How to light a fire with matches. Ways to make fire in extreme conditions
The ability to make fire without matches or a lighter is invaluable, especially when exposed to extreme survival conditions. Circumstances can cause matches to become damp or a lighter to be lost or run out of gas. In this case, making fire by friction can save you from cold and hunger, despite the fact that this process is very laborious and lengthy. They knew about how to make fire without matches (by friction) in ancient times, since there were no other ways to keep warm, protect yourself from animals at night and cook the food you got.
Making fire by friction
There are two main ways to start a fire by friction:
- Method using hand drill.
To do this, you will need: a base and a dry wood rod, tinder, ignition material. At the base, you need to make a groove where friction with a wooden rod will be performed. Another one is drawn out of this groove, coals and other friction products will come out of it. After that, a rod made of durable wood is installed in the groove. The friction of the rod against the base is done by rotating it around its axis with the hands, resulting in coals. After that, the coals need to be moved to a pre-prepared tinder, and when the flame starts, move to another material for lighting a fire (logs, branches, etc.).
- Using a bow drill.
The principle of operation is similar to the previous ignition, with the only difference being that a latch is attached to the top of the rod, which allows you to rotate it more quickly without injuring your hands, the danger of which arises when using a hand drill. This is a more efficient way.
Making fire by friction: process technology
Before making a fire, you need to prepare tinder, collect firewood, prepare a nest for coal, make a bow with a drill and prepare wooden base.
Dry fibrous material is used as tinder: moss, villi from clothes, bird feathers and down, thin wood shavings. For firewood, you need to collect thin dry twigs that can be found in the dead wood, the lower tier of trees. The branches lying on the ground are most likely damp and wet, it will be difficult for them to flare up. Green wood should be avoided, it does not burn well. A bunch of tinder should be wrapped with a denser material, such as leaves or dry grass. At the same time, you need to leave a recess for coal and gaps for air ventilation.
The next step is to make a bow, for which you need to choose a strong, resilient wood. After suitable material found, a bow 30-60 cm long is made. It should be a thin, light rod, not too curved and at the same time stiff enough not to bend during rotation. For the manufacture of a bowstring, a cord, rope, twine is used, which is attached to the bow in such a way that it is slightly sagging.
For the base you need to prepare a dry wooden board. For its manufacture, you need to choose light and soft wood. Its length should be 30 -32 cm, width 5-8 cm, thickness 2.5 cm. Next, a drill is made at least 20 cm long, the diameter of which should be 2-4 cm. The lower end of the drill must be made rounded, and the upper end sharpened with a knife .
For the spindle, you need to make an upper support of stone or wood. The stone should fit comfortably in the hand, not be too small. It should have a notch and smooth edges. Can be made from wood support block using hardwood, drilling a hole to about the middle of the block with a knife.
The support must be such that the spindle rotates freely around its axis while maintaining a stable position of the narrow end. To make the upper end less frayed, you can lubricate the hole in the block with resin.
Making a fire
On the basis, it is necessary to make a mark where the wooden drill will spin. Then drill a recess in this place with a diameter equal to the diameter of the spindle and a depth of about 5 mm. Under it is cut a hole for tinder.
After that, you need to burn a hole:
- The wooden base is placed on flat area earth.
- With your left foot, you need to stand on the base at a distance of 2-3 cm from the funnel. The second leg is bent at the knee behind.
- Hold the spindle with your left hand right hand gotta keep the bow.
- The bow string must be looped at the upper, pointed end of the rod so that too much tension is not created. If it is difficult to tighten, you need to loosen the bowstring.
- With a rounded end, the spindle is inserted into the hole on the base, and the support block is held above it.
- You need to take one end of the bow, and begin to rotate the spindle around its axis, pressing its lower end to the base.
- If done correctly, black charcoal will form around the drill and smoke will appear.
Then you need to make a chimney: on the edge of the newly formed burnt funnel, you need to saw through a V-shaped hole, not reaching the middle of the funnel. When the spindle rotates, coals are formed that will fall out through this hole. It needs to be placed underneath flat base for collecting coals, a flat sliver is suitable for this.
After that, they start laying out firewood. in the following way: they are laid at right angles with gaps between the rods for air circulation in the order of tinder - kindling - fuel. In this case, kindling is not placed on the surface of the earth, but on a bed of leaves or dry branches. You should also leave a hole for laying coals inside.
Now again you need to twist the drill on the base to get charcoal, gradually increasing the speed of rotation. The coals through the hole will fall on the tinder, which will soon smoke. An indicator that they have formed will be the darkening, redness or lightening of the tinder. Then you need to carefully remove the board, support the embers with air (with a wave or a slight breath), gradually surrounding them with tinder. When the first flames appear, burning tinder should be placed in the hole of the prepared kindling, and the fire should be fanned.
The main mistake in the method of making a friction fire with a bow is that inexperienced tourists put kindling material in the immediate vicinity of the friction point, hoping that it will light up on its own. They do not take into account the fact that in this case only smoke will appear, and for the emergence of fire, it is necessary to place the coals in the kindling material, inflating it.
Making fire by friction: other methods
Fire with stones In addition to using a hand or bow drill, there are several other methods of making fire by friction:
- You will need an ordinary nail and a die that needs to be driven in. You need to do this for several minutes, while turning the nail around its axis. It will heat up so much that it can set fire to the tinder.
- From pine you need to make a small base with a split. Tinder is placed there so that there is little space under the plank. Next, you need to find a rope, it is better if it is made of natural fiber. You need to take it at both ends and begin to “saw” the wooden plank from below with quick movements. When smoke appears, it must be inflated, getting fire.
- The easiest way: a piece of cotton wool is placed between two dry wooden planks, and they begin to rub against each other. After a few minutes, the cotton will smoke.
Hello dear readers of my security blog. This is Vladimir Raichev, the author of this blog. For a long time I have not published articles in which I would tell how to survive in autonomy. Therefore, let's talk today about how to make fire with improvised means.
You know, I once tried to make fire by rubbing a wooden rod against a wooden base. Do you know how they show it in the movies? He twisted the wand in his hands and woo a la, the fire was produced. To be honest, I was sweaty then, but I never got the fire. So how do you light a fire in field conditions without having matches or a lighter?
Anyone can find themselves in conditions of autonomous existence. The crash of a cruise ship, a plane crash, lost tourists in the forest. The probability of survival away from civilization depends on many factors. The ability to make fire is one of the main roles here.
Very often in the conditions of existence in wild nature people arrive unprepared. And they have to survive using the set of items that, at first glance, does not have necessary properties. In this article, we will look at how unusual things can be used to get fire.
Use battery to make fire
In this case, an AA battery is preferred. But, in principle, any source of energy is suitable. Even in this method, we need foil and a piece of cotton wool or cotton fabric.
We cut a strip 1 cm wide from the foil, while leaving a width of 2-3 mm in the central part of the strip. The foil should be of such length that the ends of the strip can be connected to the battery contacts. The shape of the strip after all the manipulations resembles hourglass.
Then the fabric or cotton wool is wound on the central (narrow) part of the foil and the ends of the strip are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery. As a result thermal action electric current combustible material ignites on the foil. All that needs to be done after this is to transfer the fire to pre-prepared materials for the fire.
Getting fire with a lens
The ability to collect sunlight into one point makes the lens one of the most effective ways receiving fire on a sunny day. For this, it is necessary to prepare combustible material(moss, dry needles, birch bark) and hold the lens in such a way that sunlight, focused at one point, ignites the dry material.
The unusualness of this method lies in the fact that quite ordinary things can be used as a lens, which can be divided into 2 groups:
These are, at first glance, not necessary items, can help us get what Prometheus once paid dearly for. In cases where human life danger threatens, any trifle, any thing can become irreplaceable. And after the fire is received, you can start building a temporary dwelling.
Today I have everyone who read to the end - well done. Do not forget to subscribe to blog updates so as not to miss the most interesting publications. Share the secrets of survival with your friends in social networks I'm sure they'll be interested in reading about it too. Until we meet again, bye bye.
You never know what surprises life will bring to you. Therefore it is worth it. We present to your attention the post of Boris Zak - a lover of travel, trail running and running in general (who, by the way, has already told us about his own). Today Boris will tell you about 10 ways to start a fire. Some of them will seem useful to you, and some will surely surprise you. :)
A bit of theory. What is fire?
Fire is the main phase of the combustion process, which is accompanied by the release of light and heat. A fire can occur for various reasons: heating, chemical reaction, the impact of electricity.
So, to kindle a fire, we need combustible materials, oxygen and high temperature.
Method 1. Start a fire with a condom
The condom is truly a unique thing, I think that all travelers have long appreciated this multi-purpose item. So, take a transparent condom and fill it with water.
Lighting a fire with a condom
We use it as a lens, focus the beam on pre-prepared dry grass or paper, a little patience, and now smoke appears.
Method 2. Pepsi can
We polish the bottom of the can and use it as a reflector. We direct the beam onto a sheet of paper or dry grass.
The bottom of the can is an excellent reflector Method 3. Photo frame and cling film
Take a photo frame and wrap it with cling film.
Frame wrapped in cling film We put the frame on a stand and pour water.
Pour water carefully Everything, the installation for kindling the fire is ready.
Ready! Method 4. Steel wool and mobile phone battery
Steel wool is an interlacing of a very thin fiber of steel, in appearance it resembles ordinary cotton wool from a pharmacy. The steel itself consists of 98% iron and 2% carbon, the proportions may vary depending on the type of steel. We prepare a “nest” from dry leaves and grass, put cotton wool into it and run the battery contacts over the cotton wool several times.
Lighting a fire with steel wool and a battery Method 5: Battery and chewing gum foil
AA battery and chewing gum foil Cut off a strip of foil, fold it in half and sharpen the fold with scissors.
We apply the ends of the strip to the poles of the battery, and the main thing here is not to burn your fingers.
The same manipulations, only more clearly, are presented in the video.
Method 6. An interesting but expensive way to start a fire with IKEA products
Method 7. Ice
This method requires patience. You will not only make a fire, but also keep warm. We take a piece of ice and with light movements of the knife we give it a shape into lenses. Then we polish the surface of the lens with our hands.
Smooth ice works like a lens Well, how to kindle a fire with a lens - every child knows.
Method 8. Chemical reaction
Sodium is a silvery-white metal, plastic, even soft (easily cut with a knife), a fresh cut of sodium glistens in air and easily oxidizes to sodium oxide. To protect against oxygen in the air, metallic sodium is stored under a layer of kerosene.
Sodium reacts very violently with water: a piece of sodium placed in water floats, melts due to the heat released, turning into a white ball that quickly moves into different directions on the surface of the water; The reaction proceeds with the release of hydrogen, which can ignite. This experiment is also called "dancing fire".
sodium + water Method 9. Flint and steel
With the help of a fire starter, sparks are cut. The tool is compact, lightweight and can be used in any weather. On the Internet you can find a large assortment flint. Which one you get - does not matter, the main thing is to learn how to use this gadget correctly.
It's easy to strike sparks, you just need to prepare good tinder. To do this, use a dry flammable material.
Method 10. Fire Piston
This pneumatic lighter was invented around 1770. It works on the same principle as diesel engine. With strong compression, the air in the cylinder is heated to a temperature of over 300 ° C, which leads to the ignition of the tinder located at the end of the piston.
Fire Piston In order to reach high temperature, you need a strong blow.
Lighting a fire in the forest using matches or a lighter is a standard thing. But what if in a situation where you need to kindle a fire, you do not have any matches or a lighter. There is a need to kindle a fire without them. It is possible to do this. How to light a fire without matches? There are several ways to do this.
Friction without matches and lighters
This is a very complex method, with a primitive echo. The key aspect here is the type of wood that is used as a plank or rod.
A rod is a stick that needs to be rotated around its own axis. A powerful friction should form between the axle and this stick. The result is a spark. If the friction is very strong, embers will form. They can be used to start a fire.
The optimal types of wood for this purpose: walnut (preferably walnut), cypress, juniper, willow. Poplar, aspen and cedar wood are also good. It must be dried before use if it is damp or wet.
Using a hand drill
This method is the most ancient and extremely difficult to make a fire. It implies the presence of wood, good physical strength and great patience.
It is necessary to collect tinder in a small pile, similar to a bird's nest. A tinder nest must be used to ignite the flame. The challenge is to get the spark. Flammable material must be used to create this nest. To light a fire, dry grass, leaves or bark will do.
In the nest you need to arrange a slight recess. It is necessary to cut a V-shaped hole in the plank. It is necessary for the flame. A small indentation is made next to the hole. Under it lies the bark. It will store smoldering coals formed from the friction process. This will give you a chance to start a fire.
Then the rod needs to be rotated. It is placed in the indicated recess. Its minimum length is 60 cm. It puts pressure on the plank. The method of its rotation for kindling is between the palms. The movement should be fast up and down the entire rod. Actions continue until the necessary coals are obtained. They should be red. If so, you can tap on the fire board. The coals will be on the bark. It should be placed next to the previously created tinder nest. After that, you need to blow a little on the coals so that a flame appears.
Making a bow drill
This method is considered the most effective. It helps to securely hold high pressure and proper rod rotation dynamics. A powerful friction is formed, which is required for the appearance of a flame. In this method, you need to use a rod, a plank, as well as a weighting agent. Its function is to fix the rod and the bow. It is used to press on the upper end of the rod. He himself moves at the expense of the bow and therefore staggers. To fix it, you can use a small stone or an element of some kind of tree. In the second case, the wood element must be harder than the rod. Lubrication is also needed here. It can be water or oil.
The bow is crafted to the length of your arm. A wooden vine is used with good flexibility and some curvature. Various materials can be used for the bowstring: at least a lace, at least a rope or a piece of rough leather strip. The main thing is that this material has high strength. Next, the string is pulled.
A special board is being prepared. A v is also cut out - a similar hole. Tinder is placed under it.
The rod is wrapped in a bowstring. Then he is placed in a loop from it. One of its endings is obtained in a hole in the board. On the second - it is necessary to press with a weighting agent - a stone or an element of wood.
It is necessary to set the bow in motion strictly horizontally forward and backward. The rod rotates at the maximum possible speed. The bow must move until the cherished coals are formed.
It is required to make the flame flare up. These coals are placed in tinder. Blow on them a little. There will be a flame.
The use of flint and steel
This is a rather outdated method. It used to be often used by soldiers. Main components: high-quality flint and steel. If they are not available, a penknife blade (it is made of steel) and quartzite will do.
For ignition, you can use any dry, not very dense fabric. Moss will fit here too. These materials perfectly capture sparks. Their smoldering without flaring up continues for a very long time. If such materials are not at hand, you can use part of the fungus or birch bark.
Any material taken, as well as stone, is fixed. The stone should be taken with two fingers: thumb and forefinger. Their distance from it is approximately 5-7 cm. The position of the kindled material is between thumb and the silicon used.
The blade hits this flint several times. There are sparks. They fall on the material used. It turns out smoldering
The flame is kindled. The material is placed in a tinder nest. You should blow on it a little. The fire is blowing up.
Lens use
The lens is great for making fire. You can use a standard lens. Its task is to focus the light from the sun on a specific area.
Suitable things in this method: a magnifying glass, glasses, lenses from binoculars. When there is some water on the lens, the UV light is enhanced.
The lens is rotated at the angle of the light source, i.e. the sun. We need to focus the beam on a very modest area. The tinder nest is substituted for the indicated spot. And after a few moments, a flame appears.
The main disadvantage of this method is that the method is carried out only in the presence of sunlight. For example, in the evening or in cloudy weather, it will not work.
Use of balloons and condoms.
If you fill such vacuums with water, you can form a lens out of them. And with the help of a lens, it is not difficult to make fire.
Each of these containers is filled with water. The end is tightly tied. The shape of the container should be spherical (as far as possible). Just do not inflate the vacuum to the limit. This will only distort the focus ultraviolet ray. The form should help form the necessary focus. The condom can be squeezed in the center. This creates two smaller lenses.
The applied vacuums have a shorter focal length than standard lenses. For this reason, they are placed only 2-5 cm from the nest.
Use of ice
In the work of the classic, the phrase "ice and fire" is found. And it's not just words. By using a piece of ice, you can really get fire. It's just that this piece should take the shape of a lens. So the process can happen, as in the fifth way.
BUT this method often used by winter tourists.
Here you will need pure water. Because the ice should be transparent. If it is cloudy or has impurities, then the lens method will not work.
To form the ice of the required transparency, you need to pour clear water into the mug. It is better to take it from a lake or other body of water. You can apply fresh snow. It is placed in this container. Melts. The water needs to be frozen. Desired thickness ice piece - about 5 cm. This layer is enough for a high-quality lens.
You can make an ice piece of the desired shape with a knife. It should be borne in mind that the correct lens thickens in the middle and narrows at the edges. When this form is obtained, it should be manually polished. The heat from your hands will melt the ice a little. Its surface will become smooth.
Such an ice lens is placed in relation to the sun in the same way as a glass lens (fifth method). The light beam is focused on the nest. The flame appears.
Soda can and chocolate bar
Required components:
- A can of carbonated drink, it is better to take a container from Coca-Cola.
- Chocolate bar.
- Sunny weather.
Chocolate must be rubbed on the bottom of the indicated container. This is a kind of polish. So the surface of the tin bottom will have the effect of a mirror. Can be used instead of chocolate toothpaste. The effect is similar.
After this polishing, you form a parabolic mirror. And the light beam will be reflected from it and concentrated on one point. In a telescope, mirrors operate in a similar way.
The processed bottom of the can turns towards the sun. Creates a perfectly focused light beam directed at the tinder itself. Approximate distance of the tinder from the beam: 2-3 cm. In just a few moments, a fire is formed.
It's good and effective way. But not all tourists take with them into the depths of the forest or others gave a can of soda and chocolate
Fire starter made from batteries and real wool
Maybe some hikers take such things with them. And the procedure itself is:
The strip of wool is stretched. Her: length - 15 cm, width - 1 cm. She needs to rub the battery. At the battery itself, the power should reach 9 watts. Its contact side is well rubbed with wool. This material will catch fire. You need to blow on it a little. The ignited wool falls on the tinder. It burns down very quickly, you need to have time to kindle a tinder nest.
Instruction
Prepare a place where the fire will be lit. It must be protected from the wind. It is best to build something like a hearth out of stones, blocking the area on three sides where the firewood will burn. Put dry paper down, fold dry pine needles, thin dry twigs on top of it with a house. Place sticks and logs nearby so that they can be immediately put on the fire when it flares up. If , then the kindling material can be folded between two logs.
The easiest way is to use matches. Sit downwind, strike a match and bring it to the kindling, covering the flame. It is advisable to have time to set fire to it in several places. If there are few matches, they can be split in half lengthwise, but then you need to carefully strike such a match so as not to break it. Instead of matches, you can light a fire in the same way with the help of. If there are matches, but no box, then you can light them by striking on the glass.
To get the fire in forest, you can use the lens by directing the sun's rays onto dry paper, moss or pine needles. As soon as they begin to smolder and smoke, inflate it slightly without removing the focused beam. Fire It will light up faster if the kindling material is dark in color. If you don't have a special lens, take it out of your camera, binoculars or spyglass.
Use a hunting cartridge to start a fire. Remove the bullet or shot from the cartridge case, pour out half of the gunpowder, plug the cartridge case with a piece of dry cloth instead of a bullet. Use this cartridge to load yours and fire the . A smoldering piece of fabric will fly out of the barrel, and set fire to the material prepared in advance for kindling.
You can start a fire with . Attach two wires to its terminals and short them over the prepared kindling, doused with gasoline. As kindling, you can use cloth, paper, dry grass.
If you don't have anything at all on hand, strike fire from flint, which is often lying around. Hit him metal object, fittings, directing sparks to the kindling material. In this case, fluffy cotton wool is best suited for kindling, Poplar fluff or dandelion fluff.
Collecting things for a long trip to the forest is a troublesome and nervous business, often, after spending several days on it, travelers still forget something they need. In the forest, you can get fish or game, but without salt, food will turn out fresh, so it's worth trying to get this right substance.
You will need
- - hazel;
- - sour;
- - salt marsh.
Instruction
In the forest, salt can be obtained from wood ash. For this, you'd better take hardwoods, perfect option- hazel. Burn dry logs and branches in a fire to ash.
Pour it into a large pot and fill it with warm boiled water, stir. This mixture should stand for a long time - 3-4 hours or all night. Taste the solution. It must be salty.
Add it to meals or boil it down. For this upper layer carefully drain and put on fire. You will be left with a dry sediment in the form of sand. This substance can "salt" food.
In May, in the forest, look for common sorrel, it is also borscht or hare salt. Quite dense clusters of this plant can be found near the trunks of adult spruce trees, in shady and humid places.
Salt marshes can also be found in the forest. These will be places with low fertility, wormwood, saltwort, prutnyak, sucker, tamarix grow there. The roots of grasses in salt marshes covers white coating.
Or pour half a bucket of saline soil and fill it with water, mix thoroughly. When the solution is infused, carefully pour off the water, and discard the soil. Add new earth to the bucket and fill it with old salt water. When you get a concentrated solution, evaporate it and get salt.
Sources:
- Couch Prepper Notes: Salt
One of the earliest ways to make fire is friction. Later, people began to use other methods, for example, optical - using a lens. Today, a person practically does not think about the methods of making fire, because there are matches and lighters. However, in emergency situations, the knowledge and skills of ancestors can save a person's life.
There are many ways to make fire with various materials. You can study them endlessly, each has its own characteristics. If you find yourself in a situation where the benefits of civilization in the form of matches or are not available, then the ability to make fire can save your life, so it is important to know at least a few of the most simple methods. Below are some of them.
A lens will help to get fire
If you have a fairly powerful lens at hand, for example, from a camera, but it’s standing in the yard, then you can try to make fire with one of the most simple ways. Additionally, you will need a piece of shabby fabric, crumpled paper Low quality, for example, toilet, or a piece of thin birch bark. When making fire with a lens, the most important thing is the hand, because the lens must be motionless. If you feel that you can not cope, then provide a comfortable support under the elbow.When making fire with a lens, it is recommended to use additional dry materials, such as foliage. This will help a smoldering piece of paper or a piece of birch bark flare up.
Using planks and a cotton ball
This is a rather interesting and simple way of making fire. It is recommended to take two dry boards and a cotton ball, place the cotton between the boards and start rubbing them against each other. Your movements should be quick and symmetrical, with light pressure. Soon you will see that a light smoke began to emanate from the ball, and the cotton wool itself turned brown. After that, you need to act very quickly: grab a smoldering ball, tear it in half, wave it a little in the air. From active contact with oxygen, the cotton halves will turn red and actively smoke, they must be placed in a dry, rapidly flaring material and immediately begin to fan the fire. It is very important to remember that the cotton ball you use must be very dense, otherwise it will simply flatten out during rubbing between the planks.Making fire by rotating the rod between the palms
This is a rather time-consuming method of making fire, often it seems simply impossible, especially for a beginner. However, if you show patience and skill, then there is a chance to achieve desired result. It's amazing, but a professional can make a fire using drilling in less than three minutes.If there were no such tree species as pine and beech at hand, then you can use another, no less effective combination: an alder base board, and an oak stick-rod.
Making fire by rotating the rod between the palms is as follows: you take a plank, make a dimple in it in such a way that it would be convenient to insert a stick into it - the rod. Holding the plank with your foot, begin to rotate the stick in the hollow, making rotational movements