The most comfortable room air temperature standards. What should be the air temperature in the apartment: norm

If you do not know what the air temperature in the apartment should be in winter, how to measure and increase it, then this article is for you.

The temperature in the apartment

Name of premises	Air temperature, С	Resulting temperature, C	Relative humidity, %	Air speed, m/s
cold period of the year
Living room	18-24	17-23
The same, in areas of the coldest five-day period (minus 31 degrees and below)	20-24	19-23
Kitchen	18-26	17-25	n/n*
Toilet	18-26	17-25	n/n
Bathroom, combined toilet	18-26	17-26	n/n
Inter-apartment corridor	16-22	15-21
Lobby, staircase	14-20	13-19	n/n
Storerooms	12-22	11-21	n/n	n/n
Warm period of the year
Living room	20-28	18-27

• AT ordinary rooms- 18 degrees.
• In corner rooms - 20 degrees.
• In the bathroom - 25 degrees.
• Battery temperature - a maximum of 35 degrees.

At the same time, it is assumed that the apartment can be warmer. established norm by 4 degrees and colder - by 3. Temperature fluctuations are also allowed for a larger interval at night.

The apartment may not be heated in winter for a maximum of 24 hours per month. At the same time, no more than 16 hours at a time. If this condition is not met, then tenants must pay less for heating for each extra hour.

If any of the above does not correspond to the norm, then you can complain to the DEZ, the HOA or the management company. If they do not take action, then you need to complain to the city department of the State Housing Inspectorate. In this case, there hotline and an online application form. However, first you need to prove that in the apartment low temperature due to management companies. And to prove it, you need to take measurements.

For this, infrared thermometers are usually used. They must be registered and have a certificate. Otherwise, the data will not be taken into account.

To measure temperatures with an infrared thermometer, you need to install a massive object a little more than one meter high in a place that is the center of two planes:

• 1st plane is separated from the battery and outer wall half a meter
• 2nd plane - the intersection of the diagonals of the room

The picture shows this place more clearly.

After you put a massive object in the right place, wait a while for it to take the temperature of the room. Then point the beam of the infrared thermometer at it (while the beam should be at a height of 1 meter from the floor).

You need to measure the temperature in this way at least three times. The time between sets should not be less than 5 minutes. After that, the average value of temperatures is calculated.

If the apartment has several rooms, then measurements are taken in the room with the largest area.

If the average temperature of the measurements is normal, then you will not be able to make a claim to the management company. Just as you cannot do this if the temperature is below normal and there are heat leaks. By the way, by eliminating heat leaks, you will increase the temperature in the apartment by at least 3-5 degrees.

How to increase the temperature in the apartment and eliminate heat leaks

Seal cracks in windows and doors. If the balcony is not glazed, then insulate the door leading to it. More details about this are in the articles:

• Insulate an apartment and save 3-10 thousand rubles on electricity

The remaining leaks can be detected using thermal imaging research.

If you have fixed the leaks, but the apartment is still cold, you should pay attention to the heating radiators. Their surface should have the same temperature (and not so - it is warmer at one end than at the other). Also, approximately the same temperature should be at the riser with the battery.

If this is not the case, then there may be several reasons:

• heating system worn out at home
• any radiator is defective
• Have you set the temperature on your thermostat?

In the first two cases, again, you need to contact the HOA or the management company. True, battery replacement will have to wait until the end of the heating season.

If you decide to start repairs in the winter, then you can not wait for the end of the heating season. Entrust it to us, we will replace the heating system at the same time.

Utility bills are growing every year, especially in times of crisis for the economy. Unfortunately, nothing similar can be said about their quality. When citizens give a significant part of their hard-earned funds to ensure comfortable conditions of residence, utilities strive to be dishonest on all fronts of their work.

Dear readers! Our articles talk about typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is unique.

If you want to know how to solve exactly your problem - contact the online consultant form on the right or call free consultation:

If, during self-measurement, you have established that the temperature norm is lowered, you should inform the Emergency Dispatch Service about this. If the violation of heat supply is not caused by natural factors (for example, an accident on a heating main), the dispatcher calls the emergency team to the house, which is the official act of measurement.

The measurement must be carried out by a registered device that has all the necessary technical documents. The act contains the following information:

• the date of its compilation,
• characteristics of the apartment,
• composition of the commission
• instrument data,
• temperature values,
• signatures of all committee members.

The act is drawn up in two copies, one of which remains with the owner of the apartment, and the other with the housing and communal services employees who measure.

Air exchange rate

Air temperature is not the only parameter that directly affects the comfort and safety of people living in the house. Air exchange is important for the body: the presence fresh air, ventilation of residential and non-residential premises.

This parameter is also regulated by SanPiN regulations. Thus, the required rate of air exchange for a dwelling with an area of ​​18 m² is 3 m³ / h per square meter, for the kitchen - three times more.

The air exchange rate is a characteristic determined by the ratio of the air removed or supplied from the room per hour of time to the volume of this room.

How to measure the coolant?

The heat carrier in the central heating system is hot water flowing from the tap.

You can measure its temperature different ways, but the simplest is measurement of tap water temperature with a thermometer poured into a glass.

Pipe temperature measurement is also possible. The value of this parameter should be equal to 50-70°С.

Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature standard

If the room temperature is below normal in winter, what should I do?

By law, citizens have the right to demand reduction of payment for heat by 0.15% for each hour that utilities do not comply with your temperature norm. Having carried out simple calculations, it can be established that for 4 weeks of providing a low-quality home heating service, the payment for it is reduced by more than 90%. Of course, public utilities will not voluntarily agree to such a recalculation, and therefore it is necessary to go to court.

Application for recalculation of payment for heating in Management company can be downloaded.

History knows examples when citizens managed to defend their rights. So, in 2014, a resident of the Perm Territory recovered 136 thousand rubles from public utilities for non-compliance by public utilities with their obligations to provide her house with heat.

Temperature standards in the apartment. Watch video:

Quite often, complaints are heard: “It’s cold at home! Why do we have to pay for barely warm batteries? What should be the temperature in the apartment in winter? Let's deal with these issues and find out in which cases it is legal to file a complaint with the Housing Office, and in which it is not.

Heating season

For every little thing in Russia there are special regulations. Our legislators did not ignore the climate inside the dwellings. They clearly established what temperature should be in the apartment of an average resident of the country. The law states that the period when the premises begin to be heated centrally begins when the outside temperature is at plus eight for five days. Similarly, it ends heating season. Again, short frosts in the off-season ZhEKi do not oblige to anything.

But what if the heating season has begun, but the house is still cold? Residents can write an application to the Housing Office. However, the concepts of "cold" and "hot" are very subjective. In order not to be unfounded in your complaint, you need to measure the temperature with a thermometer and give clear numbers of indicators. So, the law meticulously establishes minimum standards for different rooms: in residential corner room it should be +20, in the kitchen - +18, and in the bathroom, where we have to strip naked - and all +25.

At a height of one and a half meters from the floor, and a meter from the outer wall, install a thermometer and record its data. In housing and communal services they know what temperature should be in the apartment. They also know that for every hour you deviate from these parameters, your heating bill should be reduced by 0.15 percent. Now take a calculator and calculate how much you have to pay for barely warm batteries.

There are also clearly defined rules on this issue. All year round, hot water should be supplied to the taps: not lower than + 50 and not higher (to avoid burns) + 70 degrees. During the heating season, such water should also fill the batteries. How to check if hot water in your house is supplied as required by the regulations? Open the faucet, substitute a glass with a thermometer. A deviation of 4 degrees is allowed, but only upwards.

Troubleshooting

Perhaps the housing office is not to blame for anything, and your batteries are simply “airy”. In this case, the tenant writes a statement to the DEZ.

The master must come and fix the breakdown within a week (depending on the complexity of the repair). After checking, the DEZ engineer draws up an act, one copy of which remains in the hands of the tenant and can serve as the basis for recalculating the rent for this period.

Recalculation of payment for heating

If you suffer from a systematic deviation of indicators from accepted standards (and they are determined special rules, where it is described in great detail how the services are provided, which are taken communal payments), you can start a lawsuit. As a result, utilities will either fix problems with heating, or you will pay less for it. Even in the event of an accident or other emergency, it is clearly stated how long people can remain without hot water. According to section VIII of the above Rules, residents must report in writing to the accident service (ZHEK, housing and communal services, etc.) about all problems, including inadequate indoor climate. A commission comes with a check and draws up an act, which indicates what temperature should be in the apartment, and what it really is. This document is signed by the complainant himself. If the commission did not appear, a similar act can be drawn up by the tenant, who took the neighbors as witnesses. The recalculation of the fee is set for the entire "Ice Age" - until the breakdown is fixed and your house becomes warm again.

What temperature should be in the apartment in winter, and what - in summer? These questions relate to the concept of "thermal comfort", that is, to such a temperature in the room at which a person does not feel either cold or heat. Let's take a closer look at this topic in the article.

Key questions regarding thermal comfort

As summer ends and begins autumn period, many people wear warm shirts, jackets and windbreakers, and at this time the old debate arises about when to start the heating season in apartments with central heating, or what temperature the heater thermostat should be set to in homes with individual heating systems.

In addition to the question of what should be the air temperature in the apartment, there are other similar questions that relate to the temperature in the workplace, in public transport and at the entrances of houses. Some people freeze and wrap themselves in sweaters and jackets, while others continue to wear fairly light clothing. This is because the sensation of cold or heat is influenced by individual factors, but also by factors environment. Let's consider them in more detail.

Outdoor temperature and air humidity

Considering the question, what room temperature should be in the apartment, first of all, it should be borne in mind that there are two main factors on which the answer to the question posed depends:

• outdoor temperature;
• humidity in the room.

The human body has the ability to adapt to the environment, adjusting its biological systems to external conditions. This means that the feeling of thermal comfort in summer and winter time will be different. So, in summer, our body is better adapted to high temperatures, therefore, in the apartment, these temperatures should be higher than in the cold season. That is, the whole idea of ​​comfort is to minimize temperature gradients outdoors and indoors.

As for the humidity of the air, that is, the amount of water vapor dissolved in the air, it should be said here that the perception of temperature by our body depends on it. Thus, the higher the humidity, the stronger man feels hot, although temperatures may be relatively low.

Temperature standards in Russia and the USA

The question of what temperature should be in an apartment in winter is regulated in Russia by GOST R 51617-2000 and SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10, according to which a comfortable temperature in apartments should be between 18 ° C and 25 ° C. This GOST also establishes what temperatures should be in various rooms, for example, low values ​​from the specified limit should correspond to the temperature in the hallway, medium values ​​to the temperature in the bedroom, and high values are suitable for the bathroom.

It is also interesting to cite the American standard for comfortable temperatures and compare it with the Russian one. The most common standard in the United States is the so-called ASHRAE 55. This standard provides a graphical representation of comfortable indoor temperature zones, taking into account the season and air humidity. According to the American standard, in winter the apartment should have temperatures of 21-24 ° C for humidity limits from 30% to 65%, while in summer for the specified humidity limits the comfortable air temperature limit is higher and is 23-27 ° C. At the same time, the ideal temperature is 21 ° C in winter, and 26 ° C in summer.

A comparison of Russian and American standards for the temperature in an apartment in winter shows that they are quite consistent with each other, if you stick to the average values ​​in the indicated Russian limit allowable temperatures.

Individual characteristics of a person and thermal comfort

Opening the topic of what temperature should be in the apartment, it is necessary to note one important point, which is as follows: features of the perception of ambient temperature in different people various. Thus, people who have more adipose tissue are more resistant to cold than those who have little fat.

In addition, recent studies have confirmed that women begin to feel cold and freeze earlier than men. The explanation for this fact is quite paradoxical: when the ambient temperature begins to decrease, the blood vessels in the woman's skin contract and shrink, in this way female body begins to save heat and spends it on heating the brain and internal organs to a greater extent than on the peripheral zones of the body. However, the "cold" receptors are located on the surface of the skin, and since less blood has begun to flow to it, they give a signal to the woman's brain that they are starting to freeze. In men, no such mechanism of thermoregulation has been found.

Human age and physical activity

What should be the air temperature in the apartment? In addition to the factors considered and the figures given, it is also necessary to keep in mind physical activity person and his age. It is known that at an older age, many processes in the body slow down, so the comfortable temperature for an elderly person will always be 1-3 ° C higher than for a young body. On the other hand, the higher the activity of a person, the faster the metabolic processes in his body and the lower the temperature standards for him should be.

Why is it important to monitor the temperature in an apartment or house?

For a complete answer to this question, two fundamental points must be taken into account: human performance and energy costs.

It is well known that human performance depends on air temperature, and if the latter is unsuitable, then the quality and efficiency of performance various works will start to drop significantly. So, according to one American study, if the temperature in the room drops below 20 ° C, then people begin to make mistakes of various kinds 44% more often than at a temperature of 21 ° C.

Saving energy is one of the most pressing issues that every person faces. It has been established that an increase in air temperature for every degree in an apartment or house leads to an increase in energy costs by 7%. This means that in the absence of special requirements for maintaining a certain temperature regime indoors should always be kept to a minimum allowed values in winter and the maximum allowable in summer. Recall, in answering the question, what minimum temperature should be in the apartment in winter, that it should be 21 ° C, so there is no need to set the temperature higher, for example, 23 ° C, otherwise you will have to pay 14% more for 2 ° C of heat, and the difference for the health of the body between the numbers is 21 ° C and 23 °C are absolutely none.

Many people wonder what temperature should be in a corner apartment. The recommended rates remain the same, however, since corner apartments in houses are usually cold, then the cost of heating them will be somewhat higher than for similar apartments in the middle of the house.

The issue of energy saving

When answering the question of what temperature should be in the apartment, it should be said that its optimal value in winter is 21 ° C. However, it is not necessary to maintain this temperature throughout the day. So, if a person goes to work and there are no people left in the apartment, then you can set the heater thermostat to a temperature of 15 ° C, but if a person leaves the apartment for several days, then the thermostat can generally be set to 5 ° C. In addition, the kitchen does not need to be heated at all, since it has its own heat sources (refrigerator, electric or gas stove), which will maintain the required temperature.

Modern technologies take care of a person in many ways, for example, many modern heating systems allow you to use the climate control mode, which itself will monitor the temperature in the room.

Concluding the topic of what temperature should be in the apartment, we will give tips that will allow a person to feel comfortable in the apartment, but at the same time save energy and cash for space heating:

• Before going to bed, it is recommended to turn off all heaters, and ventilate the room in the morning, and then turn them on.
• The heater cores must be kept clean. Also, there should be no objects near them that interfere with the free movement of air.
• At night, it is recommended to close the curtains of the windows: in this way, you can save some energy.

The microclimate in the apartment is determined by many factors. This includes air temperature. The word temperature is of Latin origin and means " normal condition". Approximately normal room temperature according to scientific calculations is from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. But, of course, the main requirement for it is to be comfortable for people living in the apartment. In addition, the temperature regime in the house may depend on numerous nuances. It is worth considering them to create a comfortable atmosphere in your home.

Factors influencing the temperature in the apartment

First of all, let's take into account external factors affecting the temperature in the apartment. So, room temperature may vary due to:

• General climatic terrain features;
• change season;
• Age and preference tenants;
• Features concrete premises.

How the amount of allocated energy allocated for heating is measured is explained in this article:

Climatic features

The norm of the temperature regime in the room varies for each specific area. So, for example, she will different for northern and southern regions, for east and west. For African countries, it will be one, and for Asian or, for example, European, another.

Climate different countries is different. And climate is not just temperature. This concept also includes the humidity in the apartment and outside, as well as atmospheric pressure. The combination of these factors affects the determination of the norm of air temperature in the room. As a rule, in hotter countries with high humidity air temperature standards for residential premises are higher than for northern countries with a cold climate.

Change of season

Depending on the change of season, the temperature in the apartment may also vary. For example, in winter it will not be too high, but in summer period will grow accordingly. On average for European climate acceptable temperature in the cold season 19-22 degrees Celsius, and in a roast 22−25. The difference at first glance seems insignificant, but begins to matter with constant exposure.

Human factor

The main purpose of temperature control in an apartment is to create a comfort zone for the people living in it. Someone feels comfortable in the heat and does not think about buying an air conditioner, while someone lives in the cold with the windows open. However, do not forget that human preferences do not always correspond to the correct temperature regime. Overheating of the room, as well as its excessive hypothermia, can be extremely adversely affect human health.

Be sure to take into account the difference in temperature norms for people of different sex and age. For example, the comfortable temperature differs for men and women by about by 2-3 degrees. Women are more thermophilic than men.

Particular attention must be paid to the temperature in the apartment where he lives Small child. For example, a baby has not yet developed thermoregulation of the body, so it is very sensitive to temperature changes, quickly freezes and overheats. Therefore, the temperature in the children's room must be stable. On average, it is 20-23 degrees Celsius.

Temperature for each room

Depending on what functionality this or that room performs in the apartment, the norm of the temperature regime changes.

It should also be remembered that too large a temperature difference in different rooms should not be. A difference of 2-3 degrees is considered ideal, so that when moving around the apartment, a person does not feel the difference.

The temperature in the apartment regulated by one of the GOSTs, as well as the rules for the provision of public services. It is noteworthy that this norm has only a lower temperature threshold of 18 ° C, but it does not have a higher one. That is, the highest standard must be set by ourselves, based on their own preferences and focusing on research in this area.

There is also a table that shows the recommended norms for indoor air temperature for housing, as well as the speed of movement and air humidity.

Despite personal preference, temperature norm should still be adhered to at least minimally. This is especially true during the periods of summer and winter, when the temperature in the apartment and on the street are radically different. Therefore, going out into the street and returning home, we constantly exposed to temperature fluctuations. First of all, it is worth considering that the difference between the air temperature inside the apartment and outside should not exceed 4-5 degrees. Failure to do this leads to the fact that the body receives a certain stress. Having, for example, cardiac problems can cause a heart attack. Also, non-compliance with the temperature regime can lead to overheating or hypothermia of the body. Both states have dangerous consequences about which it is worth saying a few additional words.

Overheating of the body

Excessively hot atmosphere in the apartment creates conditions favorable for the reproduction of all kinds of bacteria. As a result, we get infectious diseases in a seemingly inappropriate hot season.

First of all, overheating has a detrimental effect on the heart. In conditions of excessive heat, the human body begins to lose moisture, the blood begins to thicken and, accordingly, the heart need to work hard to distill the blood. This can be a serious problem for people with cardiovascular disease.

Also, overheating the body is dangerous. dehydration, because, trying to maintain a balance of external and internal heat, we begin to sweat and, accordingly, lose moisture. Without replenishing it from the outside, we get dehydration of the body, which can lead to serious disturbances in the water and electrolyte balance and nervous system.

For supporting optimum temperature In winter, you need to choose high-quality heating radiators:

Hypothermia of the body

Hypothermia, in medicine hypothermia" is extremely dangerous for human health. Hypothermia affects the entire human body as a whole and can cause serious illness.

With a decrease in temperature, the heat transfer of the body increases; with its prolonged low effect, the body does not have time to compensate for heat losses and maintain normal temperature. Decreased body temperature is below 36 degrees Celsius.

Hypothermia of the body can cause acute respiratory diseases, as well as diseases of the nervous system. Hypothermia is especially dangerous in little children, since their body does not have adult heat dissipation and therefore cools much faster and suffers more from it.

Summarizing the above, it is worth noting that the ambient temperature has a significant impact on human health. She might like to help him carry on body hardening and vice versa can create conditions for the exacerbation of chronic and the acquisition of new diseases.

That is why you should carefully consider maintaining a comfortable temperature in the apartment. This will be easy to do by following the above recommendations.