Overview of heating systems for residential and administrative buildings: examples of calculation, regulatory documents. Design of heat supply systems
You have decided to design industrial production? Or a residential building? Is there a need for approval of project documentation? Or Rostekhnadzor does not give in? There is a solution - the design of heat supply with the company "NTC Energooservice".
Why is heat supply design important?
Very often there are problems during the implementation of the project industrial enterprises and residential buildings. The design of heat supply systems in this case is something that sooner or later has to be faced. The first thing you need to pay attention to is the complexity of the work. Few companies can afford it, as they require specialists of different profiles and specialties. The company "NTC Energoservice" carries out precisely the integrated design of heat supply from the source (boiler house) to the consumed object, together with the heating point and networks.
In addition, often the customer himself has to coordinate the finished project:
- Rostechnadzor;
- Non-departmental expertise;
- Examination of industrial safety and other labor-intensive activities.
The problem can be solved by the design of heat supply systems with the company "NTC Energoservice". You do not need to spend your time and effort on costly coordination activities.
Some technical information
The design of heat supply is usually divided into:
- design of heat supply systems for centralized and autonomous heat sources;
- steam and hot water boilers;
- design of heat supply for heating and industrial boiler houses with a capacity of up to 40 MW;
- roof, built-in and block-modular boiler rooms;
- design of heat supply systems for different types fuel ( gas fuel, liquefied gas- LPG, propane-butane, diesel fuel).
Heat supply design sections:
- general explanatory note;
- environmental protection;
- architectural and construction solutions;
- heating and ventilation;
- thermal mechanical solutions;
- grounding and lightning protection;
- internal sewerage and water networks and etc.
The design of heat supply is regulated by mandatory documentation:
- SP 41-101-95 "Design of heat points";
- SP 41.103-2000 "Design of thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines";
- SP 41-104-2000 "Design of autonomous sources of heat supply";
- SP 41.105-2002 "Design and construction of thermal networks of channelless laying from steel pipes with industrial thermal insulation made of polyurethane foam in a polyethylene sheath”;
- SP 31-110-2003 "Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings";
- SNiP 2.04.01-85* "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings";
- SNiP 3.05.03-85* "Heat networks";
- SNiP 23-01-99* "Construction climatology";
- SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning";
- SNiP 41-02-2003 "Heat networks";
- SNiP 41-03-2003 " Thermal insulation equipment and pipelines”;
- PB 10-573-03 "Rules for the device and safe operation steam pipelines and hot water”, approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, Resolution No. 90;
- RD 10-400-01 "Standards for calculating the strength of pipelines of heating networks", approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, Resolution No. 8;
- "Rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant". GU Gosenergonadzor of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 1995 Reg. MJ No. 954 dated 25.09.1996.
Heat supply design: You order - we do it!
Imagine what you would like to see in the list of services of a company that designs heating systems. Obviously, this is not only the design of boiler houses or heating networks of a narrow focus. The main thing here is diversity and versatility. The company "NTC Energoservice" can offer you a full range of design and survey work in the field of heat supply for every taste:
- design and coordination of heat networks, ITP, TsTP, heat energy metering units with authorized interested organizations ( government bodies, organs local government, city operational services, etc.);
- heat supply design and provision of engineering services in the field of heat supply, selection of the optimal heat supply scheme for urban facilities;
- design of heat supply systems and development and coordination of hydraulic calculations of heat supply in accordance with the requirements of operating organizations;
- heat supply design and production specifications and conditions for connection to the heating networks of JSC "Moscow Heat Network Company", JSC "Mosenergo", JSC "MOEK" - services of the General Designer for the development of integrated projects for the construction and reconstruction of CHPPs, TPPs using all types of fuel;
- design of heat supply systems and justification of efficiency various schemes thermal networks;
- designing heat supply and building electronic models of heat supply systems;
- designing heat supply systems and representing interests and obtaining permission from the interdepartmental commission for the constant provision of heat and electricity;
- design of heat supply and approval of project documentation.
You can in the company NTC Energoservice. You can find out more about the prices for the design of heat supply systems on our website. Hurry up and short time You will receive a solution to your problems - the design of heat supply systems in Moscow!
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After a country cottage has been built, it is still impossible to live in it, since everything must be laid engineering Communication and create an efficient and reliable heating structure. To ensure comfort, you need to have a professionally executed heating project for a private house. Only taking into account all the nuances and correctly made calculations will create a microclimate in the premises that contributes to a cozy atmosphere.
The project of the heating system of the household assumes the presence of a floor plan of the heat supply structure, which indicates all the required dimensions, tolerances and other parameters (read: ""). Design organizations are now drawing up three-dimensional drawings for arranging the heating of country cottages. How such design solutions look like can be seen in the photo.
When it comes to integrated approach, designing a heating system for a private house involves observing a number of fundamental points:
- reasonable location of the building relative to external communications, starting from electrical networks and ending with gas supply;
- the correct location of the cottage in accordance with the cardinal points, since it is necessary that as much as possible penetrate through the windows solar energy;
- application of modern window technology– heat should not leave the room through cracks in the frames. For this, it is desirable to install three-chamber plastic windows with ventilation valves;
- the use of the greenhouse effect will not interfere - with reliable even big windows in severe frosts sunny side buildings, if there is a heat source such as a fireplace, there will be no need for other heating devices, since the temperature in the rooms will not fall below plus 20-22 degrees;
- it is desirable to install a fireplace in the room, even an electric one, which is autonomous source thermal energy and creates comfort;
- in without fail need to be insulated not only external walls, but also internal fences - ceilings, floor coverings, partitions between rooms located on the same floor. Pay attention to insulation top floor;
- in the rooms you need to put soft comfortable furniture that perfectly saves heat.
Design of heating schemes
If all of the above measures aimed at saving heat are implemented, then the owner of suburban real estate will be able to turn on the main one at least two weeks later. heating system and turn it off a couple of weeks earlier.The project of the heating system of a private house provides for the creation of the main heat supply structure, which can be:
- air- it does not require laying pipelines and installing radiators. In this case, maintaining the temperature at a constant level is more difficult, and the efficiency is constantly changing depending on external conditions, but this one is cheaper compared to other options;
- electrical- it would be more popular, but many consumers have limited power grid capacity. The project of heating a private house based on the use of electricity is expensive to maintain and operate - the cost of electricity is not cheap;
- infrared- such projects meet modern requirements for heating systems, in addition, there is a tendency to reduce their cost, since they are based on advanced technologies that are constantly being improved (read also: "");
- pipeline- the most common system, since it is the cheapest source of heating at home. For its arrangement, it will be necessary to create a mini-boiler room, where a heating boiler, pumps, and some control sensors will be located.
The project of the pipeline heating system of a private house
There are several options for pipeline structures, but they certainly include the following elements:- heating device;
- pipeline;
- circulation pump;
- radiators;
- filters;
- expansion tank;
- control and regulation devices;
- connecting elements.
Heating boilers
At the heart of the heating structure is a heating unit, on which the source of energy received for heating depends.To date, manufacturers offer consumers the following types of boilers:
- gas appliances. They are the most popular due to the low cost of operation and the presence of gas pipelines in many settlements.
- Electrical units. Heating with their use is expensive.
- Solid fuel appliances. Popular in those regions where there are problems with gas supply and electricity. You need a constant supply of coal or firewood for several gas stations a day.
- Liquid fuel heating units. For their functioning, they use fuel oil, solarium, which are inexpensive. But in this case, there are problems: air pollution by mining products and the need to equip a storage facility for liquid fuel.
- Waste oil devices. Also a cheap source of energy, but now the market for such fuel is not established.
- Underfloor heating system. It helps to solve problems with heating, but its cost cannot be called cheap.
Before proceeding with the design, the following information will be required from the property owner:
- floor plan country house;
- choice of piping options - open or hidden, single or double-circuit. Perhaps in some rooms there is no need for heating, because, for example, a fireplace is used in the living room;
- already completed measures for the insulation of the building;
- the place where it is planned to install the boiler and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room for its placement.
Creating a reliable and efficient heating structure requires a serious approach, and such work is entrusted to heating specialists.
It is the internal and external layout of the construction of the house that determines the features of the future heating system in it. The fact is that the design of heat supply for a suburban wooden cottage or brick structure will have significant differences. The heat carrier is usually water heated to a certain temperature by a boiler running on electricity (natural gas, coal, liquid fuel, etc.). The coolant circulates through pipes laid inside the building.
- development of a preliminary sketch;
- economic justification And necessary calculations;
- development of a scheme for the installation of pipes and heating radiators;
- creation of a working project. This will avoid many mistakes that novice builders make during the installation process.
What should be paid special attention to
Each owner country cottage, while the project of the heating structure in his house is being developed and implemented, he must delve into every nuance. Such a meticulous approach is not always liked by the performers of the work. In order to avoid misunderstandings with them in the future, it is necessary to warn them in advance about their active participation in the implementation of the project.It has long been known that, subject to good interaction with the masters, there will be no complaints on their part in excessive attention to the work they perform. The project documentation should take into account the possibility of making adjustments during the installation and start-up of the system.
Design of heating systems
Home heating is the most difficult engineering system, from reliable operation which depends not only comfort and safety, but also the very possibility of living in a building in winter period. The most important stage in the implementation of this system is the design of heating a country house.
Prices for heating design
| Name of works | Explanations | Unit. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Project of a heating system with thermal calculation (for a house up to 100 m 2) |
The project includes:
|
set | 6000 rub. |
| Thermal engineering calculation | Calculation of heat losses of the building. | per 1 m 2 of building area | 20 rub. |
(for a house up to 300 m2) |
The project includes:
|
per 1 m 2 of building area | 60 rub. |
| Heating system design (for a house over 300 m2) |
The project includes:
|
per 1 m 2 of building area | 55 rub. |
| System design floor heating |
The project includes:
|
per 1 m 2 of building area | 45 rub. |
(for houses up to 300 m2) |
The project includes:
|
per 1 m 2 of building area | 120 rub. |
| Integrated project of engineering systems (for houses over 300 m2) |
The project includes:
|
per 1 m 2 of building area | 100 rub. |
Why should you trust the design of heating systems to specialists?
In theory, all property owners know that home heating should be considered at the cottage design stage, specifying the full cost of all estimated costs. Despite the well-known calculation formulas and the existence of already ready schemes, often already at this stage annoying blunders are made, the elimination of which is carried out in more late time which is fraught with significant costs.
Every private house has its own architectural and design features, therefore, the use of averaged calculations is possible only up to a certain limit, after which it is necessary to develop a heating project according to individual system. A lot has to be taken into account: orientation to the cardinal points, the presence of places of heat loss - doors and windows, the material of the walls and their insulation, and much more, although minor, but also playing an important role. That's why It is best to entrust the design of heating a cottage to specialists!
Accurate hydraulic calculation is the basis for heating design
The specialist knows the importance of hydraulic calculations, during which the coefficient of resistance to the flow of coolant in the system is established, which determines the speed and optimality of its distribution through pipes and radiators. Pipe diameter, number of radiators, power are taken into account circulation pump. Only these data will be the basis for the correct calculation of the cost of heating design for a country cottage.
Such calculations are carried out by several specialists with appropriate qualifications and experience. Therefore, it is better to contact a specialized company that provides guarantees for the quality of such a service and favorable prices for the design of heating systems. Such a company is able not only to draw up a project, but also to supply the appropriate equipment, as well as perform its installation.
Rules for the selection of equipment for heating
During the development of the project, equipment is selected with optimal performance and cost. It is important to choose not only a high-quality and energy-efficient boiler, depending on the type of fuel, the heated area and the personal wishes of the cottage owner. It is necessary to correctly select the “piping” for it, on which the functionality of the heat generator declared by the manufacturer largely depends. And this already depends on the place where the installation of the boiler or the arrangement of a separate boiler room is determined. This room must also be prepared in accordance with existing norms and standards.
We do not recommend designing, installing and launching these various groups of equipment separately, and even worse - by different performers. Every technician has their own vision general scheme and its balance. In the event of a malfunction, one performer will nod at the mistakes of the second, and in the end you will be left with a faulty system and the need to find a third.
The design of heating systems for a country house also includes the solution of issues related to its organization. The scheme has two main links - radiators and pipes connecting them. Specialists determine how pipes will be laid, as well as placement points heating batteries. It is extremely important to correctly link all these elements in order to achieve their impeccable functioning.
This work takes into account the type of building materials from which the house is composed, as well as the parameters of the insulation performed, the functional purpose of the premises and their orientation to the cardinal points, the presence and size of heat loss points - windows and doors. All this can be determined directly on the site, after which the specialists bring the results together to get an obvious “picture” future scheme. Often at this stage there is a need for additional insulation at home, which will subsequently give quite significant energy savings and increase the comfort of living.
The selection of pipes and radiators is also best done by specialists who are well aware of technical specifications materials from which these elements are made, as well as in the forms and constructive solutions. The main task for the owner is to save money, in this case it is also taken into account, but there are other ways to save: spend a little more today in order to recoup all costs later and many times over. Therefore, you should always listen to the advice of professionals in their field. And we advise you to take into account not only the practical side of the issue, but also the aesthetic one, because in the future you will have to spend money on expensive room design to hide cheap and unsightly radiators and pipes.
It is now becoming clear that the heating design phase of a building gives the right idea for the choice of equipment, as well as the costs involved. Having received all the necessary results, the property owner is already on initial stage has the ability to make adjustments, “compact” costs and optimize the entire process. And also eliminate the risk of making mistakes, because of which you will then have to redo everything anew.
! Note to the customer
In this case, combined heating refers to the integration of the heating system with the supply and exhaust ventilation. In the example below, the house is heated with air through underfloor heating convectors. Thus, this project contains elements of an air heating system.
The illustration shows the "skeleton" of the system air heating
In this section, we want to show the main documents that are included in the project being developed by our company combined heating(hereinafter referred to as the heating project). As an example, was used heating project for a private two-story residential building with an area of 300 sq. meters.
This heating project includes general data, as well as a set of drawings, including:
- thermal scheme of the boiler room;
- floor plans of the heating system;
- scheme of the heating system;
- floor plans of the underfloor heating system.
Heating and heat supply
The general data of the heating project indicate the calculated temperatures of the outdoor and indoor air, as well as the parameters of the coolant for radiator heating systems and underfloor heating systems.
In this heating project, following parameters temperatures:
- estimated outdoor air temperature for the heating system t=−28 degrees;
- calculated internal air temperatures are taken:
- for residential premises - + 22 degrees;
- for bathrooms and bathrooms - + 24 degrees.
The heating system has the following coolant parameters:
- for a radiator heating system - +80/+60 degrees;
- for underfloor heating system - +35/+30 degrees.
Boiler room and heating point
The heating project discloses the main characteristics and features of the creation of a boiler house and a heating point.
In this heating project for a private residential building, an individual boiler room was designed with the following characteristics:
The heating project provides for a boiler house based on a cast-iron boiler Buderus Logano G334WS with a capacity of 73 kW. The removal of combustion products is carried out through the built-in insulated chimney from RAAB (Germany).
The distribution of the coolant is carried out using a main comb made of VGP pipes DN 50 mm.
Grundfos pumping equipment, shut-off and instrumentation are located in the boiler room.
As a control device for the boiler house, the heating project provides for the use of a complete Buderus automation system type Logomatic 4211 for weather-dependent climate control.
The heating boiler flow temperature is regulated and limited by the Logomatic 4211 automation.
Hot water preparation is provided by a 300 liter boiler manufactured by Buderus. Regulation and maintenance of the temperature of hot water is done by controlling the boiler loading pump with a separate unit common system management.
Thermal diagram of the boiler room
The heating package includes thermal scheme boiler room. Below we give an example of a boiler room diagram, made according to a heating project for a private two-story residential building.
Thermal scheme of the boiler room (illustration can be enlarged)
Radiator heating
The heating project reveals the main characteristics and features of creating a radiator heating system. In particular, the project indicates the type of wiring of the heating system, the type of heating devices and the method of their connection to the heating mains, the installation location of underfloor heating ducts, temperature control devices for rooms, and much more.
In that standard project heating system radiator heating has the following characteristics and features:
A two-pipe collector-beam radiator heating system is provided in a private residential building. As heating devices for the heating project, in accordance with the terms of reference, steel panel radiators Kermi FKV in valve design were adopted. The connection to the radiators is made hidden at the back. At the installation sites balcony doors And stained glass windows the heating project provides for the installation of heating ducts built into the floor.
For individual temperature control in individual rooms, thermostatic valves of the AZ series from Oventrop are installed on each supply outlet of the floor heating collectors. For possible shutdown and draining of each heater their connection is designed through locking and connecting units of the Multiflex type from Oventrop.
To remove air from top points heating systems are provided with automatic air vents on the collectors and Mayevsky air valves on each radiator.
All pipelines of the radiator heating system are thermally insulated with Termaflex FR3 insulation 9 mm thick.
In addition to the above general data, the heating project includes detailed drawings of the radiator heating system on the plans of each floor. In our case, we provide drawings of the heating system on the plans of the first and second floors.
The project of the heating system on the plan of the first floor of the house (the illustration can be enlarged)
The project of the heating system on the plan of the second floor of the house (the illustration can be enlarged)
In addition to floor plans, the project contains a diagram of the heating system, which most clearly represents the entire heating system as a whole.
Warm floor
In accordance with the terms of reference, the heating project provides for the installation of water-heated floors in separate rooms of a residential building. The design temperature of the floor surface is taken at +27 degrees. The method of laying and fixing heating circuits is adopted for self-leveling concrete floors.
At the intersections expansion joints laying of heating pipes in protective plastic corrugated sleeves is provided.
Modern technologies make it possible to design the heating of a private house, taking into account the requirements and personal preferences of the owners of the home. The responsible process, on which the microclimate and comfort in the rooms directly depend, must be approached with special attention by examining all possible options and opting for the best one.
What is the heating system?
The main element of the heating structure is the boiler. The selection of the central unit is based on the required power. To elucidate it, it is necessary to divide total area houses for specific power.
In this way, we find out the minimum power of a heating boiler that can provide heat to all residential premises. 25% is usually added to the resulting number, thereby placing on the unit optimal load and leaving a power reserve in case of unforeseen frosts.
Modern heating boilers supplied electronic system management and other necessary elements. In addition to the heating boiler, the heating project includes a piping and radiator layout.
Such elements are widely represented in construction market and can be made from various materials, differing in their properties, quality and, accordingly, price.
Boiler selection
The type of boiler depends on the type of energy carrier on which it operates. The main heating element of the house should be selected taking into account accessible view fuel.
Gas
Due to their cost-effectiveness, the most popular are gas units. An obstacle to their use may be the lack of gas pipelines in close proximity to land plot. It should be noted that the equipment of this type needs constant maintenance and control by special services.
solid fuel
If the area is not gasified, the design of heating systems can be carried out taking into account the use of a solid fuel boiler. This will allow not to depend on the centralized supply of energy carriers, but will require additional sources of income solid fuel and a dry place to store it.
Liquid fuel
To install a heating system for a private house, you can purchase a boiler that runs on liquid energy. However, diesel is an expensive type of fuel, so the cost of its use will increase significantly. It will also require underground installation of a special tank in which it will be stored. It should be remembered about the high degree of fire hazard of a diesel engine.
Electricity
It is desirable to use an electric boiler in a joint system with electric radiators. Such a project involves the conversion of electricity into heat without water resource- directly.
By analogy with liquid fuel, such an energy carrier will cost a lot. If funds allow, in such a situation it is better to opt for autonomous heating, allowing to receive electricity from solar and wind converters or mini-hydro stations.
Which system to choose?
The design of the heating of a private house is carried out taking into account the energy carrier, which will be used to heat the room. There are several of the most common systems, with the help of which in all interior spaces building receives heat: 
- water;
- air;
- electric;
- open fire.
By "open fire" is meant a hearth or stove. Both of these heat sources are ineffective in terms of full-fledged home heating, since they spread hot air unevenly. They are most often included in a heating project as decorative elements. Let's take a closer look at other systems.
Water
A heating project based on the most common water system is a planning closed loop through which hot water circulates continuously. In this case, the function of the heater is performed by the boiler, from which pipes are bred through the rooms and are adjacent to the radiators, which give off the main amount of heat.
Having carried out the heat transfer, the water flows back into the boiler, where it heats up again and repeats the technological cycle. The heater for the water type of heating are boilers that run on any fuel. water system heating is divided into two types: natural and forced.
natural circulation
In the first case, the coolant circulates through pipes and radiators without additional force. This effect is achieved by a certain method of mounting the elements of the heating main.
Heating design for natural circulation water provides the necessary angle of inclination of the pipes, which makes it possible for the process to proceed under the influence of gravity.
Hot water is lighter than cold water, so it passes at the highest point of the riser. Having given up its heat to the radiators along the way, the cooled coolant is displaced by the hot one and descends to the lowest point of the system (into the boiler), where it heats up again.
forced circulation
The forced movement of water through the system is achieved by the operation of a circulation pump integrated into the heating boiler. Unlike natural circulation, forced circulation needs a source of electricity from which the pump is powered.
Wiring
Natural and forced water circulation system can be used for single-pipe, two-pipe and collector wiring. In the first case, the design of heating systems involves the installation of one pipe, which performs the function of supplying and discharging water at the same time.
With this scheme, the temperature of the radiator farthest from the boiler will be lower than the near one. In addition, if one battery fails, the rest will also cease to function, since they cannot be switched off individually.
Two-pipe wiring makes it possible to evenly heat the batteries due to the fact that the supply pipe is connected in parallel to each of them. The second pipe takes the cooled coolant back to the boiler. Provided that a tap is installed on each radiator, they can be turned off individually.
Collector wiring is the most convenient, since after its installation, you can adjust the temperature of the coolant in each private room. For this method space heating will require the installation of a manifold cabinet.
aerial
Such a system can be mounted only at the stage of construction of the building. It is not suitable for a finished private house. This is due to the need to install metal, plastic or textile air ducts through which hot air heated by a heat generator is blown out.
A warm stream enters the room from under the ceiling and displaces cold air, which, in turn, returns to the heat generator through the air ducts.
Designing heating according to the air heating method allows you to install a system for external intake of clean air, which is mixed with the flow. Circulation can be achieved in a gravitational or forced way.
Natural air exchange occurs due to the temperature difference, and forced air exchange is carried out using a special ventilation equipment. The heat generator can burn diesel fuel, natural gas(main or bottled) and kerosene. The products of combustion are removed through the chimney.
Electrical
Can be used to heat your home electrical devices: convectors, infrared long-wave heaters or underfloor heating systems. Also to achieve maximum effect, it is recommended to combine several electrical appliances.
With any of these methods, large payments for energy consumption cannot be avoided, therefore it is recommended to install them in cases where there are no alternative sources heat.
What is included in the project?
Professionally compiled project documentation should include the following items:
- letterhead of the enterprise with a seal;
- organization license;
- explanatory information to the points of the project;
- a detailed plan for the distribution of highways (including high-rise);
- estimate;
- work instructions;
- specification of materials and equipment;
- project sketch;
- drawing with detailing of all nodes of the heating main;
- plan for wiring communications and connecting nodes.