Heat meters for vertical piping. How to put meters for heating in an apartment: installation of individual appliances

Housing and communal services are becoming more and more expensive, so there is a need to keep records of the consumed benefits of civilization. You won’t surprise anyone with water meters for a long time. They are already in many apartments and allow you to really save money on utility bills.

Why do you need a heating meter?

Heat meters are starting to gain popularity. When installing such a device in an apartment, it becomes possible to control how much the housing really warms up. Using data like this costs can be reduced and pay only for the heat actually received, and not for standard consumption rates.

Naturally, many are concerned about the question of how quickly heat meters for heating will pay off. Practice shows that installation costs are not so high, but the savings will be visible quickly enough. The tenant will not need to compensate from his own pocket for the flaws in the work of the Housing Office and heat loss heating systems.

A heating meter can be installed both individually for your home, and for the whole house. Today on the market you can find a large number of models that differ from each other in price and principle of operation.

Types of heat meters for heating

The device measures heat consumption and registers the temperature, analyzes the data obtained and as a result gives indications of how many gigacalories are spent per square meter. For them tenants and pay utility services. The process of taking readings is similar to paying for electricity.

There is four types of counters heat for the apartment:

1. Mechanical;
2. ultrasonic;
3. Vortex;
4. Electromagnetic.

Mechanical heat meters

Mechanical meters are the simplest in technical terms and are available for ordinary people. A special device rotates inside the device when a coolant flows through it and gives readings to a digital display. Counters of this type are turbine, screw and vane. Such a heat meter is inexpensive, which is its advantage, but it does not work for long, only a few years, and needs frequent replacements.

Its durability is affected by factors such as rust, water hardness, scale. The device can become clogged and fail. The consumer will have to buy a new one and deal with all related design issues.

Ultrasonic meters

Ultrasonic readers are much more efficient and measure the amount of heat received with great accuracy. Accordingly, its price is much higher. The service life is practically unlimited, but there are requirements for the quality of the coolant. When installing it, a filter is required, since it only needs pure water. If all conditions are not met, the readings may be distorted.

Such a meter is usually installed in apartments.

Devices are Doppler, temporal, frequency, correlation. The device records the time during which the coolant passes the path from the boiler room to the radiator in the apartment.

Vortex heat meters

Vortex devices estimate the amount of heating consumed by means of obstacles created by the movement of water or steam, that is, vortices. It can be installed both vertically and horizontally. heating system.

The main advantage of such a heat meter is that it works great despite possible deposits in the pipes. At the same time, it reacts poorly to excess impurities in water, the ingress of air bubbles into the coolant and welding. During installation, the dimensions of the pipelines in which the device is installed are also important. This factor should be taken into account when buying a device.

Electromagnetic meters

Electromagnetic heat meters for heating reads readings using current. It appears when pipelines going hot water. Counters are safe in operation. Incorrect installation, poor water quality adversely affect the operation of the device.

Nowadays, such heat meters have become an excellent replacement for mechanical devices, due to their accuracy, affordable price and resistance to possible shortcomings of the heating system. Both of these types of devices are usually used when installing general house heat meters, but electromagnetic models are in great demand and are replacing their mechanical counterparts.

The choice of common house and individual meters

The most profitable option for accounting for heat input will be the installation of a common house meter. In this case, the tenants of the house make a decision about its purchase and installation. The device will be connected to a common pipe, which provides heating for the entire building. Although the cost of a heating meter for general use is quite high, issue price for residents of apartments in the end will not be so significant. The readings obtained are divided by the number of residents, and the payment itself will be made by a person specially selected at the meeting.

If there is no agreement among the tenants, then it makes sense to install a heat meter for heating in the apartment. It will help you save money on utility bills. The price of such a device is lower than that of a meter for general house needs. Purchase, installation and maintenance falls entirely on the shoulders of the homeowner. But the benefits of heat metering will be immediately visible. The purchase will pay off and bring profit in the future.

Installation of heat meters for heating for the whole house and in the apartment also differ from each other.

First of all, it should be said that although the installation can be carried out on your own, it is better to do all the work with the involvement of professionals. Myself the algorithm looks like in the following way:

1. Drawing up an installation plan and coordinating it with public utilities;
2. Implementation of all works;
3. Registration of the device in public utilities and putting it into operation.

All meters have documents that indicate when it is necessary to check the device. In most cases, this happens every four years. When the time is right, you should contact a specialized company that will test the heat meter. These may be commercial organizations Rostest, manufacturing companies. The latter often carry out the verification themselves with the help of their employees.

In the event that all the residents of the house decided to keep a record of heat, then they make a purchase and hire specialists to install a heating meter. In advance, at a general house meeting, all questions regarding the price must be resolved.

In the case of installing a heat meter for an apartment, the customer himself carries out the procedures for registration and registration of the device. This method is also good because it can become insurance in case of malfunctions in the operation of a common house heat meter.

During installation, the wiring system in the apartments matters. This may affect the installation process. heat meter in an apartment, what will be the price. Common in older buildings vertical wiring, that is, the apartment has several risers. Mounting a heat meter in each of them is economically unprofitable. Here you can put distributors that record the temperature on the radiator and in the room, analyzing the heating efficiency.

Fortunately, new apartments are equipped with a horizontal piping system, so it is enough to install one heat meter. It is best to put it in the pipe itself, through which the coolant flows.

Who to contact for installation of a heat meter?

You need to choose a company carefully. It is very important to collect information on the availability of qualified specialists and professional equipment. The company must have all certificates and permits. A serious organization provides guarantee for the work performed. There must be information about the company in the Unified State Register legal entities. Service maintenance heat meters will be an additional plus. You should ask if the company provides installments and benefits to its customers.

money question

Meter cost may vary several thousand to several tens of thousands rubles. The most expensive models are the most reliable and accurate. Budget options will have to be changed, and the cost savings may not be as significant.

Payment by meters is as follows: every month, when the heating system is operating, you should take readings, write them down, subtract the results of previous measurements from them. The difference calculated by calculation is multiplied by the tariff rates and the amount that needs to be paid is obtained.

The use of a heat meter will allow ordinary citizens to reduce utility bills. Utilities will become more responsible in their duties, monitor the operation of the heating system, without shifting this burden onto the shoulders of tenants.

The owner usually does not monitor the expiration of the verification or service life, but the Criminal Code monitors this carefully. No verification or replacement of water meters has been carried out - the numbers in the receipts will increase instantly. All payments for ODN and leaks will be distributed to you, and in Moscow it is sometimes difficult to achieve a recalculation.

A competent worker will replace the device in an hour

If the device was installed by responsible persons. Working in Moscow, we often face the lack of stopcock, and this is a gross violation. In such cases, it is necessary to coordinate with the UK and neighbors the overlap of highways. Of course, our specialists must install a tap when replacing a water meter in Moscow and the region.

Otherwise, the procedure is everyday, routine:

• Pipelines and communications are inspected, the risks of leaks are checked;
• It turns out whether a new crane is needed, or it can be limited to verification. Quite often, the owners are not aware of this circumstance;
• When replacing a water meter in Moscow, a set of documents is prepared (of course, the connections are checked, the serviceability of the device is checked).

Everything is done quickly, at the agreed time, without the usual garbage and dirt, often left by plumbers. Inspection of pipes and communications is mandatory, for customers it does not cost extra money. This is a service from the TeploVodoMontazh company.

When replacing a water meter in an apartment, reconciliation of readings is required

Keep this in mind, even when contacting another company. After dismantling, no one will take into account the readings of the old device. For insurance against extra expenses(disputes), record the numbers by receiving the act of taking evidence.

Considering short term payback (due to savings on utility bills), we recommend choosing high-quality devices. On the cost of replacing a water meter in an apartment high price will be slightly affected, and the problems will be much less.

Some owners began to install cold water filters directly on the inlet pipelines. Such complexes are becoming more popular, providing clean, practically drinking water the whole apartment.

Our prices

The appearance of an introductory water treatment complex is convenient for the owners, and replacing an apartment water meter is becoming easier and cheaper. As well as the maintenance of all plumbing, which suffers less from pollution, especially after long outages.

Heat meter in non-residential premises BEFORE and AFTER installation

Meter manufacturer Pulsar (Russia)

The design and installation of similar systems is one of our areas of activity, we suggest that you carefully consider the new possibilities of cleaning and accounting systems.

Apartment-by-apartment metering of heat energy is possible only with horizontal wiring of the heat supply system!!!*

Call us or leave a request on the site and our manager will contact you.

Heating wiring- this is a layout of heating devices and pipes connecting them. The efficiency of the heating system, its economy and aesthetics significantly depend on the type of wiring.
The main types of heating wiring:

• One-pipe and two-pipe
• Horizontal and vertical
• Dead-end and with the oncoming movement of the coolant
• Heating with top and bottom wiring

A specific heating system must have one of two features from all four groups of characteristics. For example, the wiring can be a single-pipe horizontal with an upper heating distribution and a dead-end movement of the coolant, or it can be a two-pipe horizontal with a bottom wiring and a counter-flow of the coolant, etc.
Consider these schemes based on the possibility of installing a heat meter for apartment accounting heat.

Vertical wiring of the heating system

Received the greatest distribution in the Soviet Union in the period from 1960 to 1999 because of the cheapness and ease of laying engineering communications. About the problems associated with its applications, the engineers of that time did not think too much.

Single pipe vertical heating system

This wiring system is common mainly in houses. old building until early 2000. In such houses, the supply line passes through the technical floor or in the basement of the house, and the coolant enters each battery in series (gradually cooling down) along the vertical risers.

Advantages: low consumption of pipes. Because of him, some unscrupulous developers continue to create houses with such wiring to this day.
Disadvantages: the impossibility of turning off individual heating devices, and the inability to adjust them, the overrun of heating devices, and large heat losses of the coolant. What does the impossibility of installing apartment heat metering devices.

If, with a single-pipe wiring, the coolant moves along one solid circuit through all radiators, then with a two-pipe system, there are two risers: from one the coolant enters the radiator, and leaves the other.

Two-pipe vertical heating system

With a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring, the supply and return main pipelines run in the floor of the lower floor of the building or in the basement, and the coolant enters independently into each radiator.

Advantages: good regulation of the heating system, the possibility of separate shutdown of each heater, no overrun of heaters.

Disadvantages: the length of pipelines increases in comparison with a single-pipe scheme, the practical impossibility of installing apartment heat meters.

Reasons for the impossibility of installing apartment heat meters in houses with vertical heating distribution

• metrological problem. The heat meter is considered to be operating correctly when the temperature difference of the heat carrier between the inlet and outlet (supply and return) is more than 3 about C. Heat consumption of 1 radiator, depending on the standard sizes, finning factor and heating area, ranges from 0.5 o C to 2 o C.
• The need to install heat meters for each riser which is expensive and very troublesome. In the future, the user will have to manually take readings from each of the meters, summarize them and submit them to the heat supply organization. Risk of mathematical error and human factor. High costs for verification, which partially offsets the savings from the installation and increases the payback.
• The scope of the device is written in the passport of the heat meter. For example, for Ultraheat T-230 - "The meter is used to account for the energy consumed in apartments, cottages, apartment buildings and small businesses… temperature measurement in the supply and return pipelines is performed…. etc., etc. "Nowhere is there a word about the battery, but there is no supply and return pipeline on the battery.

All of the above reasons are arguments for heat supply organizations not to take heat meters installed in houses with a vertical distribution of the heating system into commercial accounting.

The only way to organize heat metering in a vertical heating distribution scheme is through heat distributors.

Horizontal distribution of the heating system

In this case, the main pipeline goes through all floors, heating niches are located on each floor, in which, through outlets from risers, each of the rooms on the floor has its own connection (according to horizontal pipes located in the floor) to the general heating system.

Horizontal one-pipe schemes rarely used, they have a rather narrow scope and are not used for heating apartment buildings, therefore, here we will consider options for two-pipe wiring.

Two-pipe horizontal (floor) heating system with perimeter wiring

Looking at the figure, you can see that from the main supply and return risers along the perimeter of the room, pipelines are laid in the floor to each heater. Each apartment has its own input heating system. A heating niche with main risers can be located both in the apartment itself and in the corridors common use(on the floor of the apartment location or 1 floor below the location of the apartment) depending on the design of the house heating wiring.

Each radiator is equipped with Mayevsky taps for air release and often automatic air collectors are installed on each of the floor heating outlets.

This wiring diagram is the most common in multi-storey buildings. residential buildings due to ease of execution and affordability for developers.

Advantages: similar to a two-pipe vertical system, plus there are no risers on each heater(except for main risers). It is possible to turn off the heating system by floor and use radiators with a bottom connection, which, along with laying main pipelines in the floor structure or in the plinth, allows you to minimize the number of open pipes and improve the aesthetics of the interior of the premises.

Disadvantages: the need to use pressure compensators for high-rise buildings, the complexity of operation due to the presence of air valves on each heating device, high heat losses in the floor and through the building envelope.

Two-pipe floor heating system with collectors on each floor (beam)

In heating niches on outlets from main pipeline(riser) on each floor there are collectors - supply and return. From the collectors, the supply and return pipelines under the floor are connected individually to each radiator in the apartment.

Advantages: similar to two-pipe horizontal heating systems with more high reliability systems as a whole, high level energy efficiency and lower heating costs.

Disadvantages: large length of supply pipelines, high cost.

The beam wiring diagram is innovative for our country. Today, such a system is becoming increasingly popular in construction.

In such heating systems, apartment heat meters can be used.

Department of Housing and Public Utilities of the Ministry of Regional Development: "In multi-apartment residential buildings with vertical single pipe systems heating installation of heat energy meters in individual apartments is not possible. It is only allowed to use a system of general house and apartment accounting for the regulation of consumed heat energy using distributors installed on each heating device ... ".
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011 directly indicates that individual (apartment-by-apartment) heat meters are required to be installed, if such is the desire of the owner of the apartment. The draft Resolution was prepared by the Ministry of Regional Development at one time. On the technical possibilities of overcoming contradictions in the article by specialists of the Teplocom holding

Recently, on behalf of the Department of Housing and Public Utilities of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation, an extended technical meeting was held on the issue of technical feasibility and the conditions for the use of apartment-by-apartment metering devices for consumed thermal energy in multi-apartment residential buildings with vertical wiring of in-house heating systems. The conclusion was extremely categorical: “In multi-apartment residential buildings with vertical one-pipe heating systems, the installation of heat energy meters in individual apartments is impossible. It is only allowed to use a system of general house and apartment accounting for the regulation of consumed heat energy using distributors installed on each heating device ... ".

Well, that's already progress. Recall that relatively recently, apartment-by-apartment metering of heat consumption was expressly prohibited. normative documents. Now, as we see, the persons involved in the process agree to the distributors. Although the latter are just an imitation of reliable heat metering: based on the readings of heat distributors, only the distribution of the total amount between residents can occur. Not without reason, at the autumn international conference on energy efficiency in St. Petersburg, the reports sounded extremely negative assessments of the reliability of such heat accounting, which, according to experts, does not exceed ... 10 percent (!).

Apartment heat metering. We will not turn away

Meanwhile, the new rules for the provision of public services (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011) directly indicate that individual (apartment-by-apartment) heat meters are required to be installed, if such is the desire of the owner of the apartment - even if in house allegedly not suitable for this vertical wiring system. Such requirements and permits are directly contained in paragraphs 31, 33, 42 of the Rules, and Appendix No. 2 to the Rules contains a detailed procedure for calculating the amount of payment for heat in an apartment equipped with an individual heat consumption meter.

True, the Rules - although they have entered into force - have not yet been put into effect due to the lack of some additional regulations. But there is no doubt that this will happen by the next heating season. Based on the experience of previous years and the statistics of the rapid spread of apartment metering devices for cold and hot water, there is no doubt that apartment-by-apartment heat metering devices will be quickly in demand by apartment owners and will appear in hundreds of thousands of apartment buildings throughout the country in a short time. A preliminary study of the possible market for such metering devices showed their very high demand.

Apartment heat meters Teolokom. Already in preparation

In these circumstances, the Teplocom holding is making serious efforts to develop a high-quality and inexpensive device for apartment heat metering. It will be a metering device, not a distributor (there are many questions and complaints about the latter). AT this moment the device for apartment heat metering is in the final stage of development. Apartment heat metering is carried out according to the data of primary converters own production. For this, the following are provided: a temperature converter, a flow meter, a floor concentrator with the function of a differential calculator. For vertical single-pipe wiring, a set of temperature transducers is used to improve the accuracy of measuring the temperature difference.

Calculation of heat is carried out on the house computer. This provides for the calculation of heat for each apartment, maintaining and sorting a database of instrument readings, archiving measurement data, creating reports (pre-billing), monitoring the state of the system, checking primary converters, checking the house balance of the system, analyzing parameters and transient characteristics in order to identify errors and failure prediction.

Expected cost of components for one-room apartment(two risers) - about 7 thousand rubles. In addition, additional costs for floor hubs and a home computer will depend on the number of apartment owners wishing to connect to the system. When connecting a 40-apartment MKD entrance to the apartment heat metering system, they will amount to about 300 rubles.

As you can see, the cost of an apartment heat metering device is quite affordable for ordinary consumers. The device can pay off in one or two heating seasons (depending on the heat tariffs in a particular region and on the heat losses of the building and apartment). This system allows for apartment-by-apartment heat metering in 99% of buildings and is compatible with devices already installed and on the market.

The possibility of phased implementation seems to be extremely convenient - you can start with one or two apartments in the house. True, the initial costs will increase in this case, but they will pay off with the subsequent accession to the system of other neighbors.

Most effective way MKD equipment for apartment heat metering will be the creation of a distributed network of primary converters and a data collection and processing system. Optimal apartment-by-apartment heat metering can be organized only when systems approach and creation of a house information-measuring complex. However, step by step installation system is quite acceptable, especially since it is unlikely that it will be possible to avoid it in the presence of the will of the owner of even one apartment.

With the advent of cold weather, in apartment buildings, it turns on centralized heating and on the one hand, this seems to be a boon to civilization, but on the other hand, when we see the bill for the provided utilities, we feel deceived. There are several standard situations when the heating bill becomes unreasonably high:

• In some apartments, in winter, due to any technical faults or at the whim of unscrupulous ZhEKs (who, with the help of stop valves reduce the flow of coolant through the system, thereby reducing the temperature given off by the heating radiator to the apartment), residents have to freeze. In this situation, there is an additional need to heat the apartment with electricity, for example, oil heaters, convectors or fan heaters. In this situation, the payment for utilities spent on heating grows several times completely unreasonably.
• There is another situation when in an apartment, during heating season, is constantly observed fever. In this situation, it becomes necessary to constantly open windows for ventilation, thereby releasing excess heat, throwing away your financial resources for heating the street. And in this situation, the cost of utilities for heating is unreasonably high.

I would especially like to note that all heat losses on the main networks are scattered over houses that do not have any heat meters.

In these two situations, we see that centralized system heating is not universal, and the payment for utility services, in most cases, is completely unjustified and unfair, and also does not correspond to reality. It is especially disappointing when it is not necessary to heat the entire area of ​​​​the room, but these square meters, which do not need to be heated, are still included in the total from which the amount for the provided heating services is calculated.

Now let's look at the apartment heating bill itself. The calculation, in most cases, is carried out according to the calculation norms, but in recent times, you can meet the situation when the calculation is carried out on the basis of the readings of the heat meter installed for the whole house. It is also possible to install heat meters on a part of the house and even connect the meter to the heating riser of one front door. In some situations (but we will consider this situation below), it is possible to install heating meters even for one apartment, which becomes especially beneficial. It is also possible to calculate heating according to gas meter if the house is served by a boiler room, but all these situations cannot take into account the consumption upon the fact of each individual apartment, and also do not take into account such additional points as:

• By how much, due to any redevelopment, the heated area of ​​​​the apartment was increased or decreased.
• Was the underfloor heating system used from common system heating or installed additional radiators not included in the project.

All the points that were listed above emphasize the fact that in most situations payment for heat does not correspond to real consumption.

If you are a person who is interested in the issue of calculating utility bills for heat and want to pay only the amount of heat that you consumed and also create in the apartment comfortable conditions for accommodation, you will be helped apartment heat meters. These heat meters will help you to optimally use, consume and control the heat in your apartment. However, I would like to note that it is rational to use the heat meter for those users who have completed preliminary training to saving heat in your apartment:

• Insulation of the outer facade of the apartment.
• Installation of energy-saving windows and, if necessary, insulation of entrance doors.
• It is also necessary to install temperature controllers on apartment radiators.

If you are interested and want to understand the nuances associated with the installation of an apartment heat meter, then further material just for you.

Types of heating distribution in apartment buildings.

In apartment buildings, at the moment, the following wiring diagrams for heating systems are most widely used. The first left figure shows a single-pipe heating wiring diagram with vertical placement. In this situation, the heat energy meter is installed on the entire riser and it is additionally necessary to install temperature sensors on all heating radiators, which can only be provided by a small amount of models of heat meters for heating. The second option for common house vertical wiring is two-pipe system on the right picture. With this scheme, a heat meter is installed on each battery and when calculating the consumption, all values ​​​​are summed up. The decision to install general house heat meters or individual ones for one riser is made by the residents of the house or front door.

Single-pipe and two-pipe heating wiring diagram for vertical placement.

The most cost-effective for installing a heat meter is a single-pipe scheme with horizontal heating distribution in each apartment. We have only one entrance to all heating radiators in the apartment, where only one heat meter should be installed.

Types of apartment heat meters.

A heat meter is installed in an apartment either mechanical (tachometric) or ultrasonic, depending on the type of water meter that is used in its structure.

The simplest device, both in design and low cost, is a tachometric (mechanical) counter, for example pollucom E, which is shown in the picture to the left. As you can see, this counter with a temperature sensor (pair). With right side located ultrasonic meter Ultraheat-2WR6, which is more an expensive option, but more reliable, since it does not contain a mechanical part. This counter powered by a lithium battery with a lifespan of at least 6 years. I, for myself, would choose the second option - an apartment ultrasonic heat meter.

Installation of a heat meter in an apartment or house.

In order to install heat meters in your apartment or house, you must perform preparatory measures:

• first of all, it is necessary to obtain technical specifications (technical specifications) for the installation of a heat meter from a heat supply organization or from a building balance holder.
• apply to an organization that has a license to develop a project according to a previously received technical condition.
• contact the organization that will perform the installation / installation of the heat meter in accordance with the project.
• sign with heat supply organization contract for the calculation of consumed energy based on the readings of installed heat meters. The ZHEK or OSBB can act as this organization.

As mentioned earlier, the lowest cost of installing appliances will be if the installation is carried out in an apartment. Only one meter will be installed with horizontal inlet heating. But most houses have vertical wiring and even several risers, which requires installation on each radiator. But even in this situation, there is an option that allows you to reduce the cost of organizing a heat metering system. Organization this method connection is to install additional special cost allocators for thermal energy. The meter installed at the entrance of the whole house is additionally supplied with these distributors for each heating radiator using a wired connection or even using a wireless connection (radio transmitters). Thus, it is possible to implement a system for monitoring the distribution of heat in all apartments in the house. The work of this distributor is that it measures the temperature of the room and the heating radiator, transmitting information to calculate the consumption for each apartment separately. You can use this solution only in the situation when the equipment is installed in all apartments of the house, otherwise only the option with individual counters heat.