How do you pay for heat? Calculation of heating in communal apartments

Homeowners regularly receive bills for the centralized heat supply of high-rise buildings. Receipts contain two items that require payment:

• heating of the living space itself;
• heat supply of entrances, stairs and platforms, corridors.

Calculation of payment for heating an apartment building

This value depends on the presence of a common house meter thermal energy. If there is no heat meter, then the flow hot water is charged in accordance with the standards approved by the decree of the authorized authority. The price printed on the receipt is the final result shown on the payment document. The increasing heat metering factor without heat consumption control devices is not applied, since it has been canceled since March 14, 2017 by the relevant document.

Important! The accrual of housing and communal services in Russia and Ukraine is somewhat different, the above methods of monetary relationships between consumers and representatives of the public utility sector are intended for residents Russian Federation.

The payment for heating an apartment is calculated as the product of three multipliers:

• the total area of ​​the dwelling;
• normative consumption of heat energy;
• tariff plan for a single locality.

Calculation for heating according to a common house metering device is definitely more profitable than paying for heat supply according to normative indicators. However, losses Money from the family budget remain overestimated, since the consumed heat contains extraneous heat losses.

Control of heat consumption of a multi-storey building

Legislatively, two possible calculations of utilities for heating are allowed:

• can be calculated based on the data of the ODPU;
• calculated according to the individual heat controller.

The first option: only a common house accounting device is installed. In this case, the amount of the fee is determined on the basis of the readings of the device, which are distributed among consumers according to the square meters used. This method does not allow you to effectively reduce family budget spending, since general house readings contain additional heat losses due to:

• insufficient insulation of public heated areas of high-rise buildings;
• the presence of poorly insulated apartments with old window frames or corner location.

The management company may offer to pay for the services provided as follows:

• control of heat costs is carried out only in the heated period;
• evenly distributed over all months.

The second option is to insert a personal device connected to a centralized heating system. In this case, the cost of a communal apartment will decrease by approximately 25-30% compared to receipts according to the data of a common house measuring unit.

It should be noted that the supplier company may refuse to allow reporting using personal measuring equipment if not all places of the residential building are equipped with them. Failure can be caused by the fact that the heating equipment has not passed the sealing procedure.


If there is a separate apartment measuring unit, the calculation of the payment for heating according to the metering device will consist of the actual readings of the measuring device and the share of the tenant in relation to heat consumption by public places of a multi-storey building.

Housing and communal services formulas for calculating the cost of heating

For calculations, quite a large number of simple formulas, the use of which is due to a number of factors:

• the presence of a centralized or local heating system - modern new buildings often have built-in or rooftop boilers;
• the presence in the house of an installed public means of heat metering;
• whether or not residential and non-residential premises are equipped with separate heat measuring devices;
• accrual type: only in winter time or equal parts monthly.

Below is a detailed discussion of how to pay for heating on a meter and without it.

Important! The payment rate should be determined in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of 05/06/2011 "On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (as amended on 09/09/2017).

Rules for the mathematical determination of the cost of heat consumption in the absence of energy appliances

If the accrual occurs only during the cold season, then the payment for heating during the heating period is determined as the product of multipliers:

• the size of your housing according to the registration certificate, m2;
• recommended consumption rate, Gcal/m2;
• tariff plan, rub/Gcal.

The tariff rate is determined by authorized government bodies for each specific region.

If funds are written off evenly, regardless of the location of the street thermometer, then the determination of the amount charged looks like the product of the following indicators:

• square footage of your property according to the registration certificate, m2;
• heat energy consumption standard, Gcal/m2;
• periodicity coefficient;
• tariff of the supplied service, rub/Gcal.

The periodicity coefficient is calculated:

K = N/12

Where K is the determined coefficient;

12 - the number of calendar months;

N is the duration of the heating season, months.

In the case when the MKD is equipped with a collective heat meter, and the heated areas of the housing sector are partially equipped with individual nodes heat metering, accrual of payment can be made or in the autumn-spring interval it can be carried out in equal parts, distributed over 12 calendar months.

The first calculation option is based on the following information:

• the volume of hot liquid consumed according to the public accounting device;
• square meters occupied by your living space;
• the total area of ​​residential and non-residential rooms and public places;
• the amount of the declared tariff.

The calculation formula looks like:

P \u003d V * S / S k * T

where P is the calculated heat supply price, rub;

V - the amount of hot water supplied according to the general house control device;

S - the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour apartment, determined by the data sheet;

S k - the total quadrature of all sections of a multi-storey building, regardless of purpose;

T - the tariff declared by the supplier for thermal energy.


If the managing organization makes uniform monthly calculations, then the amount that is paid when using the coolant is considered as a product of the following indicators:

• average monthly value of heat consumption for the previous 12 months;
• quadrature of housing, determined by the accompanying technical documentation;
• tariff size.

Important! The average monthly volume of thermal energy is determined on the basis of a set of measurements taken by the collective heat meter, distributed over the number of months in proportion to the square meters occupied by apartments and common areas.

With this procedure for calculating the cost of service in the first quarter of the current year, the amount of the paid amount is adjusted up or down according to the formula:

R cor \u003d R * S / S k - R kv

where R kv - accruals that you need to pay for providing you with utility services over the past 12 months.

How is it calculated for an apartment with an individual accounting device

Heat energy payment apartment building with individual meters connected in all rooms, it can be calculated in two ways: during the cold season only or year-round in equal shares.

The calculation of the cost of a communal apartment for a heated period is based on the following data:

• heat consumption obtained from measurements of an individual meter;
• the collective level of consumption minus the integrated supply of heat energy to all places equipped with individual heat metering units;
• amount square meters living space indicated in accordance with the technical documentation;
• the total area of ​​all premises of an apartment building, regardless of their use;
• normalized tariff for heat carrier costs.

P \u003d (V i + V 1 * S / S k) * T

where V i is the flow rate shown by the personal heat meter;

V 1 - coolant costs for billing period according to the indicators of the collective heat meter, minus the total amount of energy supplied to all rooms equipped with separate heat metering devices:

V 1 =V-∑Vi

Calculation of heating charges for the entire calendar year:

P \u003d (V i + V * S / S k) * T

where V i is the average monthly consumption of heat supplied according to the measurements of the apartment heat meter.

If housing and communal relations are carried out on the basis of last year's average monthly readings of the general house and personal heat meters, in the first quarter of the current year, the payment amount must be adjusted upward or downward.

The adjustment is defined as the difference between:

• the size of the price determined on the basis of actual measurements of the complex and apartment heat meters for the billing year
• the cost calculated on the basis of average monthly deliveries of heat energy shown by general house and apartment equipment for the year.

How to reduce payments for the use of coolant

The amount accrued by the management company, in the absence of any metering devices for the consumption of thermal energy, can cause serious damage family budget. It is possible to reduce your monthly expenses. The solution to the problem is to insert into one heating system the pipelines of a common house meter and install personal measuring elements. Connecting equipment will reduce costs by about 30%. However, the payback can be several years.

Important! In new houses, the installation of heating meters in the apartment is carried out immediately, at the stage of construction. In this case, only one thing is required from the owners of living space - to issue their sealing, after which they are guaranteed a reduced cost of heat consumption.

According to the requirements of Federal law, consumers have the right to demand in an organized manner from management company installation of a collective heat consumption control device. In order to connect a personal measuring device and get permission to pay according to its testimony, you will have to “wrestle” with the heat supply organization.

A reduction in the amount indicated in the housing and communal services receipt is possible after the completion of work aimed at high-quality insulation of housing. The exclusion of extraneous heat losses will significantly reduce the coolant consumption. Home insulation work will not bring the desired economic result if an apartment heat meter is not installed.

The reason for the overpayment may be too hot radiators. The problem of excessive heating is solved by installing thermostats on batteries, with which you can reduce or increase the flow of coolant, thereby regulating the air temperature in the room. This issue is especially relevant for buildings with vertical wiring pipes, as hot water, rising from the bottom up, gradually cools. The result is hot radiators on the first floors and moderately warm ones on the upper floors.

Important! A radical solution to the problem of exorbitant heat bills is the transition to alternative methods heating. One of them is the presence of its own boiler room. Most often, the boiler room is equipped on the roof. In the modern construction boom in Russia, organizations have appeared that combine the functions of a developer and representatives of housing and communal services. They are responsible for the construction and further operation of the building, including the operation of boiler equipment.

Other possible way space heating is the use of stationary convectors that use electricity or gas fuel. In this case, complete independence from centralized system heat supply, but payments increase according to the readings of the electric meter. This saving option is common abroad, especially in the United States of America.

Why do we pay for heat supply in the ENP in summer

Single payment document(EPD) contains accounts of various sectors of the housing sector, including utility costs for the use of heat in the summer. Tenants have a reasonable question - why do I pay for heat supply in summer, while the heating season is within autumn-spring.

The legislation of the Russian Federation allows the collection of payments for heat supply in two ways:

• in equal monthly installments;
• only in winter time.

Most often, management companies use the first method, as it allows you to evenly “smear” the monthly payment amount. When calculating the second method, the costs of the household budget for heating season will increase significantly, and the rest of the time will not be charged.

You can not blindly trust the amounts prescribed in the receipt. If there are any doubts about the integrity of the representatives of the housing and communal services, it is best to make independent simple calculations using a calculator according to the above calculation methods. If there is a discrepancy, contact the utility company with a request to issue an invoice again.

According to current legislation, the calculation of heating in apartment building carried out in accordance with the current tariffs. Calculation of the tariff can be carried out both with the help of heat meters and with the help of established standards for the volume of consumption of thermal energy.

If the building is equipped with several metering devices, then the difference between common house meters and devices installed in individual apartments is evenly distributed among all residents of the house. To have a more complete picture of such moments, you need to figure out how heating is calculated in an apartment building.

Calculation of payment according to standards

Understand how payment for heating is calculated according to the standard, and you need to use this technique only in cases where there are no meters at all in an apartment building, neither general nor individual.

Calculation of heating according to the standard is carried out according to the following formula:

• P i = S i x N T x T T , where
• S i - the total area of ​​​​the room that consumes thermal energy,
• N T - normative value heat consumption,
• T T is the tariff set by the local heating service provider.

By substituting the required values ​​into the formula, you can calculate the cost of heating. The consumption standard may vary depending on the region, so you need to look for the required value in the relevant normative documents. Tariffs are also individual, and before you calculate the heating according to the standard, you need to find out the specific values.

Calculation formula for a common house meter in an apartment building

Next, you need to figure out how heating is considered in an apartment building if there is a common meter. Provided that such a device is available, the calculation of heating is carried out in accordance with its indications. What is important is that individual metering devices can already be installed in individual apartments, but if not every apartment has them, then the calculation is still carried out according to general indicators.

The formula for calculating heating by a common meter is as follows:

• P i \u003d V D x S i /S about x T T , where
• T T is the tariff cost of heat, set for a particular region by a local supplier,
• V D - the total amount of heat consumed by the building, which is determined by the difference in the readings of the total meters installed at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit of the building,
• S i - the total area of ​​​​a heated apartment, not equipped with an individual metering device,
• S about - the total heated area in the entire building.

Substitution of specific values ​​is carried out in the same way as in the previous example. When the formula takes into account all the necessary values, you can calculate the heating in an apartment building.

Calculation of heating according to individual meters

Now it’s worth figuring out how payment for heating an apartment is calculated, provided there is a meter. If each apartment in the house is equipped with its own meter (at least a common one), then the calculation of the heating fee can be calculated according to its readings. The cost of heat in this case is formed from the total heat, which was taken into account by an individual meter, and the level of general house consumption.

• P i \u003d (V i n + V i one x S i / S about) x T KR, where
• V i n - the total amount of consumed thermal energy recorded by an individual meter,
• V i one - the amount of thermal energy spent on heating non-residential premises in the whole house (defined as the difference between the general house indicator and the sum of all apartment meters),
• S i - total apartment area,
• S about - the total area of ​​​​all heated rooms in the building.

Calculation of heating in communal apartments

By and large, there is not much difference in the calculation of the cost of heating in communal apartments there are no methods described above - all formulas and indicators are the same, you just need to substitute specific values. The only difference in how the heating fee is calculated in the case of communal apartments comes down to the proportional distribution of payment for each room.

If you nevertheless carry out a special calculation for communal apartments, you get a formula of the following form:

• P j . i = V i x S j . i / S k i x T T , where
• S j . i- living space private room,
• S k i - the total area of ​​​​all rooms available in a communal apartment.

Heating of non-residential premises may not be taken into account in this formula, since the actual values ​​are always the minimum.

Calculation of autonomous heating

Apartment buildings can do without district heating- Own boiler room is used for heat supply. With how to calculate heating in an apartment building under this condition, problems may arise - the calculation formula is quite complicated and not very convenient.

The calculation formula is as follows:

• P o i \u003d E v x (V cr i x S i / S about x T KR V), where
• V cr i - the amount of energy used to generate thermal energy,
• T CR V is the cost of this resource, which is determined by current energy prices,
• S i - area of ​​individual living quarters,
• S about - the total area of ​​the building.

Heat meters

In accordance with current legislation, heat meters must be installed mandatory. An important point - the meter is purchased and installed at the expense of the owner of the premises.

The work of heat meters is to measure the temperature difference between the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the system, while simultaneously taking into account the volume of the coolant received. There are two main types of meters - tachometric and ultrasonic. The latter are much more expensive, but high price pays off with higher measurement accuracy and reliability.

When buying a meter, you must definitely check whether it is certified and whether it can be used for heat metering. The installed meter must be sealed by specialists who have the right to perform such work. Verification of devices is carried out every four years.

The cost of heat meters is usually relatively low, but keep in mind that the installation will require a number of additional elements:

1. control valve;
2. Cleaning filter;
3. Stop valve.

Behind additional elements you have to pay a lot. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the cost of tie-in, piping and connecting the meter - these works can only be performed by companies with the appropriate permits. The cost of all work may even be higher than the cost of the meter itself, but these are mandatory expenses.

When choosing a company that will install the meter, you should also pay attention to whether its specialists perform the following work:

1. Preparation of the plant project.
2. Coordination of the project with the supplier of heating services.
3. Carrying out primary verification and registration of the meter.
4. Putting the device into operation.

Of course, the cost of a heat meter and installation work is quite high, but all this is eventually offset by savings when paying for heating.

Conclusion

Calculation of heating in an apartment building can be carried out according to different methods. Choice right way calculation depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the presence and purpose of a heat meter.

How profitable is the calculation of heating according to a common house meter? How is payment calculated when using it? How can you really save on heating? Let's try to understand these rather painful issues for Russians.

Why is it needed

Let's discuss the most important point. By itself, the counter saves nothing. It's just a meter.

If thanks good insulation houses, solid glazing of entrances, plastic windows and facades covered with a “fur coat” made of foam or mineral wool, heat losses are minimized - after installing the meter, residents will receive bills with more modest numbers.

If the access heating heats the street, and the apartments are mostly poorly insulated, the price of heat in the house may well increase.

Please note: in itself, the assessment of the benefits and disadvantages of house meters does not affect anything. According to federal law No. 261 residential buildings must be equipped with metering devices. Dot.

So who benefits from paying for heating at a common house meter? What are the goals of the law?

• More accurate and fair pay distribution. In fact, if the residents of one house have invested significant funds in its insulation, and the residents of another are indifferent to the preservation of heat, it would be wrong to force them to pay at a single tariff. At least, this point of view is preferred by representatives of public utilities.

• Stimulation of residents apartment buildings saving heat is an argument that already looks much more convincing. Unfortunately, economic stimulation is more effective than any persuasion. If a person knows that a broken glass in the entrance or an open door will be a burden on his budget, be sure that the glass will be safer and the doors will close very tightly.
• Finally, the most unpleasant thing for us, consumers of utilities. Law No. 261 completely and completely shifts the care of common property from utilities to us.

Yes, earlier payment for heating entrances and attics was taken from the amounts that we paid for heating; but the amounts themselves were tied only to the current tariff. The management company had to take care of the condition of the common property of the house, and for a fixed fee.

And in general any "communes".

Payment calculation

How is heating calculated for common house needs and for apartments?

Scenario 1

The apartment does not have its own heat meter.

The situation is typical for houses built before the turn of the economy to the capitalist rails. Actually, most of houses in the post-Soviet space are heated by standing heating systems, in which, if individual metering devices are installed, then on EVERY battery. Which, to put it mildly, is costly.

First, the cost of heating one square meter is determined. Heat consumption at current tariffs for the reporting period, registered by the meter, is divided by total area all residential and non-residential heated premises.

Then the share of the apartment in the common house property is determined. It is easy to calculate it.

It remains only to add up the area of ​​​​the apartment itself, the area of ​​​​its share in the common property of the house and multiply the amount received by the cost of heating per square meter.

Scenario 2

How to calculate heating for general house needs and an apartment, if individual counters are they in apartments? The layout of new buildings provides for horizontal wiring from the risers inside the apartment, and it is quite possible to mount the meter.

• You quite predictably pay for the heating of your apartment, based on the readings of an individual meter.
• The amount of heat that is provided to the common area - entrances, attics, etc. - this is the difference between the sum of the readings of the general house and all individual counters.
• Your share of the heat cost for general needs is calculated in exactly the same way as in the previous scenario: it is proportional to the area of ​​your apartment.

Scenario 3

How much will the residents of those apartments pay for heating, in which there are no individual metering devices, if they are installed in other apartments?

The payment scheme is also clear and logical:

• Heat consumption is recorded for all individual and common house meters;
• The difference is the cost of heating apartments without meters and the common area. We calculate the cost of heating one square meter according to taken testimony, after which we accrue payment according to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bflats that are not equipped with meters, and shares in the common property.

How to save on heating

As we have already found out, the calculation of general house heating in itself is not always beneficial. What measures can bring real savings?

Individual metering devices in combination with thermostatic heads or chokes. In this case, you pay only for the heat that you really need. In addition, in this case, you are less dependent on the consciousness and common sense of your neighbors.

What is the practical implementation?

• A heat meter is installed at the heating input to the apartment. It must be sealed by representatives of the organization that sells you heat.
• Thermostats or chokes are installed on the connections to heating devices. Chokes are somewhat cheaper; in the very budget option the adjustment function can be assigned even to conventional valves. However, adjusting the temperature of the radiator with a valve is not a trivial task.

Please note: it is better not to use screw valves. Rubber gaskets can block the gap with a half-closed valve at the most inopportune moment, leaving you without heat. Actually, about this type of valves in our time, you can completely forget.

The ideal option is, of course, mechanical or digital thermostats. The head is installed in such a way that it is not in the flow of hot air rising from the heater. After calibration, it is able, with acceptable accuracy, to maintain exactly the patency of the liner, which is necessary to maintain the set temperature in the room.

What if you have a standing heating system? Putting metering devices on each radiator is a project with a very dubious payback. In addition to the huge initial costs, you will have to pay for their periodic maintenance, verification and possible repairs.

Part of the problem can be solved by the so-called heat cost allocator. What it is? Simple Digital Thermometer, which continuously captures and records the surface temperature of the radiator and the air in the room.

The device is cheap and extremely easy to install with your own hands: it is attached directly to the surface of the heater.

Knowing the heat output of each battery, the temperature of the air and the radiator during the month, and the total heat consumption by all radiators, it is possible to estimate the heat consumption in each apartment with sufficient reliability. As a result, we will get a serious incentive to save heat energy, since we will pay only our own expenses.

Nuance: for a reliable assessment of the comparative consumption of thermal energy, at least 75 percent of the heating devices in the house must be equipped with temperature sensors.

The device allows you to evaluate the actual heat transfer of the radiator. Its retail price is about 1 thousand rubles.

Another solution that can reduce TOTAL costs is an automatic substation. Devices are in demand mostly among organizations: at a cost of 400,000 rubles, they provide a significant reduction in the cost of heating the house as a whole, but they do not solve the problems of relationships between residents.

How does such a device work?

Remote temperature sensors monitor outdoor temperature on the street. When calculating temperature chart the most advanced devices take into account the degree of insulation of the building and its thermal inertia. The temperature of the heat carrier and the passability of the heating unit are adjusted to the actual heat demand.

When using automatic control of the heating system, common house heating meters begin to bring real benefits.

Accounting problems

As usual, any innovation brings with it a lot of new problems. What troubles should we expect from the next initiative of the government?

• The first pitfall awaits us already at the stage of implementation of the legislation. You see, the initiative comes from the government. But the residents themselves must pay for the common house meters for heating, and their installation.

Sometimes we are talking about very significant amounts. The introduction of general house accounting will cost from 150 thousand rubles. Calculate the costs of each apartment for, say, a small 10-unit two-story house not difficult.

Heat metering systems are quite expensive. The fewer apartments in the house, the greater the amount that each tenant will pay.

However: houses in emergency, to be demolished and those where the cost of a meter with installation is comparable to a six-month payment for heat, are not subject to law No. 261.

• Residents of non-privatized apartments do not participate in the payment for the installation of metering devices. Their costs are covered by the municipality.

It would seem that one can only rejoice; but the costs are significant! And the budget is not rubber. Municipal organizations will have to save on purchases for current repairs and maintenance of housing, which is not so happy.

• Maintenance of the metering device includes periodic cleaning of filters, mud collectors, repair stop valves before and after the counter. In addition, after the end of the one-year warranty, all subsequent repairs of the device itself are paid by the tenants. Moreover, in a very curious way: under this item of expenditure, payment for the maintenance of housing increases.

That is, regardless of whether the meter is broken or serviceable, we pay for its repair.

• The managing organization, after installing a house metering device, finds itself in a delicate position.

On the one hand, it must pay monthly for the consumed energy. In the absence of payment, the supplier can simply stop the heat supply by closing the valves in his well. What consequences this may have in severe frosts - I think it is not necessary to explain.

On the other hand, among tenants there is always a certain percentage of non-payers. Each organization deals with this problem in its own way; however, the management will have a very strong temptation to distribute the shortage among those apartments that regularly pay for heat. There were precedents.

• Finally, the law lacks a clear instruction on what to do in the event of a device failure. Several incidents have been reported in the press where, as a result of technical failure tenants were billed three times as much as usual.

At the same time, the solution to the problem was, to put it mildly, strange: the authorities went to meet the inhabitants of the houses, giving them ... an installment plan to pay the full amount of the debt.

Useful little things

Finally - a small amount of purely technical information about home metering devices.

With low heat consumption and high pressure in heating system installation of the cheapest mechanical counters is allowed. At big expense and low pressure, greater accuracy will be given by ultrasonic or electromagnetic device. Actually, most of the house meters are ultrasonic.

Along with heating, metering devices measure the consumption of hot water. Relatively recently, meters have appeared with a function that is very useful for domestic realities: they take into account water with a temperature below 40 ° C as cold with a corresponding price adjustment.

When introducing heat metering in an apartment building, it is very useful to conduct a so-called energy audit: to identify places of heat leakage and recommend measures to reduce them. The event, however, is quite costly. For residents of a medium-sized 5-storey building, the cost exceeds 50 thousand rubles, for a nine-story building - 100 thousand.

For mechanical meters, it is not enough to install conventional mud collectors and filters coarse cleaning. A magnetic-mechanical filter is needed to delay the inevitable steel pipes scale and rust.

Such a filter will retain metal particles, the size of which allows it to pass through the mesh.

I received another payment for a communal apartment and was stunned. The heating bill reaches 4.5 thousand rubles. Moreover, it cannot be said that the batteries are especially hot. How to explain it? Many Russians are asking themselves a similar question this winter. After all, tariffs for thermal energy have not changed since January 1, 2018, and the amount has often increased. So that everyone can calculate whether we are charged, we will tell you how the calculation is carried out.

If there is a public meter

If a high-rise building is equipped with a common house metering device, then residents pay for heating according to the fact: how much they spent on heating the house, they will take that much, dividing the amount in proportion to the footage of the apartments. How more apartment the more expensive.

To find out how much was spent on a particular living space, you need to divide the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour apartment by the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bnon-residential, but heated premises in the house. We multiply the amount received by the volume that was required to heat the house, and again by the established tariff. The initial data for the calculation can be obtained from the Criminal Code. For example, heating a 10-story building requires 350 gigacalories. The apartment has an area of ​​50 square meters. All premises occupy 15,000 square meters. The tariff for heat is 1800 rubles per 1 gigacalorie. Substituting the data into the formula, we get 1890 rubles.

The meter is standing, but we pay for heat all year round

Even with a meter, heating charges can be charged throughout the year. In this case, the total amount in the payment is determined as the product of the tariff, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, the average monthly volume that was required to heat the house for the previous year. We must divide the result obtained by the area of ​​​​all apartments and non-residential premises in the house. The tariff, the area of ​​​​the apartment and the house are the same, and the amount of thermal energy, determined according to the readings of the common house meter for the previous year, is 1900 gigacalories (we divide this figure by 12 months). We get 948 rubles.

If there is no heat meter

The easiest way to calculate the payment for heating in a house in which there is no meter. If heating is paid only during the heating season, then the amount of the fee is determined as the product of the area of ​​​​the apartment, the standard for consumption of utility services for heating and the tariff. If you have to pay for heating all year round, you need to multiply the amount of heating payment received by the number of months heating period(for example, from October to April) and divided by 12 months.

Housing calculator

The other day, the Ministry of Construction presented a unified methodology for determining the amount of payment for housing, which includes maintenance and Maintenance common property in the house. According to it, the municipalities will be able to establish the procedure for regulating the payment for housing, if the owners have not determined its size at the general meeting. The main "fork" is whether to determine the cost of maintenance fees for residential premises by type of houses or based on the set of works that the management company performs. Then the tenants could use this set as a "calculator".

According to Svetlana Razvorotneva, Executive Director of the National Center for Public Control in the Housing and Public Utilities Sector "ZhKKh Kontrol", setting the cost housing service by types of houses will make it possible to strictly limit the growth in the cost of this service. In addition, this technique is easier to apply - residents can easily understand what type of house they have. Although the disadvantages are also obvious - there are many houses in Russia and each has its own characteristics.

An alternative approach would be to list a set of jobs to be carried out in the home based on its specifications and degree of improvement. In this case, the tariff is individual for each house.

Razvorotneva believes that the "calculator" of the fee is needed for the tenants so that they can check the correctness of the size of the fee that the management company sets. And contractors need it to set an economically justified tariff, and not be guided by average calculations of municipalities, which are often far from reality.

point-blank question

If there are no meters in the house, then the size of the payment for heating during the year and from year to year should not change. With metering devices, the fee may differ.

Objectively, the size of the payment for heating depends on the temperature outside, the lower the degree, the higher the payment. But often this dependence is not respected. All because heat supply organizations interested in maximizing profit from the sale of heat. Even if a metering device is installed in the house, they are ready to supply thermal energy in an overestimated volume. It is not difficult to check this: if there is an overflow in the house and the residents are forced to open the windows, this certainly means that the thermal workers are abusing their monopoly position, - says Vladilen Prokofiev, director of the Urban Economy department of the Institute of Urban Economics.

Management companies should ensure that thermal workers do not misbehave. But, unfortunately, they do not always fulfill their duties. Citizens need to fix the fact of overflow. The existing temperature range is 18-25 degrees. If there is more on the thermometer, invite a representative of the Criminal Code, who will draw up an act. After that, you need to request a recalculation.

There is another way. Based on the results of the heating season, it is necessary to calculate the amount of heat that the house should have consumed if the thermal workers complied with the requirements of the law. It is better to involve a professional for this. Compare the results of the calculation with the volumes set by the meter. If the numbers are very different, then ask for a recalculation.

Many of those who this year received receipts for payment for services were very surprised at how impressive the amounts for heating turned out to be. Of course, when you were designing the heating of an apartment and installing heating in an apartment gas type, it was understood that the main costs would belong only to the installation of the system. Not so long ago, new rules were established explaining the calculation of heating in an apartment. In addition, another additional line appeared in the receipt - ODN heating.

In this article, we will help determine how the heating in the apartment is calculated. According to the new rules and norms of calculation, payment for any public service, including for heat energy, will be divided into several parts: payment for services that are provided in a residential building, and payment for services provided for the general needs of the whole house. For this reason, the receipt for heating will now have not only one line, but two.

Calculation

The procedure for calculating the heating bill will depend entirely on how the house is heated and what heating appliances installed indoors. There are several basic options for equipping a house with devices and appliances, on which the way heating in an apartment is calculated largely depends:

• In a residential type house, only one device is installed, which is common, and in apartments and non-residential type premises, metering devices are completely absent.
• Installed in the house general appliance, which is needed to account for heating, but also individual rooms in the house are equipped with individual appliances.
• The house is completely missing a common heating meter.

First of all, you need to find out if one common house appliance is installed in the house, and also whether there are other appliances in residential or non-residential premises individual accounts heating.

Example #1

In a residential building, one common device is installed, and there are no individual devices in the premises. When deciding how to calculate heating in an apartment, we note that the payment for heating in a residential area is carried out according to the formula No. 3 of the Rules based on the readings of the meter for individual heating, which is installed in the apartment, or the standard of heat consumption established for heating in residential premises type. All instrument readings are taken into account in Gcal.

1. The volume of heat according to the data of the common house appliance was 250 Gcal.
2. The total area of ​​the house, which includes all apartments, as well as non-residential premises, is 7000 square meters. meters.
3. The area of ​​the apartment is 75 sq. meters.
4. The tariff for heat energy is 1400 rubles. for 1 Gcal.

Calculation of heating by the area of ​​​​the apartment will be carried out using the following scheme:

250 * 75 / 7000 * 1400 = 3750 rubles

This was the calculation of the first component of the receipt, the second component will be calculated according to formulas No. 10 and No. 14. According to the first formula, the volume of the service is calculated, and according to the second, the amount of the fee in rubles. To determine the volume, you need to take into account the area of ​​​​non-residential premises and apartments. For example, the size of the area is 6000 square meters. meters.

The volume of heat will be produced by the following calculation:

250 * (1-6000 / 7000) * 75 / 6000 = 0.446428571 Gcal.

3750 + 625 = 4375 rubles.

Example #2

One common device is installed in the house, and there are also individual devices in some residential or non-residential premises. Payment for heating in the apartment will be made according to formulas No. 1 and No. 2.

According to formula No. 1, the calculation will be made by the following method:

1.5 * 1400 = 2100 rubles

• 1.5 is the amount of heat in Gcal, which was taken from what shows individual device;
• 1400 rubles is the tariff for payment of 1 Gcal of heat;

According to formula No. 2, the calculation is made in the following way:

• the number 75 is the area of ​​​​the apartment;
• 0.025 Gcal - the rate of heat consumption per 1 sq.m.

How to calculate the heating in the apartment, in this case, will depend on whether the apartment has an individual heat meter. The second component of the receipt will be calculated according to formulas 10 and 13. The first will calculate the amount of payment for heat, and the second will calculate the volume of services.

(250 - 10 -5000 * 0.25 - 8 -30) * 75 / 6000 = 0.9625 Gcal

Of the unknown indicators, we can distinguish such as:

• 10 Gcal - the amount of thermal energy that was consumed in non-residential premises;
• 5000 sq. m. - total area of ​​all apartments;
• 8 Gcal is the amount of heat that was consumed in the apartments. The data is taken from individual devices.
• 30 Gcal is the amount of heat that is needed for the needs of hot water supply, if there is no centralized heating distribution in the apartment.

0.9625 * 1,400 = 1,347.50 rubles

The total payment for heating the apartment will be calculated using the following method:

2 100 + 1347.50 = 3 447.50 - if the heating system of the apartment has an individual device;

2,625 + 1,347.50 = 3,972.50 rubles - if the device is not in the apartment.

Example #3

The common house appliance is completely absent. The payment for heat will be calculated according to formulas No. 1 and No. 2.

Before calculating the heating in the apartment, according to formula No. 1, the calculation will look like:

1.5 * 1400 = 2100 rubles

According to formula No. 2, the calculation will be made as follows:

0.025 * 75 * 1400 = 2625 rubles

For general house needs, the calculation will look like:

0.025 * 100 * 75/6000 = 0.03125 Gcal

• 100 sq.m. - the area of ​​​​the premises that are included in common property in home.

The calculation of heating in an apartment in rubles is calculated by the following method:

0.03125 * 1,400 = 43.75 rubles

2,100 + 43.75 = 2,143.75 rubles - if the apartment has an individual device;

2625 + 43.75 = 2668.75 rubles - if the device is not available.

Note that if you have problems with heating in the apartment, and you just don’t know yet how to conduct individual heating in the apartment, then you should definitely contact the specialists who will explain everything and help solve the problems. First, an apartment heating project is being done. After its approval, you can proceed to the next step - to purchase equipment and, possibly, provide for such an option as additional heating apartments.

Before you make heating in the apartment, you should carefully think through everything - not without the participation of professionals. And if repair of heating in the apartment is required, then ideal option there will be an appeal to a special service - since independent actions can harm not only you, but also those around you.