Alternative fuel for home heating. What is an alternative heat source
The search for new energy sources began long before it became clear that the reserves of hydrocarbons on Earth are not so limitless, and the depletion of the subsoil has an avalanche-like character. Back in 1846, the world's first wind generator was created, in 1861 an installation was assembled and launched to obtain energy from sunlight. And in 1913, the geothermal pump gave the first kilowatts. However, only recently general level technological development made it possible to overcome a number of previously insoluble problems, and quite effective household equipment for sane money began to enter mass production. We will talk further about how realistic it is to make alternative heating for a private house.
What can be considered alternative heating
It so happened that there is no single approach to the definition and classification. Manufacturers of heating devices, equipment sellers, the media are all ready to exploit this concept in their own way. Quite often, alternative types of home heating are called everything that does not work on gas. This may include a pellet "biofuel" installation, infrared heated floors or an ionic electric boiler. Sometimes the emphasis is on an unusual implementation, such as " warm plinth" or " warm walls”, in a word, everything is relatively new, which has been actively used since the end of the last century.
So what is really an alternative for a private house? Let's focus on options where three basic principles are observed.
First, we consider only renewable energy sources.
Secondly, the performance of the equipment should be sufficient to at least partially supplement the heating (as the most energy-intensive system), and not just ensure the operation of a few light bulbs.
Thirdly, the cost / profitability of the power plant should be at such a level that it would be advisable to use it for domestic needs.
Alternative heating options
Advantages and disadvantages of such systems
For various reasons, developers are thinking about alternative heating of a house or apartment. Homeowners are least interested in fashion trends, everyone needs new features that can be obtained:
- Save money on bills for used energy. Electricity, gas, diesel fuel and even firewood - all this regularly rises in price, and this process is irreversible.
- Ensuring full autonomy, or at least reducing dependence on common networks and third party providers. Practice shows that such systems are most often used as an alternative to gas heating for lack of the ability to connect to the main.
- No need to communicate with officials to get a number of required documents. You will not have to ask for the allocation of additional capacities (electricity), or, for example, permission to tie into gas pipe.
- Supporters of environmental friendliness cannot but rejoice at the fact that windmills, heat pumps or solar systems allow the use of truly clean energy sources.
- Power plants are completely safe for people and homes, as there is no combustion process (fire, flammable fuel, flue gases).
Unfortunately, in every way ideal option not yet. Somewhere we get very low efficiency, in other cases we have severe restrictions on operating conditions, which in practice translates into too unstable power supply parameters. Some installations need electricity to work and are not able to work autonomously. Others have too high a price tag, because of which the return on investment can stretch for decades or even be in question.
Solar collectors in the heating system
A separate issue is the technical complexity of such power plants. It is not easy for a non-professional to install and configure them, not to mention making alternative heating from scratch with their own hands. For example, to create a sufficiently powerful (and most importantly - working) windmill.
When choosing alternative methods of heating a private house, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- cost of capital expenditures,
- operating costs,
- service life of the equipment before the first failures,
- technical possibilities for installation,
- requirements for operating conditions (number of sunny days, presence of winds, etc.),
- real performance.
Use of wind and solar energy
Wind turbines in heating systems
Kinetic wind energy is typically used to power buildings, but high-powered models can provide at least partial heating in near-ideal conditions. If you do not take into account the initial costs, then the resulting electricity costs nothing to the consumer. It is very important that auxiliary resources are not needed for the operation of the wind generator, they function autonomously all the time. These units, as auxiliary energy sources, are successfully integrated into systems where other types of heating devices are the main ones.
Standard equipment of the wind turbine
There are many types of windmill designs, but they are usually divided into two broad categories:
- Horizontal wind turbines with propeller-type blades. These units are more productive (wind energy utilization rate is up to 52%), therefore they are more suitable for heating needs, but they have a number of operational and consumer restrictions.
- Wind generators with a vertical axis of rotation. These turbines are relatively low-power (KIEV less than 40%), but they do not require orientation to the wind, they can use not only laminar, but also turbulent flows, they begin to generate current even at low speeds. They are easier to maintain because the generator is near the ground and not on a mast in a gondola.
Here are some disadvantages of using windmills for heating:
- High capital costs. More than 70 percent of the funds are spent on auxiliary elements: batteries, inverter, control automation, installation structures. Investments pay off only after several decades.
- Low efficiency - low power. In addition, part of the energy is lost in the process of converting electricity into heat.
- The terrain requires the presence of constant winds with high speed. Energy is unstable, highly dependent on the weather and season, requires regular monitoring and accumulation.
- The equipment takes up a lot of space.
- Wind turbines generate a lot of noise during operation.
Note! If the wind is too strong, the generator will also not work, as protective automation is triggered.
Solar systems: solar batteries and collectors
Solar systems perform direct heating of the coolant or convert energy by photovoltaic method. In the first option, the sun's rays heat water / antifreeze (in some models - air), which is transported to the premises and gives off heat through radiators. In the second case, photons of light are transformed into electrical energy, supplying conventional heating devices powered by electricity (boilers, heaters, underfloor heating).
The principle of operation of the solar collector for heating and hot water
Accordingly, there are two types of devices:
- Solar collectors. The system consists of a circuit for the circulation of the coolant, an accumulation tank and the collector itself. Depending on the design, collectors are distinguished: flat, vacuum and air (air is used as a coolant).
- Solar panels. The installation consists of panels with photocells, controllers and an inverter. The battery generates a direct current with a voltage of 24 or 12 volts, which is collected in batteries and, after being converted by an inverter into alternating current (220 V), is supplied to the sockets.
Note! If you install a disk meter to account for network electricity, it will respond to the current received from solar panels– will begin to rewind the readings in accordance with the amount of additional incoming energy.
There are several disadvantages of solar installations. First of all, the dependence on meteorological factors and cyclicity (seasonal and daily). Batteries have a low efficiency, in order to provide a large amount of stable energy, they must take large area and be equipped with expensive batteries, which often have to be changed. The disadvantage of collectors is their dependence on electricity (for the operation of a pump or fan), or, for example, the danger of freezing of the coolant.
Photovoltaic panels are completed similarly to wind turbines (controller, batteries, inverter), so they can easily be combined with them into hybrid systems
Heat pumps for heating a private house
With this method of alternative heating, the equipment extracts and concentrates the heat that is accumulated in the ground, water or air. Energy is transferred in heat exchangers, and for the circulation of heat carriers in the system, several independent circuits are used. According to the principle of operation, a heat pump is similar to a refrigeration unit (where the compressor is the main power element), only it works in reverse.
Features of energy transfer in heat pumps
Note! Heat pumps can be considered a universal and most reliable way to organize alternative heating for a private house. However, their operation requires an uninterrupted power supply. There is such a thing as a "conversion factor": for every kilowatt of electricity consumed, there is about 3-5 kW of heat received.
Geothermal installations "ground-water" and "ground-air"
These installations collect heat from long wells or horizontal layers from shallow depths. Such heat pumps are the most efficient, since the thermal energy of the soil has stable performance, and it is available in any latitude. There are two types of devices:
- Vertical probes are located in wells up to several hundred meters deep. They show the best performance, but are too expensive, mainly due to drilling work.
- Horizontal collectors consist of a system of pipes laid at a depth of about 1.2-1.5 meters (below the freezing level). They are less efficient and occupy significant areas that are not subject to development and are not suitable for growing perennials. The main advantage of such structures is much lower excavation costs.
In summer, the heat pump can operate in reverse mode, performing the functions of an air conditioner
Heat pump "water-to-water" and "water-to-air"
The circuit with the primary coolant is located at the bottom of a non-freezing lake or river. It is similar in configuration to a horizontal manifold. The heat of industrial wastewater and sewerage, as well as groundwater, can be used. There are two types of structures:
- Water is the heat carrier and is pumped inside the open primary circuit.
- Water gives off its energy to a closed primary circuit, where "brine" circulates as a heat carrier.
It is obvious that in order to organize such an energy supply, there must be located directly near the house. suitable body of water fairly large area.
Air source heat pumps
To obtain heat from the air, devices with a large radiator-heat exchanger and a productive fan are used, which must pump large volumes of air masses. These units can heat water or immediately give energy to the air (for example, air conditioners with a heating function work), sometimes they use heat flue gases or outgoing streams from ventilation systems.
These are the most inexpensive heat pumps, but they are the least productive and not all can work with significant sub-zero temperatures(in most cases -10 is the limit). Only the most advanced inverter-controlled installations will produce heat at -25 degrees outside.
Geothermal collector laying option
So, do alternative ways of heating a private house have the right to life? Undoubtedly! This is at least farsighted. Already now they can qualitatively supplement traditional heat generators. If they allow specifications, you can assemble a hybrid system, and completely switch to renewable sources. True, this will require a certain amount of money and qualified help from professionals. But if for some reason it is impossible to get away from hydrocarbons, then it makes sense to modernize conventional system heating, so that you can regulate the temperature of the coolant as efficiently as possible, or, as an option, direct efforts to insulate the building envelope to minimize overall heat loss.
Video: alternative and energy-saving heating systems
A similar term refers to alternative types of heating for private houses, the principle of which is based on the use of renewable energy, for which there is no one to pay.
This also includes types of heating, the implementation of which in this way manages to generate at least some part of the heat.
Alternative heating do-it-yourself private house is often performed using infrared heaters. More and more of their designs are being offered in retail chains. The products are very simple and easy to use, offered at very reasonable prices.
The basis of such heating devices is an infrared film. The most common options are underfloor heating and warm baseboards.
Alternative heating sources can be used and connected as:
- additions to a central heat source (for example, a gas boiler);
- the main source of heating for the whole house.
Owners of private households pay a lot of attention when considering alternative sources of heating for a private house. Moreover, they treat this category of devices more widely.
This includes traditional biofuel boilers, infrared heating, wind generators, solar batteries, collectors and heat pumps.
Consider alternative heating methods in more detail.
The use of heat pumps (HP) for space heating
Such alternative sources of home heating as heat pumps are most often used today as an alternative source of space heating.
The reason for this is that this technology is the most developed.
The principle of operation of the product, in a nutshell, is characterized as "a refrigerator in reverse." This device takes heat from the environment (air, soil or water) and redirects it to alternative space heating. The operation of the TN is based on the physical principle of Carnot.
The refrigerant charged into the closed circuit of the device is fed to the evaporator, where it expands with a simultaneous decrease in pressure and an increase in volume. In parallel, the refrigerant partially evaporates, in connection with which the temperature of the latter drops.
Cooled, it begins to intensively accumulate energy, taking it away from the walls of the evaporator connected to the heat exchanger. In the latter, the coolant is intensively moving, informally referred to as "brine". During these manipulations, the thermal energy accumulated in the bowels of the earth enters the system.
Manufacturers and retail chains offer alternative sources of heating for a private house in the form of HP of four main groups, differing in the types of thermal energy that they attract for space heating:
- Geothermal pumps (both horizontal and vertical) provide heating by using the heat of groundwater. The so-called "water-water" scheme;
- Heat pumps operating at the expense of thermal energy obtained from open water bodies of natural origin (sea, lake, river, etc.). The "water-water" scheme has been implemented;
- Accumulation for heating of the heat contained in the air is carried out according to the "air-water" scheme;
- If the pump extracts the energy of the soil, then the work goes according to the "soil-water" scheme.
Solar energy or solar systems for home heating
Solar energy, thanks to the development of new technologies, is moving from the category of exotic heating options into the category of “alternative heating of a private house with your own hands”, which is actually used as heating systems.
Today, it is most often used to heat a room according to one of two options:
- Solar energy is transformed directly into electricity. Then the accumulated electricity is used to operate the heating elements.
- Solar energy is used for direct heating of the coolant. The last EC, or LC, passes through the heating devices, heating the premises of the house through them.
The disadvantages of similar systems are cloudy days, and, inevitably replacing day, night. Therefore, solar collectors are used in parallel with a variety of electric heaters.
Do-it-yourself alternative heating in this version provides that the actual temperature of the coolant is controlled by built-in sensors and, if its value drops below the fixed minimum allowed at night or in cloudy weather, the electric heater automatically turns on.
As a rule, any solar battery is equipped not only with an inverter and a controller, thanks to which U = 12/24 V (according to I const) is formed, but also with a capacious storage battery, which accumulates excess electricity generated during daylight hours.
Alternative sources of heating at home, made according to the indicated schemes, with the required area of photocells and the corresponding AB capacities, it is possible to implement a completely autonomous heating system.
Application of biofuel boilers
Independent installation of heating systems, consisting of a complex design of pipes in the soil or solar collectors on the roof of the house, can be replaced by installing a special boiler that runs on environmentally friendly biofuels.
Heating a private house with electric or gas boilers is not always justified and cost-effective.
To kindle a bio-boiler, you can use:
- firewood;
- briquettes and pellets (for example, from sawdust or peat);
- biogas;
- wood pellets and chips, etc.
Briquettes are considered the best fuel for such a boiler, as they burn for a long time and retain heat.
Use of wind energy
In retail chains today you can find quite efficient models of devices that produce thermal energy through the use of wind energy (wind generators), which represent alternative types of heating.
They have quite decent performance and a balanced ratio of the efficiency of the device and its cost.
Such alternative heating systems for a private house have a significant drawback, they have big sizes. For example, a wind turbine designed to generate 4 kW of electricity has very large wings (up to 10 meters). Alternative Views heating systems using wind fully possess all the disadvantages that currently available solar systems “sick”.
Quality heating system directly affects the comfort of a private home. The heating system must be given due attention, since being indoors, especially in winter period, it will take a long time. Today, more and more consumers are choosing alternative heat sources for their homes.
Alternative heating sources are systems that work with heat generators on renewable energy sources. These are solar, geothermal and biological energy. Boilers, heat pumps and solar panels are used to store heat and generate electricity.
This is what a biofuel boiler looks like.
Alternative heating systems of each type have their own difficulties and features. Less problems arise when using gas and electric boilers. The main plus is a constant supply of fuel. It is enough to connect the boiler once, set it up with your own hands, and not worry that the fuel will run out in the middle of the night. Of course, there is no insurance in case of interruptions, emergencies, but this rarely happens.
Heating the house with heat pumps by water-to-water type
These heating methods provide for the need to have a well for sampling ground water and for the return discharge of waste water into the ground. A consumer for a small private house will have to drill 2-3 such wells for water intake and 1-2 for waste drain. Drilling depth must be 50 m. Permission is also required public services control.
Appearance of the water-to-water pump.
Heating with heat pumps by brine-water type
To implement the project, it is necessary to drill a well up to 200 m deep. It should contain pipes in a U-shape along with the solution. It is possible to arrange a heat exchanger, which will be located at a depth of at least 5 m. This is necessary to reduce the difference in heat received in different months of the year.
Heating scheme based on a brine-water pump.
The depth and number of wells is determined based on the ability to obtain the required 50 W of thermal energy. It is obtained from each running meter of a drilled well. As a result, alternative heating of a private house with the help of heat pumps according to the water-water or brine-water scheme is characterized minimal cost for heating compared with indicators characterizing other types of heating systems.
Heating the house with solar thermal storage collectors
Alternative heating with solar thermal storage panels will directly depend on the intensity of sunlight, which is different at different times of the year. At night and in cloudy weather, solar radiation is not enough for the collectors to work.
What is used for
Solar panels often used for heating water or for domestic and household needs. Hot water takes part in heat exchange in monovalent storage tanks. Solar panels can act as an additional source of heat generation for water heating and heating systems in biovalent storage tanks.
Types of solar collectors
Solar collectors are divided into two types:
- flat;
- having a vacuum tube.
Heating with solar panels.
If the equipment is used in the summer, then the performance coefficient of both types will be the same. For winter it is recommended to use vacuum collectors. They can work at temperatures up to -35 degrees.
Flat collectors are able to heat the air up to +60 degrees. Vacuum collectors are designed for heating up to +90. In other parameters, the devices are similar.
Collectors with vacuum tubes are excellent as alternative heating country house. At the same time, appliances can heat water.
TEK
A hydrodynamic water heater is another good alternative to gas heating. She still does not have much fame, but the simplicity, profitability of using it for heating a house makes her noticeable. In addition to water, the installations allow heating oil, salty, dirty water.
Design
The installation consists of expansion tank water heating, pumps, electric pump. Heating occurs when the streams of water supplied to the tank collide with each other - thermal energy is released. When heating the premises, the water heating installation is connected to the heating system of a private house, no additional installation of a circulation pump is required, a boiler is connected to heat the water.
Principle of operation.
Ventilation
The use of ventilation as a source of heating at least sounds interesting, because the purpose of ventilation is to remove air from the premises, which contains dust, lack of oxygen and the presence of unpleasant odors. But part of the heat is also removed with the air. How can it be used? Also, you can install a heating element in the ventilation system (in its supply part) with your own hands to supply heated air to the house.
The highest efficiency of the system supply and exhaust ventilation, with forced circulation and heat recovery.
The systems use warm exhaust air to heat cold, supply air. Better economy, equipment utilization rates are achieved by adjusting the air flow according to its actual need.
From biomass, which includes organic waste, manure, plants, wastewater, biogas is obtained as a result of decomposition by bacteria. It is advisable to heat low-rise buildings with wood pellet chips, logs, and pressed waste from the woodworking industry. Fuel is supplied to the boilers using various ways automated filing. As for log-fired boilers, fuel is loaded into them manually.
The alternative to gas heating also includes pallet fired boilers. They can be both manual and automatic fuel supply. This contributes to the fact that a person does not need to be constantly near the boiler. The automatic control system maintains the temperature at a certain parameter.
This is what biofuel looks like.
Heating the house with boilers that run on waste oils
Waste oils are not related to renewable energy sources, however, they take part in the formation of materials that must be disposed of.
Underfloor heating system
For heating a country house, the well-known heating scheme is perfect - "warm floor". During installation, no additional redevelopment is required. You can save significant amounts of money on heating. The system is placed under flooring. In the presence of necessary knowledge and skills installation of a warm floor can be done by hand.
Underfloor heating installation process.
Ceiling heaters
Another alternative heating of a country house is the installation of ceiling special film heaters. For example, foil, which is simply mounted on the ceiling. Under the action of an electric current, heat is evenly distributed throughout the room.
One of the main items of expenditure family budget— payment communal heating or the purchase of fuel to heat the house. Every reasonable owner probably thinks about real and effective ways reducing these costs. But you can literally reduce them to a minimum using alternative energy sources. What are they and how are they used? Agree, it's worth knowing.
You will learn everything about how to arrange alternative heating for a private house from our article. With our help, you can easily decide on the most suitable option for you. Detailed description operating principles for green energy schemes will provide an opportunity to decide how technological way better to use for heat.
The article describes in detail the types of sources of free energy, provides methods for generating heat for use in everyday life. To help independent home craftsmen and zealous owners of country estates, photo collections, diagrams and very useful video instructions are attached.
Traditional heat sources that have been used for heating for many years can be abandoned. Surprising as it may seem, it is very real. Many ardent opponents argue that it is impossible to replace Natural resources environmentally friendly counterparts.
The alternative is the energy of the sun, the power of the wind, the heat hidden in the bowels of the earth, the waste of production and human life. Such options are relevant in the modern world, given the general pollution of the environment.
Alternative sources are able to provide a country house with electricity and thermal energy
Another significant advantage is tangible savings when using environmentally friendly sources of spontaneously renewable energy. At first glance, it seems that it is unreasonably expensive and unlikely to pay off.
Having dealt with the features of each method in more detail, you can see that the eco-project pays off in 4-7 years, and then only the current costs of maintaining the used mechanisms in working order remain.
Possibility complete replacement habitual alternative fuel is proved by more than one real example. Homeowners in different countries of the world are resorting to ecological heating options. In our country, only a few decide to radically change the usual fuel, which is becoming more expensive every year.
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The main problem with the use of eco-fuels is a significant investment at the initial stage. After all, you first need to calculate in detail the amount of energy needed for a particular house or cottage. Then find out what type of eco-resource is the most beneficial in a particular area.
If all these issues are dealt with by the relevant specialists, then the final cost of eco-heating will be very high. To save money, you can try to do it on your own.
To do this, you have to immerse yourself in the topic of alternative energy sources in order to refuse to attract outside help. In this case, the cost of the project will be several times cheaper.
It is the second option that many owners of private houses choose. Their practice proves that it is quite possible to become energy independent. It is possible to completely or partially replace traditional fuel - it all depends on the size of the household, financial capabilities at the initial stage, and the chosen heating option.
The scope of "green energy" will be demonstrated by a photo selection:
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Types of renewable sources for heating
To heat the house, you can successfully use the energy of wind, sun, earth. Also biofuels. Let's take a closer look at exactly how to do this and what is required for this.
View # 1 - wind power
Wind energy can be used very successfully as an alternative source for heating a country house. This resource cannot be exhausted. It has the ability to renew itself. To use the power of the wind, you need special device called a windmill.
The principle of using wind energy
To convert wind force to alternative source Heating will require a wind generator. They are vertical and horizontal depending on the axis of rotation. There are many manufacturers offering their models to customers.
Wind turbines come with horizontal and vertical axis of rotation. Great performance for horizontally oriented
The cost depends on the material, the size of the installation itself and the power. You can also build a wind generator on your own, using improvised materials.
Any windmill consists of the following components:
- blades;
- masts;
- weather vane to catch the direction of the wind;
- generator;
- controller
- rechargeable batteries;
- inverter.
The principle of operation of a wind power plant is based on the force of the wind that rotates the blades of a windmill. The blades attached to the mast are high above the ground. The higher, the higher the performance. So, to supply one house, a height of 25 m is enough.
Rotating blades drive the generator rotor. It starts to generate three-phase alternating current requiring further modification. This current is supplied to the controller, where it is converted to direct current. It is used to charge batteries.
After passing through the batteries, the current levels off and enters the inverter, where it is converted into a single-phase alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 220 volts. Now it can be used for domestic needs, in the electric heating system.
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Features of the location of windmills
Wind turbines are capable of operating under certain conditions. Firstly, a wind generator is a rather voluminous structure that requires an impressive area for the device. A small appliance is not able to meet the energy needs.
Its height must be at least 10 m higher than the surrounding houses, trees and other buildings, and power lines and other objects must be located 100 m from the windmill. This requirement is not always feasible - not all owners of private houses have personal plots sufficient area.
Windmills are best placed on a hill, away from trees and buildings - at least 100 meters away
Secondly, it is good when the area under consideration has good wind potential - a hill or steppe zone. To start the generator, a wind speed of 2 m / s is required.
Many models of wind systems designed for use by private households are able to fully cover electricity needs.
So, a 1.5 kW windmill can generate 100-200 kWh per month, depending on the season. If the mast height is increased, then the productivity will become 2 times more.
But this will require additional installation costs and expendable materials. Wind farms have an average lifespan of 20 years.
We also have other materials on the site on the device, types of wind turbines, calculation and DIY manufacturing, and installation.
We invite you to familiarize yourself with them:
View #2 - Earth Energy
One of the alternative heating systems is geothermal. It is based on the use of the energy of the Earth. This is the heat of the earth, groundwater, ambient air, converted by heat pumps (HP). It is important that the medium temperature used by the installation is above zero.
The device and principle of operation of the heat pump
To operate a geothermal system, electricity is needed to transfer the resulting heat. The heat pump, using 1 kW, produces from 2 to 6 kW of heat.
The basic principle of operation of the HP is to collect heat, convert it and further transfer it to the heating circuit. This is realized thanks to the device itself.
The cheapest way to install an air-to-air heat pump. If you build it yourself, you will need a minimum financial investment
HP consists of 3 closed circuits involved in the process of obtaining heat for heating a private house:
- external - designed to take heat from sources. Antifreeze or brine circulates along the circuit;
- internal - filled with refrigerant, more often freon;
- heating circuit filled with coolant.
The freon filling the internal circuit is heated by the heat coming from the external circuit. Having low temperature boiling, it turns into a gas in the first heat exchanger - the evaporator.
Then it enters the compressor, where it is compressed, as a result of which a lot of heat is released, and the temperature of the gas itself rises many times - up to 65 degrees.
Next, gaseous freon enters the next heat exchanger, called a condenser, where it leaves its heat. Freon, having parted with most of the heat, falls under pressure on relief valve. Here the pressure drops sharply, the refrigerant cools and, having taken liquid state, again enters the evaporator.
The heat left by the freon in the condenser heats the fluid circulating in the home's heating system. If this system provides for the installation of underfloor heating, then it is possible to achieve the most efficient heating at minimal cost.
Make it simple heat pump not difficult with my own hands. This will require virtually junk parts, cheaply purchased equipment and, of course, patience. We give a diagram of a thermal system with the intake of heat energy in a well buried in dolomite.
There is much in common in the design of heat pumps. Traditional components: 1 - compressor; 2 - capacitor; 3 - evaporator; 4 - TRV, i.e. thermostatic valve
The evaporator of the system considered in the example is connected to a well that takes energy from the soil.
The photo gallery presents the specifics of a heat pump device for an underfloor heating system:
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Feasibility of using TN
Heat pumps - HP, taking heat from the environment, are different. It all depends on the type of environment used as a source of heat intake and the type of coolant used.
Accordingly, the following types of TN are distinguished:
- air-to-air;
- water-air;
- water-water;
- ground-water.
The first two types of pumps are used in systems air heating, and the second two types - in systems with a liquid heat carrier.
The vertical version of the heat pump is the most efficient in obtaining energy from the earth, but it is the most expensive.
The most profitable from an economic point of view will be the use of thermal. This option is advisable to use if there is a non-freezing reservoir near the house, in which pipes for heat intake are laid.
The heat pump allows you to get 30 W of heat from 1 m of pipeline. Depending on the size of the private household and the energy needs, an appropriate number of pipes will need to be laid.
Air pumps will not replace conventional heating in harsh climates. As for the heat drawn from the ground, this is a very expensive project. use horizontal device geothermal field, vertical and cluster drilling.
In the horizontal version, it is necessary to build a geothermal field to a depth greater than the level of freezing. This is about 1.5-2 m. The area of \u200b\u200bsuch a field is impressive - from 200 m 2.
HPs are able to replace the usual fuel in the heating system, providing complete energy independence for a country house
The implementation of the vertical and cluster project will require drilling to a considerable depth using drilling rigs.
This is a very expensive service. The equipment of this type of heat pumps is advisable for owners of cottages who do not think about the cost of work. Heating, using heat from the bowels of the earth, can completely replace solid fuel or gas.
Geothermal heating is most advantageous to use in tandem with a water "warm floor" device. It allows you to get the best result.
Among the significant disadvantages are the large length of the pipeline for collecting heat, expensive earthworks to install the system, the need for a large area for arranging a geothermal field.
View #3 - solar energy
Solar energy emitted by the sun all year round, capable of becoming an alternative type for heating a country dwelling even in severe frosts. It is important to learn how to properly assemble it and use it in the heating system.
To collect and convert solar energy, solar panels are used on photoelectric converters and collectors, which are a system of tubes filled with a coolant.
Solar installations have a high efficiency. Many zealous owners independently equip their homes with such systems.
The fundamental difference between these converters is that the batteries generate a current that can be used when electric heating country house. Collectors are used in the system of water and air heating. Most effective option- equipment in the premises of the underfloor heating system.
The opinion that the sun is not able to cope with the heating of the house is true only in case of incorrect installation and erroneous calculations of the amount of energy and heat needed. An optimally selected solar plant is quite capable of providing autonomous heating.
Another question is that this will require investing in the purchase of equipment, its installation and integration into the existing heating system.
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The solar system on photovoltaic converters absorbs solar energy, and silicon photocells immediately turn it into a direct electric current. 1 m 2 of installation is capable of generating 120 watts.
In addition to panels that capture solar radiation and convert it, the solar heating system will have to install a charge controller, a DC-to-AC converter and take care of safety - put fuses.
Before you decide on the installation of solar installations, you need to understand their device and the principle of operation.
The advantage of the panels is the ability to connect batteries that accumulate excess energy that can be used at night. Significant drawback when using solar batteries - their greatest efficiency is in the southern regions. In harsh climates, it is not economically feasible to install them for use as the main type of heating.
Solar installations equipped with a tube system are more suitable for regions with cold winters and negative temperatures. Depending on the structure of the panel and materials, there are vacuum collectors, flat and concentrators.
The most expensive among them are those with vacuum tubes. But they are the most effective at any time of the year and any weather, because they can absorb a wide range of solar radiation. Another advantage is that vacuum panels successfully operate at negative temperatures down to -35 °C.
You can install solar collectors with your own hands, without using the services of organizations specializing in this. Such work will require an assistant, but will save the family budget.
The principle of operation of the collector is that it captures solar radiation, which is converted into heat in vacuum tubes. Then it is transferred to the coolant, which delivers it to the heat exchange tank. Then the coolant enters the heating system.
In details best designs for solar heating at home we reviewed at.
View #4 - Biofuel
One of the most effective and available ways a country house is heated by a boiler that runs on biologically clean fuel.
This type of alternative heating uses production waste for its work - crop husks, wood chips, sawdust and other by-products of the woodworking industry.
There are many boilers that work on pellets. It is possible to automate the fuel supply process so that everything happens without the participation of the owner
From various wastes, dense compressed granules of small size are made - pellets that are burned in boilers. Compared to conventional wood, this fuel burns longer and provides more heat.
They also make large dense briquettes from various kinds of waste. plant origin. Such compressed fuel makes it possible to obtain 2-4 times more thermal energy. Its calorific value is up to 5.0 kWh/kg.
Pellets, unlike briquettes, are much smaller. They are applied in automated system heating. Briquettes are more efficient, but have a larger size
For gas boiler biogas can be used. It is easy to obtain in the process of decay of organic waste. To do this, it will be necessary to build a sufficiently voluminous tank, place waste in it, and provide an installation for mixing them.
Under the influence of air and bacteria, the process of decay and gas release will occur. A pipeline for the discharge of waste material is to be installed. Also, to collect gas in special tanks, clean it and move it to the heating system, you need to use the appropriate devices.
An environmentally friendly heating method using an alternative heat source - a hydrogen boiler.
Its work is based on the reaction of the interaction of hydrogen molecules with oxygen, during which a huge amount of heat is released. This type of heating requires compliance with the rules of operation and safety.
The principle of operation of a hydrogen boiler is based on the chemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen, as a result of which a lot of heat is released and no harmful substances. But you need to follow the safety rules.
The main disadvantage is high price factory equipment. The way out of this situation is to equip a hydrogen heating system on your own.
For its operation, it will require a constant connection to sources of electricity and water, hydrogen burner, hydrogen generator, catalysts and the boiler itself. The heat obtained as a result of a chemical reaction enters the heat exchanger, and plain water is used as waste.
How to save on the introduction of "green energy"?
After analyzing the financial component of alternative types of heating, we can come to disappointing conclusion- Significant funds will be required at the initial stage.
Now, after 3-7 years, depending on the chosen heating method, significant savings will become noticeable thanks to a non-volatile system.
It is profitable and convenient to use a combined source of alternative heating. To do this, you can choose the most optimal combination for your home.
Save on usage and installation alternative installations to generate heat is possible. Many home craftsmen are very enthusiastic about creating analogues of factory-made alternative energy conversion devices with their own hands.
So, it is quite simple and inexpensive to assemble a solar plant from a hose, which will serve as an additional source of water heating.
Small windmills are successfully assembled at home from improvised means. Also well-read farmers living in countryside, construct installations for the conversion of biological waste of plant and animal origin into biogas.
Homemade wind turbines are quite efficient. But for their assembly, you will need to make preliminary calculations, purchase consumables, spend your time
In the future, it is used for the needs of the economy. Depending on the size of the digestion tank and the size of the private house, it is possible to fully supply the farm with biogas to meet all needs.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Video about combining alternative sources to generate electricity in a small country house:
A video about making a wind generator with your own hands will help you easily understand the principles of the device:
A short video about using a heat pump:
Video clip about obtaining biogas:
It is quite possible to refuse traditional sources of heating. To do this, you need to carefully select an alternative or combine several, based on the characteristics of the area, the area of your country house and the local area.
The energy of the sun, the earth, the power of the wind, the disposal of household waste of plant and animal origin are quite capable of becoming a worthy replacement for gas, coal, firewood and paid electricity.
Are you using one of the alternative energy sources for home use? Share how much it cost you to assemble the unit and how quickly it paid off.
Or maybe one of your friends has equipped his country house on renewable sources? Using a solar panel system or a heat pump as an independent source for heat, hot water and electricity?
Tell us about your experience in the comments below the article - good example will be useful to homeowners who still doubt the reality of alternative energy.
Green homestead: Not every home located in a suburban area or in a rural area can be connected to a gas supply system or to establish heating using a power supply.
Not every home located in a suburban area or in a rural area can be connected to a gas supply system or heat from a power source. There may be many reasons for this, among which one of the main ones is the ever-increasing costs of connecting, arranging and maintaining a heating system using natural gas. In such situations, the most rational way out is alternative heat sources for the home, which can be selected based on the specific conditions and location of the object.
Numerous heating technologies using various types of energy are offered as alternative heat sources, including those that nature itself gives people - energy, wind, earth, solar electricity, biofuels, as well as the energy of combustion of solid and liquid fuels that has become familiar.
When choosing alternative heating systems for a private house, one should take into account the specifics of local conditions, starting from the criteria for calculations:
Consider alternative methods of space heating and heating systems for private houses, used as an alternative to gas.
BIOFUEL BOILERS - AN ALTERNATIVE HEATING SOURCE FOR A PRIVATE HOUSE AND APARTMENT
Biofuel boilers are common alternative energy sources for a private house, which are distinguished by high quality execution. Biofuel in the form of briquettes and pellets from raw materials of plant origin (sawdust, shavings, lumber waste, sunflower husks) is an alternative heating that can serve perfect replacement gas heating in a private house due to high heat transfer, which can reach 6-8 thousand kcal / kg. Biofuel boiler - universal heating device with high efficiency, equipped automatic system control, and can be successfully used for heating by other types solid fuel, including coal, firewood, coal briquettes.
Biofuel boilers, as alternative sources of heating for a private house, can be used not only for heating (single-circuit boilers), but also to provide hot water supply to premises - for this you can purchase a double-circuit boiler or add a second circuit with a boiler of the appropriate type (flow-through or storage) to an existing device ). A simple device for biofuel boilers makes it possible to equip alternative heating at home with your own hands, thus saving part of the family budget.
HEAT PUMP SYSTEM - A GOOD OPTION
Considering alternative types of heating a private house, it is worth stopping at heat pumps that use the energy of natural heat sources, including ground and surface water, soil, and air. Depending on which alternative heat sources are used, heat pumps differ:
Structurally, the heat pump consists of the following components:
Freon, getting into the evaporator through the capillary hole, evaporates as a result of a sharp drop in pressure. The walls of the evaporator, heated by geothermal water, give off heat to the refrigerant. The compressor, sucking in and compressing the refrigerant, contributes to its heating to a temperature of up to 85-125 ° C, after which it pushes it into the condenser, giving off heat through the condenser to the heating circuit. The cooled refrigerant turns back into a liquid. The process is repeated until the room warms up to set temperature. Having received a signal, the thermostat stops the operation of the heat pump and turns it on again when the temperature in the house drops to the appropriate mark.
If you managed to provide electricity in a private house with your own hands (or with the involvement of a master), installing a heat pump will help reduce heating costs compared to gas heating.
The advantages of heat pumps include:
Scheme of water heating using a heat pump
SOLAR COLLECTORS ARE A GREAT VIEW OF AN ALTERNATIVE
Modern heating of a private house can be provided by numerous alternative heating methods, among which the solar collector is one of the most effective. Unlike solar panels, where solar electricity is generated, solar collectors allow you to concentrate the thermal energy of the Sun and direct it to heat the coolant (water, oil, air, antifreeze, etc.). The coolant circulating in the collector is heated, after which the accumulated heat is transferred to the storage tank for subsequent consumption in the heating and hot water supply system.
INFRARED EMITTERS OWN HANDS
Heat sources - infrared emitters, referred to as eco heaters, are another option for heating rooms in a private house, office or workplace. The principle of operation of an infrared emitter is based on the transfer of thermal energy in the form of infrared radiation to objects that, when heated, give off directed heat to the air of the room, to the surrounding space in open areas, etc.
The most effective IR emitters, as alternative heating systems, are able to heat specific objects or parts of the premises. Thus, with an IR emitter it is possible to heat people working in the open air or in a specific part of the room. The use of infrared heaters creates savings on heating, allowing you to heat only the useful part of the space. According to the method of installation and fastening, heaters are wall, ceiling, floor, with a directional action of infrared radiation.
HYDROGEN BOILERS - NANOMETHOD
Hydrogen boilers as effective alternative heating systems have appeared relatively recently. The hydrogen boiler, as a heat source, uses the thermal energy generated during the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, as a result of which H2O molecules are formed with the simultaneous release of a significant amount of heat (up to 40 ° C). The resulting heat is transferred to space heating.
ELECTRIC APPLIANCES ARE BETTER THAN GAS
Electric boilers as an alternative heating for a private house are the easiest way to find inexpensive ways to heat rooms. It is not difficult to choose an electric boiler, just look into the relevant catalogs, with the help of specialists, calculate the required power of the equipment corresponding to the volume of the premises.
Important: before installing an electric boiler, check the insulation resistance of the electrical wiring and its compliance with the capacity of the new equipment. To avoid power surges, you need a voltage stabilizer.
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To install electric boilers, a separate room is not required - even the most powerful of them are small in size. There is no need for powerful hoods and chimneys - this alternative home heating is fully compliant with environmental requirements. Alternative heating is modern approach to energy. published