For warm slippers (boots) we need:
- Patterns, I took from the Internet;
- Rubber;
- Fleece, I took a leopard print;
- fleece for the inside of the boot, I took light green;
- Sintepon;
- Black fleece - for toe and heel;
- Leather, for the foot;
- Light green threads;
- Black threads.
Making felt boots is not easy, but a survivalist
you need to have the skills to do it.
This process consists of many steps:
wool must be cleaned, combed, “broken” into villi, rolled up, soaked in boiling water and saline, chipped on a triangular shape, and then knocked down on a block to the desired size, dried ..
* It is not surprising that before the mechanization of their manufacture, felt boots were an expensive pleasure. In peasant families, the whole family took turns walking in one pair. Felt boots are shoes designed primarily for dry frosty weather. If you want to wear felt boots in slush, you will have to purchase galoshes in addition to them.
In different parts of Russia, felt boots had different names: felt boots, felt boots, felt boots, felt boots, wire rod, scooters, boots, pimy.
Russian peasants had considerable experience in making felt boots at home, which they also passed on to us.
The production of felt boots is based on the peculiarity of wool being easily tangled. The ability of wool to fall off (to form felt) is enhanced if it is simultaneously, on the one hand, loosened by heating in warm water or influenced by some chemical substance (acids or alkalis), and on the other hand, to increase the influence of mechanical force, which causes wool fibers to intertwine between themselves.
THE HOME PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OF BOOT FETS consists of the following operations:
To make one pair of felt boots, you need to take 2.2-2.4 kg of heterogeneous coarse wool, preferably an autumn clip, and separate the flower manually. Then vegetable and mineral additives are removed from it, for this:
Wool is soaked in warm water (35 ... 40 °) with the addition of 1% of its volume of soda ash or synthetic powder for washing woolen products. Keep wool in liquid for at least 30 minutes
Hand-squeezed wool is washed three times in a soap-soda solution with a concentration of soap 0.3 and soda 0.2% of the volume of water, or 3 g of soap and 2 g of soda per 1 liter of water. The temperature of the washing solution should be 45-52 ° C. After washing three times, the wool is rinsed in clean water and dried.
Washed dry heterogeneous wool is manually cleaned of burdock, straw and other impurities.
Then the wool is combed with special combs - manual carders (see video 3)
A pattern is cut out of the resulting dense canvas, which should be 1.8-2 times larger than the finished felt boot. The knocked down wool is evenly placed on top of the pattern moistened with water. Where the sole of the felt boot will be, they put more wool (see video 1)
The edges of the pattern are folded inward and exactly the other side of the workpiece is laid on top of it, wrapped in the same fabric and they begin to roll on the table with effort, while spraying the workpiece with hot water.
The process of turning a cotton-like mass into felt under the influence of hot water and the mechanical action of the hands occurs within 10 minutes
The boot obtained in this way is immersed for 4-5 hours in a weak solution of sulfuric acid (50 g per 2 liters of water), in which the wool is degreased and "falls off" even more.
Next, everything must be done so that a large-sized felt boot, consisting of a loose felt mass, is compacted ... Compaction is carried out with force by rolling a board with a ribbed surface (rubel) over the felt boot blank
The felt boots are immersed in boiling water for 10 minutes, then laid out and wrinkled by hand. This process is reminiscent of washing clothes and "rolling" on a ribbed surface.
When the product has cooled down, it is placed in boiling water and the same operation is carried out again, "washing" and rolling.
This process is repeated 3-4 times within one and a half to two hours. The felt boot becomes more and more compacted, decreases in size and acquires the appropriate shape of the finished product.
* The formation of felt boots is carried out after their sufficient compaction. A block (the shape of a boot) is inserted into a wet felt boot, consisting of five separate parts. In this form, it is placed in an oven or oven and dried at about 70 ° C for a day. The block is taken out, and the felt boots are cleaned with pumice stone and fired to remove protruding villi.
After these final operations, the boots are ready.
* Only very patient and calm people can do felting felt boots, because this is a very painstaking and long-term process that requires full dedication.
YOU CAN MAKE VALENKI WITH YOUR HANDS IN 2 METHODS:
- using a stencil
- with the help of bulk workpiece
1. USING A SCREEN.
To felt boots using a stencil, you need to decide on a pattern, because natural wool shrinks a lot.
Thick cardboard is suitable as it is - it is necessary to lay out woolen layers on it, moreover, this must be done simultaneously on both stencils.
The first layer of wool is laid out arbitrarily, and the subsequent ones should be located strictly perpendicular to the previous ones. Do not be greedy - let the wool protrude a little beyond the borders of the pattern; at the end of the felting, the edges will still have to be bent down.
Wool can move and slip, so you need to carefully monitor this and lay it out as tightly as possible. For ordinary felt boots, six layers of wool are usually enough, but if you want to make very warm felt boots, then increase the number of layers to eight or ten.
Wet felting felt boots made of wool involves processing blanks with hot soapy water until the desired thickness of the product is formed. Then the felt boots should be washed, cut, the stencil removed and thoroughly washed in the same soapy solution until the desired shrinkage. The final step will be stuffing the boots with paper and drying.
2. HOW TO FELT FEET WITH THE HELP OF A BLANK.
The process of felting felt boots is similar to the previous one, only rubber shoes, not a cardboard pattern, act as a shaping element. Only boots need to be selected at least a few sizes larger than desired, as wool shrinks a lot. Rubber boots should be one third larger than the size of future boots.
Just like in the case of cardboard, the wool layers are laid out perpendicular to each other - this is necessary for better adhesion of the fibers. Particular attention should be paid to the sole, as well as the uniformity and uniformity of the layers, otherwise the thickness of the boots will be different in different parts and it will take a lot of time to correct the defect.
To finally fix the shape of the product, use a hot soapy solution (the hotter the better). Wrap the felt boot in mesh or calico and start spraying it with soapy water, smoothing the surface with your hands or rolling it with a wooden massager, rolling pin.
However, do not overdo it, if you immediately start to crush too much, then holes may form in the boots. The whole process takes about 40 minutes - if you decide to simplify the work, then nothing good will come of it. It is necessary to thoroughly roll the felt boots, otherwise the layers may move and become disheveled. That's when you feel that the layers are fixed and do not move at all, the boots are ready.
It remains only to fill it with suitable size bottles and dry it.
***
Felt products, including boots, are found during excavations of rather ancient burial mounds. The original design was not as perfect as the one we have today: the top was rolled separately and sewn to the shoe, so they did not differ in great strength. Only at the beginning of the 13th century, the artisans of the city of Myshkin, Yaroslavl province, invented a four-piece prefabricated block, which made it possible to make a whole felt boot.
* Valenki played a strategic role during the Great Patriotic War, protecting Soviet soldiers from severe frosts.
They kept the health of millions of people in the winter cold.
* Felting products are still in great demand among the population. They are especially necessary for builders, fishermen, elderly people living in rural areas and very often in cold apartments.
In industrial production, rolls are made using felting machines, in which wool or products made from it in a wet state are subjected to pressure at a moderate temperature (30 ... 40 °). As a result of the action of external forces, the fibers are mixed, intertwined and compacted. The villi of wool fibers contain them, preventing displacement in the finished product. The strength of the product is thus increased.
video:
1 - how to make felt boots on a stencil
2 - wet felting
3. we scratch wool for felt boots
4 + 5 - felting with a blank.
HOW TO OPEN SUCH BUSINESS
Demand felt boots is continuously growing. This is facilitated by the "aging of the population" - for the elderly, felt boots are a favorite home shoe. On the other hand, the middle class, growing in number and leading a healthy lifestyle, is moving from city apartments to cottages, where felt boots are comfortable home, yard and walking shoes. The demand for children's felt boots is also growing. The factories that have remained since Soviet times produce mainly "oak" black and gray felt boots, while now the main demand is for white and colored felt boots, for felt boots with embroidery and appliqué, for beautiful multi-colored children's felt boots. |
Needlework master class: "Production of felt boots-whisperers by wet felting"
Fakhurtdinova Larisa Anatolyevna, technology teacher of the MAOU "Obdorsk Gymnasium", Salekhard.Operating procedure:
1) We print a template for felt boots on the printer.
4) Pour warm water into a spray bottle, drip a few drops of dishwashing liquid into it.
5) Cover the table with bubble wrap. The work will be done on film.
6) We take a ribbon of wool in our left hand, with our right hand we pinch the very ends of the wool and pull out the wool. We spread the wool on the template for felting boots.
The production of felt boots has remained unchanged for several hundred years. The raw material is natural wool, which shrinks strongly during the manufacturing process, resulting in the best winter shoes for frosty and dry winters.
Felt boots are a type of winter footwear made of densely knitted natural wool. In the most severe frosts, they keep warm and save the legs from frostbite, and the whole body from hypothermia, even in the Far North. The material for shoes is sheep wool, which is felted (rolled). Wool processing technology goes through the stage of simultaneous steaming and shrinkage into a dense material from which the product is molded. The name of footwear, so widespread in the past, comes from the name of the production process - felting.
Felt boots are produced in many types. The classic models are made of densely knitted thick wool with a boot of medium height. They are comfortable, lightweight and durable. They are worn during the cold season in dry weather. In autumn or in slushy winters, rubber overshoes are put on felt boots. Natural wool is quite quickly trampled, so the sole was often hemmed with leather in the past. In urban conditions, felt boots were in little demand, but in the open spaces of the provinces they are still relevant.
Until recently, traditional shoes were not of interest to most of the population; felt boots were worn only on small children. Now the return of fashion to natural materials and traditional crafts has begun, which is associated with new opportunities, design finds.
There were times when felt boots were considered a symbol of prosperity and great prosperity, and shoe sellers were heavily taxed. The production of felt boots was a secret to most mortals, and the master felters kept their secrets secret, preferring to pass them on only to family members. It is assumed that the prototype of felt boots were pims, footwear of nomads.
It is believed that felted shoes appeared at the end of the 18th century in the town of Myshkin, Yaroslavl province. Fashion for felt boots at court was introduced by Peter I, he put them on after a bath or wore them in winter. Tsarina Catherine the Great used felt boots to treat leg disease, and Elizabeth, by her decree, allowed court ladies to wear these shoes complete with puffy dresses. Stormy innovations in Russia were periodic, one of them was provoked by Peter I, who was distinguished by his breadth of views and practicality; during his reign, felt boots became available to all segments of the population.
The production of felted shoes on an industrial scale began in the 19th century. Lovers of felt boots were Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev. During the war years, felt boots were part of the winter uniforms for soldiers and senior officers. Today, the mandatory equipment with traditional shoes has remained relevant for the special forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The production of felt boots is experiencing a renaissance today, they are becoming favorite objects for the application of forces and imagination of designers, which resonates with the buyer. Decorated with skillful embroidery, ribbons, natural fur, felt boots, as in ancient times, create comfortable conditions for their owner, fulfilling their main purpose - keeping warm in cold weather.
For the manufacture of the best felt boots in Russia, sheep wool was most often used, but goat, dog, and rabbit wool was also used. Sheep wool was valued for its high wear and medicinal qualities. The wool was combed, compacted (felted) and obtained durable. Further shaping manipulations were carried out manually.
The final color of the product depended on the raw materials, white ones were considered the most luxurious, the wool of Mongolian fine-fleeced sheep was used for their production, gray felt boots were obtained from sheep's wool imported from Central Asia or the Caucasus. Sometimes shoes were made from which are not inferior in quality to analogues, but felt boots from it are more fluffy and not so light.
Modern models are made from rabbit, sheep, goat hair, there are products from mohair and felt. Felt boots are divided into several types, depending on the materials and models used:
Felt boots are one of the best footwear options for winter cold. Production (Russia) is based on old principles that have not changed since the 19th century. The technology schematically looks like this:
Today, many have opened small companies where felt boots are made. Production (Russia) was previously divided into industrial and handicraft. The equipment for a small and a large workshop needs the same, the difference is only in scale and performance. What equipment is required for the production of felt boots?
The industrial production of felt boots allows the production of up to 60 pairs of shoes per day, the handicraft version - up to 2-3 pairs. Any factory for the production of felt boots produces not only shoes, but related products: blankets, pillows, slippers, rugs and much more.
Today, handicrafts, including felt boots, are popular. For experienced craftsmen, they turn out to be aesthetic, with a modern model range. But no efforts of the hands can pile wool to the desired state, described in GOSTs. The factory for the production of felt boots will always provide its product with a certificate of conformity and useful tips for caring for the purchased pair.
In the old days, whole volosts were engaged in felting, the occupation was difficult, but brought sufficient income to the artels. Now in Russia such shoes are produced industrially. Factories for the production of felt boots are located in several regions, there are about fifteen of them in total, the top five are as follows:
The rest of the enterprises produce a much smaller volume of felt boots, from 45 to 150 thousand pairs per year. Russian-made felt boots were a good alternative to foreign shoes called ugg boots. Each buyer has his own tastes, preferences and scale of values, according to which this or that product is selected. But as for felt boots, in comparison with foreign analogues, in many respects this old Russian invention demonstrates the best characteristics for our latitudes.
The production of felt boots in Moscow has been established at the Bitsevsky Factory, which has been making shoes for over 150 years. The retail network of stores is spread throughout the country, and Muscovites can purchase a pair they like without leaving the capital, at the address: Stroiteley Street, Building 6, Building 4 (Universitet metro station).
A successful pair of felt boots will last more than one year and will warm the owner in the most severe frosts. The choice of shoes made of felted wool is carried out according to the following principles:
Felt shoes - natural, warm, comfortable, practical and absolutely indispensable in severe frosts, have become the subject of increased demand of modern fashionistas. Being a hallmark of the "Russian style", felt "fever" captured not only the expanses of the CIS, but also spread throughout the world.
If about twenty years ago felt boots were considered primitive, ugly and rough shoes, then the modern variety of designs of author's dump trucks, wire rods, felt boots, pims, cats, chuneys and combs causes sincere delight and a desire to replenish your wardrobe with a couple of stylish handmade items.
Decorated with appliqué and lacing, embroidered with rhinestones and stones, trimmed with fur, combined with knitting, decorated with pom-poms and ribbons, and even painted, our dear and kind felt boots have turned into works of art, putting even Finnish ugg boots to shame.
If you are on fire with the idea of organizing a fashion show in exclusive felt boots to the envy of everyone around you, I suggest mastering an exciting hobby - hand felting technology, and making felt boots for yourself on your own. Based on your individual preferences, you can safely vary the color scheme, style and decor of your products.
Making felt boots does not require special equipment, although the process of felting a “simple” felt boot is rather complicated, painstaking and long. Therefore, you will have to be patient. Wet felting is usually done by wool beaters in a bathhouse.
We can get by with an ordinary kitchen equipped with a table.
Wool for hand felting. Sheep wool, preferably autumn haircut. It is better to take a carded comb (semi-coarse, coarse). You can find and buy it in a needlework store or order it online.
Wool consumption depends on the size of the boots, the height of the top and the thickness of the wool layer. On average, boots for an adult will need 700-1300 gr. For a child, approximately 600g.
Sample. We draw a pattern for our felt boots on a piece of paper. We calculate the required size and height of the bootleg, taking into account 40% wool shrinkage (foot length + 40%, bootleg width + 40%). We draw as generally as possible, adding calculated allowances along the contour from all sides.
We are especially attentive to the rise, if it is too narrow, the leg will not fit. The ideal material for the template is polyethylene foam (a heat-insulating material used as a substrate for laminate flooring).
You can cut a pattern from ordinary dense polyethylene. For children's boots, it is convenient to use a template with a combined bell for the simultaneous felting of two boots at once, which then will need to be cut in half along the tops.
blank. Laying wool over the pattern is the most crucial moment. We cover the table with a pimply film, put our template on it. From the combed wool fiber, we stretch out long strands with our hands and carefully lay them on top of our pattern, first across and then along the template.
It is necessary to lay out the wool carefully, in a uniform layer of the same density. You can put a little more wool on the toe and heel. Lay out 3-4 layers. For one layer we consider the layout of wool along and across. Wet the laid wool with soapy water.
We turn the workpiece over, wrap the protruding edges on the front side and repeat the procedure for laying out the wool in perpendicular layers.
Felting and skating. We spray our workpiece - a semi-roll with hot soapy water, wrap it in a net and begin to knead and rub the surface with our hands. Wool loves ironing. Be sure to smooth out all wrinkles, lumps and folds - we fashion the shape. We form our boots, similar to a giant sock.
We make sure that the layers do not move and holes do not form. We periodically water our boots with hot water and soap so that it shrinks evenly. We take out the template and iron the felt boots from the inside with our hands.
We continue to intensively knead the workpiece, you can compact it, twist it, rolling it with a wooden massage roller until the felt boot becomes the desired size and shape and the wool stops pulling out of the felt. We repeat the whole procedure with the second boots. We check the symmetry of the pair by periodically applying them to each other.
Three large boots until the desired shrinkage. At this stage, you can adjust the shape directly on the leg, after putting on a woolen sock and a plastic bag. We trample down until we achieve the desired right-left shape.
We knock out protruding places with a hammer. We rinse the finished boots in cold water and set to dry, stuffing them tightly with crumpled paper or plastic bottles of suitable shape to keep their shape.
Decoration. The possibilities for decorating felt boots are endless. On the Internet you can find many original ideas and the necessary accessories for every taste and budget. Go ahead" - show your imagination, create with pleasure and surprise your loved ones with unique works of your hands.
kayabaparts.ru - Entrance hall, kitchen, living room. Garden. Chairs. Bedroom