Parameters of the coolant at the entrance to the house. The dependence of the coolant temperature on the outside air temperature
In order to comfortably survive the cold season, you need to worry in advance about the creation of high-quality heating system. If you live in a private house, you have an autonomous network, and if you live in an apartment complex, you have a centralized network. Whatever it is, it is still necessary that the temperature of the batteries during the heating season be within the limits established by SNiP. Let us analyze in this article the temperature of the coolant for different systems heating.
The heating season begins when the average daily temperature outside drops below +8°C and stops, respectively, when it rises above this mark, but it also stays that way for up to 5 days.
Regulations. What temperature should be in the rooms (minimum):
- In a residential area +18°C;
- In the corner room +20°C;
- In the kitchen +18°C;
- In the bathroom +25°C;
- In corridors and flights of stairs +16°C;
- In the elevator +5°C;
- In the basement +4°C;
- In the attic +4°C.
It should be noted that these temperature standards refer to the period of the heating season and do not apply to the rest of the time. Also, information will be useful that hot water should be from + 50 ° C to + 70 ° C, according to SNiP-u 2.08.01.89 "Residential buildings".
There are several types of heating systems:
The coolant circulates without interruption. This is due to the fact that the change in temperature and density of the coolant occurs continuously. Because of this, heat is distributed evenly over all elements of the heating system with natural circulation.
The circular pressure of water directly depends on the temperature difference between hot and cold water. Typically, in the first heating system, the temperature of the coolant is 95°C, and in the second 70°C.
With forced circulation
Such a system is divided into two types:
The difference between them is quite large. The pipe layout scheme, their number, sets of shut-off, control and monitoring valves are different.
According to SNiP 41-01-2003 (“Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”), Maximum temperature coolant in these heating systems is:
- two-pipe heating system - up to 95 ° С;
- single-pipe - up to 115°С;
The optimum temperature is from 85°C to 90°C (due to the fact that at 100°C, water already boils. When this value is reached, special measures must be taken to stop boiling).
The dimensions of the heat given off by the radiator depend on the installation location and the way the pipes are connected. Heat output can be reduced by 32% due to poor pipe placement.
The best option is diagonal connection when hot water is coming from above, and the return line - from below the opposite side. Thus, radiators are tested in tests.
The most unfortunate thing is when hot water comes from below, and cold water from above on the same side.
Calculation of the optimal temperature of the heater
The most important thing is the most comfortable temperature for human existence+37°C.
S*h*41:42,
- where S is the area of the room;
- h is the height of the room;
- 41 - minimum power per 1 cubic meter S;
- 42 - nominal thermal conductivity of one section according to the passport.
Please note that a radiator placed under a window in a deep niche will give almost 10% less heat. decorative box will take 15-20%.
When you use a radiator to maintain the required air temperature in the room, you have two options: you can use small radiators and increase the temperature of the water in them (high temperature heating) or install a large radiator, but the surface temperature will not be so high (low temperature heating) .
In high-temperature heating, the radiators are very hot and can cause burns if touched. In addition, at a high temperature of the radiator, the decomposition of dust that has settled on it can begin, which will then be inhaled by people.
Using low temperature heating The appliances are slightly warm, but the room is still warm. In addition, this method is more economical and safer.
Cast iron radiators
The average heat transfer from a separate section of the radiator made of this material is from 130 to 170 W, due to the thick walls and the large mass of the device. Therefore, it takes a lot of time to warm up the room. Although this has a reverse plus - a large inertia ensures a long preservation of heat in the radiator after the boiler is turned off.
The temperature of the coolant in it is 85-90 ° C
Aluminum radiators
This material is light, heats up easily and has good heat dissipation from 170 to 210 watts/section. However, subject to negative impact other metals and may not be installed in every system.
The operating temperature of the heat carrier in the heating system with this radiator is 70°C
Steel radiators
The material has even lower thermal conductivity. But due to the increase in surface area with partitions and ribs, it still heats well. Heat dissipation from 270 W - 6.7 kW. However, this is the power of the entire radiator, and not its individual segment. The final temperature depends on the dimensions of the heater and the number of fins and plates in its design.
The operating temperature of the coolant in the heating system with this radiator is also 70 ° C
So which one is better?
It is likely that it will be more profitable to install equipment with a combination of the properties of aluminum and steel batteries - bimetal radiator. It will cost you more, but it will also last longer.
The advantage of such devices is obvious: if aluminum can withstand the temperature of the coolant in the heating system only up to 110 ° C, then bimetal up to 130 ° C.
Heat dissipation, on the contrary, is worse than that of aluminum, but better than other radiators: from 150 to 190 watts.
Warm floor
Another way to create a comfortable temperature environment in the room. What are its advantages and disadvantages over conventional radiators?
From the school physics course, we know about the phenomenon of convection. Cold air tends to go down, and when it gets hot it goes up. That's why my feet get cold. The warm floor changes everything - the air heated below is forced to rise up.
Today, the most common heating systems in the Federation are those operating on water. The temperature of the water in the batteries directly depends on the indicators of the air temperature outside, that is, on the street, in a certain period of time. A corresponding schedule has also been approved by law, according to which responsible specialists calculate temperatures, taking into account local weather conditions and the source of heat supply.
Graphs of the coolant temperature depending on outdoor temperature designed to support the mandatory temperature conditions in the room, those that are considered optimal and comfortable for the average person.
The colder it is outside, the higher the level of heat loss. For this reason, it is important to know which indicators are applicable when calculating the desired indicators. You don't need to calculate anything yourself. All figures are approved by the relevant normative documents. They are based on the average temperatures of the five coldest days of the year. The period of the last fifty years is also taken, with the selection of the eight coldest winters for a given time.
Thanks to such calculations, it is possible to prepare for low temperatures winter, occurring at least once every few years. In turn, this allows you to significantly save when creating a heating system.
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Additional influencing factors
At the same temperatures of the coolant direct influence They also have such equally significant factors as:
- Lowering the temperature on the street, which entails a similar indoor;
- Wind speed - the higher it is, the more heat loss through front door, window;
- Tightness of walls and joints (installation plastic windows and insulation of facades significantly affects the preservation of heat).
AT recent times there have been some changes in building codes. For this reason construction companies often carry out thermal insulation work not only on facades apartment buildings, but also in basements, foundation, roof, roofing. Accordingly, the cost of such construction projects increases. At the same time, it is important to know that the costs of insulation are very significant, but on the other hand, this is a guarantee of heat savings and reduced heating costs.
For their part, construction companies understand that the costs incurred by them for the insulation of objects will be fully and soon paid off. It is also beneficial for the owners, since utility bills are very high, and if you pay, then it is really for the received and stored heat, and not for its loss due to insufficient insulation of the premises.
Temperature in the radiator
However, no matter what the weather conditions are outside and how insulated it is, the most important role is still played by the heat transfer of the radiator. Typically, in central heating systems, temperatures range from 70 to 90 degrees. However, it is important to take into account the fact that this criterion is not the only one in order to have the desired temperature regime, especially in residential areas, where in each private room temperatures should not be the same, depending on the intended purpose.
So, for example, in corner rooms there should not be less than 20 degrees, while in others 18 degrees are allowed. In addition, if the temperature outside drops to -30, established norms for rooms should be more than two degrees.
Those rooms that are intended for children should have a temperature limit of 18 to 23 degrees, depending on what they are intended for. So in the pool it cannot be less than 30 degrees, and on the veranda it must be at least 12 degrees.
Talking about school educational institution, there should not be below 21 degrees, and in the boarding school bedroom - at least 16 degrees. For a cultural mass institution, the norm is from 16 degrees to 21, and for a library - no more than 18 degrees.
What affects battery temperature?
In addition to the heat output of the coolant and the temperatures outside, the heat in the room also depends on the activity of people inside. The more movements a person makes, the lower the temperature can be and vice versa. This must also be taken into account when distributing heat. As an example, you can take any sports institution where people are a priori in active movement. It is not appropriate to maintain high temperatures because it will cause discomfort. Accordingly, an indicator of 18 degrees is optimal.
It can be noted that on thermal performance batteries inside any premises are affected not only by the outside air temperature and wind speed, but also by:
Approved schedules
Since the temperature outside has a direct impact on the heat inside the premises, a special temperature chart has been approved.
| Temperature readings outside | Inlet water, °C | Water in the heating system, °С | Outlet water, °С |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 °C | from 51 to 52 | 42-45 | from 34 to 40 |
| 7 °С | from 51 to 55 | 44-47 | from 35 to 41 |
| 6 °С | from 53 to 57 | 45-49 | from 36 to 46 |
| 5 °C | from 55 to 59 | 47-50 | from 37 to 44 |
| 4 °С | from 57 to 61 | 48-52 | from 38 to 45 |
| 3 °C | from 59 to 64 | 50-54 | from 39 to 47 |
| 2 °С | from 61 to 66 | 51-56 | from 40 to 48 |
| 1 °C | from 63 to 69 | 53-57 | from 41 to 50 |
| 0 °C | from 65 to 71 | 55-59 | from 42 to 51 |
| -1 °C | from 67 to 73 | 56-61 | from 43 to 52 |
| -2 °C | from 69 to 76 | 58-62 | from 44 to 54 |
| -3 °С | from 71 to 78 | 59-64 | from 45 to 55 |
| -4 °С | from 73 to 80 | 61-66 | from 45 to 56 |
| -5 °C | from 75 to 82 | 62-67 | from 46 to 57 |
| -6 °C | from 77 to 85 | 64-69 | from 47 to 59 |
| -7 °C | from 79 to 87 | 65-71 | from 48 to 62 |
| -8 °C | from 80 to 89 | 66-72 | from 49 to 61 |
| -9 °C | from 82 to 92 | 66-72 | from 49 to 63 |
| -10 °C | from 86 to 94 | 69-75 | from 50 to 64 |
| -11 °C | from 86 to 96 | 71-77 | from 51 to 65 |
| -12 °C | from 88 to 98 | 72-79 | from 59 to 66 |
| -13 °С | from 90 to 101 | 74-80 | from 53 to 68 |
| -14 °С | from 92 to 103 | 75-82 | from 54 to 69 |
| -15 °C | from 93 to 105 | 76-83 | from 54 to 70 |
| -16 °C | from 95 to 107 | 79-86 | from 56 to 72 |
| -17 °C | from 97 to 109 | 79-86 | from 56 to 72 |
| -18 °C | from 99 to 112 | 81-88 | from 56 to 74 |
| -19 °С | from 101 to 114 | 82-90 | from 57 to 75 |
| -20 °С | from 102 to 116 | 83-91 | from 58 to 76 |
| -21 °С | from 104 to 118 | 85-93 | from 59 to 77 |
| -22 °С | from 106 to 120 | 88-94 | from 59 to 78 |
| -23 °С | from 108 to 123 | 87-96 | from 60 to 80 |
| -24 °С | from 109 to 125 | 89-97 | from 61 to 81 |
| -25 °С | from 112 to 128 | 90-98 | from 62 to 82 |
| -26 °C | from 112 to 128 | 91-99 | from 62 to 83 |
| -27 °С | from 114 to 130 | 92-101 | from 63 to 84 |
| -28 °С | from 116 to 134 | 94-103 | from 64 to 86 |
| -29 °C | from 118 to 136 | 96-105 | from 64 to 87 |
| -30 °C | from 120 to 138 | 97-106 | from 67 to 88 |
| -31 °С | from 122 to 140 | 98-108 | from 66 to 89 |
| -32 °С | from 123 to 142 | 100-109 | from 66 to 93 |
| -33 °С | from 125 to 144 | 101-111 | from 67 to 91 |
| -34 °С | from 127 to 146 | 102-112 | from 68 to 92 |
| -35 °С | from 129 to 149 | 104-114 | from 69 to 94 |
What is also important to know?
Thanks to tabular data, it is not difficult to find out about the temperature indicators of water in systems central heating. The required part of the coolant is measured with an ordinary thermometer at the moment when the system is lowered. The identified inconsistencies between the actual temperatures and the established standards are the basis for the recalculation of utility bills. General house meters for accounting for heat energy have become very relevant today.
The responsibility for the temperature of the water that is heated in the heating main lies with the local CHP or boiler house. Transportation of heat carriers and minimal losses are assigned to the organization serving the heating network. Serves and adjusts the elevator unit of the housing department or Management Company.
It is important to know that the diameter of the elevator nozzle itself must be coordinated with the public heating network. All questions regarding low room temperature must be resolved with the governing body apartment building or other immovable object in question. The duty of these bodies is to provide citizens with minimum sanitary temperature standards.
Norms in living quarters
In order to understand when it is really relevant to apply for recalculation of payment for a utility service and require the adoption of any measures to provide heat, it is necessary to know the norms of heat in residential premises. These norms are fully regulated by Russian legislation.
So in the warm season, living quarters are not heated and the norms for them are 22-25 degrees Celsius. In cold weather, the following indicators apply:
However, do not forget about common sense. For example, bedrooms must be ventilated, they should not be too hot, but it cannot be cold either. The temperature regime in the children's room should be regulated according to the age of the child. For babies, this is the upper limit. As they grow older, the bar decreases to the lower limits.
The heat in the bathroom also depends on the humidity of the room. If the room is poorly ventilated, there is a high water content in the air, and this creates a feeling of dampness and may not be safe for the health of residents.
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For supporting comfortable temperature in the house during the heating period, it is necessary to control the temperature of the coolant in the pipes of heating networks. System workers district heating living quarters is being developed special temperature chart, which depends on weather indicators, climatic features of the region. The temperature schedule may differ in different settlements, and it may also change during the modernization of heating networks.
A schedule is drawn up in the heating network for simple principle- the lower the temperature outside, the higher it should be at the coolant.
This ratio is important basis for work enterprises that provide the city with heat.
For the calculation, an indicator was used, which is based on average daily temperature the five coldest days of the year.
ATTENTION! Compliance with the temperature regime is important not only for maintaining heat in an apartment building. It also allows you to make the consumption of energy resources in the heating system economical, rational.
The graph, which indicates the temperature of the coolant depending on the outside temperature, allows you to distribute not only heat, but also hot water among the consumers of an apartment building in the most optimal way.
How is heat regulated in the heating system
Heat regulation in an apartment building during the heating period can be carried out in two ways:
- By changing the flow rate of water at a certain constant temperature. This is a quantitative method.
- The change in the temperature of the coolant at a constant flow rate. This is a quality method.
Economical and practical is second option, at which the temperature regime in the room is observed regardless of the weather. The supply of sufficient heat to an apartment building will be stable, even if there is a sharp temperature drop outside.
ATTENTION!. The norm is the temperature of 20-22 degrees in the apartment. If the temperature charts are observed, this norm is maintained throughout the heating period, regardless of weather conditions, wind direction.
When the temperature indicator on the street decreases, data is transmitted to the boiler room and the degree of the coolant automatically increases.
A specific table of the ratio of outdoor temperature and coolant depends on factors such as climate, boiler room equipment, technical and economic indicators.
Reasons for using a temperature chart
The basis of the operation of each boiler house serving residential, administrative and other buildings, throughout heating period is a temperature graph, which indicates the standards for the indicators of the coolant, depending on what the actual outside temperature is.
- Drawing up a schedule makes it possible to prepare the heating for a decrease in the temperature outside.
- It is also energy saving.
ATTENTION! In order to control the temperature of the heating medium and be entitled to recalculation due to non-compliance thermal regime, the heat sensor must be installed in the central heating system. Meters must be checked annually.
Modern construction companies can increase the cost of housing through the use of expensive energy saving technologies during the construction of multi-apartment buildings.
Despite the change construction technologies, the use of new materials for the insulation of walls and other surfaces of the building, compliance with the norms of the temperature of the coolant in the heating system - best way maintain comfortable living conditions.
Features of calculating the internal temperature in different rooms
The rules provide for maintaining the temperature for living quarters at 18˚С, but there are some nuances in this matter.
- For angular rooms of a residential building coolant must provide a temperature of 20 ° C.
- Optimum temperature indicator for the bathroom - 25˚С.
- It is important to know how many degrees should be according to the standards in rooms intended for children. Indicator set from 18˚С to 23˚С. If this is a children's pool, you need to maintain the temperature at 30 ° C.
- Minimum temperature allowed in schools - 21˚C.
- In institutions where mass cultural events are held according to the standards, maximum temperature 21˚С, but the indicator should not fall below the figure 16˚С.
To increase the temperature in the premises during a sharp cold snap or a strong north wind, the boiler house workers increase the degree of energy supply for heating networks.
The heat transfer of the batteries is affected by the outside temperature, the type of heating system, the direction of the flow of the coolant, the state of the utility networks, the type of heater, the role of which can be played by both a radiator and a convector.
ATTENTION! The temperature delta between the supply to the radiator and the return should not be significant. Otherwise, a large difference in the coolant in different rooms and even apartment buildings.
The main factor, however, is the weather., that's why outside air measurements to maintain temperature chart is a top priority.
If it is cold outside up to 20˚С, the coolant in the radiator should have an indicator of 67-77˚С, while the norm for the return is 70˚С.
If the street temperature is zero, the norm for the coolant is 40-45˚С, and for the return - 35-38˚С. It should be noted that the temperature difference between supply and return is not large.
Why does the consumer need to know the norms for the supply of coolant?
Payment utilities in the heating column should depend on what temperature the supplier provides in the apartment.
Table of the temperature graph, according to which optimal performance boiler, shows at what temperature of the environment and by how much the boiler room should increase the degree of energy for heat sources in the house.
IMPORTANT! If the parameters of the temperature schedule are not observed, the consumer may demand a recalculation for utilities.
To measure the coolant indicator, it is necessary to drain some water from the radiator and check its degree of heat. Also successfully used thermal sensors, heat meters that can be installed at home.
The sensor is a mandatory equipment for both city boiler houses and ITPs (individual heating points).
Without such devices, it is impossible to make the operation of the heating system economical and productive. Coolant measurement is also carried out in hot water systems.
Useful video
Heating batteries today are the main existing elements of the heating system in city apartments. They are effective home appliances, responsible for the transfer of heat, since comfort and coziness in residential premises for citizens directly depend on them and their temperature.
If you refer to the Government Decree Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011, heating supply to residential apartments starts at average daily temperature outdoor air is less than eight degrees, if such a mark is consistently kept for five days. In this case, the start of heat begins on the sixth day after a decrease in the air index was recorded. For all other cases, according to the law, postponing the supply of the heat resource is allowed. In general, in almost all regions of the country, the actual heating season directly and officially begins in mid-October and ends in April.
In practice, it also happens that due to the negligent attitude of heat supply companies, the measured temperature installed batteries in the apartment does not meet the regulated standards. However, in order to complain and demand a correction of the situation, you need to know what standards are in force in Russia and how exactly to measure the existing temperature of working radiators.
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Norms in Russia
Considering the main indicators, the official temperatures of the heating batteries in the apartment are shown below. They are applicable to absolutely all existing systems in which, in direct accordance with the Decree of the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services No. 170 of September 27, 2003, the coolant (water) is supplied from the bottom up.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the temperature of the water that circulates in the radiator directly at the entrance to the functioning heating system must comply with the current schedules regulated by the utility networks for a particular room. These schedules are regulated by the Sanitary Norms and Rules in the sections of heating, air conditioning and ventilation (41-01-2003). Here, in particular, it is indicated that with a two-pipe heating system, the maximum temperature indicators are ninety-five degrees, and with a single-pipe - one hundred and five degrees. Measurements of these should be carried out sequentially in accordance with established rules otherwise, when applying to higher authorities, the testimony will not be taken into account.
Maintained temperature
Temperature heating batteries in residential apartments in centralized heating is determined according to the relevant standards, displaying a sufficient value for the premises, depending on their purpose. In this area, the standards are simpler than in the case of working premises, since the activity of residents, in principle, is not so high and is more or less stable. Based on this, the following rules are regulated:
Of course, one should take into account individual characteristics each person, everyone has different activities and preferences, therefore there is a difference in the norms from and to, and not a single indicator is fixed.
Requirements for heating systems
Heating in apartment buildings based on the result of many engineering calculations, which are not always very successful. The process is difficult because it is not about delivering hot water to a specific property, but to evenly distribute water to all available apartments, taking into account all norms and required indicators, including optimal humidity. The effectiveness of such a system depends on how coordinated the actions of its elements, which also include batteries and pipes in each room. Therefore, it is impossible to replace radiator batteries without taking into account the characteristics of heating systems - this leads to negative consequences with a deficit of heat or, conversely, its excess.
As for the optimization of heating in apartments, the following provisions apply here:
In any case, if something bothers the owner, it is worth applying to the management company, housing and communal services, the organization responsible for the supply of heat - depending on what exactly differs from the accepted norms and does not satisfy the applicant.
What to do about inconsistencies?
If the functioning heating systems used in an apartment building are functionally adjusted with deviations in the measured temperature only in your premises, you need to check the internal apartment heating systems. First of all, you should make sure that they are not airborne. It is necessary to touch the individual batteries available on the living space in the rooms from top to bottom and in reverse side- if the temperature is uneven, then the cause of the imbalance is airing and you need to bleed the air by turning a separate tap on the radiator batteries. It is important to remember that you cannot open the tap without first substituting any container under it, where water will drain. At first, the water will come out with a hiss, that is, with air, you need to close the tap when it flows without hiss and evenly. Some time later 
you should check the places on the battery that were cold - they should now be warm.
If the reason is not in the air, you need to submit an application to the management company. In turn, she must send a responsible technician to the applicant within 24 hours, who must draw up a written opinion on the discrepancy between the temperature regime and send a team to eliminate the existing problems.
If the management company did not respond to the complaint in any way, you need to take measurements yourself in the presence of neighbors.
How to measure temperature?
Consideration should be given to how to correctly measure the temperature of the radiators. It is necessary to prepare a special thermometer, open the tap and substitute some container with this thermometer under it. It should be noted right away that only a deviation upward of four degrees is permissible. If this is problematic, you need to contact the Housing Office, if the batteries are airy, apply to the DEZ. Everything should be fixed within one week.
Exist additional ways for measuring the temperature of heating batteries, namely:
In case of an unsatisfactory temperature indicator, an appropriate complaint must be filed.
Minimum and maximum indicators
As well as other indicators that are important to ensure the required conditions for people's lives (indicators of humidity in apartments, supply temperatures warm water, air, etc.), the temperature of the heating batteries, in fact, has certain allowable minimums depending on the time of year. However, neither the law nor the established norms prescribe any minimum standards for apartment batteries. Based on this, it can be noted that the indicators should be maintained in such a way that the above-mentioned allowable temperatures in the premises. Of course, if the temperature of the water in the batteries is not high enough, it will actually be impossible to provide the optimal required temperature in the apartment.
If there is no set minimum, then the maximum Sanitary standards and the rules, in particular 41-01-2003, establish. This document defines the standards that are required for an in-house heating system. As mentioned earlier, for two-pipe this is a mark of ninety-five degrees, and for one-pipe it is one hundred and fifteen degrees Celsius. However, the recommended temperatures are from eighty-five degrees to ninety, since water boils at one hundred degrees.
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The supply of heat to the room is associated with the simplest temperature graph. The temperature values of the water supplied from the boiler room do not change indoors. They have standard values and range from +70ºС to +95ºС. This temperature chart of the heating system is the most popular.
Adjusting the air temperature in the house
Not everywhere in the country centralized heating, so many residents install independent systems. Their temperature graph differs from the first option. In this case, the temperature indicators are significantly reduced. They depend on the efficiency of modern heating boilers.
If the temperature reaches +35ºС, the boiler will work on maximum power. It depends on the heating element, where thermal energy can be taken in by exhaust gases. If the temperature values are greater than + 70 ºС, then the boiler performance drops. In that case, in his technical specification 100% efficiency is indicated.
Temperature chart and calculation
How the graph will look depends on the outside temperature. The greater the negative value of the outside temperature, the greater the heat loss. Many do not know where to take this indicator. This temperature is specified in the regulatory documents. The temperature of the coldest five-day period is taken as the calculated value, and the lowest value over the past 50 years is taken.
Graph of outside and inside temperature The graph shows the relationship between outside and inside temperatures. Let's say the outside temperature is -17ºС. Drawing a line up to the intersection with t2, we get a point characterizing the temperature of the water in the heating system.
Thanks to the temperature schedule, it is possible to prepare the heating system even under the most severe conditions. It also reduces the material costs of installing a heating system. If we consider this factor from the point of view of mass construction, the savings are significant.
inside premises depends from temperature coolant, a also others factors:
- Outside air temperature. The smaller it is, the more negatively it affects heating;
- Wind. When strong wind heat loss increases;
- The indoor temperature depends on the thermal insulation of the structural elements of the building.
Over the past 5 years, the principles of construction have changed. Builders increase the value of a home by insulating elements. As a rule, this applies to basements, roofs, foundations. These costly measures subsequently allow residents to save on the heating system.
Heating temperature chart The graph shows the dependence of the temperature of the outdoor and indoor air. The lower the outdoor temperature, the higher the temperature of the heating medium in the system.
The temperature schedule is developed for each city during the heating period. In small settlements, a temperature chart of the boiler house is drawn up, which provides required amount coolant to the consumer.
Change temperature schedule can several ways:
- quantitative - characterized by a change in the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heating system;
- high-quality - consists in regulating the temperature of the coolant before being supplied to the premises;
- temporary - a discrete method of supplying water to the system.
The temperature graph is a graph of heating pipelines that distributes heating load and regulated with centralized systems. There is also increased schedule, it is created for closed system heating, that is, to ensure the supply of hot coolant to the connected objects. When applied open system it is necessary to adjust the temperature graph, since the coolant is consumed not only for heating, but also for domestic water consumption.
The calculation of the temperature graph is made according to simple method. Hto build it necessary initial temperature air data:
- outdoor;
- in room;
- in the supply and return pipelines;
- at the exit of the building.
In addition, you should know the nominal heat load. All other coefficients are normalized by reference documentation. The calculation of the system is made for any temperature graph, depending on the purpose of the room. For example, for large industrial and civil facilities, a schedule of 150/70, 130/70, 115/70 is drawn up. For residential buildings, this figure is 105/70 and 95/70. The first indicator shows the temperature on the supply, and the second - on the return. The calculation results are entered in a special table, which shows the temperature at certain points of the heating system, depending on the outside air temperature.
The main factor in calculating the temperature graph is the outside air temperature. The calculation table should be drawn up so that the maximum values of the temperature of the coolant in the heating system (schedule 95/70) provide heating of the room. The temperatures in the room are provided for by regulatory documents.
heating appliances
Temperature of heating devices The main indicator is the temperature of the heating devices. The ideal temperature curve for heating is 90/70ºС. It is impossible to achieve such an indicator, since the temperature inside the room should not be the same. It is determined depending on the purpose of the room.
In accordance with the standards, the temperature in the corner living room is +20ºС, in the rest - +18ºС; in the bathroom - + 25ºС. If the outside air temperature is -30ºС, then the indicators increase by 2ºС.
Except Togo, exist norms for others types premises:
- in rooms where children are located - + 18ºС to + 23ºС;
- children's educational institutions - + 21ºС;
- in cultural institutions with mass attendance - +16ºС to +21ºС.
This area of temperature values is compiled for all types of premises. It depends on the movements performed inside the room: the more of them, the lower the air temperature. For example, in sports facilities people move a lot, so the temperature is only +18ºС.
Air temperature in the room Exist certain factors, from which depends temperature heating appliances:
- Outside air temperature;
- Type of heating system and temperature difference: for single pipe system- + 105ºС, and for a single-pipe - + 95ºС. Accordingly, the differences in for the first region are 105/70ºС, and for the second - 95/70ºС;
- The direction of the coolant supply to the heating devices. At the top supply, the difference should be 2 ºС, at the bottom - 3ºС;
- Type of heating devices: heat transfers are different, so the temperature graph will be different.
First of all, the temperature of the coolant depends on the outside air. For example, the outside temperature is 0°C. At the same time, the temperature regime in the radiators should be equal to 40-45ºС on the supply, and 38ºС on the return. When the air temperature is below zero, for example, -20ºС, these indicators change. In this case, the flow temperature becomes 77/55ºC. If the temperature indicator reaches -40ºС, then the indicators become standard, that is, at the supply + 95/105ºС, and at the return - + 70ºС.
Additional options
In order for a certain temperature of the coolant to reach the consumer, it is necessary to monitor the state of the outside air. For example, if it is -40ºС, the boiler room should supply hot water with an indicator of + 130ºС. Along the way, the coolant loses heat, but still the temperature remains high when it enters the apartments. Optimal value+95ºС. To do this, an elevator assembly is installed in the basements, which serves to mix hot water from the boiler room and the coolant from the return pipeline.
Several institutions are responsible for the heating main. The boiler house monitors the supply of hot coolant to the heating system, and the state of the pipelines is monitored by city heating network. Behind elevator element is responsible for the JEC. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of supplying coolant to new house, you need to contact different offices.
Installation of heating devices is carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. If the owner himself replaces the battery, then he is responsible for the functioning of the heating system and changing the temperature regime.
Adjustment methods
Dismantling of the elevator assembly If the boiler room is responsible for the parameters of the coolant leaving the warm point, then the employees of the housing office should be responsible for the temperature inside the room. Many tenants complain about the cold in the apartments. This is due to the deviation of the temperature graph. In rare cases, it happens that the temperature rises by a certain value.
Heating parameters can be adjusted in three ways:
- Nozzle reaming.
If the temperature of the coolant at the supply and return is significantly underestimated, then it is necessary to increase the diameter of the elevator nozzle. Thus, more liquid will pass through it.
How to do it? Overlapping to start shut-off valves(house valves and taps on elevator node). Next, the elevator and nozzle are removed. Then it is drilled out by 0.5-2 mm, depending on how much it is necessary to increase the temperature of the coolant. After these procedures, the elevator is mounted in its original place and put into operation.
To ensure sufficient tightness of the flange connection, it is necessary to replace the paronite gaskets with rubber ones.
- Suction dampening.
At extreme cold when there is a problem of freezing of the heating system in the apartment, the nozzle can be completely removed. In this case, the suction can become a jumper. To do this, it is necessary to muffle it with a steel pancake, 1 mm thick. Such a process is performed only in critical situations, since the temperature in the pipelines and heating appliances will reach 130ºС.
- Drop adjustment.
In the middle of the heating period, a significant increase in temperature can occur. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate it using a special valve on the elevator. To do this, the supply of hot coolant is switched to the supply pipeline. A manometer is mounted on the return. Adjustment occurs by closing the valve on the supply pipeline. Next, the valve opens slightly, and the pressure should be monitored using a pressure gauge. If you just open it, then there will be a drawdown of the cheeks. That is, an increase in the pressure drop occurs in the return pipeline. Every day, the indicator increases by 0.2 atmosphere, and the temperature in the heating system must be constantly monitored.
Heat supply. Video
How the heat supply of private and apartment buildings is arranged can be found in the video below.
When drawing up a temperature schedule for heating, it is necessary to take into account various factors. This list includes not only structural elements building, but the outside temperature, as well as the type of heating system.
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