Standard and permissible deviation of the temperature of hot water in the apartment. Permissible duration of utility outage

Our today's topic- hot water system apartment building: diagrams, basic elements and typical problems that a homeowner may face. So let's get started.

DHW and heat supply scheme

Hot water supply scheme in apartment building can be implemented in two fundamentally different ways:

1. It uses water from the cold water supply and heats it with heat from offline source. It can be a boiler installed in the apartment, geyser or a heat exchanger using a heat carrier from a local boiler house or CHP for heating;

Please note: the advantage of such a scheme is more high quality water. It must comply with the requirements of GOST R 51232-98 (" Drinking water"). In addition, the parameters of hot water supply (temperature and pressure) rarely deviate from the nominal values; in particular, the DHW pressure is always cold water pressure taking into account the pressure loss during water intake.

1. It supplies the consumer with water directly from the heating main. This is exactly what is implemented in the vast majority of residential and administrative buildings Soviet-built, constituting 90% of the housing stock in the vastness of our great and immense. In what follows, we will focus our attention on it.

Dear reader can find additional information in the video in this article.

Elements

So, what elements does the water supply scheme of an apartment building include?

Water meter assembly

He is in charge of feeding the house cold water.

The water meter performs several functions:

• Provides accounting for water consumption (as its name unambiguously reminds);
• Allows you to turn off cold water for the whole house to repair shut-off valves or eliminate spill leaks;
• Provides coarse filtration of water at the entrance to the house. To do this, the water meter is equipped with a sump.

The composition of the water meter includes:

1. Entrance and house shut-off valves(gate valves or Ball Valves located on the side of the input of cold water supply and the intra-house water supply system);
2. Water meter (usually mechanical);
3. Gryazevik (tank with drain tap, in which, due to the slow movement of water through its volume, sand, large particles of rust and other debris settle). Often, instead of a sump, the water meter unit is equipped with a filter coarse cleaning, in which a stainless mesh is responsible for cleaning water from debris;
4. Pressure gauge or control valve for its installation;
5. Optionally, the water meter can be equipped with a bypass line with its own valve or a ball valve on it. The bypass opens when the water meter is dismantled for the period of repair or verification. At other times, it is closed and sealed by a representative of the organization - the water supplier.

It is curious: "Vodoset", or the organization replacing it, is responsible for the state of input of cold water up to the first flange of the inlet valve. The water meter is the responsibility of the organization serving the house.

Elevator node

The elevator unit, or heating point, also combines a number of functions:

• Responsible for the operation and regulation of the heating system;
• Provides a home hot water. Water (it is also the heat carrier of the heating system) is supplied to the domestic hot water system directly from the heating main;
• Allows, if necessary, to switch the hot water supply between the supply and return threads of the heating main. The changeover is necessary because in winter the flow temperature can reach an impressive 150°C, and the allowable maximum temperature hot water- only 75°С.

A short lecture on physics: water is heated above the boiling point without evaporating, thanks to overpressure in the heat pipe. The higher the pressure, the higher the boiling point of liquids.

A heart elevator node- water-jet elevator, through the nozzle of which hot and having more high pressure supply water is injected into the mixing chamber filled with return water. Thanks to the operation of the elevator, a large volume of water with a relatively low temperature passes through the heating system of the house; at the same time, the consumption of water from the supply is relatively small.

DHW tie-ins are located between the inlet valves and the elevator. There can be two of these tie-ins (one for supply and return) and four (two for each thread). The first scheme is typical for houses built in the 70s of the last century and older buildings, the second - for more or less modern buildings.

Why are additional inserts needed?

To answer this question, we need to jump ahead and study the water supply schemes in apartment buildings.

On cold water, a dead-end scheme is always used: the water meter goes into a single bottling, that one into risers that end with intra-apartment connections. Water moves in such a water supply circuit only during drawdown.

What's going on in the GVS?

In houses with two DHW tie-ins to the elevator unit, the same scheme is used.

However, it has two rather annoying drawbacks:

1. If there was no water intake for your riser for a long time, the water has to be drained for a long time before it heats up;

Note: if you have mechanical meters on your pipes, they will register the flow of water, ignoring its temperature. As a result, you will overpay a hundred or two rubles a month for a service that you actually did not use.

1. Towel dryers installed on the hot water pipes, which are also responsible for heating the bathroom, will only heat up when hot water is drawn in your apartment. And correspondingly, most time will remain cold. Hence - the cold and dampness in the bathrooms, often becoming the cause of the appearance of the fungus.

Elevator unit with four DHW tie-ins provides continuous circulation of hot water through two bottlings and risers connected by jumpers.

DHW operation is possible according to one of three schemes:

1. From the supply to the return pipeline. This hot water supply high-rise building used only in summer when the heating is off: a bypass between the heating mains would reduce the pressure drop across the elevator;
2. From feed to feed. This scheme is for autumn and spring with their relatively low supply temperature;
3. From back to back. So DHW is turned on for the period of cold weather, when the supply temperature exceeds the threshold 75 degrees.

Readers who have not forgotten the basics of physics will have a reasonable question: how is the pressure difference necessary for continuous circulation between two tie-ins in one thread provided?

Remember: water is constantly moving through the pipes between the inlet valves and the elevator. To create a pressure difference, it is only necessary to restrict the flow by an obstacle installed between the tie-ins. This role is performed by a retaining washer - a metal pancake with a hole in it.

Captain Evidence suggests: a significant restriction of the patency of any pipeline would interfere with the operation of the elevator unit, so the diameter of the retaining washers is a millimeter larger than the diameter of the elevator nozzle. That, in turn, is calculated by the organization (heat supplier) in such a way that the return temperature at the outlet of heating point matched the temperature chart.

Bottling

Water supply spills are called horizontal pipes, passing through the basement or subfloor of the house, and connecting the risers with the elevator and water metering units. Filling cold water is always the same, bottling hot water in circulation system hot water two.

The filling diameter, depending on its material and the number of water consumers, varies from 32 to 100 millimeters. The latter value is clearly redundant; however, the water supply project for an apartment building had to take into account not only Current state pipelines, but also their inevitable overgrowing with deposits and rust. After 20-25 years of operation, the clearance of the pipe in cold water decreases by 2-3 times.

Risers

Each stand is responsible for vertical wiring water in apartments located one above the other.

The most typical scheme is one group of risers (cold water and hot water, optionally heated towel rails) per apartment; however, other options are also possible:

• Two groups of risers can pass through the apartment, supplying water to a bathroom and kitchen spaced over a long distance;
• Risers in one apartment can supply water not only to its residents, but also to neighbors behind the wall;
• On the DHW circulation jumpers can be combined up to 7 risers from several apartments.

The typical diameter of cold water and hot water risers is 25-40 mm. The diameter of risers for heated towel rails and idle (without plumbing fixtures) circulation risers is usually smaller: they are mounted with a DN20 pipe.

In the circulation scheme of hot water supply, the jumpers between the risers can be located in the apartment on the top floor or taken out to the attic. Jumpers are equipped with air vents (Maevsky taps or ordinary taps), which allow bleed air that prevents circulation.

Eyeliners

Their function is to distribute water to plumbing fixtures inside the apartment. What is useful to know about water supply lines?

• Their typical size (for steel water and gas pipes) - DN15 (which approximately corresponds to an inner diameter of 15 mm). When replacing eyeliners with your own hands, it is advisable not to reduce their inner diameter - this will lead to a drop in pressure on all plumbing fixtures when parsing water on one of them;

• Since Soviet times, simple and cheap serial (tee) wiring has traditionally been used in apartments. More material-intensive collector requires, among other things, concealed installation eyeliner, which greatly complicates their further maintenance;

• With time throughput steel eyeliners drops noticeably, due to the notorious overgrowing with deposits. In such cases, the pipes are cleaned with a thin steel string or, quite simply, they are changed to new ones.

If you decide to replace eyeliners, we strongly advise you to opt for metal pipes. The instruction is associated with a rather high probability of water hammer and deviations from the standard temperature in DHW system: for example, if a forgetful locksmith does not switch the water supply from supply to return at the first frost, the water temperature can significantly exceed the maximum 90-95 degrees for any polymer pipes.

Which pipes can be used for water supply:

Faults

What violations in the operation of the water supply system can the owner of the apartment eliminate on his own? Here are some of the most typical situations.

Leaking valves

Description: leak on the stem of screw valves.

• Reason: partial wear of the oil seal or wear of the rubber sealing ring.
• Solution: open the valve knob as far as it will go. In this case, the thread on the rod will press the stuffing box from below, and the flow will stop.

Noise of cranes

Description: when opening a hot or (more rarely) cold water tap, a loud noise is heard and the mixer is vibrating. Alternatively, your neighbor's faucet may be the source of the noise.

Cause: a deformed and crushed gasket on a screw valve box in a half-open position causes a continuous series of water hammers. Its valve closes the seat in the mixer body with a frequency of fractions of a second. On hot water, the pressure, as a rule, is noticeably greater, so the effect is more pronounced on it.

Decision:

1. Turn off the water to the apartment;
2. Unscrew the problematic crankbox;
3. Replace the gasket with a new one;
4. Remove the chamfer from the new gasket with scissors. The chamfered face will prevent the valve from beating in the turbulent water jet in the future.

By the way: ceramic crankboxes are fully compatible with screw threads, and are devoid of the described problem.

Cold towel warmer

• Description: The heated towel rail in your bathroom is cold and does not heat up.
• Cause: if the water supply scheme of a residential apartment building uses continuous circulation of hot water, the air remaining in the jumper between the risers after the water is discharged is to blame (for example, for revision and repair of valves).
• Decision: go up to the top floor and ask your neighbors to bleed air from the jumper between the hot water risers and heated towel rails.

If for some reason this is not possible, the problem can be solved from the basement:

1. Shut off the DHW riser passing through your apartment, to which your connections are connected;
2. Climb into the apartment and open the hot water taps to failure;
3. After all the air comes out of the riser through them, close the taps and open the tap on the riser.

Nuance: immediately after graduation heating season between the threads of the heating main there may be no pressure difference. In this case, the heated towel rails will be cold even if there are no air pockets in the risers.

Conclusion

We hope that our material has helped you to study the water supply of an apartment building: the water supply scheme described by us is the most common. Good luck!

SanPiN regulations strictly establish what the temperature of hot water in an apartment should be - the standard for 2019 has remained unchanged compared to the previous year. This means that all Russian citizens have the right to use hot water of a certain temperature (for which, by the way, they pay) and complain when they encounter violations of SanPiN requirements. And the point is not at all that along with water, a citizen is deprived of basic amenities - if the water flowing from the tap is too cold or too hot, the health of the person who uses it is at risk.

What standards have been set?

What temperature should hot water be? It directly depends on the type of water supply system:

If the system is open minimum 60 degrees Celsius.

In a closed system minimum 50 degrees Celsius.

According to the regulations of 2019, the temperature of hot water in the apartment should not exceed 75 degrees. This limit does not depend on the type of water supply system.

The temperature regime is extremely important to observe for a number of reasons.

If the temperature is too low, the fluid becomes contaminated with pathogens and bacteria. At the set minimum temperature threshold, harmful bacteria are doomed to death.

Too hot water can cause skin damage (burns). Strictly speaking, even at 55 degrees there is a risk of burns - therefore, citizens connected to open water supply systems are advised to “mix” cold water with hot water.

Exceeding the temperature threshold leads to damage plastic elements plumbing - and in fact in most modern apartments plumbing is mostly plastic. Who should pay for repairs in this case is a big question. All the time while the citizen will look for the guilty and prove the right to compensation, he will have to sit unwashed.

A drop in temperature to 59 degrees or an increase to 76 in open system water supply is already considered a violation of the Rules for the provision utilities(there are some). However, these Rules still allow minor deviations from the temperature limits.

It is allowed to lower the temperature during the day (from 5 am to midnight) by 3 ° Celsius - that is, up to 57 °.

At night (from midnight to 5 am), it is permissible to lower the minimum threshold by 5 ° - that is, up to 55 °.

The supply of hot water can be completely suspended in 2 cases: if on pumping station or the supply line has an accident, or if scheduled maintenance work is being carried out. In the case of prevention, citizens are not entitled to deprive water supply for more than 4 hours.

How to measure temperature?

Of course, it is useless to go to the management company with unfounded accusations that “a little lukewarm is coming out of the tap” - give her evidence. Therefore, a citizen who considers himself injured due to violations of SanPiNA regulations and wants to uphold justice, must first of all learn how to measure the temperature of hot water in an apartment. This procedure is simple, short-term and does not require ingenious improvised means.

A thermometer with a scale of 100 degrees is what measures the temperature of hot water in a tap. For measurement, a citizen needs to prepare this household appliance, then strictly adhere to the algorithm of actions, which, according to management companies, invariably leads to accurate results.

Open the faucet and let the water drain for about 3 minutes. So get rid of stagnant water, the temperature of which is traditionally lower.

Place a glass under the stream and hold it so that the liquid overflows over the edges. You can’t just take a glass from the tap - by the time you bring it to the table where you put the thermometer, the water will cool down, and the reliability of the measurement will be doubtful

Lower the thermometer into the container closer to the center.

Wait until the degrees on the device stop growing and record the result.

If the thermometer showed a temperature below the minimum level established by SanPiN, this means that management company it's time to set the shaped thrashing.

Where to apply?

What to do if the hot water is low temperature? A citizen needs to complain about this to the Housing and Communal Services (HCS).

Not enough heat is just one of the grounds for complaint. Housing and communal services should also be worried if the water has an uncharacteristic color (smell, taste) or is completely absent.

There is no need to personally visit the Farm - you can call. The dispatcher will first of all check whether the decrease in the temperature of hot water in the tap is caused by a breakdown on the main line or preventive maintenance. If repairs at the station are to blame, the dispatcher will inform the citizen of the approximate time when normal water supply will be restored. If good reasons there is no violation of the SanPiN requirements, the dispatcher will record the citizen’s appeal and promise that the reaction will not have to wait long.

In order to be sure that his appeal will not be ignored, the citizen needs to write down the application number, the time of the call to the housing and communal services and the name of the employee with whom he communicated. An employee who is faced with such meticulousness will make sure that the application accepted by him is considered - because he will feel responsible for fulfilling these promises.

A citizen needs to wait for the visit of an expert - according to Government Decree No. 354, an expert should appear on the doorstep no more than 2 hours after the citizen has filed a complaint. The expert will measure the temperature of the water from the tap on his own (of course, no one will believe the citizen himself). Then the housing and communal services employee will draw up an act in which he will describe whether the violation really took place, how and when the measurement was carried out. The consumer of utilities will receive one of the copies of the act in his hands - the expert will take the second copy with him.

Having with him an act indicating a violation of the norms for the temperature of hot water in an apartment building, a citizen has the right to demand from the management company a recalculation of the payment for hot water supply.

For hot water, the temperature of which drops below 40° Celsius, the consumer of services pays as for cold water.

Decree No. 354 states that the period during which a citizen has the right to recalculate ends when people from the management company come to the citizen’s home and perform a final check that confirms that the temperature of the hot water is high enough. In case of refusal to recalculate, a citizen should file a complaint against the actions of the management company with Rospotrebnadzor or the world court.

Hot water and heating should be in every tenement water. But it is not always enough just their presence, it is necessary that services are provided on high level. If the services are of high quality, then this will become the key to a normal life, security.

There are sanitary standards, hot water must be provided in accordance with them. It is worth seriously thinking about whether the water temperature in your apartment complies with SanPiN standards.

Unfortunately, for many consumers, the water temperature is not always appropriate. This leads to a number of inconveniences, as well as may pose health risks to occupants. That is why it is worth taking such problems seriously.

ATTENTION! Negative consequences may affect your life. If you do not pay attention to the problem, then the perpetrators will not bear any responsibility.

Standard for water supply to apartments

The water temperature in houses must comply with GOST, this is not considered a luxury, it is the norm. Hot water is an important part of every person's life.

But it often happens that the utility service does not fulfill its obligations, does not provide the necessary heating of water in the system. You need to understand that all utility services are paid by tenants in full.

That is why you have full rights to make relevant demands. Many residents wonder why such violations are observed.

ATTENTION! It is important to understand that the lack of water heating is a lot of domestic inconvenience. You pay money for emptiness, because hot water is listed on the tickets.

Every resident of a high-rise building knows that hot water costs several times more than cold water. That is why many do not want to overpay for low-quality services.

At the same time, counters are almost everywhere today. This is convenient - people use as much hot water as they need, dilute it if necessary cold water. If you use less hot water, then you won’t have to pay much. But if initially from the tap it comes not hot, but warm water, this is a major inconvenience..

But in this case, residents still pay for water as for hot water. Therefore, it is worth knowing the temperature, what should be hot water. In such a situation, you don’t want to overpay for anything, but unreasonable fees are not the biggest problem.

It is worth mentioning the more serious risks that consumers have to face. Water supplied inappropriately can cause health problems.

Especially in this apartment. immunocompromised people may be affected. Both in our country and in others, legislative documents have been developed that determine the temperature of the water in the apartment. If you focus on these requirements for water in apartments, then the quality of water supply will be at its best.

What documents dictate the rules?

It is worth listing the documents that set out the standards for supplying water to apartments that are relevant for our country. In Russia it is:

• Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. In particular, this is SanPiN 4723-88.
• Rules for the provision of public services to owners and users of residential premises in multi-apartment and residential buildings. They are approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of 05/06/2011.

It is according to this documentation that it is determined what the water temperature should be for houses.

IMPORTANT! The regulatory framework in residential buildings indicates that the outlet temperature should be between 60 and 75 degrees. It is this temperature that should be noted in hot water pipes, but the standards are far from always observed.

But a small clarification is made, which is a kind of exception to the rule. If the house is used closed system heat supply, wiring is made of galvanized pipes, minimum temperature should be 50-60 degrees ONLY during repairs and troubleshooting

The upper limit is 60 degrees. It is these conditions that are prescribed in the contracts for the maintenance of the house and the tenants living in it.

So the temperature standard in a residential building should be reached a maximum of 2 minutes after the water was turned on. If the temperature has not reached the required values, then this is already a violation. established rules. The norm in an apartment building must be respected in any case.

At the same time, hot water supply of an apartment building is provided on the same conditions, both in summer and in summer. winter time. Some deviations are discussed, which may be observed due to the peculiarities of the time of day. But they are minor.

In the daytime, a deviation from the specified value by 3 degrees is allowed. It should be borne in mind that the deviation can be observed both up and down. At night, from 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, the deviation can be up to 5 degrees.

What to do if the temperature does not match?

It is important for consumers to know exactly where to turn and what to do if the temperature norm has serious deviations.

To get started, you just need to call the control room of the management company or housing and communal services and report that the water has an inappropriate temperature. After all, this could happen due to a network failure.

In this case, the dispatcher will inform you about the time frame for the problems to be fixed. But if there are no accidents, then the employee must accept the application.

ATTENTION! When contacting the relevant services, note the application number for yourself, and also write down the name of the employee who came to you. This is necessary so that there is no misunderstanding later on.

If the reasons for the non-compliance with the standards are not known, then CC must measure. This is necessary in order to really find out whether the temperature regime has been violated or not.

The organization must send you an employee who will take the testimony and draw up the necessary act. According to this act, in case of setting too low a temperature, you can get a recalculation.

It is important to understand that the organization must competently fulfill its obligations. Otherwise, she may receive a fine, since her activities are controlled by other services.

We measure water

If you just say that the temperature of the hot water supply is not up to standard, then this will not bear any fruit. You need to call the employees of the company that provides your home to the apartment.

There are situations when problems with the boiler room are noted, or there are some problems at the entrance to the house.

Too much low temperature must be confirmed by an employee of the organization. To do this, he will make measurements using modern equipment. For authenticity measurements should be taken in several places of water collection.

When using plumbing, you need to wait a couple of minutes until the ode reaches the nominal values. Up to this point, measurements are not recommended.

In order for a specialist to come to you, you need to leave an application with the Criminal Code or Housing and Public Utilities. After verification is done, make sure that the employee draws up an act. It is this paper that will become the basis for troubleshooting and recalculation.

It is worth understanding exactly how the measurement is made:

• First, a special glass is placed under the stream of water.
• A thermometer is placed in the collected liquid to the required mark.
• You need to wait until the thermometer readings become accurate.
• Readings are recorded.
• Signatures are being put.
• One copy remains with the owner of the dwelling for further action.

Performing a Recalculation

If a violation of the norms was established, and it was recorded in the act, then you need to insist on recalculation. You should not leave such a situation unattended and overpay money for what you did not receive.

The organization must be held accountable for its actions and omissions. Permissible are only the minimum deviations that are prescribed in the regulatory documentation.

When establishing violations, you can come to the Criminal Code and demand recalculation. Also, the organization must eliminate the causes that caused such a problem.

By the way, the recalculation is made precisely for the period that you had to use inappropriate water. There is a special formula by which the recalculation is performed.

ATTENTION! The amount of payment for hot water supply should be reduced by 0.1 percent for every 3 degrees of deviation from the established norm.

If you are interested in hot water, how many degrees, then you should be guided by accepted standards when measuring. This is the optimal solution.

In case of a serious discrepancy, you should not overpay for hot water. Achieve recalculation for the entire period, in which the public utilities provided you with services at an inappropriate level.

Useful video

The scheme of distribution of hot water in an apartment building.