How to make a hole in How to make a hole in a pipe: instructions

Many individual developers remember about the input nodes of engineering systems during the distribution of water supply and sewerage. If technological holes in the foundation were not made when concreting the tape, they can be made independently in several ways using different tools.

In the arsenal of a home master, most often there is a household power tool. Therefore, in 75% of cases, you will need to rent a hammer drill or a diamond drilling machine. The price of the service is 800 - 1500 rubles / day, for a day you can make all the holes for the communication input nodes and ventilation vents in the basement of the foundation tape with your own hands.

The maximum diameter of the technological opening is required only for sewerage, the remaining openings can be made smaller. With independent concreting of the MZLF, the location of the reinforcement is approximately known from the design documentation. This reduces the likelihood of tool contact with the bars inside the belt.

Attention! It should be taken into account that each cut rod is an automatic decrease in strength in the event of tensile forces caused by soil swelling.

Perforator

You can punch a technological opening in concrete under the sewer with a perforator. It is recommended to use different modes of this power tool for different equipment:

• drilling - when using a crown tool;
• impact drilling - if a standard drill is installed.

Slotting with peaks and blades is not recommended, as this leads to the opening of microcracks that weaken the structure. The edges of the technological opening turn out to be torn, chipped, more efforts are required to ensure the tightness of the communications entry unit. The crown allows you to get almost perfectly even walls of the hole in order to bring pipes with a diameter of 50 - 110 mm through reinforced concrete.

Crown

To solve various problems, the industry produces crowns of various types. Carbide modifications are intended exclusively for the installation of socket boxes. Diamond tubular crowns allow you to pass through a 30 - 50 cm strip foundation through and through to make a hole in one step. Such equipment costs from 5 thousand, which is not economically profitable for a home master.

Therefore, step drilling technology is used to drill a 50 mm hole:

• deepening to the length of the carbide crown;
• cutting with a pike or chisel of an internal concrete cylinder;
• installation of an extension 30 - 50 cm;
• repeat operations until a through opening is obtained.

The disadvantage of carbide tooling is mechanical damage to the teeth (chipping, breakage) upon contact with the reinforcement. Diamond spraying of tubular modifications equally easily cuts both concrete and reinforcing bars.

Important! The power of the perforator must correspond to the diameter of the crown (from 2 kW for 50 mm equipment) in order to avoid injuries caused by the scrolling of the tool body when the working body is jammed in the thickness of the concrete.

Boer

You can drill a hole of any diameter with a standard carbide drill. To do this, you need to mark the opening:

• circle of the required diameter;
• marks around the perimeter depending on the size of the drill.

After that, several through holes are drilled around the perimeter, the inner piece of concrete is knocked out or crumbled with a chisel or perforator blade. The disadvantage of this method is the torn edge, the highest possible labor costs. However, the technology allows you to save the budget at least twice compared to a diamond pipe, which is unlikely to be needed in the household.

We hollow out the remains of concrete with a chisel.

Angle grinders, furrow cutters and wall chasers are useless for making through holes of small diameter. A “grinder” with a tool for stone or a diamond blade can cut a large-format opening in concrete according to a stepped pattern of penetration into the structural material. However, this is not economically viable for communication input nodes - the hole will be much larger than the desired size, the integrity of the reinforcing cage will suffer, concreting and filling voids with bricks or sealing in any other way will be required.

diamond drilling

It is easiest and fastest to punch a hole for a sewer with a special diamond drilling machine. The design of the equipment looks like:

• drill + tripod + air or water cooling tubes (compressor and pump are used, respectively);
• base plate (frame) + rod + support for fixing the electric drive (similar to a drill) with a gear, a collar.

The first option is cheaper to rent, however, requires a certain skill. Diamond drilling machines with a base plate are easier to operate, have transport wheels and fixation mechanisms to horizontal, inclined and vertical edges of the reinforced concrete structure. The water cooling pump is usually integrated with the tank.

To make a through hole through reinforced concrete, the base plate will need to be fixed to the surface. This requires two blind technological holes 12 mm. There are modifications with a vacuum plate that do not require additional concrete drilling. The air is pumped out with a fitting, rubberized sides provide a secure fit even on rough surfaces.

Drilling ducts in the foundation with a diamond drill.

It is most convenient to drill through holes through reinforced concrete yourself with machines with spacer posts. Different manufacturers have a slightly different design, but there are 4 mandatory elements:

• a caliper with a gear to which the electric drive is attached;
• toothed rack on a beam with a folding movable clamp;
• bed in the form of a support platform;
• telescopic rod for positioning equipment in space relative to the drilling surface.

Renting professional equipment in this case is preferable, as it ensures the safety of a home master, who most often does not have the necessary qualifications and work experience.

During the construction of pipelines, laying sewers and other works, it periodically becomes necessary to make a hole in a pipe of a certain diameter and shape. On the one hand, this is a simple job that can be done by novice masters on their own, on the other hand, any process has its own nuances and difficulties that it is desirable to know about in advance.

Preparation for work

To drill a hole in a pipe, you need:

• prepare the necessary equipment;
• learn the nuances of the process to avoid mistakes.

Necessary equipment

Cutting holes in pipes is done using:

• a conventional drill or a special professional tool. A special machine is used by people whose profession is related to the installation of pipelines. For home purposes, a drill with a speed control function and a set of various drills is enough;

• vice for fixing the pipe;
• a file with which, if necessary, it will be possible to expand the hole;
• a hammer. With the help of this tool, small diameter holes are punched;
• a wooden block or a homemade template that fixes the drill in a given position.

When cutting holes, do not forget about basic safety precautions. When drilling pipes, it is recommended to wear protective gloves and goggles.

Nuances

1. Determine the type of material used to make the pipe. Each material has its own characteristics that must be taken into account.
2. Determine the wall thickness of the pipe. The larger this parameter, the more powerful the equipment will be required. When drilling a through hole, the outer diameter of the pipe must also be taken into account.

1. To give the drill additional stability, a wooden block or a special template is used:
   • if a bar is used, then it is necessary to drill a hole of the required diameter in it and fix the finished structure at the location of the hole in the pipe. The width of the bar (about 50 mm) will fix the drill and will not allow it to deviate from the given direction;
   • homemade template is also made from a wooden block. The main difference between the designs is that the template contains several prepared holes of different diameters and is equipped with a mounting vice, while the bar must be prepared for each hole separately.

1. when drilling metal and cast iron, the drill may overheat, so it is recommended to periodically moisten it with cold water;
2. only sharp drills, most suitable for a particular material, can be used.

Taking into account all the mentioned nuances will allow you to quickly and efficiently make the necessary holes.

Small diameter holes

General drilling pattern

Drilling holes in a metal pipe, including a profile pipe made of metal, is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. the pipe is securely clamped in a vice;

1. if it is required to cut several holes, then the pipe is pre-marked. For this, a tape measure and a marker are used;
2. a prepared bar or template is installed in place of the hole;
3. the drill is wetted in water to prevent it from overheating;
4. drilling is performed.

When working with metal pipes, it is recommended to use the following as additional lubrication and protection against overheating of the drill:

• machine oil for steel pipes;
• soap solution for copper products.

Features of work on cast iron pipes

Drilling holes in a cast iron pipe requires:

• compliance with all safety standards. Since small chips may form during the operation, in addition to protecting the eyes and hands, it is recommended to use a respirator or gauze bandage. In addition, in the room where the work is carried out, there must be high-quality ventilation;
• drilling a hole in a sewer pipe made of cast iron is recommended at low speed drills. The power of the equipment can be gradually increased;
• for drilling, drills with victorious tips are the best choice.

Features of work on plastic pipes

Cutting holes in plastic pipes, such as drain pipes, is the easiest task. This does not require special equipment. All work can be done with a simple drill.

When drilling, there are some features:

• it is necessary to cut holes at the minimum speed of the drill, since under the influence of high temperature the pipe can be deformed;
• if even and neat holes are required, then after drilling it is necessary to refine them with a small file or a sharp knife.

Drilling large holes

Now let's look at how to cut a hole for a pipe in a pipe or how to make holes of large diameters. For this you need:

1. fix the pipe and apply markings on it;
2. according to the scheme described above, drill a hole of small diameter;
3. put on a drill a special nozzle for drilling large holes;

1. insert the center drill into the prepared hole;
2. carefully, first at low speeds of the tool, make a hole of the desired diameter.

When working with nozzles, the drill must be kept in a strictly vertical position. Due to the slightest shift in the equipment, the hole will turn out to be irregular in shape and at an angle.

If a hole with a size of 5 mm to 10-15 mm is required, then the use of special nozzles is not required. It is enough to first drill a small hole, and then use a larger diameter drill to bring the hole to the desired size.

Cutting square holes

Square holes are most commonly cut into square tubing to connect sections into a finished structure. There are several ways in which such holes can be made. The first one is as follows:

1. on the pipe section, the area and dimensions of the future hole are marked;
2. the first stage is cutting a round hole of small diameter according to the scheme presented above;
3. then a drill or nozzle of a larger diameter is selected, which is most suitable for the size of the circle inscribed in the square;
4. a round hole of large diameter is cut;
5. using files of different sizes, a square (rectangular) section is made from a round hole.

The second way is to use a special nozzle instead of files. The preliminary stages completely coincide with points 1 - 4 of the above instructions. The prepared hole requires minimal rework.

The article discusses the method of drilling pipes without special equipment. How the drilling machine works is shown in the video.

So, drilling holes in metal, cast iron or plastic pipes is not a difficult task. If you have an ordinary drill with various drills and nozzles, you can make holes of different diameters and geometric shapes in a short time.

Periodically, situations arise that require the creation of holes of various diameters in glasses. For example, this is required when mounting mirrors or when installing various devices on glass. This is a very rare type of work, and therefore calling a specialist can be very expensive.

You can do the necessary work yourself and do without the services of a master. However, you need to understand that glass is a rather fragile and expensive material, so you should carefully prepare before you start drilling.

Composition and stages of production

The composition of ordinary glass includes quartz sand, lime and soda. Various additives greatly affect the final properties of the material, but quartz sand remains the main component, and its amount reaches 75% in the mixture. The lime component adds shine, strength, and protects against many chemicals. Soda can significantly lower the melting point of the mixture. To the most common additional components include:

• Lead gives extra shine and ringing.
• Manganese, nickel and chromium are used to obtain various shades.
• Boric acid gives strength, shine and lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion.

Industrial glass production includes the following steps:

Currently, there are many types of this material, depending on the components used in the production. The most common are:

Nozzles for drilling and rules of work

Most often, the need for drilling occurs when using industrial glasses, quartz, crystal. These types are often fragile, so unskilled attempts to make holes most often end in damage to the workpiece, so the process must be approached very responsibly.

Drills for metal and concrete are not similar in shape to special glass drills. They must be used very carefully, and if possible, then not used at all. But if only these types of drills are available, then it is best to use carbide concrete or spear-shaped drills for tiles. Drills for metal must be hardened.

There are also special nozzles designed specifically for glass:

• Carbide drills of feather-shaped or spear-shaped form of various diameters. It is highly desirable to use those that have diamond coating on the cutting part.
• A drill presented in the form of a tube. This type of glass drill can be used when you need to make a hole of a large diameter. When working with this nozzle, it is advisable to use a drilling machine.

When carrying out drilling work, you must adhere to the following rules:

Surface cooling can be done in several ways:

• Cover the drilling site with plasticine and pour water.
• Lay a moistened rag or cotton ball around the hole to be treated so that the water gradually flows into the recess.
• You can wet the drill itself, and a break in work will allow the drilling tool to cool.

Ways to make a hole in glass without a drill

In the absence of a drill and the possibility of acquiring it, you can make holes using other methods or make a homemade drill, but such methods do not have high accuracy and quality, as a result of which they can damage the glass surface. But still, some methods can theoretically be applied, so they should be listed.

With sand and solder

Quite an interesting way that does not require drilling skills and tools. To use it you will need:

• Sand.
• Low-melting solder, for example, tin-lead.
• A container in which this solder will be melted.

The surface in which you want to make a hole should be degreased and dried, after which a hill of wet sand is poured onto the area in which the hole should be located. Next, you need to make a recess in it of such a diameter that the hole being created requires.

Solder melted with a torch or soldering iron is poured into the formed hole, after which you need to wait for it to completely harden. With the subsequent removal of sand and hardened solder, a hole of the desired diameter remains on the glass.

This method is distinguished by high quality and accuracy of the resulting hole.

Making a homemade drill

In the absence of special nozzles for working with glass, you can make them yourself.

To do this, you need a metal rod and a simple glass cutter with a diamond roller. To turn it into a drill, you need to cut a hole in the rod, into which the roller is inserted and fixed so as to remain motionless relative to the rod.

The resulting workpiece is fixed in the drill chuck, and then drilling is carried out according to the principle of a conventional drill.

You can also prepare a conventional drill, for example, for metal for working with glass. To do this, you need to clamp it in a vice or pliers and keep it in the flame of a gas burner until the metal is white-hot. After that, the drill is dipped in warm water or oil. The tool thus hardened is suitable for glass drilling.

With a metal tube

A piece of metal tube is also suitable for making a hole in the absence of a drill. To do this, cuts are made on the part of the pipe that will be cut to create a cutting part in the form of teeth. When applying such work, auxiliary abrasive powders or pastes should be used, but this method is quite laborious and often leads to damage to the workpiece.

Using a glass cutter

An ordinary glass cutter can also replace a drill, the main thing is not to make sharp jerky movements, not to put pressure on the glass, and to tap the formed cut surface with the handle of the tool.

To cut holes of large diameters with a glass cutter, you can use a compass, fixing one part of it in the center of the intended hole, and the second part (on which the glass cutter is fixed) to cut the surface.

Often there is a need to drill glass at home. Videos of these works can be found on the Internet, they cover such topics well in simple language with illustrative examples.

Work, if possible, is best done with a screwdriver, and not with a drill. This will give a softer way to drill and reduce the chance of damaging the glass surface. In addition, it is recommended to use protective glasses and clothing, and drilling should be carried out in non-residential premises.

It is important to observe the minimum indents from the edge of the workpiece: for fragile materials - at least 25 mm, for ordinary types of glass - at least 15 mm.

It should be remembered that glass is a rather fragile and expensive material, so you need to work with it very carefully. In the absence of experience in such work, it is important to practice on unnecessary pieces of glass in order to gain experience and understanding of the process.

There are times when you need to make a hole in the glass. In reality, this is not so easy to do. In this article, you will learn a couple of ways to solve this problem.

How to drill glass

If you need to make a hole in the glass, for example, to hang a mirror or insert a handle in a glass cabinet door, you can use these simple methods.

For the first method you will need:

• the glass itself
• drill for metal
• drill
• acetone
• turpentine
• alcohol

To drill a hole in the glass, you need to lay it on a flat surface, for this you can use a large sheet of plywood, the edges of the glass should not hang over.

The rotation speed of the drill on the drill is set to “one” or to “minimum”, depending on the configuration of the drill. It is necessary to exclude a strong beating of the drill so that the glass does not crack when drilling, a drilling machine is better in this case.

With acetone or alcohol, degrease the surface of the glass in the place where we will drill it. The drill is placed in the center of the proposed hole, the drill is turned on, when drilling, you need to drip a little on the glass, at the drilling site, turpentine. You can simply make a small circle-funnel out of plasticine and pour turpentine into it.

To prevent the glass from cracking, you need to press the drill easily, without any extra effort.

The second method will require:

• glass
• solder in the form of lead or tin,
• fine wet sand
• a stick sharpened under a cone, and the tip of the stick should have the diameter of the intended hole
• alcohol or acetone.

The work is performed as follows: the glass surface is degreased in the place where the intended hole will be located. Sand is poured into the drilling site, a slide of three centimeters in height. A hole is made in the sand with a stick so that a funnel is formed, the molten solder is poured into the funnel.

I think each of you made a case for your electronic crafts. And in the manufacture of the case, one nasty problem often arises - to make a hole in a shape other than a circle. For example, square, under the LED indicator.

I used to suffer for a long time, drill along the contour, then grind these teeth, swear about the fact that I had sanded off the excess or screwed up the parallelism. In general, for everything related to the machining of the material, my hands are out of my ass. And there's nothing to be done about it. But where the hands cannot work, the head must work. And I came up with a simple and effective solution.

So. It is necessary to drill a square hole in the plastic case.

Let's start by marking the hole. It is better to do this according to a paper template - you need to sharpen the corners as clearly as possible. We do it on the outer, front, side! Then the corners are drilled through with a thin drill. Here it is important to take a thinner drill. The thinner the more accurate our hole will be.

Take a ruler and a sharp scalpel. You can use a clerical knife or whatever is at hand. The main requirement is that it must be very sharp, rigid and not dangling. I do things like this with a cutter.

On the ruler from hole to hole, exactly according to the size of our hole (no more, no less, exactly the same!) We make cuts. The deeper the better, but you can without fanaticism. Because the deeper you cut, the greater the chance that the blade will break and we will cut the outer surface, and this is not the same - ugly. The holes here are ruled by the fact that the tip of the scalpel falls into them and the edge of the cut does not go further than the hole. Markup here the most important stage. It depends on him whether everything will turn out perfect the first time or if you have to trim it.

Everyone got four pieces inside. Now you need to pick them up from the center and break inside!

The cut we made will give us a weak point where the plastic will burst and break off. And the holes from the edges will not allow the crack to go further than necessary.

It took me no more than 10 minutes to dig this hole. This is with garbage collection and distraction for photographing and searching for either a scalpel or a drill.