17 days. It bears fruit from the age of 5, not every year and very weakly, the fruits ripen in mid-July. Winter hardiness is high. Seed germination 50%. Cuttings root easily without treatment with growth stimulants.

R.p. Pall, x R. petiolare Douglas . Shrub up to 0.8 m tall, has intermediate morphological features. The leaves are similar to R. procumbens. In culture, only in the gardens of the Baltic States - in Vilnius and Salaspils. In GBS since 1984 1 copy. brought from the botanical garden of Vilnius and 20 copies. reproductions of GBS, propagated in vitro. Vegetates from mid-April to late September. The growth rate is low. Blossoms from 5 years old, annually, in the second or third decade of May, 15 days. Fruits are tied annually, in a small amount, single ones ripen, the rest crumble. Ripening occurs in mid-July. Winter hardiness is high. Propagation methods other than in vitro have not been tested.

Often called "brook", as it grows in forests along rivers and streams in Primorye, North China and Korea. Edges and clearings of cedar-deciduous forests, in rocky gorges. Occurs as single specimens and small thickets. Protected in nature reserves.

Shrub up to 1.5-2 m tall, with dark gray, scaly bark. Leaves 3-5-lobed, up to 10 cm long, glabrous or slightly bristly above, with sparse hairs along the veins on the underside. Greenish flowers are collected 15-40 in dense racemes up to 10-12 cm long. The fruits are red, up to 0.8 cm, sour, astringent. It is used on the edges in forest parks. In culture since 1906.

In GBS since 1954, 15 copies. grown from seeds obtained from the culture, as well as from seeds and seedlings from natural habitats of the Far East and 10 specimens. seed and vegetative reproduction. Shrub, height 0.5 m in the first year, 0.7 m in 2 years, maximum height 1.7 m, crown diameter 180 cm. It grows rapidly at a young age, then slowly. Vegetates from mid-April to early September. Blossoms from 3 years, in the second or third decade of May, 14 days. Fruits in 5-6 years, the fruits are single, ripen in mid-August. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination 65%. 63% of cuttings take root in cold greenhouses with the use of growth stimulants.

Grows naturally in California.

Evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub up to 4 m tall. The shoots are covered with numerous, small, golden spines, giving the plants an original look. The leaves are leathery, from round to obovate, with a rounded or broadly cuneate apex, 3-5-lobed or crenate-toothed, smooth or glandular-hairy, up to 4 cm long. The flowers are bright red, with long filaments. On the Caucasian coast, it blooms from February to April, during this period it is very decorative. No less decorative and at the time of fruiting, decorated with abundant, red fruits.

The species is quite winter-hardy, but it is more likely to be found on the Caucasian coast than in the middle lane. Easily propagated by seeds and cuttings at any time of the year. Used in single plantings or in small groups near paths in southern Russia.

Photograph by Kirill Tkachenko

Sakhalin, South Kuriles, Japan. Damp forests and thickets of bushes, along the banks of rivers, among dark coniferous forests. In the mountains up to 1000 m above sea level. sea ​​and above. Shade-tolerant mesophyte.

Undersized, in many ways resembles a moss currant and is also well suited for alpine slides. In early spring, buds with large red scales look beautiful. But the main decorative value is the foliage. The leaves bloom very early - already in the second half of April. The Sakhalin currant has very fragrant fruits, but in the middle lane it rarely blooms and bears fruit.

In GBS since 1965 11 copies. brought by plants from natural habitats, there are also plants of GBS vegetative reproduction. Shrub, 9 years old, height 0.8 m, crown diameter 170 cm plant grows from early April to mid-September. The growth rate is average. It blooms and bears fruit from the age of 4 (plants of vegetative reproduction - from 3 years). Blossoms in the first or second decade of May, 16 days. The fruits ripen at the very beginning of July, annually, but not always abundantly. Winter hardiness I. Seed germination up to 35%. Summer cuttings take root well in greenhouses with heated soil and weakly in cold greenhouses.

It grows in the northern and middle parts of European Russia, Siberia and Central Asia. River banks, marshes. Stony placers and meadows, wet forests. Shade-tolerant mesohygrophyte. Protected in nature reserves.

Shrub up to 1.2 m tall, with pubescent, brownish shoots. Leaves 3-5-lobed, large, sharp-toothed, up to 15 cm, glabrous above, dark green, pubescent along the veins below, with a specific smell. The flowers are small, bell-shaped, lilac or pink-gray, in 5-10 flower racemes. Berries up to 1 cm in diameter, black-brown, with a characteristic smell and taste of nuts.

In GBS since 1945, 5 copies. grown from seeds obtained from natural habitats and culture, and 3 copies. seed reproduction GBS. Shrub, at the age of 13, height 1.7 m, crown diameter 210 cm. Plant grows from mid-April to September. The growth rate is average. Flowering and fruiting from 4 years. Blossoms in the second or third decade of May, 18 days. The fruits ripen at the end of July. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination up to 63%. Rooted 100% cuttings in warm greenhouses.

Blackcurrant is one of the first harbingers of spring. In the garden there is still snow in places, and on the lower branches, warming up from the dark earth, buds start to grow. Plants awaken in early to mid-April, already 2-3 days after positive average daily temperatures are established. Buds, very large and bright, with sticky, fragrant glands, are especially noticeable against the background of melting snow and black earth. In early ripe varieties (‘ dense cystic‘, ‘Dove Seedling‘, ‘Altai early‘) the buds begin to bloom right before our eyes, and when the unique currant aroma from the delicate green leaves mixes with the smell of the earth, you realize with surprise: life begins its new magical circle of transformations.

In the conditions of Central Russia, the flowering of blackcurrant usually begins in the second half of May. Very often it coincides with the flowering of bird cherry and takes place under extremely unfavorable conditions - strong winds and sudden changes in temperature. The duration of flowering (from 10 to 23 days) mainly depends on the average daily air temperature. In black currant, the varieties differ slightly from each other in the duration of flowering, only in early ripening this period is somewhat shorter.

The blackcurrant has inconspicuous, regular bell-shaped flowers with a double perianth and five petals collected in a brush. Sepals are most often reddish, rarely greenish. Petals with a yellow or green tinge. However, there are exceptions to the rules. For example, the sort ‘ Heiress' can compete with any ornamental shrub. Graceful white flowers with pink petals bent at the ends, as if fashioned from fragile, the finest porcelain, are unusually elegant against the background of delicate greenery.

The duration of flowering brush corresponds to its length. In European varieties of blackcurrant, the brushes are long. Sequential opening of flowers is very slow and sometimes takes up to three weeks. In the Siberian subspecies, the brushes are few-flowered, and therefore the duration of the blooming of flowers is only three to four days.

Black currant begins to bear fruit already in the second year after planting. From this moment, the productivity of the bush begins to grow. Blackcurrant usually enters full fruiting in the 5-6th year. The difference in ripening time between early and late varieties can be very large - from two to five weeks. Thus, the fruiting period lasts on average from early July to early August, and thanks to varieties such as ‘ Lazy person' And ' mysterious', it increases even more. However, in dry and hot weather, these periods are usually reduced. The most attractive varieties with large aligned berries (‘ Nestor Kozin‘, ‘summer resident‘, ‘Nara‘, ‘dove‘, ‘Binar‘).

Large ones are good in their own way, with a slight wax coating (‘ Dyagterevskaya‘, ‘Moscow‘, ‘dense cystic‘, ‘exotic‘) and bright, glossy, shiny berries (‘ Bagheera‘, ‘Vologda‘, ‘Dobrynya‘, ‘Sevchanka‘, ‘Vigorous‘). One of the most beautiful varieties in fruiting - ‘ Sofia' And ' Katyusha‘. At ‘Katyusha’, the berries have an unusual pear-shaped shape.

Due to the properties of the plant itself, blackcurrant is indispensable for a landscape architect: it grows quickly, is frost-resistant, and leaves fall late (especially in European varieties). These varieties are characterized by prolonged growth and often go under the snow with unfallen foliage. Blackcurrant is well suited for group, border, single plantings and medium-sized informal hedges. Varieties with a compact crown, resistant to powdery mildew, with dark green, glossy, dense leaves ('Delicacy', 'Neekdanchik', 'White') are distinguished by high decorativeness.

And besides, blackcurrant has numerous decorative forms, including split-leaved (‘Heterophylla’), variegated (‘Variegata’) and marbled (‘Marmorata’), with variegated leaves.

‘Marmorata‘. Low (up to 1 m tall) shrub with original marble-golden-variegated leaves. In GBS since 1967 4 copies. obtained from different botanical institutions, and 6 specimens. vegetative reproduction of GBS. Shrub, at 10 years old, height 1.5 m, crown diameter 130 cm. Plant grows from mid-April to mid-September. The growth rate is average. Blooms non-annually, from 4 years. The ties are falling apart. Well propagated by cuttings. Winter hardiness is average.

R. n. var. sibiricum E Wolf- S. h. Siberian. Shrub 1.5 m tall. Southern regions of Siberia, mountainous regions of Kazakhstan. In GBS since 1951, 7 copies. grown from seeds obtained from the culture, as well as 2 copies. vegetative and 6 copies. seed reproduction GBS. Shrub, at 9 years old, height 1.9 m, crown diameter 160 cm. Plant grows from mid-April to late September. The growth rate is average. Flowering and fruiting from 5 years. Blooms in the second or third decade of May, 2-3 weeks. The fruits ripen in mid-July. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination up to 70%. Cuttings root easily in warm and cold greenhouses.

It is extremely important to acquire seedlings only from healthy plants, since blackcurrant is easily affected by the currant bud mite, and the disease it causes - terry - can lead the plant to the most deplorable state. For this reason, seedlings in nurseries are sold only after appropriate verification.

Soil conditions and location . Blackcurrant can grow on different soils. But it is best suited for slightly acidic (pH about 6.5), very fertile, with good water-holding capacity and well-drained soil. In light soils, a large amount of organic fertilizers must be applied, and excessively acidic soils must be limed until the pH reaches 6.5.

A place should be chosen where cold air does not linger, and at the same time sheltered from strong winds that interfere with pollinating insects. Most varieties bloom in early spring and the flowers are extremely cold sensitive. In places where frost is possible, plant only late-flowering or frost-resistant varieties, and still cover the plants on cold nights. Blackcurrant tolerates partial shading, but prefers places open to the sun.

Soil preparation . In early autumn, remove all weeds and place an 8 cm layer of manure or compost over the entire intended area, or a 5 cm layer of peat with bone meal, 100 g per 1 m2. With a relatively clean area, simple digging is enough, but if it is heavily overgrown, it should be two-tiered. Apply complex mineral fertilizer.

Deployment and accommodation . It is desirable to plant biennial healthy seedlings, with at least three strong shoots. Plant in autumn or early spring, leaving 1.5 m between bushes in a row (1.8 for stronger varieties), and 1.8 m between rows. Dig a hole wide enough to fit straightened roots. For the development of a strong root system, the bush should be planted 5 cm deeper than in the nursery, which is easy to determine by the traces of soil on the stems. Backfill the hole and compress the soil.

Initial pruning . After planting, cut off all branches at a height of 5 cm above the soil level. This encourages the development of strong young shoots and a good root system, which will ensure a bountiful harvest in the future, although it means not harvesting the first summer. Cut branches can be used for propagation: they easily give roots, and they (2-3 cuttings together) can fill empty spaces in a row. After a low initial pruning, a young bush should give 3-4 strong shoots up to 0.5 m long.

Pruning the formed bush . Black currant gives the best berries on the growth of the previous year, although older branches also bear fruit. Pruning is carried out in early spring (in the southern regions of Russia - during the dormant period). The purpose of pruning is to stimulate the constant emergence of new strong shoots for fruiting in the next season. This is achieved by radical pruning to the very base of the bush, as well as abundant top dressing. It is very important to be able to distinguish young branches from old ones. This is not difficult, since the bark of young branches is noticeably lighter than that of three-year-olds. There is no need to limit the number of main branches, nor open the bush. However, a quarter to a third of old branches should be removed annually. Shorten the branch to a strong young lateral growth at its base or slightly higher. If there is no such increase, delete the entire branch. Remove all stunted, dry and diseased branches. Leave enough space between the bushes.

Feeding and watering . Blackcurrants require abundant organic fertilizer and high humidity in summer. Apply a full mineral fertilizer annually. In the spring, apply ammonium sulfate at a rate of 30 g per 1 m2. If the soil is acidic, it should be replaced with calcium ammonium nitrate. Then mulch with an 8cm layer of manure or compost around the bush.
In dry weather, water every ten days at the rate of 20 liters per 1 m2, but try not to get water on the branches to reduce the risk of fungal diseases. Watering promotes the growth of new shoots and the ripening of berries.

Weed control. The root system of the bushes does not lie deep, so do not dig in them, but destroy the weeds by surface loosening and hand weeding or using herbicides.

Pests and diseases. The most dangerous for blackcurrant are aphids, kidney and spider mites. Apply against aphids karbofos, against spider mites - keltan. Kidneys damaged by a kidney mite should be removed and burned. Destroy severely affected bushes. Of the diseases, terry, gooseberry powdery mildew, anthracnose and gray rot are the most troublesome. Powdery mildew can be controlled by treatment with iron sulphate and isophene; the latter also helps against spider mites. Against anthracnose, you can use Bordeaux liquid.

reproduction . Blackcurrant is propagated by lignified cuttings 20-25 cm long and as thick as a pencil. Make an oblique cut above the kidney at the top and a straight cut below the kidney at the base. Stick the cutting deep into light, well-drained soil so that only two buds remain above the surface, and press the soil around it. The distance between the cuttings should be 15 cm. At the end of the first growing season, dig up the cuttings that have given roots and plant them at a distance of 30 cm. Cut them so that a 2-3 cm high stump remains above the soil surface. Such a radical pruning will create a lush future bush.

It grows along the banks of rivers and streams, on forest edges, on Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, in Japan. A rare species in nature. Protected in nature reserves.

Shrub up to 1.5-2 m tall, with strongly and finely flaky bark. The leaves are thin, densely pubescent below, white-felt, sharp-toothed, 3-5-lobed, up to 15 cm wide, which slightly exceeds their length. The flowers are dark crimson, bell-shaped, in racemes up to 8 cm. The berries are red, sour, edible. In culture since 1901, it is of decorative interest in single and group plantings.

In GBS since 1975 12 copies. grown from seeds obtained from natural habitats, and 2 copies. seed reproduction GBS. Shrub, 7 years old, height 2.2 m, crown diameter 110-140 cm plant grows from mid-April to late September. Grows moderately fast, then slowly. Blossoms and bears fruit from the age of 4, annually, abundantly, in the second or third decade of May, 15 days. The fruits ripen at the end of July, not at the same time. Winter hardiness is complete. Seed germination is about 50%. Summer cuttings take root very poorly.

Cloudberry - Benefits of Northern Orange

The tundra berry with the gentle name "cloudberry" remains a mystery to many residents of our country - and some have never heard of it at all. But in the North, for several centuries, amber cloudberries have been held in high esteem - its beneficial properties and contraindications were known back in Tsarist Russia, and today preparations from it and the berry itself are one of the main tourist brands of the Scandinavian countries. So what is the unusual arctic berry famous for?

Fragrant Gold of the North

Moss currant, northern orange, swamp amber, arctic raspberry - all this is it, a modest cloudberry. The inhabitant of the coldest regions is a close relative of the popular raspberries and blackberries, so outwardly these berries are very similar.

Those who want to know what a cloudberry berry looks like - the photo will show small drupes of different shades: from pale orange and red to dark brown and amber. Many researchers call cloudberries “opposite berries” because they ripen so unusually. "Green" fruits have a bright red color, then turn pale and finally acquire a warm orange hue, similar to translucent amber. The berry also grows quite atypically - a dense carpet of a small, up to 30 cm, shrub with bright berries at the top.

You can meet cloudberries in the most difficult places - in peat bogs, in wetlands, and also in the tundra. Arctic raspberries are mined in late July-August, when all the traditional "summer" berries depart, and by the end of autumn, healing roots are harvested. Moss currant is very productive: from one swampy hectare you can collect up to 1000 kg of useful fragrant raw materials.

Despite its "cold" specialization, cloudberries are found in many regions of Russia and the world. Where does this berry grow? Most of the arctic raspberries are in the Tomsk and Arkhangelsk regions, the Komi Republic and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as in the Murmansk and Tyumen regions. Swamp amber is also collected in the Pskov, Novgorod, and Leningrad regions. Cloudberries grow abroad - Belarus, Finland and Canada are considered leaders in the collection and processing of arctic raspberries. So, in Finland, the image of the northern berry has been minted on 2 euro coins for 15 years, and every tourist who loves to drink, unfortunately, takes fragrant cloudberry liquor from Scandinavia.

Cloudberries - a storehouse of essential vitamins

Like many wild berries, a resident of the tundra boasts a solid set of vitamins: A, E, groups B and C, valuable elements: potassium, iron, copper, various acids and sugars. But the main value of the product is in the ratio of these substances. Thus, 100 grams of cloudberries contain four times more vitamin C than an average orange, and three times more than a carrot.

In northern countries, the amber berry has long been used as a remedy for scurvy and a powerful remedy for boosting immunity. In the cold season, cloudberries are especially valued - their beneficial properties will help with colds, sore throats and more delicate problems. Arctic raspberry has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect: it relieves fever during colds, treats diseases of the throat and inflammation of the genitourinary system, especially cystitis.

Fresh and processed, cloudberries are a great multivitamin cocktail for the winter: they will saturate the body with essential substances and help with recovery from both the common flu and more serious illnesses.

Arctic berry in folk medicine

Delicious and healing cloudberries are not accidentally recognized as a real treasure of the northern peoples - recipes from arctic raspberries are still actively used in folk medicine.

Solar berries have a powerful hemostatic effect, as well as diuretic and diaphoretic, which is especially important for colds. A decoction of the fruits of ripe cloudberries is recommended for indigestion, and as an adjuvant for hypertension and vascular problems - the spectrum of action of the northern medicine is so wide.

But cloudberries are famous not only for fragrant berries - Wikipedia describes the various medicinal properties of the leaves and roots of the northern miracle berry. An infusion of cloudberry leaves treats severe diarrhea, metabolic disorders, cystitis and gout, a decoction of arctic raspberry roots will help with malaria, kidney disease, and protracted colds.

When applied externally, swamp amber is also capable of working real miracles: the juice from ripe berries heals traces of tick bites and scabies, and the leaves perfectly draw pus from severe wounds and accelerate healing.

Cloudberry - are there any contraindications?

Despite all the wonderful properties of the berries of the north, cloudberries have a number of contraindications.

The main rule - before use, be sure to make sure that you are not allergic to arctic raspberries. You should not get involved in cloudberries with gastric ulcers and diseases of the duodenum, and with enterocolitis, amber berries are strictly prohibited.

Cloudberry in cosmetology

The unique chemical composition and various vitamins have long made bright cloudberries an active fighter for female beauty. In cosmetology, not only berry juice is used, but also cloudberry seed oil - today leading cosmetic companies produce separate lines based on the northern miracle berry.

Thanks to vitamins E and C, cloudberry products help to soothe irritated and dry skin, perfectly nourish, and remove tightness. The fatty acids in the composition of the arctic berry help to restore the protective barrier of the skin of the face, smooth out early wrinkles, restore firmness and elasticity to the skin of the hands, and hair - radiance and fresh color.

Secrets of use

In pre-revolutionary Russia, all kinds of dishes with cloudberries were regularly served at the royal table, and cloudberry kvass and tinctures were always found in taverns and taverns. Now many recipes are forgotten, but in vain - after all, fragrant cloudberries are equally tasty and fresh, and soaked, and dried. And how much can you cook from cloudberries! Jams, preserves, marshmallows, bright compotes, pies and cheesecakes…

Fresh cloudberries are stored for a short time - only two or three days, after which they begin to ferment. Therefore, in the very first days, the berries must be selected and processed. One of the simplest and oldest northern recipes is soaked cloudberries.

To prepare soaked cloudberries, you need a wooden tub and ripe, but not overripe, berries. We prepare the syrup in advance - about one glass of sugar per liter of water, if you like a sweet berry, or half a glass, if you want more sour cloudberries. Boil sugar syrup, then cool.

The container must be poured over with boiling water and carefully pour orange fruits into it. Fill the cloudberries with water, cover with a clean piece of cloth, on top - a wooden lid with a load. We clean it in the cellar or underground, after 3-4 months the cloudberry is ready.

Such a berry can be used for compotes and jelly, prepare fillings for pies or add to homemade yoghurts.

safeyourhealth.com

Theme of the week "Forest and garden berries"

Acquaintance with the outside world
1. Know 5 - 7 names of garden and 5 - 7 names of wild berries.

2. Know where the berries grow (in the garden, in the clearing, in the forest, in the swamp).
3. Know how a berry differs from a fruit. (A berry grows on a bush, a fruit grows on a tree. A berry has many small grains, a fruit has several or one large one.)
4. Exercise "Continue the sentence"
A lot of ... (cucumbers, carrots, ...) have grown in the garden.
In the forest we collect ... (blueberries, lingonberries, blueberries ...).
Growing in the garden ... (apple trees, pears ...).
5. Learn to explain proverbs.
Autumn is a reserve, and winter is a pick.
Prepare the sleigh in summer and the cart in winter.
6. What is superfluous and why.
Strawberry, currant, a tomato.
Blueberry, White mushroom, blueberry.
Cranberry, swamp, cranberries, blueberries.
Salt, cook sweep, marinate.
7. The game "What can you make jam from?"
From lingonberries, apples, currants, cherries, ... .
8. Reading, answering questions, retelling.
"Where the berry grows ».
Sour cranberries grow in the swamp. You can collect it in the spring, when the snow melts. Whoever has not seen how cranberries grow can walk on it and not see it. Blueberries are growing - you see them: next to a leaf of a berry. And there are so many of them that the place turns blue. Blueberry grows in a bush. Bone is also found in remote places - a red berry with a brush, a sour berry. The only berry we have is the cranberry, invisible from above.
Questions.
* How do cranberries grow?
*What other berries grow in the forest?
* How do they grow?
*Which berry is invisible from above?
9. "Treat a friend."
The child remembers his favorite dish, tells how he "made" it, and "treats" it to his neighbor. For example: “I picked lingonberries in the forest, cooked jam and treat you with lingonberry jam.”
10. Exercise "What kind of vegetables, fruits or berries can be"
Salt - ..., cook - ..., sour - ..., marinate - ..., scoop out - ....
11. Name the jam:
From cranberries - cranberries,
from blueberries - blueberries,
from raspberries - raspberry,
from cherry - cherry.
12.Answer:
What is more in the forest - berries or lingonberries? Why?

Speech development
1. Dictionary expansion.
Nouns. Strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blueberries, lingonberries, cranberries, wild strawberries, compote, jam, cloudberries, mountain ash, blueberries, stone fruits, syrup, marinade, pickles, jam, jelly, salad.
Verbs. Boil, cut, chop, ferment, preserve, salt, marinate, dry.
Adjectives. Salted, pickled, pickled, soaked, boiled, dried.
2. The game "Call it affectionately." Formation of nouns with diminutive suffixes.
Strawberries - strawberries
cranberry - cranberry,
blueberries - blueberries
raspberry - raspberry,
currant - currant,
gooseberry - gooseberry.
3. The game "What lies where?".
Models (pictures) of berries and fruits are laid out in different places ( on, under, in, around cabinet, chair, table, etc.). The child collects them and says what he found. At the same time, special attention is paid to the use of nouns with prepositions.
4. The game "One - many." Formation of plural nouns in the nominative and genitive cases.
Raspberries - raspberries - raspberries.
Strawberries - strawberries - strawberries.
Currant - currant - currant.
Rowan - rowan - rowan.
Strawberries - strawberries - strawberries.

Literacy education
1. Topic "Sound analysis of monosyllabic words without a confluence of consonants."
2. Exercise "Define the sound."
An adult invites the child to recognize the sounds (a, o, u, s, m, n, v, k) by soundless articulation.
3. "Come up with a word."
An adult offers a sound word scheme 6 blue, red, blue chips. The child characterizes the scheme and invents words according to it. (Bow, poppy, con, ...)
4. Exercise for the development of phonemic hearing.
An adult pronounces the words, the child, having heard a word with the sound "K", must raise his hand or clap his hands.
Words. Cat, horse, pony, tom, mole, bark, strawberry, etc.
5. Name the vowels in the word COWBERRY.
6. How many syllables are in the words COMPOTE, RASPBERRY, BLUEBERRY.
7. Sound dictation.
The adult dictates the words. The child makes a complete sound analysis of words; makes conditionally - graphic semes: replaces chips with letters.
8. Game "Read the words of different heights."
An adult invites the child to read the written words (to you, poppy).
V m A a M k
9. The game "Guess the word by the first sounds."
Pictures are laid out in three rows, which depict
MOM, STORK, CAT (poppy).
NIGHT, SHARK, CAR (to us).
CAT, AUTUMN, LEGS (con).
The child must name the pictures, identify the first sounds in words and guess which word is encrypted by adding these sounds.
10. Work on the proposal.
The child makes sentences with the word MAK and their conditionally - graphic schemes. Then analyzes each word of the sentence.

FEMP
1. Theme "Number 4. Number 4".
2. Fix the idea of ​​the composition of the number 4.
3. Visually demonstrate all the ways of forming the number 4:
*1 yes 1, 1 more, 1 more;
*2 yes 2;
*3 yes 1;
*1 yes 3.
4. Graphically depict the number 4.
5. Exercise "Break into groups."
The adult gives the child sets of geometric shapes. The child must break objects according to some specific feature (color, shape, size).
6. Exercise "Finish the pattern by continuing the pattern."
7. Game exercise "Name the extra picture."
The child must choose the odd one from the proposed pictures, be able to explain his choice.
8. Learn to make a mosaic pattern of geometric shapes.

Useful properties of currant

, along with delicious taste, is incredibly beneficial for the body. It is currants that are called a storehouse of vitamins. The berries of this unique plant contain provitamin A, essential vitamins B and P, as well as pectin substances that are important for the body, healthy sugars, phosphoric acid, carotene and essential oil. Currant leaves contain a large amount of magnesium, phytoncides, manganese, silver, sulfur, lead and copper.

About 20 berries are enough to meet the average daily requirement of an adult organism for ascorbic acid. The use of currants avoids problems with the cardiovascular system and, moreover, prevents cancer. In addition, these berries have been proven to have an amazing ability to prevent diabetes and maintain visual acuity for many years.

The leaves and berries of this plant are used to effectively treat diseases of the liver, kidney stones and respiratory tract. With atherosclerosis, the use of berries is simply an indispensable tool. It should also be noted that currants perfectly increase a person’s immunity and his resistance to colds.

Currant leaves. The leaves of the currant bush have a tonic and antiseptic properties due to the content of tannins and biologically active substances, vitamins and essential oils. The leaves of this shrub contain more vitamin C than its berries, so they are used for gout, gastritis, and also for cardiovascular ailments. Traditional medicine strongly recommends the use of decoctions for eye diseases and various diseases.

Currant berries are a combination of vitamins and various trace elements that give them unique healing properties. The acidity of currant fruits of various varieties can vary significantly. Berries contain malic, citric and oxalic acids. In addition, the fruits contain a large amount of fiber indispensable for the body. When the berries ripen, the level of sugar content rises, and the content of pectin substances decreases markedly. The presence of carotenoids in berries is very small, but they are rich in vitamin E.

Currant buds. This shrub is characterized by a uniform arrangement of buds. The currant bush has 3 types of buds - vegetative, dormant and flowering. Dormant specimens form at the base of the branches and germinate when the branches are damaged. Growth buds are laid in summer. Often there are mixed kidneys. They can develop as the beginnings of generative and vegetative organs.

The use of currants

Such a useful plant as currant has been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times. With an increase in body temperature, it is recommended to use fruit drinks, compotes and jelly from berries. Moreover, these drinks help to restore strength after a long or difficult illness. With effective juice from currants in combination with honey. Decoctions and infusions made from currant leaves have an incredibly wide spectrum of action. They are often used for treatment, as well as for diseases of the kidneys and such a vulnerable bladder. When assigned juice from red currant.

Currant juice. Excellent currant juice has unique healing properties. It has a tonic effect on the human body. Along with this, currant juice has hemostatic characteristics. The irreplaceable vitamin P, found in freshly squeezed juice, helps maintain the elasticity of blood vessels, and is also able to lower blood pressure, having a mild antispasmodic and anti-edematous effect.

With peptic ulcer and gastritis, this drink is very useful. It is also prescribed for serious diseases of the urinary tract. Thanks to vitamin C, currant juice facilitates the course of respiratory diseases, relieves, improving overall well-being.

Currant oil. Currant oil is obtained from the seeds of the fruit by known cold pressing. The resulting product resembles a viscous oily liquid that has a bright yellow color. The oil is rich in various fatty acids, including gamma-linolenic acid, which determines its high value in the field of pharmaceuticals and cosmetology. In addition, this product contains vitamin C, antioxidants and flavonoids.

Such nutrients endow currant oil with rejuvenating, regenerating, antitumor and anticancer properties. It should also be noted that currant oil helps to neutralize the action of free radicals. The antiviral effect of this agent is recommended for the effective prevention of serious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Currant recipes

It is no secret that currants have an incredible healing effect on gastritis, stomach ulcers, atherosclerosis, anemia, kidney disease, and also in cases of metabolic disorders.

Phytoncides contained in this beautiful shrub are surprisingly active against microscopic fungi, Staphylococcus aureus, pathogens of diphtheria and dysentery. An unsurpassed water infusion is able to increase the antimicrobial activity of penicillin, biomycin, tetracycline, and other well-known antibiotics by 10 times.

Delicious currant juice effectively destroys viruses such as A and B. It should be noted that preparations from the leaves, fruits and buds of the bush have a diaphoretic, diuretic, as well as antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects.

Currant decoction. Such a very effective remedy helps with bleeding gums, hypertension and other ailments. Baths from a decoction of the leaves of the plant are prescribed for all kinds of skin diseases. To prepare such an effective remedy, you need to take 2 tablespoons of berries per 200 grams of water and cook for 15 minutes over low heat in an ordinary enamel bowl, stirring thoroughly. This decoction will help people who have recently had the flu or acute respiratory infections. Take the remedy 2 tablespoons before meals 4 times a day. Such a course of treatment with currant broth is 3 weeks.

Currant infusion. This tool is designed to free the body from excess amounts of purine and uric acids. In addition, it can be used as a mild laxative. To prepare the infusion, take 50 grams of currant leaves, 50 grams of viburnum leaves and fill them with 1 liter of water. This tincture can also make lotions with. With tuberculosis of the lymphatic system, the following infusion can be made: 3 tablespoons of a mixture of crushed leaves must be poured into 500 mils of boiling water, insisted for 2 hours, then gently strained. A remedy is prescribed for 100 grams 4 times a day for 1 month. With anuria and kidney stones, you will need to pour 20 berries with two full glasses of boiling water, then insist in a thermos for at least 6-8 hours. it is recommended to take the remedy 1 tablespoon 6 times a day at regular intervals.

Currant tincture. For high-quality tincture, it is necessary to collect leaves and unblown buds of the presented shrub in dry weather in mid-spring. They should be thoroughly washed in a colander and then dried on a towel. Prepared raw materials must be tightly packed in a glass container and pour vodka. It will take one day to insist. After straining, the tincture is incredibly fragrant.

Currant varieties

Currant varieties are so diverse that they are subject to division according to biological characteristics and morphological characteristics that are directly related to the origin. Initially, species diversity can be divided into two significant groups - wild grouse and black currant. Depending on the origin itself, four main subgroups are represented: Siberian, European, hybrid and individual descendants of the wild grouse currant. Each species has rather pronounced signs of the original group, despite the ways of origin.

Red currants. Red currant is an excellent tool for quickly lowering blood pressure. The high content of coumarins prevents increased blood clotting, preventing heart attacks. It is this shrub that includes a substantial amount of pectin substances, due to which harmful substances are removed from the human body. Red currant berries can be called a natural anti-radiation agent.

Fruit drinks from these fruits perfectly quench thirst, are able to suppress the gag reflex, and also have amazing antiseptic properties. For expectant mothers with toxicosis, such a drink will help to significantly improve the condition. In diabetes mellitus, currant is used as a very effective remedy for a noticeable improvement in metabolism. Also, do not forget that the juice of berries increases efficiency, improves appetite and enhances the activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Currant black. Extraordinarily useful blackcurrant fruits are the most valuable natural sources of substances necessary for the body. The use of such a useful product has a vasodilating and antispasmodic effect, strengthens capillaries, and also boasts an anti-inflammatory and anti-sclerotic effect. Blackcurrant is often prescribed for migraines and pains of vascular origin. It contributes to the appearance of vivacity in the body, and also perfectly fights with overwork.

Since ancient times, in folk medicine, this shrub has been used to restore metabolism and normal bowel function. In addition, it has been proven that such currants reduce the risk of cancer. Fresh juice without sugar is surprisingly useful in inflammatory processes of the stomach, in colic, in diabetes and liver diseases. When you can gargle with diluted blackcurrant juice.

Contraindications to the use of currants

Due to the high content of unique phenolic compounds and vitamin K, the use of currants is contraindicated in thrombophlebitis. Also, do not take it with increased acidity of the stomach. In some children, currant juice can cause allergic reactions.

Expert editor: Kuzmina Vera Valerievna| Dietitian, endocrinologist

Education: Diploma of the Russian State Medical University N. I. Pirogov, specialty "Medicine" (2004). Residency at the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, diploma in Endocrinology (2006).

A stream of smoke carried silence,
The moon grieved in the sky.

The main thing is that I have You!
I silently pray to myself
I smoke and swear again.

The main thing is that I have You!

The main thing is that I have You!

I treasure the photo.
You laugh at her, I scream
I'll be back, there's no other way
Because I have you!
Again the campaign, and again we go,
We catch air like a horse's mouth.
Well, let there be a trap ahead.
The main thing is that I have You!

And you are there, there, where the currant grows,
And the birch sweeps sand with a thin twig.
And you are where spring is, and I am here where winter is...
The main thing is that I have You!

And you are there, there, where the currant grows,
And the birch sweeps sand with a thin twig.
And you are where spring is, and I am here where winter is...
But .. it's nothing, right?
A stream of smoke carried silence,
The moon grieved in the sky.
Well, let me - I'm not afraid of sadness.
The main thing is that I have You!
I silently pray to myself
I smoke and swear again.
It's a pity that only now I realized -
The main thing is that I have You!

And you are there, there, where the currant grows,
And the birch sweeps sand with a thin twig.
And you are where spring is, and I am here where winter is...
The main thing is that I have You!

I treasure the photo.
You laugh at her, I scream
I'll be back, there's no other way
Because I have you!
Again the campaign, and again we go,
We catch air like a horse's mouth.
Well, let there be a trap ahead.
The main thing is that I have You!

And you are there, there, where the currant grows,
And the birch sweeps sand with a thin twig.
And you are where spring is, and I am here where winter is...
The main thing is that I have You!

And you are there, there, where the currant grows,
And the birch sweeps sand with a thin twig.
And you are where spring is, and I am here where winter is...
But .. it's nothing, right?
The main thing is that I have You!