Gardens and orchards on small plots. Classic raised beds - islands

Plan and break country cottage area- this is a great creative process that will require you not only to have certain knowledge, but also to connect your own imagination. Wherein knowledgeable people it is recommended to follow the advice of specialists who will help to complete all the work, as a result, each square meter of the territory will be beneficial and delight with beauty and comfort every day. How the layout of the suburban area is carried out with our own hands, we will consider in detail step by step.

Preparatory work

Before proceeding with the preparation of a future site plan, it is necessary to determine the terrain itself, the nature of the relief, the forms land plot, the presence of any buildings, as well as other features of the area. For example, in countryside a large number of streams and reservoirs, if one is present on your site, then you can properly use it.

Pay attention to several features of the placement of the cottage:

• lowland - upland;
• the presence or absence of a water source;
• wooded area - steppe.

Quite often, you have to add or remove soil, make blind areas for walls, and also make organized drains. Only with proper placement of buildings on the site, it is possible to use the summer cottage to the maximum and select all zones.

To all preparatory work were performed correctly, it is best to assess the space and start from the ground.

1. Relief: hilly, flat, the presence of ravines or mountains. It is from this indicator that the schemes for laying engineering communications will depend.
2. Soil: clayey, humus, sandy. If you plan to equip a garden, then you should increase the fertility of the soil by fertilizing. The set of plants for the garden and flower beds will depend on the acidity index.
3. The shape and size of the territory: square, rectangular and elongated.
4. Ground water: when enough high level Consideration should also be given to drainage.
5. Climatic conditions.
6. Illumination.

All large buildings and trees are best oriented to the north side. This approach will reduce the influence of the shadow, and the view from the house will be as illuminated as possible throughout the day.

Zones on the territory of the cottage

The layout of the suburban area depends precisely on the zones that will be included here. Each individual case will have its own list, but you can consider the largest example and a list of zones:

• residential;
• recreation;
• outbuildings;
• garden.

Each of them should have its own area, depending on total area. Yes, at proper conduct zoning of the residential part should be up to 20%. If it is planned to build outbuildings, then this percentage should not exceed 15%. At the same time, the largest plot is allocated to the garden and the garden - 75%. This approach will diversify landscape design and fill it with a wide variety of varieties of flowers and plant species.

1. The house is placed first. Most often, the central zone is allocated for it, but the buildings are most often located somewhere in the depths. Interesting and original, they can be disguised with ornamental plantings who are not afraid of shadows.
2. A place to rest should be the most comfortable and best. In this case, the nature of the zone can be arranged or scattered. Here you should not forget about the place for the playground.
3. The garden should be well lit, so it has a sunny side. The shadow from the buildings should not obscure the area.

Plot shapes

Options for planning a summer cottage can be very diverse, but almost everything will depend on the shape of the land. The most common area type is rectangular shape, on which it is realistic to implement a wide variety of solutions and undertakings. There is also an L-shaped type of plot. It is quite complex, so here you will need to think and think about where and how to place everything. The part that protrudes can be used as a place for recreation or a playground.

On a triangular-shaped site, an asymmetric approach can be considered when planning and laying out the territory. Focus should be on round elements:

• lawns;
• reservoirs;

In remote corners, it is best to place outbuildings.

Planning is a creative business. Experts advise to consider the most variety of options, but do not copy them completely, but make some changes.

After they have been identified important points and studied various options planning, you need to sketch everything on a piece of paper. You can seek help from specialists, landscape designers who use special programs for project development. But to save money, an ordinary sheet of A4 paper and a pen (pencil) will be enough.

To sketch the plan, consider an example - a summer cottage of 10 acres. It is best if you take a scale of 1:100 and a sheet of drawing paper of the appropriate size - a square of 50 × 50 cm. For convenience, it is better to arm yourself with a pencil and a ruler to line the entire sheet into a grid in 1 cm increments. Next is a flight of fancy: arm yourself with colored pencils, clippings from magazines and felt-tip pens, with which you can create a real collage.

When working with the scheme, it is necessary to take into account:

• the location of the house, taking into account all exits;
• places reserved for utility and auxiliary buildings;
• rest zone;
• playground;
• tracks;
• fence;
• flower beds, rock gardens and front gardens;
• reservoirs;
• engineering Communication.

When placing objects in advance, you should select optimal location that will fit the purpose.

So, as already mentioned, the site should first place the main elements in the following categories:

• base - house;
• additional buildings and outbuildings: summer kitchen, garage, well, barn, cellar and others;
• recreation facilities: terrace, patio, gazebo, playground, swimming pool and outdoor shower;
• garden and vegetable garden: flower beds, front gardens, beds for vegetables and root crops, greenhouses.

It is important to pay attention not only to their placement and shape, but also to decide on the materials that will be used in construction. Only in this case, the site will be harmonious garden style. The playground is no less important: when choosing a place, you should choose the most visible area so that the kids are always under the visual control of their parents.

We also take into account the requirements in the legislation regarding the norms of distances:

• from the house to the red line of the street - 5 m;
• from the house to the neighbor's fence - 3 m;
• between houses made of stone - 6 m, wood - 15 m, mixed - 10 m;
• from the fence for the garden house - 3 m, buildings for animals - 4 m, outbuildings - 1 m, trees - 4 m;
• from the windows of the house to the household of the neighbor - 6 m.

At the end of the article are the most different examples finished projects suburban area plans. Check them out and draw your own conclusions.

Plot of 12 acres

The garden area of ​​12 acres will allow you to place large quantity objects and allocate additional space for recreation areas in comparison with the previous option. In this case, the layout will be distributed as follows:

• House with a spacious veranda - 150 m2.
• Household part 50 m 2 .
• Recreation area and playground - 200 m2.
• Garden and greenhouse - 200 m 2.
• Garden plot - 550 m 2.
• Paths and paths - 50 m 2.

The principle of placement of buildings will be similar to the option of a plot of 6 acres, but in this case it appears additional opportunity for the implementation of various ideas for landscaping. So, a large number of not only fruit trees and shrubs, but also decorative ones are connected. They can be planted around each object, as well as along the paths.

In addition, additional square meters allocated to the recreation area, will allow you to build a gazebo, swimming pool, barbecue. It's important to think about it here. decorative lighting, which will make it possible to spend time in the evening.

Plot of 15 acres

First of all, we note that 15 acres is as much as 1500 m 2 of free territory, on which a wide variety of landscape combinations can be realized. Most often, the site has the shape of a rectangle 30 × 50 m, or 25 × 60 m. There is enough space to include everything necessary for a comfortable and functional living not only in summer, but also in winter.

1. Residential building with an attic and a veranda - 200 m 2.
2. Summer kitchen - 30 m 2.
3. Guest house - 50 m 2.
4. Bath - 50 m 2.
5. Outbuildings - 70 m 2.
6. Garage with car access - 30 m 2 .
7. The recreation area includes a gazebo, a playground, a barbecue and picnic area, as well as benches around the territory - 300 m 2.
8. Decorative structures (fountain, artificial or natural reservoir, garden bridge, stone sculptures) - 100 m 2.
9. Garden - 200 m 2.
10. Flowerbeds and mixborders - 70 m 2.
11. Garden - 400 m2.

There are no special recommendations for such a site, so pay attention to the first and second options. Everyone will be able to implement any idea here, and even more than one - it is enough to rationally weigh and develop everything so that everything fits and harmonizes very well with each other.

A country house should be surrounded by greenery, so this stage is given a lot of time and effort. A large number of flower beds are planned and laid out, and a large front garden is being built in front of the house.

At self-development the plan of your summer cottage, you need to take into account many nuances and points that will help you do all the work correctly and rationally. Take note of the recommendations and tips in the article, and also check out the sketches of site plans. As a result, it will be possible to create a summer cottage of your dreams, where it will be comfortable to spend all seasons, regardless of weather conditions.

Video

Lot useful tips given in the following video:

Scheme

As for the layout, in principle there are no special restrictions here. Fruit trees and berries can be placed apart and mixed or thicken one culture by another. Nevertheless, with separate planting, it is easier to carry out various activities for the destruction of pests and feeding trees.

Compact plantings allow the most complete use of the usable area of ​​the garden. To do this, trees of the same species, grafted on dwarf rootstocks, or cherry trees are planted between apple and pear trees. In young gardens, berry bushes, strawberries, vegetable crops. It is not necessary to plant high-stemmed crops in these aisles - tobacco, sunflower, corn. It is also not recommended to plant in the aisles. raspberries and blackberries: they litter the area with their offspring.

As a rule, fruit and berry crops are placed in gardens in straight rows.

Rows of apple and pear trees, and in the southern regions also apricots and cherries, are located at a distance of 6 m from each other, and there should be a distance of 8 m between trees in a row. With such distances, it is advisable to plant one cherry tree between two adjacent trees in a row, peach, quince, apple and pear grafted on dwarf rootstocks. If you plan to plant only berry or vegetable crops between rows, then the distance between trees in a row can be reduced to 6 m.

In the central and northeastern regions, plum and cherry are planted according to the 4x3 m scheme (4 m between rows and 3 m in a row), and in the southern regions 6x4 m. Peaches and quince are planted in separate plantings according to the 4x3 m scheme, and grapes - 2, 5x1.5 m.

The distances between buildings and trees should be at least 5-6 m and from the borders of the neighboring plot at least half the width of the aisle allotted for this crop. It is best to occupy the area along the border of the garden with neighboring plots with berry bushes. Usually, raspberries are planted to one border, and currants and gooseberries are planted to the other, retreating from the fence by 1 m.

When planting berry bushes, the following distances in rows are left: for raspberries - 0.75 m, for gooseberries and currants - 1.25 m each. If berries are planted in several rows, then the distances between rows are left: for raspberries - 1 m, for currants and gooseberries - 1.5 m each.

Before the trees begin to bear fruit, you can use the aisle for planting vegetables, potatoes, sometimes strawberries, currants and gooseberries. In the aisles, sowing and planting of raspberries, blackberries, tobacco, sunflowers, and corn is not allowed. These plants have a negative effect on fruit trees. Trunk circles cannot be occupied by inter-row crops.

As the trees grow, the number of vegetable crops will steadily decrease. Aisles of apple trees can be used for 10-15 years, cherries and plums - 7-8 years.

In northern and western regions Russia is not recommended to plant more than 2-3 pear seedlings, as this crop is the least adapted to the harsh winter conditions. When choosing varieties and the number of apple seedlings, it must be borne in mind that it is better to plant an equal number of summer, winter and autumn varieties to extend the picking time for fresh fruit. A feature of this crop is that it needs cross-pollination for fruiting, therefore, when laying a garden, it is necessary to plant pollinating varieties.

Remember that the yield does not depend on the number of trees. One well-groomed tree yields more than 4-5 neglected ones. Almost all garden plants very photophilous, they grow well, bloom and bear fruit only in areas open to light. Shading oppresses them, sharply reduces the yield and its quality. For this reason, close proximity of fruit trees and shrubs with tall forest and ornamental trees should not be allowed.

It is necessary to think carefully about the placement of all plantations in order to prevent gradual thickening and shading of both the entire area as a whole and each plant on it. It is necessary to draw up on paper an exact plan of the site on a scale of 1:50 or 1:100, that is, 1 cm on the plan is equal to 0.5 or 1 m on the site, and depict there the landing sites and projections of the full-grown crowns of all trees and bushes, the location of buildings, tracks. This is the only way to correctly calculate the number of trees and bushes, place them, find the area and shape of flower beds and beds.

By placing plantings on the site, each gardener can show his imagination and invention, but the experience of amateur gardeners has already given reasonable and clear answers and solutions to a number of issues. For example, fruit trees and berry bushes should not be planted nearby. Currants, gooseberries and especially raspberries should be planted further from apple trees, and the latter should be planted separately from cherries and plums. Gooseberry bushes should not be planted next to blackcurrant bushes (sulfur preparations used in the fight against currant bud mites cause gooseberry leaves to fall off). Tall trees should not take light from undersized and shrubs. On the site you must have good track with a hard coating up to 1 m wide. Your plantings should not interfere with neighboring areas and shade them.

By the way

1. The apple tree gets along with pears, cherries, plums, quince, apple trees and does not tolerate proximity to cherries, viburnum, golden currants, barberries, lilacs, and mock oranges.
2. A pear will grow well next to an apple tree, red rowan, pear.
3. Cherry, plum, golden currant, viburnum, rose, lilac, mock orange, barberry oppress the pear.
4. A plum gets along with an apple tree and a plum, but not with a pear.
5. For cherries, apple, grapes and cherries will be suitable neighbors.
6. Potatoes growing in the aisles of apple trees literally poison the soil and, in fact, the life of apple trees. And so seriously that the taste of fruits worsens and their development is disturbed.
7. The fact that the smell of cabbage has a bad effect on grapes was already known in antiquity.

Important for the further growth and fruiting of trees are the timing of planting. Landing can be carried out approximately from April 20 to May 10 and from September 20 to October 20. However, it should be borne in mind that our country is large and in different regions winter comes sooner and later. Therefore, it is important to remember that tree planting is carried out only 20-25 days before the onset of frost.

In the spring, it is better to plant crops such as cherries and plums. Berries, on the contrary, are recommended to be planted in autumn, as their buds begin to swell even during the snowmelt period.

Many amateur gardeners are fond of planting mature trees 5-10 years old. Of course, this can be done if mature tree transplanted with a clod of earth weighing 3-4 tons. Transplanting such trees requires high costs labor and funds. And this is not for everyone. If an adult tree is transplanted without a coma, with short-cut roots, this will be of little use; it will not develop normally for a number of years and will not outstrip the trees planted with 2-3-year-old seedlings.

The younger the seedling, the easier it is to plant and the sooner and better it takes root.

Before landing, carefully inspect planting material. An apple and pear seedling at the age of 2-3 years has at least three strong shoots 60-70 cm long. The seedling must have a guide (leading shoot). On examination, attention should be paid to root system. It should be fibrous. Average length roots - up to 40 cm. The trunk of the seedling should not have mechanical damage. Before planting, the leaves are removed, which greatly reduces the risk of drying out the roots. The roots of seedlings are carefully examined and parts of diseased, dried, broken and damaged roots are cut out with a sharp garden knife when digging up plants from the nursery. The ends of healthy roots are trimmed (cut) very little. The longer the roots and the more branched they are, the better seedlings take root and develop further.

Each of the branches of the seedling crown is shortened by one third of the length. When shortening the branches, they should be cut to the so-called external (external) kidney. In this case side shoots will develop to the sides and will not thicken the crown of the tree. Branches can be cut before planting, as well as after it.

Once the garden is planted, it will be quite difficult to till the soil, so to simplify this task, planting holes are dug before planting trees. The soil is taken out, enriched nutrients and return to their original position. On medium-fertile soils, pits are dug 60 cm deep for apple and pear trees, 40 cm for cherries and plums, and 35 cm for berries. In soils with a shallow aquifer, the planting pit should be wide, but shallow. In insufficiently fertile soils, the pits are made wide, but at the same time deep.

If planting seedlings is planned for autumn, then it is better to dig planting holes 2-3 months before. For spring planting soil is prepared in autumn. Such compliance with the deadlines is necessary so that all acidic compounds that worsen the survival rate of seedlings have time to break down in the soil. Pits dug in heavy soils are sprinkled with well-fertilized soil for the winter in order to prevent them from being flooded with water.

Before you start digging holes, the plot intended for the garden is marked with stakes in the places where the trees will be located. To create an even row of seedlings, you can use landing board 2.0 m long, 12-15 cm wide and 2-3 cm thick. In the center of the board there should be a triangular cutout 4 cm deep. The same cutouts are made at the ends of the board, departing from the middle cutout by 75 cm.

For the correct and uniform development of the roots, it is necessary to dig holes with sheer walls. The pits are filled only with arable soil, fertilizers may not be applied. If there is not enough soil to fill, then it is taken from the top layer of row spacing. Low-value soil taken from the lower layer is used to level the site. The topsoil is thoroughly mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers: 8 buckets of compost or 4 buckets of humus, peat with 0.5 kg of superphosphate or 1 kg of wood ash. Manure cannot be used for these purposes, since, decomposing without air, it gives various acidic compounds that have a detrimental effect on plants.

If the soil is clayey, then clay can be poured into the bottom of the pit with a layer of 5-8 cm. autumn planting use compost made of clay and silt with manure. The ratio of components is 1 part clay and 3 parts manure. To speed up the overheating of the compost, a small amount of lime is added to the mixture, approximately 2-3% of the total mass. Compost is brought into the pit in three layers, sprinkled with soil mixed with fertilizers. Composting in this way prevents minerals from being washed out of the soil.

The seedling is placed in a hole so that the root neck is 4-5 cm above the soil level. When filling the soil, you need to make sure that it fills all the voids between the roots. After that, the earth is compacted. The tree must be planted so firmly that considerable effort is required to pull it out. To prevent the tree from swaying in the wind, it is tied with soft wire to stakes. It is not recommended to pull the wire, because as the soil settles, the tree itself will also fall. A hole is made next to the trunk, where 2-3 buckets of water are poured. When the water is absorbed, the hole is sprinkled with humus or peat.

Before the first autumn frosts, the root system is insulated with soil, laying it in a mound 20-30 cm high. After the snow melts, the earth is raked and tied with roofing paper or juniper branches to protect the trunk from damage by rodents.

With the acquisition of a land plot, the owner has to deal with the zoning of the territory. Now there are many specialists in this field who, with the help of professional techniques, can create beauty. The layout of the garden can be done independently, if you familiarize yourself with the features of this work. After all, on the site you can plant not only trees, but also shrubs, vegetables. More information about the design of the territory is described in the article.

Training

The garden should be located in the open sun on a site with a high presence of groundwater. It should not be laid in a lowland, where cold air and water will flow during the spring flood.

After external examination area, the following activities should be planned:

1. Cleaning the territory from old stumps, wild shrubs, stones, other debris.
2. The area needs to be dug deep.
3. Needs to be watered for weeds to emerge. After germination, you need to perform deep cultivation and level the site.
4. In parallel, you need to give the soil to the laboratory to determine the physical condition and type of soil, chemical composition. This is required for further care: the use of fertilizers, irrigation, and other agrotechnical procedures.
5. Based on the results of the analysis, it is necessary to enter under autumn processing necessary doses of fertilizers and other ameliorative components. Without these data, fertilizer is undesirable.

What is important to consider before planning?

Before planning a garden, you need to take into account some of the nuances:

1. What area can be allocated for orchard. Trees with spreading crowns need a distance of 4 square meters. m.
2. Terrain relief. For orchard a flat area or a gentle slope is suitable, there is cold air in the pits, a lot of moisture, these territories are unfavorable for fruit trees.
3. Analysis of soils of the territory. fruit crops have a strong root system fertile soils to provide good food. For garden area rocky, clayey, sandy soil is not suitable. The proximity of groundwater has a negative effect on the growth of trees.
4. The presence of light and heat. fruit trees need required amount light and heat, as in the shade their growth slows down. Terrain with strong winds will not be entirely suitable, as it interferes with proper pollination, dries out the ground, damages crops and breaks branches. Partial protection against it is a high fence or green spaces.

Layout features

Garden planning begins with paper diagrams. If there is a house on the territory, planning should be carried out from it. A diagram of the site, the contours of the object and other buildings, as well as places where there are trees are applied to the paper. This area is protected by trees planted around.

If the land is not built up, a site for building a house is applied to the scheme. The layout of the garden suggests the presence of a front garden. Housing should face the street, in front of it is located part of the land for the front garden. Its size is determined by the area of ​​the territory.

On a small front garden, you need to plant flowers, berry bushes, on a large one - decorative and fruit trees, flowers. Large fruit plants- apple trees, pears - it is desirable to plant in the north-eastern part. Between them should be cherries and plums.

Plan

In order to have the correct layout of the garden and vegetable garden, you need to create sketches of the site. In the plan, you need to indicate the buildings, the approximate location of the remaining objects. It is necessary to mark the holes for planting bushes and trees. They should be planted at a distance so that they do not shade as they grow.

Closely spaced bushes and trees do not grow well, moreover, this leads to diseases. horticultural crops. Fruit trees have a powerful root system, it should develop freely. If there are wild bushes, stumps that should be uprooted on the territory, all work must be done and burned wood residues. The ash must be left in a dry place, it will be required to obtain fertile beds.

The layout of the garden on the site should be such that the trees do not obscure neighboring plots. Today, beds are fashionable original form, for example, pizza garden. In this case, the rest are located in the center from the round beds in the center. Raspberries, blackberries, berry bushes that bear fruit and shade are planted near the boundaries of the site.

What crops to choose?

When planning an orchard, you need to decide on the types of plants. It is necessary to choose trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in the area. For the middle lane, pears, apple trees, plums, cherry plums, and cherries are selected. Cherries and apricots grow better in warm regions.

From berry bushes, you can choose currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. Planning a garden on 10 acres is much easier than with large area. At small plot shrubs are preferably located around the perimeter. On vegetable beds, it is necessary to plant crops that grow close to each other: cabbage, cucumbers, peas.

Popular types of layout

The garden planning project will create original plot. There are currently 4 designs available:

1. Rectilinear. This option is not only beautiful, but also simple. This arrangement allows you to restore order on the site. This type of design allows you to get the effect of reducing space.
2. Circular arrangement. To get it, you need skills in landscape design. This design will allow you to create an orchard and flower beds, and it is more difficult to use it for a vegetable garden.
3. Diagonal. In this way, you can arrange a garden plot of 15 acres and above. With the help of a diagonal orientation, a visual volume is obtained. It allows you to arrange the location of different areas.
4. Creative option. There are no specific rules here. Usually it contains elements of other types. It is used for areas with a special configuration.

Each layout option is original in its own way. Before implementing the project, it is necessary to draw it on paper. If land is purchased with some buildings and plantings that you do not want to remove, then they must be marked first.

Communications

The layout of a personal plot, garden, orchard is not complete without communications equipment. Systems facilitate the operation and maintenance of the territory, improve functionality. They will create additional conditions.

For organization garden plot drainage systems, sewerage, organization of the passage of the gas pipeline and water supply are required. A well, septic tank or well is also required. These engineering objects must be located at a sufficient distance from each other. There must be a street lighting system. Electrical wiring must be carried out at a depth of 70 cm. Laying should be done before planting plants and arranging garden paths.

Recreation area

If the territory has been divided into an orchard, it is necessary to determine a place to rest. Even on small area you can place a modest, but harmoniously inscribed gazebo. It should be beautiful and comfortable. On the large territories it will be possible to create a summer kitchen, a swimming pool, an observation deck and so on.

The list of ideas is limited only by the possibilities of the area and the desire of the owner. But in any case, the recreation area should be in a comfortable place, not interfere with other areas. It is preferable to remove it from economic blocks and communications.

Planting hole preparation

layout small garden and large area involves proper planting. And this must be done according to certain rules. The garden should be planted in the fall. It is necessary to dig a planting hole according to the scheme, prepare fertilizers for the soil.

The pit will be of approximate size, since the final version is set on the size of the root system, which depends on the age of the seedling. The approximate size of the pit is 60x60 if the seedlings are 2-year-old, and for 3-year-olds it can be increased to 70x80 cm.

Soil preparation

Near each hole should be mixed upper layer soil with humus and peat. In the spring, before planting, 1 glass of wood ash and slaked lime and 200 g of nitrophoska are added to the mixture. Everything should be thoroughly mixed. Seedlings must be purchased from trusted manufacturers.

Acquisition and preparation of seedlings

Landing must be done in the spring. During the growing season, seedlings grow stronger. Young trees get used to a new location during the warm period. You should not buy seedlings from unfamiliar sellers. It is advisable to do this in farms that are engaged in their cultivation. Then it is more likely that a zoned variety will be purchased. It is necessary to inspect the acquired seedling. You should not take it if it has dry roots, a crooked trunk, cracks in the bark.

Landing

There are rules for planting seedlings. 1-2 days before that, they must be soaked in horse wine or another growth stimulant. Then you need to prepare a container of clay talker with root, planriz or phytosporin. Other biofungicides used for tank mixes are also suitable.

2-3 weeks before planting, you need to fill up part of the soil mixture with a cone in a hole. During this time, the cone will settle and the seedling will be correctly placed in the hole. It must be dipped into a mash, inserted into a hole, straightened the root so that there are no creases. 2/3 of the hole is filled with soil mixture.

It is necessary to fill a bucket of water. After soaking, you need to fill in the rest of the soil mixture or soil. You should drive a stake and fix the seedling with a figure eight to the support. A loose seedling will break off small roots.

The subtleties of landing

During planting, you need to check the correct depth of the root collar. With deepening, the tree dries out after 5-10 years. With light sandy soils, it is advisable to deepen the root neck a little into the soil - by 10 cm. For seedlings that form roots or shoots, deepening will not interfere with the proper development of the plant. Such cultures quickly rebuild the root system.

In self-rooted seedlings, the root collar should be in the area landing pit or 2-3 cm higher. And in the vaccinated, the grafting site is 4-8 cm above the root collar. Beginning gardeners often confuse these places. It is necessary to pay attention to planting, because with errors the tree quickly dies.

If the root neck is correctly determined and the seedling is planted so that it is 4-5 cm above the soil, then the tree is planted correctly. It is necessary to compact the kidney near the landing. At a distance from the trunk with a radius of 30-50 cm, you need to make a roller 5-7 cm high and pour 2-3 buckets of water.

The root neck should be 2-3 cm higher than the soil. If necessary, you can add soil after watering and mulch with a layer of fine mulch. If live seedlings are purchased and the planting is carried out correctly, then after 2-3 weeks the first leaves will appear.

Definition of the root collar

1. In a young seedling with a damp cloth, you need to wipe the lower region of the trunk and root. The root neck can be established by the transition from greenish to light brown.
2. In adult seedlings (3-4 years old) you need to wipe wet rag the lower region of the trunk and, after drying, scrape off the bark with a knife. If in the expansion area the shade of the subcortical layer is green, then this is the stem, and if it is yellowish, then the root part. The place of color transition is considered to be the root collar.
3. In some seedlings, the place of departure from the trunk of the upper lateral roots is clearly visible. This will be the root collar.

What is forbidden to do when landing?

1. Apply semi-rotted manure, only humus with soil.
2. Water often a small amount water. This dries out the soil.
3. Use cold water for irrigation.
4. Fertilize the plants the first year.
5. After planting, mulch the near-stem area.

What do you need to do when landing?

1. Seedlings should be whitewashed with a solution of chalk with clay, biological products from diseases and pests.
2. Insulate the target with burlap, paper, lutrasil.
3. The netting will protect the trunk from rodents.
4. After a snowfall, trample down the snow near the trunk.

Thus, the layout of the garden involves competent zoning of the territory. It should have trees, shrubs, an area for recreation. Also needed proper fit plants in compliance with all regulations. Then it will turn out beautiful garden created according to the rules of landscape design.

Gardeners in Russia and neighboring countries grow cabbage with pleasure and quite successfully. But the "set" is usually limited to varieties white cabbage different term ripening, broccoli and cauliflower. Meanwhile, we already have popular types of cabbage that ripen earlier, and bring less trouble when growing. In this article, we bring to your attention 5 types of cabbage that you may not have heard of yet, but which are definitely worth growing.

The long-awaited April does not always bring pleasant surprises with the weather. But sooner or later, all work in ornamental garden will start in April. From simple household chores and clearing plant debris, cutting dry curtains and mulching the soil to laying new flower beds, you will have to take care of a lot. Landings come to the fore in April. Bushes, trees, creepers should be planted this month. But do not forget about the care of seedlings.

Among the variety of tomato varieties, as a rule, only two groups are distinguished: indeterminate and determinant. But the tomato world is divided into more diverse “clans”, which are not only interesting to know about, but also useful. Tomatoes are divided according to the method of cultivation, by ripening time, by leaf shape, by fruit shape, by size, by color ... Today I want to talk about the varieties that form the most colorful group under beautiful name"Bi-color" (Bi-Colour).

Charming April, with its delicate flowering and the first dazzling greenery, is a very capricious and changeable month. Sometimes he unpleasantly surprises with a winter atmosphere, and sometimes pleases with unexpected warmth. In April, work starts on the beds, and a full season begins in the greenhouse. Sowing and planting in open ground should not interfere with the care of seedlings, because the quality of the crop depends on its quality. Moon calendar useful plants especially favorable at the beginning of the month.

Spring sanitary pruning allows you to shape beautiful crown, stimulates the formation high yield. Trees easily tolerate it, recovery is very fast, wounds heal well. The main goal is the formation of the crown, the removal of broken and dried branches during the winter. Winter pruning is especially necessary in the first four years after planting, when skeletal branches are laid. Optimal time spring pruning from the beginning of winter to the beginning of spring.

extreme sensitivity to low temperatures makes zinnias flyers, which are usually grown through seedlings. But on the other hand, in sowing, and growing young zinnias, there is nothing complicated. It is hardy and does not require special care plants that are easy to grow from seed. And if you collect more own seeds, then you get one of the most “economical” flyers in your collection. Bright baskets of inflorescences color the garden with a special cheerful canvas.

Presented on the domestic market a large assortment cucumber hybrid seeds. Which varieties to choose to get the maximum yield? We defined the best hybrids, according to buyers of seeds "Agrosuccess". They were Meringue, Zozulya, Masha and Director. In this article, we will tell you about their advantages. Since absolutely all hybrids of cucumbers do not have flaws: they do not turn yellow, they have many ovaries, the fruits are not large, they are resistant to diseases.

Eggplant - tall upright plants with wide leaves of dark green color and large fruits - create a special mood in the beds. And in the kitchen, they are a popular product for a wide variety of dishes: eggplants are fried, stewed and canned. Of course, to grow a decent crop in middle lane and to the north is not an easy task. But subject to the agrotechnical rules of cultivation, it is quite accessible even to beginners. Especially if you grow eggplant in a greenhouse.

Lenten charlotte with apples and cinnamon on vegetable cream - a simple pie that is suitable for fasting people, this pastry can also be included in vegetarian menu. There are situations when dairy products need to be replaced with vegetable ones, then vegetable cream prepared on the basis of vegetable fats comes to the aid of housewives. The taste of cream goes well with apples and cinnamon, the baking powder makes the dough fluffy and airy, the cake is simply delicious.

Buying a blooming orchid, lovers exotic plants they wonder - will it bloom just as well at home and is it worth waiting for it to bloom again? Everything will be - and grow, and bloom, and delight for many years, but on one condition. As for any indoor plants, for an orchid, initially you need to try to create conditions acceptable for growth and development. Sufficient lighting, humidity and air temperature, a special substrate are the main points.

noble lush greenery, unpretentiousness, the ability to purify the air from dust and pathogens make nephrolepis one of the most popular indoor ferns. There are many types of nephrolepis, but any of them can become a real decoration of the room, and it doesn’t matter if it’s an apartment, Vacation home or office. But only healthy well-groomed plants can decorate the room, so the creation suitable conditions and proper care- the main task of flower growers.

The right herring under a fur coat - layers in turn, the order of which depends on the taste of the dish. It is important not only to put the fish and vegetables in a certain sequence. Great importance has also the preparation of products. Never boil vegetables for this snack the day before, they will lose some of their taste in the refrigerator overnight, they will become insipid. Boil vegetables 2-3 hours before cooking and cool them until room temperature. You can also bake carrots, beets and potatoes in the oven in foil.

In the garden first-aid kit of experienced gardeners, there is always crystalline iron sulfate, or ferrous sulfate. Like many others chemicals, it has properties that protect horticultural crops from numerous diseases and insect pests. In this article, we will talk about the features of using iron sulphate for the treatment of garden plants from diseases and pests and other options for its use on the site.

Many people cannot imagine their diet without ripe tasty tomatoes. Moreover, the variety of varieties allows you to choose the one that is most to your taste. There are varieties that are called salad, that is, it is better to use them in fresh. These include the Honey tomato, whose name speaks for itself. In 2007, the Honey variety was included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. "Agrosuccess" offers seeds from the best breeders in the world that have passed additional testing

Retaining walls are the main tool for working with complex terrain on the site. With their help, they not only create terraces or play with planes and alignment, but also emphasize the beauty of the landscape of rockeries, the change in height, the style of the garden, its character. Retaining walls allow you to play with raised and lowered platforms and hidden areas. Modern dry or more solid walls help to turn the disadvantages of the garden into its main advantages.

garden planning- great art. With a sensible approach, you can count on good harvest. I suggest you step by step instructions garden planning. Following simple advice, even a beginner can cope with a rather difficult task - to correctly plan a garden.

Step one. Decide on the crops you plan to grow this year.

Once you start deciding which vegetables to plant in your garden, you will notice that the possibilities are endless. There are thousands of varieties of tomatoes alone! When choosing varieties, please Special attention to descriptions in the catalog. Each variety will be slightly different: one will give a larger yield, the other will be suitable for small gardens, because it requires less space, the third offers greater disease resistance, the fourth has greater cold tolerance, and so on ad infinitum.

Break the habit of constantly using your seeds. Any variety gradually degenerates. Buy new varieties of vegetables every year and experiment.

Step two. Conduct a site audit.

In order for the planning of the garden to be successful, you should draw a diagram of the garden and mark on it:

• shaded places,
• the sunniest places
• low places,
• sandy places,
• areas with heavy clay soil.

Based on this information, you need to choose the optimal place for each plant.

Decide on the crops you will grow in the shadow. The darkest places are best taken for landing fragrant herbs: cardamom, mint, parsley. Sorrel and spinach also do not need in large numbers sun. Leek and garlic feel good in the shade. Penumbra suitable for growing beets, broccoli and cauliflower. But for tomatoes, peppers, melons and pumpkins, it is best to take the most sunny places.

Most low places on the plot are suitable for growing cucumbers, cabbage, onions and garlic, radishes, sorrel, spinach and lettuce.

sandy places allocate for growing early ripe vegetables, as sandy soil warms up faster and will give required heat vegetables at the time of their abundant growth. clay soil , on the contrary, warms up more slowly and is suitable for late crops.

You have already made the first sketches in the plan of the garden, you can proceed to the third step of planning.

Step three. We decide on the final arrangement of vegetables.

You have already staked out some places for certain vegetables. Let's finalize the plan. Read the article about. Now you can choose the neighbors for your vegetables wisely.

Step four. We plan to water.

Consider how you will water your garden. You may need space to run a hose or spray tape, or a wider water path. If you collect for irrigation rain water- allocate a place for this in the center of the garden and install containers there to collect rainwater.

Step five. We plan the beds.

Now that we have decided on a place for growing vegetables and a method of watering, it is necessary to consider the size and placement of the beds. The approximate desired yield will help determine the size of the beds.

These are very approximate figures. Your harvest may be more or less. These figures are given in order for you to navigate the size of the beds.

Competent beds must meet several requirements.

1. You should be comfortable taking care of the beds.

To do this, provide paths between the beds. They should not be narrower than 30 cm. The width of the beds should not exceed a meter. It is better to make narrow and long beds - it is more convenient to weed them. If you can approach the bed only from one side, and on the other side it adjoins a building or a reservoir, then let the width of such a bed be no more than half a meter. Long and narrow beds very convenient for both sowing and harvesting.

1. Planting direction should be from south to north.

So the plants will get more light. This will have a positive effect on productivity. If you live in a cold climate, make the beds slightly sloping. Let them be a little higher on the north side, and a little lower on the south side. This will help the soil absorb a little more heat.

The beds can be fenced - this will save you time next year, because the beds will already be ready.

If you have a small vegetable garden, consider growing two or more crops at the same time on the same bed. Use . Some crops can be grown consecutively in the same season - consider this option as well.

Well here is the stage garden planning came to an end, it's time for the real work. Don't throw away your plan. Next year, you will be able to check with him and pick up new places for vegetables, because it is not recommended to grow the same crop in one place for several years in a row. Moreover, there are rules for crop rotation, following which you will increase the yield of the garden.