The surface pump is an effective solution! Surface pumps - device, principle of operation, types and subtleties of self-selection.

The surface household water pump can help solve the problem of providing water to homes, watering gardens and vegetable gardens. Such a device does not require immersion in water during operation.

The pump is installed on the surface, and a hose is lowered to draw water into the well. The advantage of the unit is ease of maintenance, and the disadvantage is that it cannot lift water from a great depth.

How the surface pump is arranged, the features of its design, how to install the unit with your own hands are invited to learn from this article.

Types of surface pumps

Such devices are of two types:

• Vortex. They have a very low suction depth. Such devices are used, most often, in order to adjust the pressure level in the water supply system, and not to draw fluid. Their price is not very high, but they are quite capricious when supplying water, which contains mechanical impurities.

• Centrifugal. They are made in larger sizes, more expensive, but also more stable.
• Surface or pressure. Very often, the owner of a private house has to solve the problem of pumping dirty water. Such equipment is designed for pumping liquid from drainage wells and special pits, draining Wastewater.
• Self-priming devices pump relatively clean water, it is possible to pump liquid with air.

The main characteristic of surface pumps is the water suction depth - the depth of the well, from where the pump can pump out liquid on its own, when it is completely filled with water. The installation of an ejector in the centrifugal pump housing can help to make the suction process stable, which allows the undersuction to work normally, even if there is air in the system or small air pockets.

These units are widely used in individual systems providing water. They can lift liquid from a well depth up to 8 meters. With a well depth of 8 to 15 meters, a two-pipe centrifugal pump with an external ejector can be used.

In addition to surface pumps, pumping stations are also used, which additionally includes a pressure accumulator and a control unit. Some models have a built-in device that can protect the station from extreme heat. An important element equipment is .

The order of operation of the pumping station has the following sequence:

• The pump supplies water to the accumulator.
• The device is turned off and water is used from the accumulator.
• After the water falls into the device to a fixed level, the pump is switched on again.

Surface pumps are used:

• At enterprises, water is supplied to fire extinguishing systems and circulating water supply from storage reservoirs.
• For Agriculture, in the organization of irrigation and watering systems.
• In construction, they can be used to supply process water for preparing solutions.
• In housing and communal services they help with drainage of flooded premises.
• On personal plots, they are used to supply water from wells, to provide irrigation backyard garden and vegetable garden.

Surface pump designs

The purpose of surface units determines their principle of operation and differences in the performance of individual units.

For example, according to the method of generating working pressure, the following types of apparatus are distinguished:

• Inkjet.
• Multistage.
• Centrifugal.

For the first types, they can lift water from a depth of up to several meters, even if the suction hose is empty, which is especially convenient when the unit is used irregularly. It is these surface pumps that are ideal for giving.

The use of several at once in multistage pumps guarantees a higher working pressure with low power consumption, which makes their use economical. If the water is very dirty, it is necessary to use centrifugal surface devices with an open impeller, which makes it possible to use them for pumping fecal liquids, pumping water from construction pits, from basements of flooded houses, in irrigation systems.

An approximate water supply scheme, with a surface pump device and automatic system management is shown in the photo.

Here: pos. 1 - well; 2 - check valve; 3 - suction hose; 4 - surface pump; 5 - hydraulic accumulator; 6 - relay for pressure control; 7 - manometer; 8 - a plug that closes the filler hole; 9 - hole for pouring water; 10 - filter used for mechanical cleaning; 11 - water heating device; 12 - hot water; 13 – cold water; 14 - point for fluid intake.

How surface pumps work can be clearly seen in the video in this article.

Criteria to consider when choosing pumps

Before purchasing a device, it is necessary to clearly understand all the main characteristics of a surface pump.

These include:

• Purpose of the unit: for watering the garden, a small product with a capacity of approximately one cubic meter per hour is suitable; for arranging the plumbing system - performance should be much higher.
• suction depth. For such products, it is equal to an average of 8 meters.
  In devices of this type, the ratio between vertical and horizontal is 1:4, which gives eight meters vertically and thirty-two horizontally. Knowing this ratio, the maximum suction depth for specific conditions is easily calculated.
• Unit pressure. To do this, calculate the length of the entire path from the installation site of the unit to the most remote point of the site where you want to conduct water.
• The voltage in the network is taken into account.

Tip: If the voltage changes to low frequently, a surface pump should be purchased with more power to meet the needs even when the mains voltage drops.

What malfunctions can occur with surface pumps and how to fix them

Unit failures include:

Which manufacturer to choose

This question torments many. Of course, you should not take equipment from unknown brands.
It is better to give preference to proven ones.

Their price is quite different and to a greater extent depends on the power. But one thing unites that you can install them yourself, there are detailed articles on this on our website. A 12 volt surface pump will always be cheaper.

So:

• When choosing between pump models foreign manufacturers, it is worth paying attention to good quality devices of the Danish company Grudfos. The impeller of this company's pumps is made of of stainless steel, and, therefore, they are not afraid of rust and other corrosion. Among other things, these pumps have a low noise level during operation.
• Another company that guarantees the high quality of its pumps is Pedrollo from Italy. They are especially attractive for their price, which becomes for many the main reason for their purchase. The company also took care of the compactness and design of its surface pumps. New models have a modern hydraulic system are made of cast iron and are virtually silent.
• The German manufacturer Al-co cannot be called a leader in the production of surface pumps, but the quality of their devices attracts consumers. The pumps of this company are used to provide water supply not only in its homeland, but also in Europe. The units of the company are endowed with high power and reliability.
• The relatively recent Awelco from Italy has already established itself in the surface pump market. Its pumps have high power, but, at the same time, are affordable. Many models are specialized in the suction of water with varying degrees of pollution, so they have good throughput.
• Among domestic companies, Jeelex can be distinguished, which produces pumps and automated pumps of the Jumbo series. The company offers a wide range of models of devices, which may differ in the material from which the case is made and technical characteristics. In choosing, it is better to be guided by the maximum head and flow rates that are inherent in a particular model.
• Whirlwind pumps are also domestic, which meet a good price-quality ratio. The maximum depth of these pumps reaches 9 m. The units are very practical and versatile.
• Surface pumps "Aquarius", this is a domestic manufacturer. But here the choice is great and you need to go to the company's website and browse.
• Aquatechnika pumps, here the lineup pretty big. The use of surface pumps of the "leader" series is more preferable. These are new models that have proven themselves well. "Belamos" xk09e is a more powerful model.

Attention: Whichever manufacturer is chosen, it is very important to pay attention to the water supply and pump power. It is also better to ask in advance for reviews about a particular surface pump. source necessary information may be relatives, acquaintances or specialists.

As for the price, it primarily depends on the power of the pump, the larger it is, the more expensive the device. So, a not very powerful device will cost about 4 thousand rubles, and a pump with a power of 1.8 kW will cost no less than 25 thousand rubles. Of course, this is not the only parameter that affects the cost, so it is worth deciding in advance which pump functions are needed and which ones can be abandoned to reduce its cost.

Advantages and disadvantages of surface pumps

The operating instructions for the units indicate their advantages over submersible ones:

• Great performance. The device can simultaneously serve several fountains, large waterfalls.
• Unit with asynchronous electric motor can work continuously.
• There is no need to lay an electric main to the well.
• The device is available for inspection, it is easy to remove it for the winter.
• The low weight and dimensions of the pumps allow them to be used in conditions where space is limited.
• Has good ability to provide pressure and performance with minimal cost electricity.
• The cost is lower than submersible.
• Used for clean and dirty water.

The disadvantages that surface water pumps have include:

• Low suction lift, up to nine meters.
• The use of an ejector that allows the suction lift to be raised up to 20 meters reduces the reliability of the system.
• Noise during operation, which requires the installation of the unit separately from the room.
• Skills are needed in providing the main with water and its operation.

Types of pumps for contaminated water

Typically, drainage units exist in two categories:

• . It happens:

1. portable;
2. stationary.

Any unit is installed on a special platform, which is located above the tank with waste liquid. Water is pumped out using a special inlet pipe or sleeve lowered to the bottom of the tank.

• Submersible pumps are installed directly on the bottom of the waste pit or tank. In such devices, there is no inlet sleeve, and the liquid is sucked through the bottom of the unit, at the bottom of which there is a special filtration grate, which prevents stones and dirt from entering the device.

Usual drainage pump- the best helper for pumping dirty water. These are hydraulic units that are used to transfer fluid in large volumes with a high content of mechanical impurities. They have rather weak pressure capabilities, but they are compensated by the high speed of pumping out water.

Such devices are indispensable:

• When installing systems that must drain waste water.
• For pumping out liquid from any containers, for example, for cleaning a swimming pool located in the yard.
• Often they are used for watering and irrigation.

What are the advantages of a surface apparatus for dirty water

Compared with other similar designs, the surface dirty water pump has the following advantages:

• Ease of maintenance.
• They perfectly pump contaminated water without the risk that the impeller can jam.
• Unpretentiousness at work.
• The ability to carry out water intake from wells, wells, natural and artificial reservoirs.
• Allows efficient pumping of water with small solids.
• Used for watering the garden.

Lack of running water suburban area or a private house brings a lot of trouble to any of their owners. Therefore, purchasing a surface water pump is an excellent solution to water supply problems at home.

The lack of a centralized water supply system outside the city forces the owners of houses and summer cottages to look for alternative options. Wells and wells become the main sources of water, but pumps are responsible for delivering liquid to the house. One of the most popular types in Lately steel surface models. They have a number of advantages over submersible units. A distinctive feature of surface pumps is their location outside the water. It can be a permanently installed unit or a mobile station. It is enough to lower the hose into the water to start raising the water. With the help of pumps of this type, it is possible not only to provide water to the house, but also to divert storm or sewage. When choosing a device, it is important to pay attention to several specifications.

1. One of the fundamental quantities is the depth of liquid rise. This parameter allows you to determine the suitability of the pump for a particular situation.
2. Surface pumps often work in an extensive plumbing system. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate whether the maximum pressure of the device is enough for efficient water supply or irrigation.
3. The durability of the pump depends on the quality of the main parts. The body is most often made of cast iron, stainless steel spare parts allow for a long time to resist corrosion.
4. Any pump will eventually have to be serviced or repaired. Not every owner is able to cope with this task on their own. Therefore, it is worth finding out about the availability of a service center nearby.
5. As for the availability of additional options, then each buyer chooses a package according to his needs. If it is possible to periodically monitor the operation of the device, then automatic assistants are unlikely to be needed. You can save a lot on this.

Our review includes the best surface water pumps. When compiling the rating, the following criteria were taken into account:

• appointment;
• specifications;
• price;
• expert opinion;
• user reviews.

Best Conventional Surface Pumps

The installation of conventional surface pumps is carried out outside the source, connecting the apparatus to it through a conventional hose. In the case of year-round use of the pump, it is necessary to provide protection for the housing against low temperatures, as water frozen inside the working cavity can lead to breakage. Usually, the power of a household surface pump is designed to pump water from a depth of up to 10 meters. The advantages of such devices are easy installation, primitive design and high mobility.

3 GILEX Jumbo 60/35 N-K

Operates at 1°C
Country Russia
Average price: 6 649 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.0

The universal pump JILEX Jumbo 60/35 N-K closes the top three of the best conventional surface pumps. This optimal model in terms of price, features and quality. With a power of 600 W, the machine delivers 3.6 cu. m / h, allowing the pump to be used as the main one for providing a house or plot with water. Among competitors in the rating, it creates the maximum pressure - 35 meters, which can be adjusted. It has a built-in ejector, which greatly simplifies installation.

The strengths of this model, buyers include the presence of all automation in the kit, the absence of a built-in check valve and a regular pressure gauge. A distinctive feature of the device is the ability to work with water, the temperature of which is only 1 ° C, which allows the device to be operated in extreme conditions. Among the minuses are noisy operation and a plastic outlet to the hose, with which you need to be careful not to damage it.

2 Wilo PB-088EA

Best price. popular model
Country: Germany
Average price: 4,108 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.0

The budget model Wilo PB-088EA is in second place in the ranking of the best conventional surface pumps. In spite of low cost, the device works adequately and raises no complaints. The pump has a small power - only 140 W, but it is enough to create a pressure of up to 9 meters and provide a performance of 2.4 cubic meters. m/hour. The peculiarity of this model is that it works only with clean water, but its temperature can reach 60 degrees. Thanks to the ”outlet, all standard hoses can be connected.

Customers highlight the ease of operation, low cost and easy installation as strengths models. Successful design working area allows you to use the pump for pumping water with a temperature of 2 ° C. The device is equipped with overheating protection, and will automatically turn off if an overload occurs. The disadvantages of this apparatus are the unsuccessful design of the pump mount and noisy operation. In general, at such a cost, a worthy model for its tasks.

1 Grundfos MQ 3-35

Best Specifications
Country: Denmark
Average price: 20,180 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.5

The ranking of the best conventional surface pumps is topped by Grundfos model MQ 3-35. Powerful (850 W) device provides a throughput of 3.9 cubic meters. m / h, which allows you to uninterruptedly provide water to the whole house. To increase the pressure in the pipelines, a pressure boosting function is provided. The maximum immersion depth of the hose is 8 meters, thanks to which the pump can be operated for pumping water from wells and deep wells.

Among the advantages of this model, buyers note high reliability, unpretentiousness to external conditions and quiet operation. The maximum water temperature with which the pump can operate is 35 degrees. The provided protection against dry running will save the pump in case of an unforeseen failure in the water supply. Convenient electronic shutdown allows you to quickly suspend the operation of the device. The disadvantages include overpriced and unstable operation after a long downtime.

Video review

The best circulation pumps for heating

Circulation pumps for heating are used for forced circulation of water in a circle. The devices can work with hot water, since the main area of ​​\u200b\u200btheir application is heating systems. The devices create pressure differences that help the fluid overcome the resistance created in the pipe. When choosing a circulation pump, attention should be paid to the pressure generated, which determines how large systems can serve the device, performance and maximum water temperature with which the device is able to work.

The leader in the number of sales of surface circulation pumps is the company "Grundfos" . Grundfos- Danish concern, the most popular and reputable company for the production of pumping units. The volume of production is more than 16 million items per year. The head office of the company is located in Denmark, and the main production facilities are located in Germany. Therefore, Grundfos pumps are often called German, as evidenced by the high build quality. In 2005, the Grundfos pump plant was opened in Russia (Moscow region).

3 Wilo Star-RS 25/4

Quiet operation
Country: Germany
Average price: 5 100 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.5

In third place in the ranking of the best circulation pumps for heating is the Wilo Star-RS 25/4 model. With a power of 68 W, it creates a pressure of 4 meters and provides a performance of 3 cubic meters. m / h, which is quite enough for heating small house. The pump is demanding on water quality and works only with pure heat carrier. But he is able to pump water with a temperature of 10 to 110 degrees.

Among the strengths of this model, buyers highlight quiet operation, high reliability and good power. In addition to this, all the necessary fasteners are included with the pump, which greatly simplifies its installation. The disadvantages include an ill-conceived device control system, for example, the absence of a switch on the case.

2 JILEX Compasses 25-40

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 2,669 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.5

The second place in the ranking of the best circulation pumps for heating is occupied by JILEKS Compass 25-40. This model, with a power of only 65 watts, is capable of delivering up to 3 cu. m/h, which is comparable to many TOP models. The maximum pressure generated is 4 meters - this is enough to work with most heating systems. The pump operates in a wide temperature range - from 10 to 110 degrees, which significantly increases its service life.

The advantages of this device, users include small dimensions, the presence of the necessary fasteners in the kit and build quality. The pump nozzle has a diameter of 1”, which makes the device perfectly suitable for most pipelines. Among the shortcomings, there is a lack of a cable (you need to buy it separately and connect it to the pump yourself).

1 Grundfos UPA 15-90

The most popular circulation pump for heating
Country: Denmark
Average price: 5 754 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.0

The leader in the ranking of the best circulation pumps for heating is the Grundfos UPA 15-90 model. This is the most popular device on the market, as evidenced by a large number of positive feedback. With a relatively small size, the device boasts a power of 118 W, which significantly outperforms its competitors. If necessary, it is possible to increase the pressure using a special regulator. Throughput is low - only 1.5 cubic meters. m / h, but it is enough to heat any apartment.

The advantages of this model according to buyers are high reliability, quiet operation and ease of installation. In addition, the pump is equipped with a dry-running protection that will automatically turn it off if there is no water supply. The device operates in the temperature range from 2 to 60 degrees. The disadvantage is inconvenient manual control. According to the totality of parameters, this is the best circulation pump for heating.

The best sewer installations

Sewage installations are used to collect and discharge sewage. The devices have a sealed housing and small dimensions. They are used in cases where it is not possible to drain wastewater by gravity. The main advantage of the installations is the absence of the need for maintenance. The device is self-cleaning after emptying, which eliminates the penetration of unpleasant odors into the living space

3 UNIPUMP Sanivort 605M

Affordable price and unpretentiousness
Country: Russia-China
Average price: 12,033 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.5

By itself affordable price offered to owners of private houses sewerage pumping unit UNIPUMP Sanivort 605 M. It is able to remove wastewater containing not only faeces, but also toilet paper. The device consists of a durable plastic case which is easy to clean. Inside there is a fecal pump, a float with circuit breaker, grinder. The faucet body is made of stainless steel. The capacity of the plant is limited to 100 l/min. The device can work with liquids, the temperature of which does not exceed 50°C.

Users in the reviews speak flatteringly about such properties of the UNIPUMP Sanivort 605 M sewer installation as price, workmanship, performance. It works silently, pumps even dirty water. Of the minuses, the need for frequent maintenance of the float mechanism can be noted.

2 Grundfos Sololift 2 C-3

High throughput
Country: Denmark
Average price: 21,963 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.7

In second place in the ranking of the best sewer installations is the Grundfos Sololift 2 C-3 model. In spite of high price, it is loved by many customers for its reliability and performance. With a power of 640 W, it provides a throughput of 14.4 cu. m / h and creates a pressure of 8.5 meters. The sewerage unit combines up to 7 water intake points, which allows you to connect several sources of polluted water.

Among the strengths of this unit, buyers highlight good equipment, high speed and quality of components. The device has a small size and weight of 6.6 kg, which allows you to install it almost anywhere. The disadvantages of this model are the need for regular cleaning of the float for the correct operation of the pump and rather noisy operation.

1 SFA SANIVITE Silence

Quiet operation, high reliability
Country: France
Average price: 22,300 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.9

The first place in the ranking of the best sewer installations is occupied by SFA SANIVITE Silence. With the dimensions of the drain tank and a power of 400 W, the device provides a performance of 6 cubic meters. m / h, which is enough to serve a small house. The model works with dirty water and unpretentious to the type of runoff. The maximum temperature at which the unit operates is 60 degrees.

The advantages of the device buyers include quiet operation, high reliability and small dimensions. In addition, the non-return valve prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room. In case of overheating or lack of sewage inside the device, the unit will shut itself off. Among the minuses, only the overpriced price is noted.

The best pumping stations

Modern version of water supply in country house is the installation of a pumping station. It is a unit that performs a lot beneficial species work without human intervention. The integral elements of the station are considered to be a pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a float system, and pressure sensors. For proper installation and connection of the pumping station, contact a water supply specialist.

3 VORTEX ASV-1200/24N

Reliability and durability
The country: Russia (produced in China)
Average price: 7,480 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.8

Domestic development VORTEX ASV-1200/24N deservedly hit the top of our rating. The model is made of stainless steel, which makes it reliable and durable. The latest electronic system is used to control the station. It allows you to efficiently use electricity, gives the station stability in operation. Most often, the device is purchased by the owners country houses and dachas. The station is equipped with the most powerful motor (1.2 kW), which allows you to reach a record performance (4.2 cubic meters per hour) and excellent pressure (40 m). Diving depth is limited to 9 m.

In the reviews, users note the unpretentiousness of the VORTEX ASV-1200/24N pumping station, reliability and durability. The presence of mechanical impurities within the range of 150 g/cubic meter is allowed in the pumped water. m.

2 DENZEL PSD800C

Maximum head (45 m)
Country: China
Average price: 9,717 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.9

The best option for organizing a water supply system is to use the DENZEL PSD800C pumping station. Thanks to a maximum head of 45 m, the device is able to lift water from wells and wells. The suction depth is 20 m. Thanks to a powerful electric motor (800 W), the station has a decent capacity (2.4 cubic meters per hour). The manufacturer equipped the pump with automation, which independently turns on and off the electric motor as water is consumed.

Positive user reviews indicate high quality pump station DENZEL PSD800C. The device pleasantly surprises with power and pressure, the largest suction depth among competitors. It should be borne in mind that the pump is not suitable for pumping dirty water, which contains mechanical impurities.

1 GILEX Jumbo 50/28 Ch-14

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 6,200 rubles.
Rating (2018): 5.0

Serious pumping equipment at an affordable price is offered by a domestic manufacturer. JILEX Jumbo 50/28 Ch-14 is equipped with a built-in ejector connected to pipelines. This scheme of operation ensures efficient absorption of water. With a power of 520 W, the device is capable of pumping 3 cubic meters. m of liquid per hour. The head is limited to 28 m. The pump can work with dirty water in which dissolved gases are present. Graphite-ceramic seals provide reliable leak protection to the device. Experts highlight the progressive squirrel-cage system in the electric motor.

Users note such advantages of the JILEKS Jumbo 50/28 Ch-14 pumping station as soft start, reasonable price, no dry running. The device is reliably protected from power surges, it economically consumes electrical energy.

Today, few people will agree to life outside the city without the usual comfort. Even a summer cottage needs plumbing and sewerage, but garden plots rarely connected to centralized systems, so you have to provide yourself with comfort yourself.

The centrifugal surface pump Extra and other units of a similar type for pumping water will help us with this.

Basic information

According to the installation method, all are divided into surface and submersible. We will talk about the latter in other materials on the site, and in this article we will talk about the device, types and advantages of surface aggregates.

What it is

Surface pumps are pumps that do not require immersion in liquid to pump it. A hose or a water intake pipeline connected to the suction pipe of the unit is simply lowered into it. And he himself is installed next to the source - on the surface of the earth, in a caisson or utility room.

It is important. If the surface centrifugal pump is used constantly, for example, to supply water to the water supply system of the house, it must be placed in a closed room to protect it from precipitation.

Since access to the device is not limited in any way, it is easy to maintain, and this is its main advantage. However, such pumps can pump water only from a relatively shallow depth, not exceeding 8-10 meters, therefore their scope is limited to shallow wells, open reservoirs and other sources in which the water mirror is located not lower than this level.

In addition, they do an excellent job of pumping water from basements, pools, sewer wells, therefore, are indispensable in the individual economy. Surface-mounted units are often part of pumping stations for the water supply of private houses, also consisting of a pressure accumulator (hydraulic accumulator) and a control unit.

The principle of its operation is simple: the pump supplies water to the pressure tank and turns off when it is full. As water is consumed, its level decreases, and when it reaches a certain point, the unit automatically turns on and refills the tank.

Device and principle of operation

The surface centrifugal pump works due to the rotating wheel with blades located inside it. It is mounted on a shaft with bearings. When connected to the network, the shaft begins to rotate together with the wheel, a reduced pressure is created in the center, as a result of which water is sucked through the inlet pipe.

Centrifugal forces eject the liquid to the periphery, giving it acceleration, and the increased pressure that occurs here pushes it into the pressure pipe and further into the pipeline.

Note. The number of impellers in the device can be any. Single-stage pumps are the simplest and most inexpensive, but they also have a small water supply. The price of multi-stage units is higher, but they are more powerful and create less noise during operation.

How to choose a pump

There are many factors to consider when buying a pump. In addition to technical characteristics, these include: purpose of use, affordability, noise level, reputation of the manufacturer, guarantee period work, etc.

According to specifications

The first thing you should study is the instruction for the pump, which contains all the technical parameters of the device: pressure, performance, engine power, etc. But keep in mind that this maximum performance, so it is better to focus on the performance graph.

It can be seen from it that the performance depends on the pressure: with its increase, it falls. Your task is to choose a pump whose parameters you require are approximately in the middle of the graph. How to do it? Calculate by simple calculations necessary pressure and performance.

To determine the maximum pressure, use the following formula: H \u003d h + h 1 + h 2 + L / 10, where:

• h – required pressure in the network, usually equal to 20-30 meters of water column;
• h1- the height of the water rise from the point of intake to the pump;
• h2- the height of the water rise from the pump to the highest draw-off point in the house or on the site;
• L- the distance from the point of intake to the farthest draw-off point horizontally (pipeline length).

For reference. In this formula, the pipe diameter is assumed to be 16 mm. For him, the pressure loss in horizontal sections is calculated according to the formula L / 10. With an increase in the diameter of the pipes, the friction resistance decreases, so the coefficient 10 changes to a larger one.

For determining maximum performance pump, you need to add up the water flow from all water points - mixers, taps, sanitary and household appliances(e.g. washing machines and dishwashers).

Having such data, you can easily choose a centrifugal surface pump, comparing them with the parameters specified by the manufacturer.

You also need to take into account the voltage in the network. If it often falls, it is better to choose a more powerful pump so that its performance at such times is sufficient.

By manufacturer

A well-known brand or a specific brand of pump (see ), for many years receiving only positive reviews from consumers, this is one of the most reliable criteria for choosing a unit.

If you are faced with the need to purchase it for the first time, we advise you to pay attention to the following manufacturers:

• Gilex is a domestic company that has been producing reliable and high-quality products for almost a quarter of a century.

• Aquatechnics – Russian manufacturer centrifugal pumps operating according to European standards. The units of this brand of the Leader series are especially popular.

Advice. Pumps of domestic manufacturers are more affordable, in the event of a breakdown it will be easier for you to find the necessary spare parts for urgent repairs.

• Alco- a German concern with a 75-year history. Its products are highly valued among homeowners: Al-co surface garden pumps do an excellent job of watering, pumping water from pools, draining flooded cellars.
• Grundfos- reliable and economical units from Denmark, often used for the construction of pumping stations (see).

• Wilo- Another well-known German brand, popular in our country and Europe.
• Awelco- modern Italian pumps, characterized by high power, durability, unsurpassed quality and affordable price.

Conclusion

We have provided you with rather concise information about surface centrifugal pumps. If you want to learn more, figure out how to install the device, connect it to the system and how to act in case of a breakdown or stop, read other materials on the site and watch the video in this article.

Surface pump for dirty water - convenient and sometimes necessary equipment for a private house. There is always a use for such a technique, it is only important to choose a model that exactly matches the specific conditions or a universal multifunctional unit.

A feature of such transfer pumps is their installation on the surface (as opposed to submersible, located directly in the pumped medium) products. Only the hose or inlet pipe is immersed in the liquid at the surface pump.

Unlike models of pumps designed for lifting and transportation through pipelines clean water, pump for contaminated liquids not afraid of hard and soft insoluble inclusions. Nevertheless, the capabilities of the models are different - if some are capable of pumping water with silt, then others are able to cope even with thick viscous compositions, in fact, with liquid mud. This point must be clarified at the selection stage, taking into account the intended scope of the pump.

In a private house or country house, a surface centrifugal pump for dirty water can be used for:

• draining the basement or cellar during a flood or in the event of an emergency,
• pumping fluid from manholes,
• drainage of storage or drainage ditches and pits,
• drainage of pools, fountains, artificial reservoirs, if necessary, cleaning, repair or before the onset of winter,
• supply partially cleaned or ground water from pits or drainage pits (wells), storm storage for watering plants,
• irrigation system devices using a natural reservoir,
• drainage of pits during the construction of a house or outbuildings if groundwater is high on the site.

Types of pumps

When choosing a pump model, it is important to remember that a surface pump for dirty water, the price of which seemed attractive to you, must have certain capabilities. After evaluating the expected operating conditions and tasks, compare them with the characteristics of the model. In order to make it easier to navigate in the diversity of the assortment, you should know the features characteristic of certain categories.

• Screw models pumps are capable of pumping viscous highly contaminated liquids, as well as effluents with fairly large inclusions. Therefore, this design is fecal pumps for dirty water. If there is a reservoir on or near the site, even a small and very dirty one, a screw surface pump will allow the use of fertile sludge to fertilize the beds. Pumps in this category are capable of transporting liquids with temperatures up to +75°C.
• Diaphragm self-priming products allow the presence in the pumped water of up to 50% of insoluble particles with a linear size of up to 50 mm. With the help of this technique, it is possible to drain channels and trenches, since in such cases the water may contain not only impurities of sand and clay, but also small stones, clods of earth, etc.

Surface pump for pumping dirty water can be fixed or mobile. In the first case, it is advisable to choose a design for permanent or frequent use. For example, when using storm drains or water from a reservoir for irrigation, it is better to mount the equipment on site than to transport it there every time.

Mobile models of pumps can be portable (have low power) or equipped with wheels on the principle of a trolley (with high technical characteristics). They are chosen for periodic use, for example, in emergency cases, for draining the pool, which is required no more than a few times a year, etc.

Features of surface pumps for polluted waters

Any surface self-priming dirty water pump has both advantages and disadvantages, so it is important to evaluate models comprehensively when choosing.

The advantages of pumping units of this type include:

• Unpretentiousness and ease of operation, thanks to which the equipment can be easily transported and installed on almost any necessary place. Sufficient conditions are only the presence of a flat area and the ability to connect to the mains.
• High values ​​of the main operating parameters of the pumps, including the lifting height and pressure required for horizontal transportation through the pipeline.
• Increased wear resistance of the main components and parts, due to the need to cope with heavy loads, as well as contact with solids in dirty water, which may have abrasive properties.
• The ability of the pumps to long work without technological interruptions.
• Lower, in comparison with submersible units, cost.

The disadvantages of surface pumps are:

• The impossibility of lifting water from the bottom of deep wells, trenches or reservoirs (as a rule, the lifting height of models of this type does not exceed 8 m).
• High noise level at work (permanently or often working in the house or near the windows on the site pumps placed in soundproof booths for comfort).
• The need for accuracy in following the instructions when installing the suction hose or nozzle due to the high probability of an accident in case of violations. If the owner of the house does not have the necessary experience, it is better to take the help of a professional.

Operating rules

Despite the versatility of all pumps of this type, you should inquire in advance about the possibility of using them for transporting clean water. It may seem that a pump capable of pumping a dirty liquid can also handle a clean one, but in most cases, the design features of the machines do not allow this possibility (for example, due to the too wide inlet).

There are other rules, the observance of which will ensure the durability and trouble-free operation of the surface pump:

• Models of any type must not be immersed in water.
• The connection to the power source should be made through a circuit breaker, which will prevent the failure of the pumping unit during power surges.
• Be sure to observe the operating conditions of the pump in relation to the composition of the liquid (percentage of impurities, their maximum allowable size, chemical aggressiveness of the medium, liquid temperature, abrasiveness of inclusions).
• Do not transport (including move, tilt, pump) a running pump.
• When using the pump all year round, it is important to take care of thermal insulation and heating of the system to avoid freezing.

If you need to choose to supply clean water, we recommend reading our separate article.

Pro hand pumps for water we told in. You will learn what they are and how to choose the right option.

How the pumping station is connected to the well is described on this page

To determine the required technical characteristics, you can use some rules:

• Performance is easily calculated by dividing the volume of liquid being pumped (for example, a pool in a garden) by the time during which this volume must be moved (pumped out). More efficient pumps have higher power.
• Estimate pressure characteristics it will be easier if we take into account that for each meter of rise there is 10 meters of liquid transport horizontally. Thus, despite the partial validity of the statement that the pressure should be the smaller, the smaller the depth of the reservoir or reservoir, the need to move the pumped liquid over a certain distance should also be included in the calculation.

Popular models and prices

To the most popular and at the same time practical and functional models Pumps include the following pumping units:

• Pedrollo NGA from famous Italian manufacturer– pumps intended for installation in rooms and under canopies. Machines are capable of operating outdoor temperature to -10° C, while the temperature range of the pumped liquid is from -10° C to +90° C. The design feature is the presence of an open impeller, thanks to which the pump is able to pump heavily contaminated liquid. Stainless steel wheel resists corrosion and abrasion from solid particles. The operation features include the need to fill the system with water through special hole before launch. The price of pumps is 17.2-17.6 thousand rubles.
• Cars Calpeda C are also of Italian descent. They have proven to be reliable and rugged pumps for pumping liquids with an average content of impurities ( linear dimension- up to 4 mm). Depending on the performance characteristics, they can have a cost from 14.6 thousand rubles (power - 0.15 kW) to 28.8 thousand rubles. (1.1 kW).

Many citizens dream of living not in an apartment, but in their country house. But they are stopped from moving by the undeveloped in most villages and small towns engineering infrastructure. At the same time, the lack of water scares the most. Of course, your own well or well allows you to partially solve the problem of water supply, but comfortable living it is not guaranteed. An excellent solution for lovers of urban comfort will be the purchase of a surface pump, which will allow you to organize an autonomous water supply for a country house, cottage or cottage. These units are easy to install, easy to operate and maintain, and reasonably priced.

Home distinctive feature surface pumps is that they are not submerged in water to operate, but are mounted on the surface. To lift water from the bowels of the source, a hose or pipeline lowered into a hydraulic structure is used. Such units can lift water from wells and wells with a depth of no more than 8-9 meters. Therefore, this pumping equipment is not suitable for deep sources, but it will be just right for a shallow well or sand well. In addition, these units perfectly cope with the tasks of watering the garden, pumping water from a flooded basement, and are also suitable for servicing quicksand wells.

Unlike submersible counterparts, surface pumps have a large area of ​​\u200b\u200buse. In addition, their installation and dismantling are so quick and easy, which guarantees them high mobility.

Where to install?

Surface pumping equipment for a well or well can be installed in one of three places:

• In the basement of the house. For these purposes, you can allocate a separate room in any part of the house or extension, but the basement is most suitable. The room must be dry and warm. It must be carefully isolated from the noise that will occur during the operation of the pump and may interfere with households.
• In separately standing building. If you have such a structure, then it should be well insulated and protected from moisture.
• In a caisson near the head of the well. The bottom of the caisson should be located 50 cm below the freezing point of the soil. Usually it is deepened by 2 meters. The caisson also needs to be well protected from moisture and insulated.

Advantages and disadvantages

Surface water supply units have the following advantages over submersible pumping equipment:

1. Acceptable price, which can pay off in 1-2 seasons of operation of pumping equipment. Most of the products belong to the low and medium price range and cost from 20 to 50 USD.
2. One instrument can be used to solve various tasks thanks to its quick assembly and dismantling.
3. High performance characteristics allow surface units to solve the problems of water supply at home, drainage of rooms and reservoirs, watering the garden and vegetable garden.
4. Unlike submersible devices that are constantly in contact with water and subject to corrosion because of this, surface products are more durable.
5. Submersible pumps cannot work in shallow sources, and surface equipment can pump water from a shallow well, reservoir or reservoir.
6. Such devices are suitable for watering the garden. In this case, you do not need to purchase an expansion tank, since the water supply is carried out directly. It is enough to buy only the hose of the desired length.

These products also have disadvantages. They are as follows:

1. This pumping equipment cannot work with heavily contaminated aquatic environment. It can pump water from a small amount impurities, but for a very dirty liquid, you will need to buy a filter device. However, this does not apply to drainage and faecal surface aggregates.
2. These products can lift water from a depth of no more than 8-9 m.
3. During operation, the device produces a lot of noise, and since it is not submerged under water, the sound waves are not damped by anything.
4. If the unit is used together with an ejector, then the pump performance is noticeably reduced.

Specifications

The choice of surface pumping equipment should be made taking into account its technical characteristics. To do this, you need to know the operating conditions and requirements for the product:

• The performance of household pumping products should be within 3-6 cubic meters per hour.
• Water consumption. To ensure the water supply of a small house during peak hours, a flow rate of 3 m³ / h will be required. For watering the garden, the water consumption will be 1-2 m³ / h.
• The motor power depends on the characteristics of the pump. A household unit with a head of 40-80m, a flow rate of 3-6 m³ / h has an electric motor with a power of 0.7-1.9 kW. On sale there are models designed for a two-phase voltage of 220 V and a three-phase voltage of 380 V.
• Pipeline diameter. Most models of surface pumps are equipped with an outlet pipe with a diameter of 32 mm, which is suitable for a conventional water line.

Varieties

The water surface pump, depending on the design features, can be of three types:

• vortex;
• centrifugal;
• ejector units.

According to the functional purpose, such products can be divided into:

• The water pump is used for arranging water supply at home, giving and watering the garden. It can pump water from a shallow well or well;
• a drainage unit is needed for pumping out sewage and watering;
• the circulation pump allows you to maintain a certain pressure in the water supply system;
• the fecal device is suitable for removal of drains from the sanitary equipment, cleaning of cesspools, septic tanks.

vortex pump

For water supply suburban area from a well or well, vortex-type surface pumps are most suitable. The principle of operation of this unit is based on the transfer of energy to water obtained as a result of the rotation of the impeller. Household pumps vortex type are divided into two varieties:

• equipment with a closed impeller. In this device, the impeller has blades in the form of cells, which are closed by blades at the ends.
• units with an open impeller. The vanes and impeller of this pump have no limits.

The vortex wheel of these surface pumps is made in the form of a flat disk located inside the casing. This disc has a plurality of blades in a straight line configuration. As a rule, the body is equipped with a special annular cavity. The blades of the impeller go into it.

In the middle of the annular cavity, these water supply units have a dividing ledge, which is necessary to distinguish between the pressure and suction chambers. After water enters the first chamber, it is accelerated due to the rotational movements of the impeller. After that, water under pressure enters the outlet chamber.

The productivity of surface vortex water supply pumps is due to the fact that water particles inside the unit fall into different areas between the blades on the impeller. Each of these sections gives the fluid additional acceleration. This allows you to achieve high pressure and water pressure in the area of ​​​​the outlet. As a result, such a unit guarantees high efficiency of water supply.

1. Acceptable price (from 20 to 50 USD).
2. Due to its simplicity, the unit is easy to use, maintain and repair.
3. It can pump water from a well and still not be afraid of air ingress, which makes it an ideal device for watering.
4. The pump can pump liquid in two directions (reversibility).

However, the water vortex unit also has its drawbacks:

1. Low efficiency.
2. When pumping contaminated water, mechanical parts wear out very quickly.

Important: the optimal content of impurities in water for such pumping equipment should not exceed 40 g / m³.

Centrifugal pumps

The main difference between centrifugal surface water supply devices and vortex counterparts is that they use centrifugal force to increase water pressure. Such a unit is afraid of air getting inside, therefore it is usually equipped with an ejector. This device allows you to pump air out of the pump before starting and in the process of pumping water.

Thanks to the ejector, the centrifugal water pump can pump water with a high air content. The price of such equipment is higher than the cost of a vortex counterpart. That is why such surface units for a well or well are more often used for arranging autonomous system water supply at home, and not for watering the garden.

Advantages of centrifugal pumping equipment:

1. Low body weight and compact dimensions.
2. High efficiency.
3. The product provides good water pressure and stable pressure in the system.
4. Due to the lower susceptibility to wear of the mechanical parts of the centrifugal unit, its service life is longer than that of the vortex counterpart.
5. The unit allows you to precisely adjust the pressure and pressure of the pumped water.

Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the following:

1. Pumping equipment without an ejector will have to be filled with water each time before starting to force air out of it.
2. If air enters the pipeline or hose while pumping water, the device will stop.

Features of functional varieties

We discussed the features of surface water supply and drainage pumps above, but there are still groups of circulation and fecal units, which we will describe in this section.

Unlike the first groups, the circulation pump is mounted on a pipeline and is used to maintain the correct pressure in the heating and water supply system at home. IN heating system this unit is mounted in front of the boiler, which allows more efficient heating of the premises.

Sometimes such equipment is used in cleaning system, where, after passing through the filtration unit, the pressure of the liquid decreases markedly. Here, a surface circulation pump is installed after the filter.

Also, circulation pumping equipment is indispensable when arranging heated floors or in automatic pumping stations. Here the pump is used to supply fluid from the hydraulic tank to consumers.

Fecal pumps can be used for pumping effluent from septic tanks, cesspools, pumping sewers and as drainage device for heavily contaminated wastewater. These devices have high power for pumping thicker and denser effluents. Some models, mounted after the toilet, have chopping knives.